高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists导学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists导学案，共20页。
Imprtant Wrds And Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) nce and fr all最终地；彻底地
(教材P2) Hwever，he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。
[例1] He will explain it fully nce and fr all.
他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。
[例2] The teacher has warned the student nce and fr all.
那位老师已断然警告那个学生。
[知识拓展]
all at nce 突然；同时
at nce 立刻，马上
nce and again 一而再，再三
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
(教材P2) Snw subscribed t the secnd thery.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
[例1] He subscribed fr 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。
[例2] I subscribed t that magazine.It is put ut every week.
我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。
[知识拓展]
subscribe t 同意；赞成；订阅……
把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (教材P2) Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame.
斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
(1)suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
[例1] I suspect him t knw everything abut that.
我猜想那件事他全都知道了。
[例2] She had n reasn t suspect that Sylvia had nt tld the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
[知识拓展]
suspect sb. f (ding) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb. t be... 怀疑某人是……
(2)blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
[例1] They placed the blame n the dctr.
他们把责任归咎于医生。
[例2] He tried t escape blame fr what he had dne.
他试图不为自己的行为负责。
[知识拓展]
(1)be t blame (fr sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb. fr sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth. n sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay the blame fr sth. n sb.
将某事归咎于某人
take the blame fr sth. 对某事承担责任
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(教材P3) Mrever，Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn.
此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
[例1] The tw cmpanies have linked.
这两家公司已联合。
[例2] The new bridge will link the island t the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
[知识拓展]
(1)将……和……联系或连接起来
link up 连接；结合
link up with... 与……联合；使与……衔接
(2)a link between A and BA与B之间的联系
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(教材P3) Thrugh Snw's tireless effrts，water cmpanies began t sell clean water，and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.
在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
[例1] The decrease in sales was almst 20 percent.
销售量差不多减少了20%。
[例2] His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。
[知识拓展]
(1)n the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in... 在……方面减少
(2)decrease t... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease 从……减少到……
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) thanks t 幸亏；由于
(教材P3) Frtunately，we nw knw hw t prevent chlera，thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw.
幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
[例1] Thanks t his research，the UN has mre tls in the battle t rid the wrld f hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
[例2] Thanks t his effrt，it is mre successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。
[知识拓展]
because f 因为；由于
as a result f 作为……的结果；由于
due t 因为；由于
wing t 由于；因为……的缘故
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
(教材P3) Mrever，in his use f maps and statistics，Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.
此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
[例1] He seems t have been miraculusly transfrmed int a first­class player.
他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
[例2] Things cannt be transfrmed vernight.
事情不可能在一夜之间改变。
[知识拓展]
(1)transfrm A int B 把A变成B
transfrm sth. frm A t B使……从A变成B
(2)transfrmatin n. 改变；改革
Imprtant Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构
(教材P2) As a yung dctr，Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera.
作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
句式分析：句中hw t prevent r treat chlera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
[例1] N ne knew hw t treat this dreaded disease.
没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
[例2] I dn't quite knw what t say in answer t yur questin.
我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词wh，what，which等和疑问副词hw，when，where等。
(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
(3)通常用在tell，shw，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 引导结果状语从句
(教材P2) He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days.
他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
句式分析：句中意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[例1] He was s flish that he accepted her invitatin.
他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
[例2] They walked s fast that I culd nt keep up with them.
他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。
[知识拓展]
(1)seq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(＋adj.或adv.,＋adj.＋a（n）＋单数可数名词,＋many/few＋复数可数名词,＋much/little（少的）＋不可数名词))＋that...
(2)sucheq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(a（n）＋adj.＋单数可数名词,adj.＋不可数名词,adj.＋复数名词))＋that...
[名师点津]
(1)little表示“少”时用s修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
There was s little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了，我们要快一点。
They are such little children that they can't understand it.
他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。
(2)在“”和“”结构中，当“s/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
S ht a day was it that they all went swimming.＝Such a ht day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。
I.选词填空
suspect；blame；subscribe；decrease；link；handle；pur；transfrm；utstanding；defend
1.I t a mrning paper.
2.We all the truth f the reprt.
3.My brther brke the windw，but I gt the .
4.D yu knw hw t the machine?
5.Is there a between lung disease and smking?
6.The unemplyment rate f the cuntry last year.
7.A new clur scheme will yur bedrm.
8.Andy the glass full and lifted it t Bbby.
9.The accused man had a lawyer t him.
10.Her late husband was an scientist.
答案：1.subscribed 2.suspect 3.blame 4.handle 5.link 6.decreased 7.transfrm 8.pured 9.defend 10.utstanding
Ⅱ.语法填空
1.If the primary (infect) is nt treated，further utbreaks may ccur.
2.We wuld resist any armed (intervene) frm utside in ur cuntry's affairs.
3.An accident was avided by his quick (think).
4.The (find) f the cmmissin have nt yet been made public.
5.The (machine) was busy repairing the machine.
6.I'll ask my persnal (assist) t deal with this.
7.He was praised fr his firm (leader).
8.Their helpers are (gift) with amazing pwers f patience.
9.He did smething (cntradict) t his rders.
10.The bld n his shes was a (prve) f his guilt.
答案：1. infectin 2. interventin 3. thinking 4.findings 5.mechanic 6.l assistant 7. leadership 8. gifted 9.cntradictry 10. prf
一、阅读理解
1
Red pandas are native t the high frests f Asia. They are nly a little bigger than a huse cat and cnsidered t be endangered. Scientists reprted last mnth that nt all red pandas belng t the same species. There are tw different species f this animal, nt just ne, a study fund.
The scientists reprted finding majr differences in three genetic markers between Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red pandas. Scientists identified the markers after studying DNA frm 65 f the creatures. DNA carries genetic infrmatin fr the develpment, grwth and reprductin f living things.
Recrding the existence f tw separate species culd help guide effrts fr prtecting red pandas, scientists added. “Chinese red pandas live in nrthern Myanmar, as well as sutheastern Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan prvinces in China. Himalayan red pandas are native t Nepal, India, Bhutan and suthern Tibet in China,” the researchers said.
Researchers Yib Hu and Fuwen Wei led the study. Their findings appeared in the magazine Science Advances.
Scientists had earlier suggested there were tw species f red panda. But the new study was the first t prvide the genetic infrmatin necessary t allw such a judgment. Internatinal experts guess a ttal ppulatin f arund 10,000 red pandas in the wild. The tw species differ in clr and skull shape. The Himalayan red panda is the less f the tw.
Majr threat stred pandas include defrestatin and habitat lss. While they have similar names, red pandas and giant pandas are nt clsely related. Giant pandas are ne f the wrld’s eight bear species. Red pandas are smetimes called living fssils because they have n clse living relatives. They are the nly remaining member f their mammalian family.
1. What played a key rle in telling the tw kinds f red pandas apart?
A. Life habits.B. Bdy sizes.
C. Living places.D. High technlgy.
2. What d we knw abut the research result?
A. It prved a nearly guess.B. It figured ut the number f red pandas.
C. It fund tw similar species f red panda.D. It prved ne species f red pandas was endangered.
3. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. The red panda’s habitat needs changing.B. Red pandas and pandas have little in cmmn.
C. Red pandas are ne f the wrld’s bear species.D. Red pandas are less than pandas in number.
4. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Red Pandas Are Mistaken fr Giant Pandas
B. Red Pandas Are Becming Endangered
C. Red Pandas Have Actually Tw Different Species
D. Red Pandas Are Mre Precius than Giant Pandas
【答案】
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家上个月报告说，并不是所有的小熊猫都属于同一物种。一项研究发现，这种动物有两种，而不仅仅是一种。文章介绍了科学家是如何发现小熊猫有两个物种的以及这项研究的意义。
1.
细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists reprted finding majr differences in three genetic markers between Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red pandas. Scientists identified the markers after studying DNA frm 65 f the creatures. DNA carries genetic infrmatin fr the develpment, grwth and reprductin f living things.(科学家报告称，他们在中国小熊猫和喜马拉雅小熊猫的三种基因标记上发现了重大差异。科学家们在研究了65种生物的DNA后确定了这些标记。DNA携带着生物发育、生长和繁殖所需的遗传信息)”可知，区分两种小熊猫的关键因素是高科技，即文章所提到的基因科技。故选D。
2.
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Scientists had earlier suggested there were tw species f red panda. But the new study was the first t prvide the genetic infrmatin necessary t allw such a judgment.(早些时候，科学家们认为有两种小熊猫。但是这项新的研究是第一个提供必要基因信息来做出这样的判断的)”可知，研究结果证明了之前的猜测。故选A。
3.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While they have similar names, red pandas and giant pandas are nt clsely related. Giant pandas are ne f the wrld’s eight bear species. Red pandas are smetimes called living fssils because they have n clse living relatives.(虽然小熊猫和大熊猫有着相似的名字，但它们并不是近亲。大熊猫是世界八种熊类之一。小熊猫有时被称为活化石，因为它们没有近亲)”可推知，小熊猫和熊猫没有什么共同点。故选B。
4.
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientists reprted last mnth that nt all red pandas belng t the same species. There are tw different species f this animal, nt just ne, a study fund.(科学家上个月报告说，并不是所有的小熊猫都属于同一物种。一项研究发现，这种动物有两种，而不仅仅是一种)”结合文章还介绍了科学家是如何发现小熊猫有两个物种的以及这项研究的意义。可知，C选项“小熊猫实际上有两个不同的物种”最符合文章标题。故选C。
2
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did yu ever wnder hw it is pssible fr us t recgnize peple? Even a skilled writer prbably culd nt describe all the features that make ne face different frm anther. Yet a very yung child r even an animal, such as a dlphin can learn t recgnize faces.
We als tell peple apart by hw they behave. When we talk abut smene’s persnality, we mean the ways in which he r she acts, speaks, thinks and feels make that persn different frm thers.
Like the human face, human persnality is very cmplex. But describing smene’s persnality in wrds is smewhat easier than describing his face. If yu were asked t describe what a “nice face” lked like, yu prbably wuld have a difficult time ding s. But if yu were asked t describe a “nice persn” , yu might begin t think abut smene wh was kind , cnsiderate , friendly , warm and s n.
There are many wrds t describe hw a persn thinks , feels and acts.Grdn Allprt , an American psychlgist, fund nearly 18,000 English wrds characterizing differences in peple’s behavir.And many f us use this infrmatin as a basis fr describing r typing his persnality.
Peple have always tried t “type” each ther.Actrs in early Greek drama (戏剧）wre masks t shw the audience whether they played the villain’ (坏人）r the her’s rle.In fact , the wrds “persn” and “persnality” cme frm the Latin , meaning “mask” .Tday , mst televisin and mvie actrs d nt wear masks. But we can easily tell the “ gd guys” frm the “bad guy” because the tw types differ in appearance as well as behavirs.
5. Why des the authr mentin the fingerprints in Paragraph 1 ?
A. T make peple learn t recgnize faces.
B. T shw peple have different persnalities.
C. T describe the features f fingerprints.
D. T explain peple differ in facial features.
6. Wh mst prbably knws hw t describe peple’s persnality best?
A. The ancient Greek audience.B. The mvie actrs.
C. Psychlgists.D. The mdern TV audience.
7. Why can we tell ne type f persn frm anther?
A. Peple differ in behaviral and physical characteristics.
B. Human fingerprints prvide unique infrmatin.
C. Peple’s behavir can be easily described in wrds.
D. Human faces have cmplex features.
8. Which f the fllwing is the majr pint f the passage?
A. Why is it necessary t identify peple’s persnality?
B. Why is it pssible t describe peple?
C. Hw t get t knw peple?
D. Hw t recgnize peple best?
【答案】
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何区分人与人之间的个性差距以及能够区分的原因是人们在行为和身体特征方面是不同的。
5.
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. (脸和指纹一样，都是独一无二的。)”和“Even a skilled writer prbably culd nt describe all the features that make ne face different frm anther.(即使是技艺高超的作家也可能无法描述出一张脸与另一张脸的所有不同之处。)”可知，脸和指纹都具有独一无二的特性，所以推断作者提及指纹，提到指纹是为了解释人们面部特征的不同。故选D。
6.
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Tday , mst televisin and mvie actrs d nt wear masks. But we can easily tell the “ gd guys” frm the “bad guy” (今天，大多数电视和电影演员都不戴面具。但是我们可以很容易地分辨出“好人”和“坏人)”可知，电影演员最有可能知道如何最好地描述一个人的性格。故选B。
7.
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But we can easily tell the “ gd guys” frm the “bad guy” because the tw types differ in appearance as well as behavirs.( 但是我们可以很容易地区分“好人”和“坏人”，因为这两种类型在外表和行为上都不同。)”可知，能够区分人与人之间的不同的原因是人们在行为和身体特征方面是不同的。故选A。
8.
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Did yu ever wnder hw it is pssible fr us t recgnize peple? Even a skilled writer prbably culd nt describe all the features that make ne face different frm anther.(你有没有想过我们是怎么可能认出人的?即使是技艺高超的作家也可能无法描述出一张脸与另一张脸的所有不同之处。)”及第三段“But describing smene’s persnality in wrds is smewhat easier than describing his face.”（但是用语言描述一个人的个性要比描述他的脸容易一些。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了如何区分人与人之间的个性差距以及能够区分的原因是人们在行为和身体特征方面是不同的。所以文章的主要观点是：为什么描述人是可能的?故选B。
二、完形填空
Scientists in Nrway have sme gd news fr cffee drinkers. Researchers have already fund evidence that the drink r the beans can help with weight lss, 9 ne’s risk f develping sme diseases, prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne’s risk f premature(早于预期的) death, amng many ther 10 . Nw it is said that a cup f 11 reduces physical pain.
The surprising finding is 12 a study invlving 48 vlunteers wh agreed t spend 90 minutes perfrming cmputer tasks meant t finish ffice wrk. The tasks were knwn t 13 pain in the shulders, neck, frearms and wrists. The researchers wanted t 14 hw peple with pain and thse wh were pain-free tlerated(忍受) the pain f such tasks. As a matter f cnvenience, the scientists allwed peple t drink cffee befre taking the test “t avid 15 effects f caffeine lack, e.g. decreased vigr, sleepiness, and exhaustin.” they reprted.
When it came time t analyze the data, the researchers frm Nrway’s Natinal Institute f
Occupatinal Health and Osl University Hspital nticed that the 19 peple wh drank cffee reprted a 16 intensity(强度) f pain than the 29 peple wh didn’t. In the shulders and neck, 17 the average pain was rated 41 (n a 100-pint scale) amng the cffee drinkers and 55 fr the nn-cffee drinkers. Similar gaps were fund fr all pain sites measured, and cffee’s bvius pain-reductin effect 18 .
Hwever, the authrs f the study, which was published this week in the jurnal, BMC Research Ntes, warn that the results f the study cme with many 19 . Fr starters, the researchers dn’t knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed(消耗) befre taking the cmputer tests. 20 , they dubt whether the cffee drinkers and nn-cffee drinkers were 21 in all aspects except fr their cffee cnsumptin. Prblems like these tend t 22 the imprtance f the findings. But thse dubts are 23 t truble the cffee drinkers lking fr any reasn nt t cut back n their daily caffeine habit.
9. A. takeB. reduceC. increaseD. face
10. A. trendsB. adviceC. benefitsD. prmtins
11. A. milkB. waterC. ckeD. cffee
12. A. based nB. fnd fC. different frmD. regarded as
13. A. causeB. indicateC. easeD. relieve
14. A. warnB. cmpareC. cureD. treat
15. A. unpleasantB. mdestC. significantD. psitive
16. A. lwerB. higherC. shrterD. lnger
17. A. in additinB. as a resultC. fr exampleD. in ne wrd
18. A. turned upB. tk upC. put upD. gave up
19. A. satisfactinB. uncertaintiesC. attentinD. respnse
20. A. MreverB. HweverC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless
21. A. guiltyB. similarC. differentD. prper
22. A. realizeB. bserveC. measureD. weaken
23. A. unlikelyB. rderlyC. jealusD. capable
【答案】
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. A
16. A
17. C
18. A
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. D
23. A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。同时文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，减少患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A. take带走；B. reduce减少；C. increase增加；D. face面对。结合下文prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne’s risk f premature death可知是这种饮料的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选B。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A. trends趋势；B. advice建议；C. benefits好处；D. prmtins升职。结合上文prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne’s risk f premature death可知是这种饮料的优点好处，故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A. milk牛奶；B. water水；C. cke可乐；D. cffee咖啡。根据上文Scientists in Nrway have sme gd news fr cffee drinkers.可知是咖啡。故选D。
12. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究，他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A. based n基于；B. fnd f喜欢；C. different frm不同于；D. regarded as认为是。结合下文a study invlving 48 vlunteers wh agreed t spend 90 minutes perfrming cmputer tasks meant t finish ffice wrk.可知此处指这项发现是基于一项研究。故选A。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A. cause造成；B. indicate表明；C. ease缓解；D. relieve解除。结合下文pain in the shulders, neck, frearms and wrists可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A. warn警告；B. cmpare比较；C. cure治愈；D. treat对待。结合下文hw peple with pain and thse wh were pain-free tlerated the pain f such tasks可知是将有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人进行比较。故选B。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡，“以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫。”A. unpleasant不愉快的；B. mdest谦虚的；C. significant意义重大的；D. psitive积极的。结合下文decreased vigr, sleepiness, and exhaustin可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects“不良影响”。故选A。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：职业健康和奥斯陆大学医院注意到，喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A. lwer更低的；B. higher更高的；C. shrter更短的；D. lnger更长的。结合下文average pain was rated 41 (n a 100-pint scale) amng the cffee drinkers and 55 fr the nn-cffee drinkers可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。故选A。
17. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满分100分)，而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A. in additin此外；B. as a result结果；C. fr example例如；D. in ne wrd总之。结合上文可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕，此处只列举了肩部和颈部作为例子，故选C。
18. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异，结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。A. turned up出现；B. tk up接受；C. put up提供；D. gave up放弃。结合上文可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果，故选A。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，本周发表在BMC Research Ntes杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说，这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A. satisfactin满足；B. uncertainties不确定性；C. attentin注意；D. respnse响应。结合下文Fr starters, the researchers dn’t knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed befre taking the cmputer tests.可知研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡，故这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。故选B。
20. 考查副词辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。A. Mrever此外；B. Hwever然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Nevertheless然而。此处承接上文Fr starters, the researchers dn’t knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed befre taking the cmputer tests.表示进一步说明，故选A。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。A. guilty内疚的；B. similar相似的；C. different不同的；D. prper适当的。结合下文in all aspects except fr their cffee cnsumptin可知喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。故选B。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A. realize意识到；B. bserve观察；C. measure测量；D. weaken削弱。根据上文Prblems like these tend t可知这些类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的可信度，故选D。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。A. unlikely不可能的；B. rderly有序的；C. jealus嫉妒的；D. capable有能力的。结合下文truble the cffee drinkers lking fr any reasn nt t cut back n their daily caffeine habit可知这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。故选A。