专题06 定语从句-2025年高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备（(知识点课件+精析精练)）

这是一份专题06 定语从句-2025年高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备（(知识点课件+精析精练)），文件包含06定语从句pptx、06定语从句docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共25页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句【考题再现】①(2024·郑州模拟) It is a new milestne fr the cuntry’s shipbuilding industry because it marks an end t the time _____China culdn’t design and cnstruct large cruise ships independently.②(2024·雅礼中学模拟) Eventually,the family called fr help frm the plice _________ arrived with a search and rescue dg named Luke t lk fr the child.③(2024·马鞍山模拟) The last three years have been the warmest n recrd, _______pses exceptinal challenges glbally.
【要点归纳】关系代词一览表
1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等不定代词时。If I run int anything that might interest yu, I’ll send it t yu. We cannt say nne that we saw n TV were true.(2)先行词被the nly, any, few, n, very等修饰时。 After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wns.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。That is the best film that has ever been shwn s far in the city.When it cmes t Jinan, the first that cmes t mind is the spring water.(4)先行词既有人又有物时。My mther and her ld friends talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.(5)主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。Cruse’s dg, which was very ld, became ill and died.
3.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
As is knwn t all, great changes have taken place in China.Jhn, as yu knw, is a famus writer.Tm was late fr schl again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
【要点巩固】①(2024·泸州模拟) In 2016, Zhang was given the Rmer-Simpsn Lifetime Achievement Award, _______is the highest prize in vertebrate palaentlgy.②(2024·汕头模拟) ____Nelsn Mandela said, when yu speak t a man in a language that he understands, it ges t his head.But when yu speak t a man in his mther tngue, it ges t his heart.③(2024·潮州模拟) The blue whale, weighing mre than even the biggest dinsaurs, is the largest animal _____has ever lived.
④(2024·济南模拟) The night market, _______flexibility prvides mre emplyment alternatives fr jb-seekers, has brught jy and fun fr cnsumers.⑤(2024·焦作模拟) As a symbl f ancient Chinese civilizatin, the Great Wall is ne f the wrld’s ldest and mst magnificent (壮丽的) man-made scenes, _______ has a lng histry.
考点2　“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句【要点归纳】　　在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若是表示人,就只能用whm;关系代词若是表示事物,就只能用which。 Where is the supermarket in which yu bught the laptp last week?D yu knw the lady with whm ur manager is talking in the ffice?【特别提示】 在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可缩写成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。She had sme mney in the bank, with which she culd help her mther.→She had sme mney in the bank, with which t help her mther.
【要点巩固】①(2024·韶关模拟) Then he tk a break in an inn and rdered several dishes, amng _______there was fried shrimp.②(2023·浙江高考·1月卷) There’s never a stage at _______the system knws what it’s talking abut.③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷改编) In cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives in _______ the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in _______ ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.⑤(2022·全国甲卷) This special building is a place in _______theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyne else have the pprtunity (机会) t d creative things.
考点3　关系副词引导的定语从句【要点归纳】　　定语从句中关系副词有when,where,why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。She remembered clearly that day when she’d gne explring the rck pls. This is the twn where I was brn. I’m writing t explain t yu the reasn why I was absent frm yur lecture last time.
关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。There are ccasins when (=n which) ne must yield.Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was brn.Is this the reasn why (=fr which) he refused ur ffer?
【要点巩固】①(2024·南充模拟) At that time, every year in spring _______the Tmb-Sweeping Day came, the weather became warm.②(2024·内江模拟) That was in 2008, _______smene paid $14.3 millin fr a license plate with the number “ne” n it.③(2024·北京海淀模拟) I began my daily turs n the back streets with light traffic and gradually cycled t busier areas _______I culd share the street with dg walkers.④(2024·南平模拟) I hpe my psts can serve as tree hles _______they can talk abut their everyday life as well as their pains, srrws and happiness.⑤We have entered int an age _______dreams have the best chance f cming true.
考点4　定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化【要点归纳】　　如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语),则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样,分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。　　谓语动词用主动语态的,用现在分词作定语;谓语动词用被动语态的,用过去分词作定语。 如:We live in a huse which/that faces the suth.→We live in a huse facing the suth.The first textbks that were written fr teaching English as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.→The first textbks written fr teaching English as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
【特别提示】语法填空题关系词考法1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2.关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则。(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that; 非限制性定语从句中用wh。(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm; 非限制性定语从句中用whm。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句中用which。(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,如果先行词指人, 则关系代词用whm; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。
【链接写作】 在写作中加入定语从句,可以把两个简单句连接成一个复合句,使两个句子之间的关系更为紧密,既能够很好地展现出考生的综合语言运用能力,同时也能够给改卷老师留下较为深刻的印象。如2023年全国乙卷书面表达:写作运用:句式升级我遇到了很多困难,但我没有放弃,而是向经验丰富的摄影师寻求指导。他们的建议和鼓励帮助我克服了挑战。
I encuntered many difficulties, but I didn’t give up and sught guidance frm experienced phtgraphers.Their advice and encuragement helped me vercme the challenges.→I encuntered many difficulties, but I didn’t give up and sught guidance frm experienced phtgraphers, _______advice and encuragement helped me vercme the challenges.
高考真题训练 1.(2023·全国甲卷) There was nce a twn in the heart f America, _______all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings.2.(2023·全国乙卷) But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place ___________ welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life.3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _____live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
4.(2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _____ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.5.(2022·浙江高考1月卷) Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics _________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.6.(2021·北京高考) When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything _____happened during the day, trying t link new experiences t ld memries.7.(2021·天津高考) William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm _______we can learn withut repeating them.
8.(2021·天津高考) At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _______artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.9.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ___________pened in 1759.10.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt _______ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.11.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist _______paintings were almst lifelike.
that/which