高中Unit 3 Environmental Protection同步训练题

这是一份高中Unit 3 Environmental Protection同步训练题，共7页。
引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这叫间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几项问题。
【观察】
She said, “I am very happy t help yu.” → She said that she was very happy t help me.
He said t me, “I have taught English since I came here.” → He tld me that he had taught English since he came here.
【归纳】
直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由 ① 引导。
【观察】
He asked me, “D like playing ftball?” → He asked me whether/if I liked playing ftball.
He asked me, “Can I d it r nt?” → He asked me whether he culd d it r nt.
【归纳】
直接引语是 eq \\ac(○,2) 句或选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由 whether或if引导。
注意：大多数情况下，if和 whether可以互换，但后有nt时，一般只用 ③ 。
【观察】
My sister asked me, “Hw d yu like the film?” → My sister asked me hw I liked the film.
He asked Lucy, “Where did yu g?” → He asked Lucy where she went.
Tm said, “What d yu want, Ann?” → Tm asked Ann what she wanted.
【归纳】
直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词如wh、whm、whse、hw、when、why，where等引导，语序要用 ④ 语序。
【观察】
They said, “We will g there by bus.”→They said they wuld g there by bus.
She said t me, “Are yu interested in science?”→She asked me if I was interested in science.
His mther said t me, “He can’t g t schl.”→His mther tld me that he culdn’t g t schl.
【归纳】
由直接引语变为间接引语时从句人称的变化规则：从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则，即如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时要和主句的 ⑤ 人称保持一致；如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时要与主句的 ⑥ 人称保持一致；如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称 ⑦ 。
【观察】
The girl said, “I’m srry fr being late fr class.”→The girl said that she was srry fr being late fr class.
He says, “I have finished my hmewrk.”→ He says that he has finished his hmewrk.
She will say, “I’ll d it tmrrw.”→She will say that she’ll d it the next day.
The teacher said. “The earth mves arund the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth mves arund the sun.
【归纳】
直接引语变为间接引语时从句时态的变化规则：
（1）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，则从句的时态应变为与主句时态相应的过去时态，即当直接引语是一般现在时时，间接引语用 ⑧ ；当直接引语是一般过去时时，间接引语用过去完成时；当直接引语是现在进行时时，间接引语用过去进行时；直接引语是现在完成时，间接引语用过去完成时；直接引语是过去完成时，间接引语用过去完成时；直接引语是一般将来时，间接引语用过去将来时。
（2）直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态 ⑨ 。
（3）直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态 ⑩ 。
【观察】
She said, “I will cme this evening.’→She said that she wuld g that evening.
He said, “My sister was here three days ag, but she is nt here nw” →He said that his sister had been there three days befre, but she was nt there then.
She said, “My brther wants t g with me.”→She said her brther wanted t g with her.
He said. “These bks are mine.”→ He said thse bks were his.
【归纳】
直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词的变化规则：
（1）直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化：this→ eq \\ac(○,11) , these→ eq \\ac(○,12) 等。
（2）直接引语变为间接引语时时间状语的变化：nw→ eq \\ac(○,13) ，tday→that day, yesterday→the day befre, tmrrw→ the next day等。
（3）直接引语变为间接引语时地点状语的变化：here→ eq \\ac(○,14) 。
（4）直接引语变为间接引语时动词的变化：cme→ eq \\ac(○,15) (g eq \\ac(○,16) cme)。
【观察】
The captain rdered, “Be quiet.”→The captain rdered us t be quiet.
My teacher asked me, “Dn’t laugh.”→My teacher asked me nt t laugh.
【归纳】
如果直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成 eq \\ac(○,17) , 并根据情况在其前加 tell、ask、rder等动词和相应的人称代词。注意：此种情况的否定句，在 eq \\ac(○,18) 前加nt。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.（2018课标全国I，语法填空，★★）While running regularly can’t make yu live frever，the review says it ________ (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.
2.（2017天津，4，★）She asked me ________ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
单句改错
3.（2019课标全国I，阅读理解B，★★）Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president.
4.（2019北京，阅读理解C，★★）Sn yu will als questin that the vice yu’re hearing is actually real.
5.（★★）Jack asked Jhn where he is ging when he met him in the street.
将下列直接引语变成间接引语
6.（2020浙江1月，读后续写，★★）“I’m ging t miss yu s much, Pppy,” said the tall, thin teenager.
_____________________________________________________________________
7.（2019北京，阅读理解B，★★）With that in mind, Mre asked her dad. “Can I start my wn candy cmpany?”
_____________________________________________________________________
8.（2019北京，阅读理解B改编，★★）“Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can't say n t it?” Mre asked herself.
_____________________________________________________________________
9.（2019天津，阅读理解B改编，★★）Mm said, “I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this mrning.”
_____________________________________________________________________
10.（2018天津改编，13，★★）He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand.”
_____________________________________________________________________
11.（2018天津，阅读理解B，★★）I raced t the staircase and called ut, “Sally! Cme dwn immediately!”
_____________________________________________________________________
12.（2018天津，阅读理解B，★★）She asked, “D yu have the address?”
_____________________________________________________________________
13.（2017北京，阅读理解A改编，★★）Paris said, “My team saved my life.”
_____________________________________________________________________
14.（2017浙江，阅读理解A改编，★★）Benjamin later said, “Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night.”
_____________________________________________________________________
15.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空改编，★★）Sarah said, “My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw.”
_____________________________________________________________________
16.（2016课标全国I，阅读理解C改编，★★）The lady n the desk said, “Jim, I have sme bad news fr yu that there are n flights frm Washingtn.”
_____________________________________________________________________
17.（2016北京，阅读理解B改编，★★）The man said, “My neighbrhd will be back, even strnger than befre.”
_____________________________________________________________________
18.（2016四川，完形填空，★★）“Have yu read it?” asked Aunt Dede.
_____________________________________________________________________
19.（2016江苏，完形填空改编，★★★）Kurt asked, “Jhn, what is yur plan fr persnal grwth?”
_____________________________________________________________________
20.（★★）“Is it raining ut there，Tm?” asked the man at the petrl statin.
_____________________________________________________________________
21.（★★）I wasn’t able t hide my eagerness when I asked, “What d yu wish me t d nw, Dad?”
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
①that②一般疑问③ whether④陈述句⑤主语
⑥宾语⑦不变⑧一般过去时⑨不变 eq \\ac(○,10)不变
eq \\ac(○,11)that eq \\ac(○,12)thse eq \\ac(○,13)then eq \\ac(○,14)there eq \\ac(○,15)g eq \\ac(○,16)不变
eq \\ac(○,17)动词不定式 eq \\ac(○,18)动词不定式
1. is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管经常跑步不能使你长生，但报告上说，跑步比散步、骑车或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。此处表示一种理论事实，因此用一般现在时。此处主语是it，故填is。
2. whether/if 考查宾语从句。句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认了我还没有还。whether/if在此处是“是否”的意思，引导宾语从句。
3. 在 raise前加t 考查动词不定式。句意：有一天当Whaley让认为自己永远都成不了总统的孩子举起手时，他有了这个二年级总统竞选项目的想法。直接引语变成间接引语时，需将祈使句中的动词原形变成不定式。
4. that改为 whether/if 考查连接词。句意：很快你也会怀疑你正在听到的声音是不是真的。直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由 whether或if引导，意思为“是否”。
5. is改为was 考查时态。句意：杰克在街上遇见约翰时，问他要去哪里。直接引语在改为间接引语时，如果主句是一般过去时，从句的时态需要做相应的调整，现在进行时要改为过去进行时。
6. The tall, thin teenager said t Pppy that he was ging t miss him s much.
7. with that in mind, Mre asked her dad if/whether she culd start her wn candy cmpany.
8. Mre asked herself why she culdn’t make a health candy that was gd fr her teeth s that her parents culdn’t say n t it.
9. Mm said that she culdn’t believe what was printed in the newspaper that mrning.
10. He said that his washing machine was being repaired that week, s he had t wash his clthes by hand.
11. I raced t the staircase and rdered Sally t g dwn immediately
12. She asked me if/whether I had the address.
13. Paris said that his team had saved his life.
14. Benjamin later said that thse tw bks had been his cmpanins by day, and under his pillw at night.
15. Sarah said that her dad thught she shuld take the ffer then.
16. The lady n the desk said t Jim that she had sme bad news fr him that there were n flights frm Washingtn.
17. The man said that his neighbrhd wuld be back, even strnger than befre.
18. Aunt Dede asked me if/whether I had read it.
19. Kurt asked Jhn what his plan fr persnal grwth was.
20. The man at the petrl statin asked Tm if/ whether it was raining ut there.
21. I wasn’t able t hide my eagerness when I asked Dad what he wished me t d then.