2025届河南省开封市顺河回族区高三上学期一模英语试题

这是一份2025届河南省开封市顺河回族区高三上学期一模英语试题，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书信写作，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Fungi Can Help Cncrete Heal Its Own Cracks
Cracks are very cmmn in cncrete structures due t varius chemical and physical phenmena that ccur during everyday use. And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they prvide an easy rute in fr liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might cntain. Fr instance, micr-cracks can allw water and xygen t infiltrate and then crrde the steel, leading t structural failure.
But cntinuus maintenance and repair wrk is difficult because it usually requires an enrmus amunt f labr and investment.
Scientists have been trying t figure ut hw these harmful cracks culd heal themselves withut human interventin. The idea was riginally inspired by the amazing ability f the human bdy t heal itself f cuts, bruises and brken bnes. A persn takes in nutrients which the bdy uses t prduce new substitutes t heal damaged tissues. In the same way, can we prvide necessary prducts t cncrete t fill in cracks when damage happens?
Thrugh lng time research, scientists have fund an unusual candidate t help cncrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei. It is fund that as calcium hydrxide frm cncrete disslved in water, the pH f the fungal grwth medium increased frm a clse-t-neutral riginal value f 6.5 all the way t a very alkaline 13.0. Of all the fungi tested, nly T. reesei culd survive this envirnment. Despite the drastic pH increase, its spres germinated int threadlike hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with r withut cncrete.
Scientists prpse including fungal spres, tgether with nutrients, during the initial mixing prcess when building a new cncrete structure. When the inevitable cracking ccurs and water finds its way in, the drmant fungal spres will germinate. As they grw, they’ll wrk as a catalyst within the calcium-rich cnditins f the cncrete t prmte precipitatin f calcium carbnate crystals. These mineral depsits can fill in the cracks. When the cracks are cmpletely caulked and n mre water can enter, the fungi will again frm spres. If cracks frm again and envirnmental cnditins becme favrable, the spres culd wake up and repeat the prcess.
T. reesei is ec-friendly, psing n knwn risk t human health. In fact, T. reesei has a lng histry f safe use in industrial-scale prductin f carbhydrase enzymes, such as cellulase, which plays an imprtant rle in fermentatin prcesses during winemaking. Of curse, researchers will need t cnduct a thrugh assessment t investigate any pssible immediate and lng-term effects n the envirnment and human health prir t its use as a healing agent in cncrete infrastructure.
1．Accrding t the passage, tiny cracks in cncrete structures may lead t ________.
A．Disfunctin even cllapse f the entire structure
B．Cntinuus maintenance and rebuilding
C．Leakage f liquids and gasses
D．Waste f water and xygen
2．What can we knw abut T. reesei?
A．It is widely used in building cncrete structures.
B．It can survive in extreme envirnment.
C．It can help the cncrete cracks heal.
D．It is a newly discvered fungi.
3．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．T. reesei might be used n human.
B．The research is still at its initially stage.
C．T. reesei is unreplaceable in winemaking.
D．T. reesei has lng-term effects n human health
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine-cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
4．What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him?
A．He’s dd.B．He’s strict.C．He’s brave.D．He’s rude.
5．Why did Farber decide t try acupuncture n pets?
A．He was trained in it at university.B．He was inspired by anther veterinarian.
C．He benefited frm it as a patient.D．He wanted t save mney fr pet wners.
6．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Steps f a chirpractic treatment.B．The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C．Examples f rare animal diseases.D．The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
7．Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?
A．T prve Farber’s pint.B．T emphasize its imprtance.
C．T praise veterinarians.D．T advcate animal prtectin.
Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
8．What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Seem unlikely t last.B．Seem hard t explain.
C．Becme ready t use.D．Becme easy t ntice.
9．What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.B．Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C．Peple select digital texts randmly.D．Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
10．Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A．They can hld students' attentin.B．They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C．They help develp advanced skills.D．They are mre infrmative than text.
11．What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A．Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C．Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D．Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
12．What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A．They are becming utdated.B．They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C．They are limited in number.D．They are used fr public exhibitin.
13．What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A．Threatened species.B．Physical specimens.
C．Observatinal data.D．Mbile applicatins.
14．What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A．Mistakes in data analysis.B．Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C．Imprper way f sampling.D．Unreliable data cllectin devices.
15．What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A．Review data frm certain areas.B．Hire experts t check the recrds.
C．Cnfirm the identity f the users.D．Give guidance t citizen scientists.
Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). 16 N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. 17 Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
18 It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. 19 Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". 20 A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A．I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B．It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C．But I still dn't want t replace them.
D．But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E．Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F．That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G．Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
二、完形填空
I’m a 47-year-ld teacher. I am s blessed t wrk in the greatest 21 fr 20 years. Despite the 22 schedule and hard wrk, I finish each day feeling I have made a 23 . This is the drive that keeps me 24 and passinate. As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I tuch the future, I teach.”
When I was named Maryland Teacher f the Year, I received a cngratulatry e-mail frm a frmer student wh is nw 25 Gergetwn University and is a leader in the student-run Wmen in Plitics grup. Recently, I watched a cllege basketball game t find anther frmer student 26 up and dwn the curt fr Gergetwn. Walking thrugh a supermarket yesterday, I 27 encuntered a frmer student, wh handed me a business card fr the cmpany he started, at age twenty-tw. Anther student said he is in the 28 f applying fr law schl at Hward University. Believe it r nt, I 29 frmer students with similar success stries nearly every week.
Seeing their success and knwing that I was able t make a small 30 t their success is the greatest 31 . Thse glrius mments 32 me t cntinue hping t play a rle in the life f every child. Smetimes, while I am watching my 33 students wrking in class, I try t 34 what they will be ding ten years frm nw. I wuld nt 35 my career fr any ther. I literally tuch the future every day.
21．A．businessB．cmpanyC．prfessinD．prject
22．A．lightB．tightC．flexibleD．casual
23．A．differenceB．frtuneC．nameD．prmise
24．A．generusB．independentC．curiusD．inspired
25．A．leavingB．jiningC．attendingD．visiting
26．A．cheeringB．pacingC．judgingD．running
27．A．unavidablyB．unexpectedlyC．uncnditinallyD．unquestiningly
28．A．habitB．frmC．hpeD．prcess
29．A．came acrssB．picked upC．calmed dwnD．turned t
30．A．changeB．cntributinC．prpsalD．chance
31．A．helpB．praiseC．rewardD．respnse
32．A．pressureB．blckC．fuelD．crner
33．A．currentB．regularC．tpD．average
34．A．realizeB．pictureC．cnfirmD．dubt
35．A．chargeB．prepareC．prvideD．trade
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
August 3rd is Watermeln Day, an annual hliday that celebrates everyne’s favrite summer fruit. 36 (make) f almst 92% water, the fruit is full f vitamin A and vitamin C and antixidants (抗氧化剂). S what are yu waiting fr? Get yurself a few slices f watermeln 37 (celebrate) this delicius hliday.
Watermeln is an ancient fd that 38 (believe) t have riginated in Africa. Histrians have fund evidence f watermeln planting as far back as 4,000 years ag. Tday, 39 (variety) f the fruit are grwn in warm parts f the wrld.
Because f 40 (it) high water cntent, watermeln is a kind f thirst -quenching (解渴的) fruit. In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, 41 watermeln is called “tsamma”, it is ne f the main surces f water during the dry, ht seasn. In the past, peple 42 (g) acrss the desert nly during a gd tsamma seasn.
Sme studies have shwn that the antixidants in watermeln can reduce the risk f sme types f cancer. Mrever, all parts f the fruit are eatable. Its flesh can be eaten 43 (direct) r juiced. In many parts f the wrld, 44 thick green uter cvering f the fruit serves 45 a dish, and its seeds are dried, rasted and enjyed like nuts.
四、书信写作
46．2022年北京冬奥会将如期举行，目前正在招募志愿者。假如你是李华，红星中学的一名学生，希望能成为其中一员，请用英文给组委会写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 个人介绍；
2. 自身优势；
3. 强烈意愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As my mm says, lve is simple. There came a time in my life, ver tw years ag, when I had the desire t impact smene’s life psitively. My friend Kelley tld me abut a vlunteer trip she had taken t Gary, West Virginia, and it was a life-changing experience. After lking int service pprtunities, I signed up t take a vlunteer trip t Gary.
Vlunteer trips have becme increasingly ppular amng yung peple seeking meaningful experiences. They gain access t a wide range f vlunteer prjects cncerning varius fields such as educatin, envirnmental cnservatin, cmmunity develpment, and mre.
When we arrived in Gary, I nticed hw different the twn was frm where I lived. Huses were built n little hills. There were few stres r restaurants in twn; mst had clsed. Yu were lucky t find a gas statin r grcery stre.
My jb was t help build a new schl. The wrk days were lng and ht. We awke at 6 a. m. and wrked thrugh the day in 90 degree heat. There were always encuraging peple by my side wh helped keep me ging. Anyway, it was an unfrgettable experience.
Then last summer, I decided t challenge myself by taking a vlunteer trip abrad with sme ther vlunteers and taking up meaningful vlunteer wrk in a freign cmmunity. My destinatin was a remte village in Hnduras, a cuntry in Central America. I wanted t teach science t the pr children there.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Eager t participate, I talked t my parents, but they didn’t say yes at first.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then we wasted n time in getting ready fr ur science teaching.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述基础设施的老硬化，混凝土出现裂缝，科学家们通过测试发现了一种叫做T. reesei的真菌，能使裂缝自己愈合。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they prvide an easy rute in fr liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might cntain. Fr instance, micr-cracks can allw water and xygen t infiltrate and then crrde the steel, leading t structural failure.(微小的裂缝可能非常有害，因为它们为液体、气体及可能含有的有害物质提供了一条容易进去的途径。例如，微裂纹会使水和氧气渗入，然后腐蚀钢材，导致结构失效)”可知，微小的裂缝会导致结构失效，甚至是结构的崩塌。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thrugh lng time research, scientists have fund an unusual candidate t help cncrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei.(通过长期的研究，科学家们发现了一种不寻常的候选者来帮助混凝土愈合：一种叫做T. reesei的真菌)”可知，T. reesei真菌能帮助混凝土愈合裂缝。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of curse, researchers will need t cnduct a thrugh assessment t investigate any pssible immediate and lng-term effects n the envirnment and human health prir t its use as a healing agent in cncrete infrastructure.(当然，在将它作为混凝土基础设施中的治疗剂之前，研究者需要进行一个彻底的评估，已调查对环境和人类健康的任何可能的直接的和长期的影响)”可推知，研究还需要进行彻底的评估，因此此研究还处于其最初阶段。故选B。
4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
8．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine thrugh应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallwing hypthesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallwing hypthesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
【点睛】
12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
【点睛】
16．F 17．B 18．E 19．A 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
16．上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
17．上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
18．下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
19．下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there’s nthing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I dn’t ften use this dictinary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
20．上文“ “T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk, ” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
【点睛】
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己的教书事业并为之感到自豪。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运能在最伟大的职业中工作20年。A. business商业；B. cmpany公司；C. prfessin职业；D. prject项目。根据“I’m a 47-year-ld teacher.(我是一名47岁的教师。)”可知，作者做教师工作有20年了。故选C。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管日程安排很紧，工作也很辛苦，但每天结束时我都觉得自己有所作为。A. light亮的；B. tight紧身的，紧贴的；C. flexible灵活的；D. casual随意的。根据“hard wrk(工作也很辛苦)”可知，作者的日程安排很紧。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. difference不同；B. frtune幸运；C. name名字；D. prmise承诺。根据“As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I tuch the future, I teach.”(正如Christa ' McAuliffe所说，“我触及未来，我教书。”)”可知，作者认为自己的教书工作，触及未来，所以教书每天结束时。都觉得自己有所作为。make a difference有意义，有所作为。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是激励我的动力，让我充满激情。A. generus慷慨的；B. independent独立的；C. curius好奇的；D. inspired激励人的。根据“As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I tuch the future, I teach.”(正如Christa ' McAuliffe所说，“我触及未来，我教书。”)”以及“passinate(热情的)”可知，作者认为自己的教书工作，触及未来，作者充满激情，备受激励。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我被评为马里兰州年度最佳教师时，我收到了一封来自一位学生的祝贺邮件，她现在就读于乔治城大学，是学生组织的“女性参政”小组的负责人。A. leaving离开；B. jining连接，接合；C. attending参加，上；D. visiting拜访。根据“Gergetwn University(乔治城大学)”可知，作者的学生现在就读于乔治城大学。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，我看了一场大学篮球赛，发现另一位乔治城大学的以前自己的学生在球场上跑来跑去。A. cheering喝彩；B. pacing踱步；C. judging判断；D. running跑步。根据“I watched a cllege basketball game(我看了一场大学篮球赛)”可知，作者看了一场大学篮球赛，发现自己的学生在球场上跑来跑去。故选D。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨天在逛超市的时候，我意外地遇到了一个以前的学生，他递给我一张他22岁时创办的公司的名片。A. unavidably不可避免地；B. unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地；C. uncnditinally无条件地；D. unquestiningly 不犹豫地， 绝对地。根据“Walking thrugh a supermarket yesterday(昨天在逛超市的时候)”可知，作者在逛超市的时候，意外地遇到了一个以前的学生。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一名学生说他正在申请霍华德大学的法学院。A. habit习惯；B. frm形成；C. hpe希望；D. prcess过程。根据“applying fr law schl at Hward University (申请霍华德大学的法学院)”可知，另一名学生说他正在申请霍华德大学的法学院。故选D。
29．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，我几乎每周都能遇到有类似成功故事的以前的学生。A. came acrss碰见；B. picked up捡起；C. calmed dwn平静；D. turned t转向。根据“Walking thrugh a supermarket yesterday, I 7 encuntered a frmer student, wh handed me a business card fr the cmpany he started, at age twenty-tw. (昨天在逛超市的时候，我意外地遇到了一个以前的学生，他递给我一张他22岁时创办的公司的名片)”可知，作者在讲述自己碰到学生的经历。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到他们的成功，知道自己能为他们的成功做出一点小小的贡献，这是最大的回报。A. change改变；B. cntributin贡献；C. prpsal提议，建议；D. chance机会。根据“t their success(为他们的成功)”可知，作者教书，为他们的成功做出了一份贡献。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. help帮助；B. praise赞扬；C. reward报酬；D. respnse回应。根据“Seeing their success and knwing that I was able t make a small 10 t their success(看到他们的成功，知道自己能为他们的成功做出一点小小的贡献)”可知，作者为他们的成功做出一点小小的贡献，看到他们的成功作者认为是最大的回报。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些光荣的时刻激励着我继续希望在每个孩子的生命中发挥作用。A. pressure压力；B. blck阻碍；C. fuel刺激，加剧；D. crner角落。根据“t cntinue hping t play a rle in the life f every child(我继续希望在每个孩子的生命中发挥作用)”可知，光荣的时刻激励着作者继续在每个孩子的生命中发挥作用。故选C。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，当我看着我现在的学生在课堂上学习时，我试着想象他们十年后会做什么。A. current现行的，当前的；B. regular定期的；C. tp顶端的，顶部的；D. average平均的。根据“wrking in class(在课堂上学习)”可知，作者指的是现在的学生。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. realize意识到；B. picture想象；绘画，拍摄；C. cnfirm证实；D. dubt怀疑。根据“what they will be ding ten years frm nw.(十年后他们会做什么)”可知，作者想象学生十年后会做什么。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会拿我的事业去换别的。我每天都在触摸未来。A. charge充电；B. prepare准备；C. prvide提供；D. trade贸易，交换。根据“I literally tuch the future every day(我每天都在触摸未来)”可知，作者不会拿自己的事业去换别的。故选D。
36．Made 37．t celebrate 38．is believed 39．varieties 40．its 41．where 42．went 43．directly 44．the 45．as
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西瓜的发源与其价值。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种水果几乎92%的成分是水，富含维生素A、维生素C和抗氧化剂。be made f...为固定短语，意为“由……组成”；分析句子可知，句中make是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the fruit间为被动关系，表示“这种水果是几乎由92%的水组成”，应用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Made。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃几片西瓜来庆祝这个美味的节日吧。分析句子，celebrate是非谓语动词，“(celebrate) this delicius hliday”是“Get yurself a few slices f watermeln”的目的，应用不定式t celebrate作目的状语。故填t celebrate。
38．考查动词时态语态。句意：西瓜是一种古老的食物，被认为起源于非洲。分析句子可知，believe(认为)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词an ancient fd)之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is believed。
39．考查名词。句意：今天，各种各样的水果生长在世界上温暖的地方。varieties f...是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
40．考查代词。句意：由于西瓜含水量高，是一种解渴的水果。根据句意，提示词作定语修饰名词词组high water cntent，应用形容性物主代词its。故填its。
41．考查定语从句。句意：实上，在喀拉哈里沙漠，西瓜被称为“tsamma”，它是干旱炎热季节的主要水源之一。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Kalahari Desert，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在喀拉哈里沙漠”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
42．考查动词时态。句意：在过去，人们只在风沙季节穿越沙漠。分析句子可知，g是句中谓语动词，与主语peple之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语In the past，应使用一般过去时态。故填went。
43．考查副词。句意：它的果肉可以直接食用或榨汁食用。提示词修饰动词be eaten，应用副词directly，意为“直接地”。故填directly。
44．考查冠词。句意：在世界上的许多地方，这厚厚的绿色瓜皮被作为一道菜，它的种子被晒干，烘烤，像坚果一样享用。根据上文可知，句中thick green uter指西瓜厚厚的绿色瓜皮，特指，用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
45．考查介词。句意：在世界上的许多地方，这厚厚的绿色瓜皮被作为一道菜，它的种子被晒干，烘烤，像坚果一样享用。serve as...是固定搭配，意为“担任……；充当……”，介词as表示“作为，当”。故填as。
46．Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a student frm Hngxing Middle Schl. I am writing t vlunteer fr 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Here are what my strengths lie in.
First and fremst, I have a gd cmmand f English, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with freigners fluently. Additinally, utging and pen-minded, I can get alng well with peple at hme and abrad. What's mre, I ften act as a vlunteer tur guide t shw freign turists arund, frm which I've gained rich experience.
In a wrd, I firmly believe that I am the very persn yu're lking fr. Lking frward t yur reply at yur earliest cnvenience.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。文章要求考生用英文写一封申请信，希望能够成为冬奥会的志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
优点： strength →advantage
另外：Additinally →besides
总之：in a wrd→ in shrt
寻找：lk fr→ hunt fr
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My name is Li Hua, a student frm Hngxing Middle Schl.
拓展句：My name is Li Hua, a student wh cmes frm Hngxing Middle Schl.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First and fremst, I have a gd cmmand f English, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with freigners fluently. （运用了which 引导的非限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In a wrd, I firmly believe that I am the very persn yu're lking fr. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
47． Eager t participate, I talked t my parents, but they didn't say yes at first. They wrried abut my safety in a freign cuntry and the challenges I might face. I understd their cncerns, but I was determined t make a difference. I assured them f my preparedness and the supprt I wuld have frm the vlunteer grup. After much persuasin, they finally agreed, and I felt a sense f relief and excitement.
Then we wasted n time in getting ready fr ur science teaching. We gathered resurces, planned lessns, and practiced ur teaching techniques. On the day f departure, we were filled with anticipatin and a sense f adventure. Arriving in Hnduras, we were greeted by the warm smiles f the villagers. The children were eager t learn, and their enthusiasm made ur effrts wrthwhile. We taught them abut the wnders f science, and in return, they taught us abut the beauty f their culture and way f life. It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memries.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者受到朋友的启发，对参与志愿者活动产生了浓厚的兴趣，并成功报名参加了前往美国西弗吉尼亚州加里市的志愿者旅行。在那里，作者参与了建设新学校的工作，尽管工作辛苦，但得到了周围人的鼓励和支持，收获了一段难忘的经历。之后，作者决定挑战自己，想参加一次国外的志愿者活动。作者的目的地是中美洲国家洪都拉斯的一个偏远村庄，想教那里的穷孩子科学。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我急切地想参与进来，于是和父母谈了谈，但他们一开始没有同意。”可知，第一段可描写作者劝说父母同意他去国外参加志愿者的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“然后我们没有浪费时间准备我们的科学教学。”可知，第二段可描写作者准备出发和到那里做志愿者的感受。
2.续写线索：父母担心——作者保证——劝说同意——准备出发——受到热情欢迎——留下美好回忆
3.词汇激活
行为类
①担心：wrry abut/be cncerned abut
②决定：determine/decide/make a decisin
③到达：arrive in/get t/reach
情绪类
①松了口气：feel a sense f relief /in relief/sigh f relief
②渴望的：eager/anxius/lnging
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I assured them f my preparedness and the supprt I wuld have frm the vlunteer grup.（省略关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词the supprt）
[高分句型2]. Arriving in Hnduras, we were greeted by the warm smiles f the villagers.（现在分词作状语）
[高分句型3]. It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memries.（运用了强调句）
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
A
C
B
A
C
D
A
D
A
A
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
C
B
C
C
D
F
B
E
A
D
题号
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
答案
C
B
A
D
C
D
B
D
A
B
题号
31
32
33
34
35





答案
C
C
A
B
D