第08讲：阅读理解体裁与命题类型分解-2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

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知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，一般包括：直接信息题、间接信息题。
命题方式 ：
Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the infrmatin in the passage?
Which f the fllwing is nt mentined?
Accrding t the passage, when (where, why, hw, wh, etc. ) ...
词义猜测题也是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。此类题型要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息, 结合学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测, 以及对代词的指代对象准确定位。
命题方式 ：
The wrd “ABC” in the passage prbably means ________.
Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph？
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
The wrd "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers t ____．
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题, 是阅读理解中层次较高的题目,需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。
命题方式 ：
It can be inferred frm the passage that ．
The authr implied（suggested）that．．． ．
It can be cncluded frm the passage that ．
The writer indicates/implies/suggests that ．
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象, 既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。
命题方式 ：
What is the text mainly abut?
What is the best title fr the text?
What's the mainly abut?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/third/.. paragraph?
【要点梳理】
一、细节理解题：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．概括、归纳信息题
【典例】
…
I fund the pre­hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less­used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)．
…
33．What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A．Saving up fr her hliday.
B．Raising mney fr a pr girl.
C．Adding the mney t her fund.
D．Giving the mney t a sick mther.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
二、词义猜测题：
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
【典例】
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
[分析] “a vlunteer stem cell curier”是“Peter Hdes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx”可知，Peter Hdes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
【典例】
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[分析] 根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
三、判断推理题：
推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。
【典例】
It is hard t imagine that many peple are stupid enugh t want children because it lks s fantastic — mst adults understand that a baby is nt a haircut. But it is interesting t wnder if the images we see every week f stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthd aren’t in sme small, subcnscius way cntributing t ur wn dissatisfactins with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part f us hped getting a part f the way celebrities live might make us lk just a little bit like them.
66. Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Having children cntributes little t the glamur f celebrity mms.
B. Celebrity mms have influenced ur attitude twards child raising.
C. Having children intensifies ur dissatisfactin with life.
D. We smetimes neglect the happiness frm child raising.
【答案】 66. B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But it is interesting t wnder if the images we see every week f stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthd aren’t in sme small, subcnscius way cntributing t ur wn dissatisfactins with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part f us hped getting a part f the way celebrities live might make us lk just a little bit like them.(但有趣的是，我们想知道，我们每周看到的无压力、提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满，就像我们中有一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能会让我们看起来有点像他们)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。故选B。
四、主旨大意题：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
【典例】
Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transitin — has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23­galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
…
28．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The basic data f the Transitin.
B．The advantages f flying cars.
C．The ptential market fr flying cars.
D．The designers f the Transitin.
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括段意
该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车the Transitin的相关情况：
①制造商：Terrafugia Inc.
②首飞成功：cmpleted its first flight
③上市时间：within the next year
④飞车名字：the Transitin
⑤飞车构成：tw seats, fur wheels and wings
⑥飞行时速：arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air
⑦耗油：5 gallns per hur in the air; On the grund, 35 miles per galln
由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车the Transitin的一些基本数据。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
[答案] A
【典例】
T ften, we measure ur wrth nt by the results we achieve, but by hw much f ur time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel gd abut urselves.
66. What des the passage mainly cncerned with?
A. The measurement f wealth in the current sciety.
B. The evlutin f peple’s attitude twards busyness.
C. The hidden reasns and effects f peple’s busyness.
D. The slutin t priritizing the crucial tasks in busyness.
【答案】 66. C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段T ften, we measure ur wrth nt by the results we achieve, but by hw much f ur time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel gd abut urselves.“很多时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活，至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故选C。
【典例】
China’s plicy f planting trees is likely playing a significant rle in tempering its climate impacts. An internatinal team has identified tw areas in the cuntry where the scale f carbn dixide absrptin by new frests has been underestimated. Taken tgether, these areas accunt fr a little ver 35% f China’s entire land carbn “sink”, the grup says.
66. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. Greenhuse Gas Emissin Largely Reduced
B. Rles f Carbn Sinks Prved by New Study
C. China’s Frest Carbn Absrptin Underestimated
D. Climate Impacts Balanced Due t China’s Affrestatin
【答案】 66. C
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“China’s plicy f planting trees is likely playing a significant rle in tempering its climate impacts. An internatinal team has identified tw areas in the cuntry where the scale f carbn dixide absrptin by new frests has been underestimated. Taken tgether, these areas accunt fr a little ver 35% f China’s entire land carbn “sink”, the grup says.(中国的植树政策可能在缓和气候影响方面发挥了重要作用。一个国际小组已经在该国确定了两个地区，这些地区的新森林吸收二氧化碳的规模被低估了。该组织称，这些地区加起来占中国整个土地碳“汇”的35%多一点。)”可知，本文主要讲的是中国森林碳汇的规模被低估以及关于中国森林碳汇的新的研究，因此最好的题目是C选项“China’s Frest Carbn Absrptin Underestimated(中国森林碳吸收被低估)”，故选C。
课堂精练
演练
（上师大附中2024学年第一学期期中考试）
It’s nrmal fr yung children t cheat when they’re playing bard games. As they grw lder, they realize that the fun is actually in taking part in the game, nt necessarily in winning it. By the time they reach their teens, they have usually learned nt t cheat. Sadly, this was nt the case fr a player in a natinal bard game champinship held annually in the US. The player wanted t win s much that he turned t cheating.
The bard game was Scrabble. In the game, players have t make wrds frm individual letters n small squares called “tiles,” and then put the wrds n a bard. Tw f the mst useful tiles in the game are the blanks, which are tiles withut any letters n them. A blank isn’t wrth any pints, but a player can use it t replace any letter f the alphabet.
The cheater in this particular cmpetitin was a 15-year-ld by frm Orland, Flrida. He had surprised rganizers in the early stages f the cmpetitin by beating sme f the best players, despite the fact that he had never played in cmpetitins befre. This made sme f the ther players suspicius, including the man wh caught him, 43-year-ld Arthur Mre. Mre had already played the by the day befre, and Mre had wn the game, althugh the by had had bth f the blank tiles. In Scrabble, befre a new game starts, the players put the tiles frm the previus game back int a small bag. This time, Mre had a gd lk at the tiles n the table befre he and his ppnent put them in the bag t start the game. He was nt surprised t see that the tw blanks were tgether n the table in frnt f the by. As the tw players were putting the tiles int the bag. Mre watched the by’s left hand. He saw the by pick up the tw blanks, and put his hand under the table. This was the signal fr Mre t call ne f the rganizers and accuse the by f cheating.
When the by was taken away fr questining, he admitted t taking the tw blanks during the game and hiding them under the table. As a result f his cheating, the cmpetitin directr disqualified him and banned him frm playing in the cmpetitin again.
36. Accrding t the passage, why d yung children cheat in bard games?
A. They are eager t win.B. They dislike the games.
C. They dn’t knw what cheating is.D. They dn’t want t take part in the games.
37. Why are the tw blank tiles mst useful in Scrabble?
A. They are the mst bvius tiles in the game.
B. Players can decide hw many pints they are wrth.
C. Players earn mre pints if they leave the tiles unused.
D. They can be used when players dn’t have the right letter.
38. The wrd “suspicius” (in paragraph 3) mst prbably means “________”.
A. supprtiveB. disappintedC. mistrustfulD. hnured
39. Hw did the by cheat?
A. By putting the tiles int his wn bag.B. By hiding the blank tiles fr future use.
C. By cperating with his ppnent secretly.D. By lying that he had never played the game.
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国每年举办的一项全国棋盘游戏锦标赛中，一个男孩在比赛中作弊的事件。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s nrmal fr yung children t cheat when they’re playing bard games. As they grw lder, they realize that the fun is actually in taking part in the game, nt necessarily in winning it.(小孩子在玩棋盘游戏时作弊是很正常的现象。随着他们年龄的增长，他们会意识到，游戏的乐趣其实在于参与过程，而不一定在于获胜。)”可知，小孩子作弊的原因可能是因为他们渴望获胜。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A blank isn’t wrth any pints, but a player can use it t replace any letter f the alphabet.(空白块本身没有分数，但玩家可以用它来代替字母表中的任何字母。)”可知，在《拼字游戏》中，当玩家没有正确的字母来完成一个单词时，空白块可以用来代替任何字母，因此它们是最有用的。故选D。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“This made sme f the ther players suspicius,(这让其他选手产生了……。)”可推测，这让其他选手产生了某种情绪。再根据下文“including the man wh caught him, 43-year-ld Arthur Mre.(包括发现他作弊的43岁Arthur Mre在内)”可推测，Arthur Mre抓住他作弊，由此可知，其他选手产生了怀疑。由此可知，划线单词和“怀疑的”意思相似。选项A“supprtive(支持的)”；选项B“disappinted(失望的)”；选项C“mistrustful(不信任的)”；选项D“hnured(荣幸的)”。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He saw the by pick up the tw blanks, and put his hand under the table. This was the signal fr Mre t call ne f the rganizers and accuse the by f cheating.(他看见男孩拿起了两个空白块，并把手放在了桌子下面。这就是摩尔叫来一位组织者，指责男孩作弊。)”以及第四段“When the by was taken away fr questining, he admitted t taking the tw blanks during the game and hiding them under the table. As a result f his cheating, the cmpetitin directr disqualified him and banned him frm playing in the cmpetitin again.(当男孩被带走问话时，他承认在游戏过程中拿走了两个空白块，并将它们藏在了桌子下面。由于作弊，比赛主管取消了他的参赛资格，并禁止他再次参加这项比赛。)”可知，男孩的作弊方式是把空白块藏起来以备后用。故选B。
（市西中学2024学年第一学期期中考试）
40. New rules f tipping are recmmended because .
A. the pandemic has driven many businesses t financial ruin
B. sme peple have t wrk frm hme withut interactin
C. custmers dismiss the ld standards as unfair t themselves
D. sme ld tipping standards can’t help sme service wrkers ut nw
41. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Tip every wrker fairly in case sme may keep the mney t himself.
B. The mre yu tip, the better service yu will receive.
C. Writing a review nline is highly recmmended t express gratitude.
D. There is n need t tip the bss because he desn’t prvide any service.
42. did best in tipping accrding t the recmmended rules.
A. GinnaB. JanC. SusanD. Linn
【答案】40. D 41. C 42. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍小费的新规定及一些行业的小费新规定。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The pandemic has been particularly hard n peple wh wrk fr tips. Sme haven’t been able t d their jbs at all, while thers dn’t interact with custmers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lt f peple t suffer. Meanwhile, many custmers felt the need t tip mre because f the new risks and hardships that essential service wrkers suddenly faced. (新冠对依靠小费工作的人来说尤其艰难。有些人根本无法完成他们的工作，而另一些人则无法以相同的方式与顾客互动。无论哪种情况，小费都会枯竭，导致很多人受苦。与此同时，因为基本服务人员突然面临新的风险和困难，许多顾客觉得有必要给更多的小费。)”可知，新冠使服务人员工作艰难，一些旧的小费标准现在无法帮助一些服务人员。所以建议使用新的小费规则，帮助服务人员应对困难，故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Think utside the (cash) bx.部分“Yu can als “tip” with a thank-yu nte r a hmemade gift when a business (r yur budget) desn’t permit gratuities. Cnsider writing a review nline, making sure t name names. (当公司或你的预算不允许给小费时，你也可以用感谢信或自制礼物。考虑在线撰写评论，确保署名。)”可知，可以在线撰写评论以表达感激之情。故C项正确。根据Give mre if yu can.部分“It’s cmmn fr tips t be divided between all the wrkers at a stre r restaurant, nt just thse wh interact directly with custmers. (通常，小费分配给商店或餐厅的所有员工，而不仅仅是直接与客户互动的员工。)”可知，小费分配给所有员工，但文章并未说明为什么这样做，故排除A项。根据Treat business wners differently.部分“A practice f the past, tipping the bss separately is n lnger necessary. But if she serves yu, tip her as yu wuld any f her wrkers. (过去的做法，不再需要单独给老板小费。但是，如果她为你服务，就像你给她的工人一样给她小费。)”可知，如果老板为你服务，你需要给老板小费，故D项错误。文章未提及B项内容。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据Restaurant wrkers部分“Tip: 15 t 20 percent when yu dine in, and 10 t 15 percent n takeut r delivery rders. (小费：堂食时为15%至20%，外卖或外卖订单为10%至15%。)”可知，订外卖需要给工作人员小费，A项错误。根据Package delivery drivers部分“And FedEx prhibits emplyees frm accepting cash r cash equivalents (such as gift cards). (联邦快递禁止员工接受现金或现金等价物，如礼品卡。)”可知，无需给联邦快递员工小费，B项错误。根据Flwer delivery drivers部分“Yu can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, s if yu’re lucky enugh t get such a delivery, pass the gdwill alng in the frm f a tip. (你不能假设送礼者已经给小费了，所以如果你有幸收到这样的快递，请以小费的形式传递善意。)”可知，需要给送花人小费，而不是给园丁小费，C项错误。根据Ride-share drivers部分“Tip: 15 t 20 percent. (小费：15%到20%)”可知，需要给司机15%到20%的小费。即$15*15%=$2.25/$15*20%=3$。D项正确，故选D。
课后反馈
演练
记叙文或新闻报道类
（2024年青浦区二模）
I was sitting in my high schl classrm, nervusly tapping my pencil against the desk as I awaited the start f the English exam.
As the clck struck, signaling the beginning f the exam, my heart began t race. I pened the exam bklet and scanned the questins, and I felt a wave f panic ver me. The questins seemed freign, and the tpics unfamiliar. In a state f panic, I hurriedly wrte dwn my answers, hping that smehw, by sme strke f luck, they wuld be crrect. But as the minutes went by, I realized I culdn’t seem t make sense f the questins befre me. As the final bell rang, I handed in my paper with a heavy heart.
In the days that fllwed, I culdn’t shake the feeling f failure that hung ver me like a dark clud. I replayed the exam ver and ver in my mind, analyzing every questin, every answer, searching fr clues as t where I had gne wrng.
But in the depressin, a realizatin began t dawn n me — I had failed, yes, but I had als learned valuable lessns alng the way. Armed with this newfund wisdm, I ensured that I wuld d better next time. I threw myself int my studies with renewed determinatin, devuring bks and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never knwn befre.
When the time came t retake the exam, I was ready. I apprached each questin with cnfidence and clarity, drawing upn the lessns I had learned frm my previus missteps.
When the results were annunced, I held my breath as I scanned the list f names. And there it was — my name, shining brightly amng the list f successful candidates. At that mment, all the hard wrk, all the late nights and early mrnings, were wrth it.
And as I lk back n that sunny afternn in the high schl classrm, I am grateful fr the lessns it taught me, and the persn it helped me becme.
56. Why did the authr panic when he first tk the exam?
A. He sat with a punding heart.
B. He fund the questins t difficult.
C. He was nt familiar with the freign language.
D. He was in a hurry when answering the questins.
57. What did the authr d after he failed in the exam?
A. He attended valuable lessns in schl.
B. He retk the exam ver and ver again.
C. He prmised t arm himself with eagerness.
D. He determined t engage himself in learning.
58. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “devuring” (paragraph 4)?
A. being targeted atB. being bliged fr
C. being absrbed inD. being credited t
59. Accrding t the passage, this experience helped the authr becme _____.
A. cheerful and cnsiderateB. bjective and demanding
C. tugh and perseveringD. prud and tlerant
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. C 59. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从一次考试失败的经历中变得坚韧不拔的故事。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段中“I pened the exam bklet and scanned the questins, and I felt a wave f panic ver me. The questins seemed freign, and the tpics unfamiliar. (我打开考试手册，浏览了一下问题，我感到一阵恐慌。这些问题似乎很陌生，话题也很陌生。)”可知，他觉得这些问题太难了，所以参加考试时惊慌失措。故选B。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段中“I threw myself int my studies with renewed determinatin, devuring bks and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never knwn befre. (我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。)”可知，作者考试不及格后决心专心学习。故选D。
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“I threw myself int my studies with renewed determinatin (我以全新的决心投入到学习中)”可知，作者以全新的决心投入到学习中，全神贯注于书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。划线词的含义为“全神贯注于”。A. being targeted at针对；B. being bliged fr因某事而感谢；C. being absrbed in全神贯注于；D. being credited t归功于。故选C。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“But in the depressin, a realizatin began t dawn n me — I had failed, yes, but I had als learned valuable lessns alng the way. Armed with this newfund wisdm, I ensured that I wuld d better next time. I threw myself int my studies with renewed determinatin, devuring bks and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never knwn befre. (但在沮丧中，我开始意识到——我失败了，是的，但我也在这条路上学到了宝贵的教训。有了这个新发现的智慧，我保证下次我会做得更好。我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。)”和第六段中“At that mment, all the hard wrk, all the late nights and early mrnings, were wrth it. (在那一刻，所有的努力工作，所有的熬夜和早起，都是值得的。)”可知，这段经历帮助作者成为坚韧而坚持不懈的人。故选C。
应用文或说明文类
（2024年奉贤区二模）
WORLD 2024
Fr the first time, members f the public will be able t run their wn marathn during the 2024 Summer Olympics, just ne initiative aimed at creating a mre inclusive Games. Held in the evening between the men’s and wmen’s fficial races, the Marathn Games will allw 20,024 qualifying lttery (彩票) winners n the 26-mile rute that links Paris and Versailles.
Guidebks peak f Kyt as frzen in time, with quiet temples and peaceful gardens. But after hurs, Japan’s ancient capital reveals a live music scene. Rck, swing, and even Irish music ech int the night. Whatever yu’re int, frm jazz t punk, there’s a cmmunity fr yu t share. “This is what happens in Japan when the mask cmes ff,” says Kyt guide Van Miltn.
Lng as a means f transprt actin, hunting and explratin, skiing is still a way f life in the muntainus republic f Gergia. Nw visitrs can enjy sme f the natin's best back-cuntry skiing in the Caucasus. In Svaneti, jurneys may lead skiers thrugh Gvibari Pass r t Ushguli village.
Algeria is hme t Africa’s largest natinal park, which hlds ne f the wrld's greatest cncentratins f ancient rck art. Tassilin’ Ajjer Natinal Park is a gelgic wnderland, but these rck frests are nly half the stry. Nelithic (新石器时代的) hunter-gatherers left 15,000 rck carvings here, including images f elephants and giraffes. These animals are mre cmmnly assciated with sub-Saharan Africa — a hint that this deserted wilderness was nce a fertile grassland.
40. As a student wh is fnd f sprts, where is Jane mst likely t visit during the summer vacatin?
A. GergiaB. KytC. AlgeriaD. Paris
41. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Everyne can enter fr the Marathn Games in the summer f 2024.
B. Kyt features the peaceful daytime and energetic nightlife.
C. Visitrs wrldwide can enjy skiing in Gergia all year rund.
D. Rck carvings in Algeria werc created by artists t attract turists.
42. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. It presents attractins in different regins f the wrld.
B. It shws the beauty f rural landscapes arund the wrld.
C. It lists the mst ppular places f interest in the wrld.
D. It discvers the hidden treasures in western cultures.
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴黎、京都、乔治亚州以及阿尔及利亚四个地方的魅力。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Fr the first time, members f the public will be able t run their wn marathn during the 2024 Summer Olympics, just ne initiative aimed at creating a mre inclusive Games. Held in the evening between the men’s and wmen’s fficial races, the Marathn Games will allw 20,024 qualifying lttery (彩票) winners n the 26-mile rute that links Paris and Versailles. (在2024年夏季奥运会期间，公众将首次能够参加自己的马拉松比赛，这只是旨在打造一届更具包容性的奥运会的一项举措。马拉松比赛在男子和女子官方比赛之间的晚上举行，将允许20024名符合资格的彩票获胜者参加连接巴黎和凡尔赛的26英里路线。)”可知，作为一个喜欢运动的学生，简在暑假期间最有可能去巴黎。故选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Guidebks peak f Kyt as frzen in time, with quiet temples and peaceful gardens. But after hurs, Japan’s ancient capital reveals a live music scene. Rck, swing, and even Irish music ech int the night. Whatever yu’re int, frm jazz t punk, there’s a cmmunity fr yu t share. (旅游指南书中京都的巅峰就像被时间冻结了一样，有安静的寺庙和宁静的花园。但几个小时后，日本古都呈现出现场音乐场景。摇滚，摇摆，甚至爱尔兰音乐在夜晚回荡。)”可推知，京都的特点是宁静的白天和充满活力的夜生活。故选B。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了巴黎、京都、乔治亚州以及阿尔及利亚四个地方的魅力。可知，这篇文章的主旨是它展示了世界不同地区的吸引力。故选A。

（2024学年向明中学9月学科检测）
Rad Bike Vs Hybrid Bike — Chsing the Right Bike
Rad bikes are all abut speed and perfrmance, aiming t be the quickest bike pssible. Hybrid bikes take characteristics frm bth rad and muntain bikes. Is ne better than the ther? We’ll unpack everything there is t knw abut them and hw they differ.
Perfrmance
Rad bikes are mre perfrmance-driven. The weight f frame plays a big part in a bike’s speed. The industry standard fr building the lightest bikes is t cnstruct carbn fiber frames. While aluminum bike frames are nly a half-pund t a pund heavier, that difference can g a lng way. A majrity f rad bikes are built with carbn and a majrity f hybrids are built with aluminum r steel.
Cmfrt
The hybrid wins the cmfrt battle. One f the quickest ways t distinguish a hybrid bike frm a rad bike is by lking at the handlebars. Hybrids typically cme with flat bars making the stability and turning easy and cmfrtable. Whereas the drp bars cmmnly fund n a rad bike can be challenging t stabilize fr inexperienced cyclists.
Cmpnents
A bike’s cmpnents include brakes, shifters, chain, etc. Althugh there can be high-end cmpnents n hybrids and lw-end cmpnents n rad bikes it desn’t typically shake ut t be that way. Expect hybrids t be equipped with lwer-end cmpnents and rad bikes t be equipped with the higher end nes.
Turing
Bth bikes can be used fr turing. But hybrid bike frames are typically mre durable fr lng multi-day adventures because they can sustain the extra weight f luggage, say, pannier (货篮) bags fr camping vacatins.
Befre purchasing, be sure t lcate a lcal bike rental shp t get familiar with a bike. Testing ut a bike in the parking lt f a bike shp wn’t d yur purchase justice. Instead, be sure t take the rad bike vs hybrid battle t the streets. N matter which bike yu chse yu are guaranteed t enjy yur rides knwing that yu’ve picked the best bike fr yu.
40. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. Cmpared with carbn fiber frames, aluminum bike frames are a half-pund t a pund heavier and dn’t result in much difference in speed.
B. It’s nt cmmn t see lw-end cmpnents n hybrids and high-end cmpnents n rad bikes.
C. Befre purchasing a bike, taking it t the parking lt f a bike shp t test ut is nt recmmended by the authr.
D. Hybrids have an edge ver rad bikes nly frm the perspective f cmfrt.
41. Jack, an inexperienced cyclist, chses t buy a hybrid bike instead f a rad bike fr his five-day adventurus trip pssibly because________.
A. a hybrid bike has an additinal drp bar t keep balance
B. a rad bike is nt suitable fr turing
C. a rad bike challenges a rider’s flexibility
D. a hybrid bike can sustain mre weight
42. What’s the purpse f the passage?
A. An advertisement fr a bike rental shp.
B. A paper analyzing the differences between tw kinds f bikes.
C. A guide n hw t chse between tw kinds f bikes.
D. News n rad bikes and hybrid bikes.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是公路自行车和混合动力自行车在性能、舒适度、配件和旅行时的特点，以便消费者选择合适的自行车。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Testing ut a bike in the parking lt f a bike shp wn’t d yur purchase justice.(在自行车店的停车场里测试一辆自行车是不公平的。)”可知，在自行车店的停车场测试自行车对消费者来说是不公平的，由此可知，作者不建议在自行车店的停车场测试自行车。故选C项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Turing部分中的“But hybrid bike frames are typically mre durable fr lng multi-day adventures because they can sustain the extra weight f luggage, say, pannier (货篮) bags fr camping vacatins.(但混合动力自行车的车架通常更耐用，适合多天的长途旅行，因为它们可以承受额外的行李重量，比如露营度假用的货篮包。)”可知，混合动力自行车能承受额外的行李重量，所以，一个没有经验的自行车手，选择买一辆混合动力自行车而不是公路自行车为他的五天冒险之旅可能是因为混合动力自行车能承受额外的行李重量。故选D项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段“Rad bikes are all abut speed and perfrmance, aiming t be the quickest bike pssible. Hybrid bikes take characteristics frm bth rad and muntain bikes. Is ne better than the ther? We’ll unpack everything there is t knw abut them and hw they differ.(公路自行车都是关于速度和性能，旨在成为最快的自行车。混合动力自行车兼有公路自行车和山地车的特点。一个比另一个好吗？我们将揭开关于它们的一切，以及它们的不同之处。)”以及文章的标题“Rad Bike Vs Hybrid Bike – Chsing the Right Bike(公路自行车Vs混合动力自行车——选择合适的自行车)”可知，本文介绍了公路自行车和混合动力自行车的特点，以便消费者选择合适的自行车，所以本文的目的是关于如何在两种自行车之间进行选择的指南。故选C项。
【2023年1月春考(A篇)】
外刊来源：
Until I was six,my family lived in a rural part f the state, in the remte Alaska native village f Frt Yukn, abut 140 air miles frm the nearest Judy's(快餐店)，dwn in Fairbanks.
We didn't have running water in Frt Yukn, but we had a TV, and during the time we lived up there, The Wizard f Oz was bradcast nce a year. I was transfixed by the mvie, by this little girl's ability t travel frm her dull, rural hme t a shining,magical kingdm filled with wnders. I culd relate t Drthy, had even nce flwn ver a rainbw n the way int Fairbanks, and t me, Oz perfectly illustrated the wrld beynd ur tiny twn, what it was, what it meant.
Besides The Wizard f Oz, the ther thing that taught me abut the real wrld utside Frt Yukn was Judy's. I wuld nearly press my nse t the screen whenever a Judy's cmmercial came n. I wuld scan the cmmercials fr every tiny detail abut what life was like when yu lived smewhere where there was a Judy's: sunshine, happy music, peple ate fd in brightly clred packages and lived in huses with sidewalks and lawns.
We went int Fairbanks a few times each year; whenever we flew in a visit t Judy's was almst guaranteed. Ging int Fairbanks and eating at Judy's cnferred status.
But the truth is, the fd hardly even mattered. Being at Judy's meant that I was in a city big enugh t have ne. That wrld lked nthing like what I saw in Frt Yukn. But if I culd fit in at Judy's, I culd fit int the bigger wrld, I thught. It tk leaving fr me t understand that nne f this was true, that life is hard everywhere, that if yu thught yu weren't happy withut Judy's , yu wuldn't be happy with it.
After we mved t Fairbanks,even thugh Judy's was right there, we didn't g much anymre, I dn't remember minding. Judy's, I sn learned, was cnvenient fr peple in Fairbanks mre than it was special, and we culdn't affrd nt t plan ahead. Peple ate there if they culdn't g t nicer restaurants.
Despite the newfund pleasures f Fairbanks, it didn't take lng fr hmesickness t set in.I nw missed Frt Yukn as much as I used t want t g t Judy's; that is t say,pwerfully.I missed the wd smky way Frt Yukn smells, the way the light slants hard right up n the Arctic Circle, the way everyne knws everyne else. I missed the cziness f the missin huse,the nks I curled up in t read, the way all my friends were within walking distance.I missed the village grandmas, wh lved all children as if they were their wn.
56. What did the authr learn frm TV when they lived n Frt Yukn?
A. They learned abut the furnishings f the restaurant.
B. They learned abut a variety f delicius fd that they had never eaten befre.
C. They learned abut the prductin prcess f the Wizard f Oz film.
D. They learned abut the wrld utside f the twn.
57. What des the underlined wrd in the fifth paragraph refer t?
A.Adapting t Judy's, yu can get a fthld in a big city.
B. Judy's is very ppular with migrant wrkers in every city.
C. Weekend life withut Judy's fd can be extremely difficult.
D. Judy's has a pivtal rle in fast-paced cities.
58. What was their attitude twards Judy's when they mved t Fairbanks?
A. They almst stpped visiting fast-fd restaurants.
B. They still yearned fr the fast fd restaurants.
C. They quit the habit f eating fast fd in Judy's.
D. They chse healthier fds instead f fast fd.
59. What is the last paragraph f the passage abut?
A. The review f daily wrk.
B.The nstalgia(怀旧)fr their hme twn.
C. The transitin in lifestyle.
D. The way f daily cmmute.
【答案】56-59 DAAB
【导读】这篇文章讲述了作者小时候在阿拉斯加原住民村庄 Frt Yukn 的生活。虽然他们没有自来水，但有电视机，每年可以看到《绿野仙踪》。作者对电影中的故事情节非常着迷，因为它展示了一个比 Frt Yukn 更大更灿烂的世界。此外，Judy's 快餐店的广告也使作者向往城市的生活，渴望能够在那里适应。然而，随着时间的流逝，作者离开 Frt Yukn 去了 Fairbanks，并发现了 Judy's 并不那么特别，也不能让人真正快乐。最后，作者意识到无论在哪里，生活都有困难，而他深深怀念着 Frt Yukn 的家乡和亲人。
【解析】
56.D【解析]根据文章第二段最后一句中的and t me, Oz perfectly illustrated the wrld beynd ur tiny twn, what it was, what it meant和第三段第一句中的the ther thing that taught me abut the real wrld utside Frt Yukn was Judy's可知，当他们居住在育空堡(Frt Yukn)时，他们从电视上了解到了外面的世界，故选D.
57.A【解析]根据第五段第四句提及的But if I culd fit in at Judy's(快餐店),I culd fit int the bigger wrld, I thught.可推知，该句中的this指代的是作者认为“但如果我能适应朱迪餐厅，我就能适应更大的世界”，故选A。
58.A【解析]根据倒数第二段第一句提及的After we mved t Fairbanks, even thugh Judy's was right there, we didn't g much anymre.可知，在他们搬到 Fairbanks(费尔班克斯)后，尽管朱迪就在那里，但他们也不怎么去了，故选A。
59.B【解析]根据文章最后一段第一句提及的Despite the newfund pleasures f Fairbanks, it didn't take lng fr hmesickness t set in.和该段讲述的相关内容可推知，文章最后一段讲述的内容与作者的思乡情感有关，故选B。
【2022年1月春考(B篇)】
Summer Camp Rules
Whether it s yur child's first year at camp , r they are a seasned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a gd idea t g ver summer camp rules and guidelines befre leaving fr camp. Camp rules are in place l keep the camp cmmunity safe and camp peratins running smthly thrughut their stay.
Keep Yur Persnal Space Clean
Since yur child will be in clse quarters with many ther campers , it’s imprtant that they understand the necessity f keeping their sleeping and living areas rganized.
G ver ways fr yur child t stay rganized and tidy befre they leave fr camp. When packing, make sure t prvide a laundry bag t keep clean and dirty clthing separate. Utilize under bed space r put clthes n yur shelves r cabinets rather than living ut f yur suitcase r camp trunk.
It als helps t nt ver pack. Fllw packing list guidelines clsely s yur child can find what they need withut having t dig thrugh piles f clthing that were nt recmmended. This als helps yu child knw what they have in their luggage s they pull ut the sweatshirt when it gets cld. instead f thinking there wasn't ne in their bag. Remind yur child f their camp accunt s they can purchase items frm the camp stre if necessary.
2. Valuables at Camp
As a best practice, we recmmend leaving all valuables at hme, Even if yur child has a bracelet r necklace that they never take ff, there is still the chance that it culd be lst while swimming r participating in camp activities
If yu are thinking abut bringing an expensive item f clthing, be prepared fr it t gel lst r damaged. Yu may be better ff buying a new, less expensive versin. T be n the safe side, dn't let yur child bring anything irreplaceable r emtinally valuable t camp.
3. Play Nice
Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prhibited at summer camp Camp is a place t make friends, s aggressive behavir is nt tlerated. Remind yur child that they dn't have t be everybdy's best friend, but they d have t be friendly t everyne.
Encurage yur child t g int camp with the mindset f making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made mre than a few.
4. Have Fun and Try New Things
At the end f the day, summer camp is abut getting ut f yur cmfrt zne, trying new things, and having a blast. Befre yur child leaves fr camp, cngratulate them fr being brave enugh t try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them knw that they've already wn just by trying, and the fun part is just abut t begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist nly t imprve the verall camp experience and t create a cmmunity f fun.
What is the purpse f clarifying the rules f summer camp?
Enrich children's summer camp peratin
Ensure the safety f children participating in summer camp
Cultivate children's ability t survive in the wild
Help children develp gd cleaning habits
61.Which f the fllwing behavirs is advcated by the summer camp?
A. Take yur favrite valuables
B Fight with camping friends
C. Avid participating in hazardus activities
D. Keep persnal camping supplies in rder
62. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Enjy the unique fun brught by new things
B. Make gd friends wherever yu are
C. Fllw the rules f summer camp
D. Get enugh sleep befre camping
【答案】60-62 BDC
【导读】本文介绍了夏令营的一些规则和指导方针，旨在保证孩子们的安全，并使夏令营活动顺利进行。文章强调了保持个人空间的整洁、不带贵重物品、友好相处、尝试新事物和享受夏令营乐趣的重要性。
【详解】
60.B[解析]根据文章第一段最后一句提及的 Camp rules are in place t keep the camp cmmunity safe and camp peratins running smthly thrughut their stay 可知，明确夏令营规则主要是为了确保营地社区的安全，并保证营地在整个逗留期可平稳远行，换言之就是为了确保参与露营孩子的个人安全，B 项表述正确，故达B。
61.D[解析]根据文章第五段第一句提及的 As a best practice, we recmmend leaving all valuables at hme 可知，夏营并不希望人们随身携带贵重物品，而应汽指贵业物品留在家中，A项不是夏今营提倡的行为;根据文章第七段提及的Name calling, lighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prhibited at summer camp可知，夏令营严禁辱骂、打架、欺凌和争吵等行为，B 项的行为是被夏令营所禁的:项文未明确挑及，根据文靠第二段提及的 it's imprtant that they understand the necessity f keeping their sleeping and living areas rganized 和下 天内容可知，保持个人路营用品的整洁有序是夏令营所提倡的行为，D 项表述正确，选D。
62.C[解折]根期整篇文章内容分析，本文主要讲述和介绍了在参加夏令营时需要追守的机关规则，由此可知C项的“进守夏令营的规则”这一表述正确，其余选现难以概括全文且部分装述有误，故选 C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：Gergia, sell, bjects
锁信息
定位：用Gergia，sell，bjects寻读，在文中找到信息源——She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
选项
选项意思
定位
A
为她的假期储蓄。
曲解文意
B
为一个贫困女孩募捐。
曲解文意
C
把钱放入她的基金。
同义替换
D
把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。
无中生有
[分析] 选C 比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题。故选C。
A
飞车the Transitin的基本数据。
A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。
涵盖性强，覆盖全段
B
飞车的一些优点。
该选项错误在于以下两点：
①该段介绍了名字为the Transitin的飞车；而不是全部飞车(flying cars)。
②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。
无中生有，生搬硬套
C
飞车的潜在市场。
原文没有提及。
无中生有，生搬硬套
D
飞车the Transitin的设计商。
该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。
以偏概全，主次不分
Knw hw much t tip
New rules f gratuities
The pandemic has been particularly hard n peple wh wrk fr tips. Sme haven’t been able t d their jbs at all, while thers dn’t interact with custmers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lt f peple t suffer. Meanwhile, many custmers felt the need t tip mre because f the new risks and hardships that essential service wrkers suddenly faced.
Just as many services have changed, s shuld tipping. Sme ld standards n lnger seem fair, and several newer nes will apply lng after the pandemic is ver.
Sme new rules f tipping that are likely here t stay:
Give mre if yu can.
It’s cmmn fr tips t be divided between all the wrkers at a stre r restaurant, nt just thse wh interact directly with custmers. S giving generusly ensures a fairer tip fr all.
Think utside the (cash) bx.
Yu can als “tip” with a thank-yu nte r a hmemade gift when a business (r yur budget) desn’t permit gratuities. Cnsider writing a review nline, making sure t name names.
Treat business wners differently.
A practice f the past, tipping the bss separately is n lnger necessary. But if she serves yu, tip her as yu wuld any f her wrkers.
As fr specific situatins, here’s what the experts recmmend:
FOOD AND DRINKS
Restaurant wrkers
Old rule: Leave a tip nly when yu dine in.
New rule: Always tip, even fr takeut.
Tip: 15 t 20 percent when yu dine in, and 10 t 15 percent n takeut r delivery rders.
Persnal shppers
Old rule: N/A (Nt applicable). Many f these services, such as grcery pickup, are newer.
New rule: Tip, and d it in the app, since yu are unlikely t interact directly with yur shpper.
Tip: 10 t 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dllars extra.
HOME DELIVERIES
Package delivery drivers
Old rule: Dn’t tip.
New rule: Shw appreciatin if yu get deliveries mre than nce a week.
Tip: Drinks, snacks, r $5 t $20 if a package is particularly heavy r large. Pstal wrkers cannt accept cash r gifts wrth mre than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers t decline tips unless a custmer insists. And FedEx prhibits emplyees frm accepting cash r cash equivalents (such as gift cards).
Flwer delivery drivers
Old rule: The persn wh places the rder tips thse wh deliver flwers (and ther specialty items).
New rule: Yu can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, s if yu’re lucky enugh t get such a delivery, pass the gdwill alng in the frm f a tip.
Tip: $5 t $10.
PERSONAL SERVICES
Ride-share drivers
Old rule: Tip in cash.
New rule: Ask yur driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let yu add gratuities, but sme drivers prefer cash.
Tip: 15 t 20 percent.
Name
Situatin
Tip
Ginna
rder a rast gse ($50) at Kam’s Rasts fr takeut
$0 fr the waiter
Jan
take a delivery f a package frm FedEx (bttled water, 500ml, 24-pack)
$10 fr the FedEx delivery man
Susan
receive a bunch f flwers delivered by a Flwer Plus driver
$5 (cash) fr the gardener
Linn
take a Uber ($15) frm St Vincent’s Hspital t the Central Library
$3 (cash) fr the driver
Run Like Olympians
WHERE
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WHEN
AUGUST
Hear It Live
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Explre Ancient Art
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OCT-NOV