高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration教学演示ppt课件

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration教学演示ppt课件，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了Warm-up，Activity 1，Attr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Build up yur vcabulary
Cmplete the passage using the wrds frm the text.
There are many t__________ and legends abut hw seamen explred the ceans in the past. But hw many f them are reliable? The fact is that they needed multiple ways t keep safe after s__________ sail. 1. Using nature t help is the first and mst useful frm f explratin. This includes the Nrth Star, Sun and cluds. 2. Using the weather. Experienced captains culd see the b__________ between weather and dangers. Either they withdrew the fleets r e__________ their vyage. 3. Using the sea. Skillful sailrs culd use tides and currents t carry ships back t the shre r pass thrugh narrw c__________.These skills helped seamen explre the seas and discvered new lands. They needed nt nly the instruments but als curage and luck.
Write dwn the wrd that matches each definitin. Then find the sentences cntaining these wrds in the text.
1 an imaginary stry r an exciting descriptin f an event2 related t the king r queen f a cuntry3 t reach an agreement by discussin4 t stp taking part in an activity5 t make smething lnger r larger6 a cnnectin between peple7 a level f quality, ability, etc.8 a deep passage f water used as a rute fr ships
1. taleMarc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east.2. ryalAfrican ryal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures f friendship in return fr gld, silk, and spices.3. negtiateHere, merchants frm China and many ther places met t negtiate trade deals, which als led t mre awareness f each ther’s cultures.
马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。
非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。
在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
4. withdraw channelAlthugh China withdrew frm further expeditins after 1433, these land and sea rutes remained active channels between ther cultures fr centuries.5. extendA trading rute acrss the sea was als extended alng the casts f the Indian Ocean, centred arund Ceyln (nw Sri Lanka).6. bndThe aim f this initiative is t encurage cperatin and trade acrss the histric Silk Rad areas, and strengthen the bnds between China and the rest f the wrld.
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
7. leagueThese fleets were a sight t behld and were in a league f their wn at that time.
这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。
Chse the apprpriate wrds frm the bx t cmplete the fllwing sentences.
tale ryal negtiate withdraw extend bnd league channel
1 Their cmmn experience created a strng between them.2 As a majr figure in British plitics, Churchill was in a f his wn.3 The deadline has been by tw days.4 I’m reading a bk abut flk and ancient legends.
Cmplete the sentences with the crrect frms f the phrases in the bx.
a sight t behldin handwithdraw frmin return
1 Henry Nrman Bethune devted his life and prfessin t helping peple withut expecting anything .2 Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean, whse rcky castline and lng glden beaches were .3 The tennis player several turnaments due t injury.4 With lts f fd and drink , they set ff fr their picnic.
a sight t behld
withdrew frm
find ne’s waybredmreach ut acrss the seaset sailfrm the fundatintalemtivate
Cmplete the passage belw with the crrect frms f the wrds in the bx. Then answer the questins.
In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Prtuguese adventurer, made the first vyage arund the wrld. On 14 June 2008, nearly 500 years later, a 16-year-ld American by, Zac Sunderland, n a similar jurney. After 13 mnths, he returned with a new wrld recrd: the yungest persn ever t sail arund the wrld.Zac grew up n a bat and learnt hw t sail when he was fur, which f his success. As a child, Zac read a bk abut Rbin Lee Graham wh had sailed arund the wrld alne as a teenager in 1965. Zac was greatly inspired by Graham’s . After his 16th birthday, Zac started making plans fr his jurney. Using his wn mney, Zac bught a bat and set ff.
frmed the fundatin
is ften a mixture f danger and . Zac had t thrugh heavy strms and get by n little sleep n his jurney. It was bring t stay n a bat all day, s Zac read lts f bks! He als emailed his family using his laptp, telling them abut his experiences arund the wrld.When the jurney ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media cverage. At his press cnference, he talked abut hw passin and curage made his dream cme true. In his pinin, there’s s much that peple can achieve with the right and ambitin. Just g fr it!
Reaching ut acrss the sea
find his way
What prblems did Zac meet in his jurney?
What made Zac’s jurney successful?
Cmpared t the great vyages in histry, is Zac’s vyage meaningful? Why?
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) was brn in Prtugal. In 1505, he set sail fr India. He stayed in Asia fr abut eight years, taking part in the cnquest f the city f Malacca, Malaysia. After returning t Prtugal, he fund that n ne wanted t emply him, s he ffered his services t the king f Spain, setting ut an ambitius plan t reach the Spice Islands f Indnesia by sailing west instead f east—smething which had never been dne befre. He left Spain in 1519 with five ships and 265 men. In this harsh jurney, all but ne f the ships was lst and mst f the men died. Magellan himself was killed in a fight with the natives in the Philippines in 1521. Finally, in 1522, ne f the ships was able t return t Spain with less than twenty men abard.
Review useful structures
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为： 英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如：
名词短语 （nun phrase）动词短语（verb phrase）形容词短语（adjective phrase）副词短语（adverb phrase）介词短语 （prpsitin phrase）
名词短语与名词功能相似，在句子中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要是充当定语、状语、补语。
例如：Mst f the bys in my class like playing ftball.在这个句子中，mst f the bys是名词短语，in my class是介词短语，like playing ftball是动词短语。
短语动词（phrasal verbs）是一种固定的词组，一般由动词加介词或副词构成。常用的短语动词有以下几类：
动词＋副词。如：lk ut, take ff, stay up动词＋介词。如：lk int, attend t, appeal t动词＋副词＋介词。如：get alng with, catch up with, d away with动词＋名词＋介词。如：take part in, take care f, pay attentin t
What are the part f speeches f the given wrds and phrases?
tale ___________________mtivate ___________________bredm ___________________set sail ___________________in hand ___________________in return ___________________
find ne’s way _____________withdraw frm _____________a sight t behld _____________frm the fundatin _____________reach ut acrss the sea _____________
verb phrase
prepsitin phrase
Infinitives 动词不定式
动词不定式的形式与功能 不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“t+动词原形”构成。不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性，可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。句法功能上，动词不定式（短语）与名词、形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补等成分。
（1）作主语：T see is t believe.百闻不如一见。It’s very imprtant t master a freign language.掌握一门外语是很重要的。（it作形式主语）
（2）作表语：The mst imprtant thing fr a dctr is t heal the wunded and save the dying.医生最重要的职责是救死扶伤。The aim f this initiative is t encurage cperatin and trade acrss the histric Silk Rad areas.这一倡议旨在促进具有历史意义的丝绸之路周边地区的合作与贸易。
（3）作宾语：Wuld yu like t watch a ftball game with me?你愿意跟我去看足球赛吗？He finds it very difficult t stand n ne ft fr a lng time.他发现长时间单足站立很困难。（it作形式宾语）
（4）作定语（通常位于所修饰的词之后）：He is always the last ne t leave the ffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。We are very busy and we all have a lt f wrk t d n weekends.我们都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。There is an urgent need t study the Arctic in rder t understand climate change and its effects.为了解气候变化及其影响，北极研究迫在眉睫。
（5）作状语：Many peple rush t the new city t lk fr jb pprtunities.很多人涌入这个新城市来寻找就业机会。A few years later he came hme t find that his hmetwn had greatly changed.几年后他回到家乡发现那里发生了很大变化。
（6）作宾补：She ften helps her mther (t) d sme husewrk n weekends.周末她经常帮妈妈做家务。Miss Li advised us t read sme English nvels during the summer hliday.李老师建议我们暑假读些英语小说。Marc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east.马可·波罗的故事启发了欧洲探险家寻找由西方通往东方的海上航线。
说明：某些动词后用不带t的不定式构成复合宾语，但当整个句子变为被动结构时，不定式要加t。如：
The bss made the wrkers wrk lng hurs.The wrkers were made t wrk lng hurs.
I saw yu climb thrugh the windw.Yu were seen t climb thrugh the windw.
动词不定式的时态和语态 （1）不定式常见时态有三种：
在不同的句子中，我们需要根据不定式动作时间与句子谓语时间的关系来选择不同时态。如：
When we arrived at the riverside, they seemed t be cking smething n the fire.当我们到达河边时，他们好像在用火烤东西吃。I am srry t have kept yu waiting. 抱歉让你久等了。She seems t have read the bk befre. 她好像以前读过这本书。The Dutch may have been the first Eurpeans t have explred Australia.荷兰人可能是最早到澳大利亚探险的欧洲人。
（2）当句子中的不定式与其所关联的名词在语义上有被动关系时，不定式用被动语态。如：
It was impssible fr lst time t be made up.Can yu tell me which car is t be repaired?I wish t be sent t wrk in the western regin.There were s many passengers wh needed t be transferred.It’s a great hnur fr me t be invited t Mary’s birthday party.
Find all the sentences cntaining infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functins.
1 As the subject (S)2 As the predicative (P)3 As the bject(O)4 As the bject cmplement (OC)5 As the attributive (Attr)6 As the adverbial (Ad)
Jin the wrds t make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the functin f each infinitive.
EXAMPLEIt is fun / visit an aquarium / in summer → It is fun t visit an aquarium in summer. (S)
1 He / encuraged me / participate in the surfing cmpetitin
He encuraged me t participate in the surfing cmpetitin.
2 The strm / seems / be getting clser
The strm seems t be getting clser.
3 Magellan / was the first persn / sail arund the wrld
Magellan was the first persn t sail arund the wrld.
4 The UN peacekeeping frce / aims / maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts
The UN peacekeeping frce aims t maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts.
5 The crwd / std / applaud / scientists / fr their imprtant cean research wrk
The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk.
6 It is a gd idea / tax / plastic bttles / s that peple use them less
It is a gd idea t tax plastic bttles s that peple use them less.
7 The Jialng manned submersible / is said / be able / reach 7 km underwater
The Jialng manned submersible is said t be able t reach 7 km underwater.
8 It remains / be seen / whether r nt his capsule can wrk
It remains t be seen whether r nt his capsule can wrk.
Read the beginning f The Little Mermaid and use the prper frms f the verbs in brackets t fill in the blanks. What d yu think happens next?
Far ut in the cean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The cean is t deep ___________ (measure). We may imagine there is nthing except yellw sand under the sea, but actually it is nt rare ___________ (see) the mst unique flwers and plants ___________ (dance) in the fast-mving water. In the
deepest spt f all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls f cral and a rf _______ (frm) f beautiful shells. The mther f the king, a wise wman wh is prud _____________ (be) brn int the ryal family, takes care f his six daughters. Amng the six sea-princesses, the
t have been
yungest is the prettiest. Althugh she has delicate skin like a rse-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has n feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The mst cmmn way fr the princesses _______ (play) all day lng is __________________ (swim) in the halls f the castle r amng the flwers grwing ut f the walls, feeding and tuching the fish ___________ (swim) up t their hands thrugh the windws. They seem ___________ (nt wrry) abut anything, except fr the yungest, wh...
swimming/t swim
What d yu think happens next?
Suggested Answer ... wh wants t see what life is like n land. She swims all the way t the surface and sees a large ship. It travels tward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims belw the surface f the water and just manages t swim away frm the big ship. She nw realises that it is a scary wrld utside f the cean, and she decides t stay with her family and friends under the sea.
pliticsn. _______________________________prfessinn. _______________________________turnamentn. _______________________________mixturen. _______________________________laptpn. ________________________________ cveragen. _______________________________press cnferencen. _______________________________
笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
记者招待会；新闻发布会
applaudvt. & vi. __________ vt. ______________taxvt. ____________________ n. __________mannedadj. _______________________________submersiblen. _________________________________ underwateradv. ____________ adj. _______________capsulen. _________________________________craln. _________________________________
有人控制的；需人操纵的
对······征税；使纳税
plitics1. n. the activities invlved in getting and using pwer in public life, and being able t influence decisins that affect a cuntry r a sciety 政治；政治事务（或活动）• party plitics 党派政治• lcal plitics 地方政治活动• He’s thinking f ging int plitics. 他打算步入政坛。• a majr figure in British plitics 英国政坛的风云人物
plitics2. n. matters cncerned with getting r using pwer within a particular grup r rganizatin 权术；勾心斗角• I dn’t want t get invlved in ffice plitics. 我不想卷入办公室的政治。• the internal plitics f the legal prfessin 法律界内部的勾心斗角• sexual plitics 两性间的权势之争3. n. [pl.] a persn’s plitical views r beliefs （个人的）政治观点，政见，政治信仰• His plitics are extreme. 他的政治观点偏激。
prfessin1. n. a type f jb that needs special training r skill, especially ne that needs a high level f educatin （需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的某一）行业，职业• the medical/legal/teaching, etc. prfessin 医疗、法律、教学等专业• t enter/g int/jin a prfessin 从事/加入/参加一个行业• the caring prfessins (= that invlve lking after peple) 护理行业• He was an electrician by prfessin. 他的职业是电工。
prfessin2. n. the prfessin all the peple wh wrk in a particular type f prfessin （某）职业界；业内人士；同业；同行；同人• The legal prfessin has/have always resisted change. 法律界向来抵制变革。3. n. the prfessins [pl.] the traditinal jbs that need a high level f educatin and training, such as being a dctr r a lawyer （统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业• emplyment in industry and the prfessins 实业界与专业界的工作
applaud1. n. t shw yur apprval f sb/sth by clapping yur hands 鼓掌• He started t applaud and the thers jined in. 他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。• They rse t applaud the speaker. 他们起立向演讲者鼓掌。• She was applauded as she came n stage. 她上台时人们向她鼓掌。2. n. ~ sb/sth (fr sth) t express praise fr sb/sth because yu apprve f them r it 称赞；赞许；赞赏• We applaud her decisin. 我们称赞她的决定。• I applaud her fr having the curage t refuse. 我赞赏她敢于拒绝。
tax1. n. ~ (n sth) mney that yu have t pay t the gvernment s that it can pay fr public services. Peple pay tax accrding t their incme and businesses pay tax accrding t their prfits. Tax is als ften paid n gds and services. 税；税款• t raise/cut taxes 增加/削减税收• tax increases/cuts 税款的增加/削减• changes in tax rates 税率的变化• t pay ver ￡1 000 in tax 缴纳1 000多英镑的税款• prfits befre/after tax 税前/税后利润• a tax n cigarettes 香烟税
tax2. vt. t put a tax n sb/sth; t make sb pay tax 对……征税；课税；使纳税• Any interest payments are taxed as part f yur incme. 利息所得作为你收入的一部分要予以征税。• His declared aim was t tax the rich. 他宣布的目的是向富人征税。3. vt. (BrE) t pay tax n a vehicle s that yu may use it n the rads 缴纳车辆牌照税• The car is taxed until July. 这辆汽车的牌照税缴纳到了七月。
tax4. vt. t need a great amunt f physical r mental effrt 使负重担；使受压力；使大伤脑筋• The questins did nt tax me. 那些问题没有让我费脑筋。• The prblem is currently taxing the brains f the natin’s experts. 目前这个问题使得全国的专家大伤脑筋。
PHRASAL VERBStax sb with sth t accuse sb f ding sth wrng （就某事）指责，责备，谴责• I taxed him with aviding his respnsibility as a parent. 我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。
同义词辨析tax • duty • custms • tariff • levy • excise
1. tax mney that yu have t pay t the gvernment s that it can pay fr public services 指税、税款： • incme tax 所得税 • tax cuts 减税
2. duty a tax that yu pay n things that yu buy, especially thse that yu bring int a cuntry 指购物税项，尤指进口货物交纳的关税： • duty n wine and beer 葡萄酒和啤酒税
3. custms tax that is paid when gds are brught in frm ther cuntries 指关税、进口税： • t pay custms n sth 为某物缴纳关税
4. tariff a tax that is paid n gds cming int r ging ut f a cuntry 指关税： • A general tariff was impsed n freign imprts. 国外进口货物当时按普通税率征税。
5. levy an extra amunt f mney that has t be paid, especially as a tax t the gvernment 指征收额，尤指税款： • a levy n il imprts 对进口石油征收的税款
6. excise a tax that is paid n sme gds made, sld r used within a cuntry 指国内货品 税、消费税： • There has been a sharp increase in vehicle excise. 机动车消费税剧增。