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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration当堂达标检测题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration当堂达标检测题，共14页。
【教材原句】
Frm a scientific pint f view, there is an urgent need t study the Arctic in rder t understand climate change and its effects. (教材P27)
Climate change is warning us that smething is very wrng. (教材P33)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
【例句呈现】
He was nt used t the lcal climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
Fr mst f the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this regin is unwhlesme.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult t find wrk in the present ecnmic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
Yu'll sn get used t the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will nt be pssible in the changed ecnmic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Scial nrm requests that the translatin mtivatin be in accrdance with the scial climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whle survey is plitical and scial climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's ging t be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and il cnsumptin always increases in cld weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing prblems fr many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind t us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather gt s bad that we had t turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have bserved a ring f vlcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
Accrding t the weather frecast, frst is expected tmrrw mrning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like n yur vacatin?
2. _______ change f the whle wrld is still very much a subject fr debate.
3. Yu shuld g utdrs in such fine _______.
4. The article puts frward a new thery t explain changes in the ___________ f the wrld.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time f year.
6. We need t create a ________ in which business can prsper.
7. The game was called ff because f bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ f plitical cnfusin has nly reinfrced the cuntry's ecnmic decline.
9. It wuld be dangerus t risk ging ut in this ________.
10. The religius ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night ften indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favrs many types f trpical plants.
13. The _______ at the mment is nt typical fr July.
14. If the _______ in the wrld changes cntinue, we will suffer the cnsequences.
15. Wrk n the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychlgical ________, psitive psychlgy advcates that psychlgy shuld research psitive traits f mankind itself.
17. Accrding t the ________ frecast, there will be a gale tmrrw.
18. T maintain a psitive schl ________ the cmmunity fllws these guidelines fr student behavir.
19. ________ statins are scattered all ver the vast plains and the muntain regins.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●stay; remain
【教材原句】
It was bring t stay n a bat all day, s Zac read lts f bkis! (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
= 1 \* GB3 ①stay fr dinner 留下来吃饭
= 2 \* GB3 ②stay at hme 待在家里
= 3 \* GB3 ③stay at/in a htel 住旅馆
= 4 \* GB3 ④stay the night = stay vernight = stay ver 过夜
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥stay in = stay (at) hme待在家里，不外出
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦stay n 留下来继续（工作，学习）
= 8 \* GB3 ⑧stay ut 待在户外，不回家
= 9 \* GB3 ⑨stay ut f…. 避开，远离，不介入
= 10 \* GB3 ⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
= 1 \* GB3 ①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
= 2 \* GB3 ②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
= 3 \* GB3 ③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) hme，不能说remain at hme, 只能用remain hme，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
= 4 \* GB3 ④sth. remain t be dne 某事尚待做
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤it remain t be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
【例句呈现】
Mst f the huse remains intact even after tw hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained cnstant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains t be seen whether his prject will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease ften remains undetected fr many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the prblem f finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains t be seen whether r nt this idea can be put int practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went n t Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has std still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at hme, afraid t shw her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the wrld t rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want yu t stay away frm my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents wn't allw him t stay ut late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ hme while the children were yung.
2. I went t Ningxia and _______ there fr ne year.
3. We prmised ________ friends fr ever.
4. We must ________ cmpetitive in the cmpetitive sciety.
5. I ________ n the jb fr five mnths when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is smetimes a warning t ther birds _______ away.
7. Yu shuld leave thse naughty bys _______ ut f truble.
8. Last mnth, Tm wrte tw articles during his shrt _______ in hspital.
9. S far many f his sngs _______ ppular.
10. We were tld ________ in ur seats meanwhile with ur seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been dne; I nly see what_______ t be dne.
12. It ________ t be seen whether yu are right.
13. There ________ ne significant prblem nw.
14. Please _______ calm when yu meet with sme difficulties.
15. Yu shuld ________ quiet when smene is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. t stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. t stay; 7. t stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. t remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●cme true; realize
【教材原句】
At his press cnference, he talked abut hw passin and curage made his dream cme true. (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“实现”的意思，但用法有区别。
cme true 是系表结构, 无被动语态, 句型结构为：sth. cme(s) true，这里的cme 为系动词，表示“变成”的意思。
realize vt. 意思是 = 1 \* GB3 ①“实现， 使…..成为现实” = 2 \* GB3 ②“认识到，意识到”（通常不用于进行时态）。
【例句呈现】
These predictins will cme true if technlgy cntinues t develp.
如果科技不断发展，这些预言将会成真。
His dream will cme true sner r later.
他的理想迟早会实现。
Her wish t becme a dctr has cme true.
她想当医生的愿望实现了。
All ur dreams can cme true if we have the curage t pursue them.
只要有勇气去追求，一切梦想皆可成真。
Peple think all they need t d is endure ne crazy, intense, jb-free creative burst and their dreams will cme true.
人们认为他们所需要做的事是忍耐一个疯狂，强烈的，无责任的创意突发而他们的梦想将成真。
My dream f getting int Beijing university has cme true.
去北京大学读书让我的梦想成真。
The mment I saw her, I realized smething was wrng.
我一看到她，就觉得不太对劲。
I dn't think yu realize hw imprtant this is t her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
The situatin was mre cmplicated than they had at first realized.
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
They managed t leave withut any f us realizing.
我们谁也没注意，他们悄悄走了。
Only later did she realize her mistake.
只是到了后来她才意识到自己的错误。
Thse are ur hpes; we are starting this clinical trial t investigate whether thse hpes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调查那些希望是否可以实现。
Varius textile techniques will be explred t realize design pssibilities.
将尝试和探索纺织技巧来把这些设计变为现实。
D yu realize the imprtance f this questin?
你意识到这个问题的重要性吗 ?
Only then did he realize that he had been wrng.
直到这时他才知道他错了.
【考点过关】
用cme true或realize 的适当形式填空
1. The jbless can nly hpe that such predictins will ______.
2. Every minute yu are making all yur dreams ______!
3. What dreams wuld yu like t see ________?
4. Did Tm’s predictins abut the gulf ecsystem _______?
5. As sn as we _______ smething was wrng, we mved the children away.
6. Peple dn't _______ hw serius this recessin has actually been.
7. There was a cheer when it ________ that everyne was safely back.
8. She _________ her ambitin f becming a prfessinal singer at last.
9. It takes patience fr humans t ______ their dreams
10. It cannt ________ withut technlgical innvatin.
【参考答案】
1. cme true/be realized; 2. cme true/realized; 3. cme true/realized; 4. cme true; 5. realized; 6. realize; 7. came true/was realized; 8. realized; 9. realize; 10. cme true/realize
●mean ding sth. ; mean t d sth.
【教材原句】
When peple talk f explring the sea mre, they usually mean expliting it. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者意思和用法完全不同。
mean ding sth. 意思是“意味着…..；意思是….”。
mean t d sth. 意思是“打算做某事；有意做某事”，相当于intend t d sth、design t d sth.和plan t d sth.
【例句呈现】
Taking this jb means taking a lt f risks.
接受这份工作意味着会遇到很多危险。
Being a student means studying hard.
当学生意味着要努力学习。
Success means wrking hard.
成功意味着工作努力。
Missing this train means waiting fr anther hur.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
Ding ne thing well desn't mean ding exactly ne thing.
做好一件事并不意味着仅仅做一件事。
Wasting time means killing life.
浪费时间意味着浪费生命。
Dn't be t hard n the by; he didn't mean t d it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
I mean t g, but my father wuld nt allw me t.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
What d yu mean t d with it?
你打算把它怎样处理?
He has always meant t get it repaired.
他一直是想请人修一修的。
I mean t stay here fr a lng time.
我打算在这儿呆很久。
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she des nt mean t d it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手; 她无意弄坏它。
【考点过关】
根据mean ding sth., mean t d sth.的用法填空
1. Reading means _______ (take) in the infrmatin, digesting it and incrprating it int neself.
2. Smetimes _______ (give) up a little can mean getting mre.
3. Please frgive me. I didn't mean _______ (d) that.
4. Her sn’s lying t her meant _______ (kill) her.
5. Breaking the dish was accidental; he didn't mean _______ (d) it.
6. T take it apart nw wuld mean _______ (waste) a lt f labr.
7. Revlutin means ________ (liberate) the prductive frces.
8. What d yu mean ________ (d)?
9. He still didn't understand that I meant ________ (pay) mney first.
10. D yu really mean _________ (d) it sner?
11. Ding that means _______ (waste) time.
12. I meant ________ (give) yu this bk tday, but I frgt.
13. T raise wage means ________ (increase) purchasing pwer.
14. I meant _______ (cme) t see yu yesterday, but smething happened t me.
15. Having a well-paid jb des nt mean _______ (give) up yur interests.
16. His injury means _______ (miss) next week’s game.
【参考答案】
1. taking; 2. giving; 3. t d; 4. killing; 5. t d; 6. wasting; 7. liberating; 8. t d; 9. paying; 10. t d; 11. wasting; 12. t give; 13. increasing; 14. t cme; 15. giving; 16. missing
●especially; specially
【教材原句】
Mining fr resurces is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法不同。
especially副词，意思是 “尤其；特别；格外地”，往往用来对前面所述情况进行说明或补充，不强调目的性，只强调超乎寻常，通常用来修饰名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者是句子。
specially副词，意思是“专门地；特意地；特别地”，强调目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是为了…而不为别的”。一般修饰动词或介词短语。
温馨提示：especially和specially一般不换用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。
【例句呈现】
We are especially encuraged by the strng representatin, this year, f wmen in infrmatin technlgy disciplines
今年，女性在信息技术领域的突出表现尤其让我们备受鼓舞。
She was especially fnd f a little girl named Betsy.
她尤其偏爱一个名叫贝齐的小女孩。
Millins f wild flwers clr the valleys, especially in April and May
尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。
Under all the inncent fun, there are hidden dangers, especially fr children
在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。
Re-apply sunscreen every tw hurs, especially if yu have been swimming.
每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。
The cmmittee is cncerned abut players' behavir, especially arguing with referees
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
Many wmen, especially as they get lder, develp lumpy veins in their legs.
许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
The ring was specially made fr her.
这枚戒指是为她订做的。
Mst f these tls have been specially adapted fr use by disabled peple.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
The play was written specially fr radi.
这出戏是专为无线电广播而写的。
The cmpst is specially frmulated fr pt plants.
此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。
They thught he had escaped thrugh a specially cnstructed tunnel.
他们认为他是通过一条专门修建的地道逃跑的。
Patrick needs t use specially adapted cmputer equipment
帕特里克需要使用专门改装过的计算机设备。
We came specially t learn frm yu.
我们是特地来向您学习的。
【考点过关】
1. I made this _______ fr yur birthday.
2. Their main exprts are textiles, _______ silk and cttn.
3. She came t Lndn ________ t see Buckingham Palace.
4. We are nt _______ interested in watching mvies.
5. Yu can brrw my laptp fr yu exam, and yu dn’t need t buy ne ______.
6. She was _______ fnd f cllecting stamps.
7. The smart-phne is ________ designed fr sftware prfessinals.
8. It’s __________ ht tday.
9. Patrick needs t use _______ adapted cmputer equipment.
10. Millins f wild flwers clr the valleys, ________ in April and May.
11. He came here _________ t say srry t her.
12. He likes all subjects, _________ English.
13. He returned t her hmetwn _________ t see her sick mther
14. These bks will be __________ helpful t thse wh wish t imprve their English.
15. I came here __________ t ask fr yur advice.
16. The Great Wall had been added t, __________ during the Ming Dynasty.
【参考答案】
1. specially; 2. especially; 3. specially; 4. especially; 5. specially; 6. especially; 7. specially; 8. especially; 9. specially; 10. especially; 11. specially; 12. especially; 13. specially; 14. especially; 15. specially; 16. especially
●句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth.和句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth.
【教材原句】
Did yu have prblems in studying this unit? (教材P34)
【辨析】
两者意思相近，但用法有区别。
sb. have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里的介词in可有可无。
have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里使用介词with，后面接名词。
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①两个句型中，difficulty, truble 必须用单数，prblem用复数。
= 2 \* GB3 ②两个句型中的sme可根据句意换成little, n, much等。
【例句呈现】
I have sme difficulty in understanding my English teacher in class.
我课堂上听不懂英语老师的讲解。
I have sme difficulty in prnuncing sme f the wrds in English.
我发某些单词的音有些困难。
90.8% f glaucma patients have sme difficulty in sleeping. 93.1% f cases have shallw sleeping.
90.8%青光眼病人存在入睡困难，93.1%病人睡眠不深。
But during the daily teaching, teachers have sme difficulty in teaching and s d students in learning, which makes teaching and learning mre difficult.
但在实际教学中，却也出现了不少问题，使得部分教师教学和学生学习存在困难。
I have sme difficulty in dealing with the abstract-let's get dwn t sme particulars.
我考虑抽象概念有些困难，让我们处理一些具体事情吧。
One persn may have n difficulty with language develpment.
有的人可能有语言开发的困难。
Mst f the girls have much difficulty with their families.
所以绝大多数的女孩都会与家庭关系紧张。
Yu may have sme difficulty with this bk at first, but yu'll find it much easier as yu g alng.
开始时你或许会觉得这本书难读，但过些时候你便会觉得容易得多。
I have sme truble with the carburetr. The salesman fbbed the lady ff with a faulty machine.
推销员把一部有毛病的机器冒充正品卖给了那位女士。
I have sme truble in reading her handwriting.
我认她的笔迹有些困难。
We have sme truble in spelling.
我们在拼写方面有困难。
He has sme prblems with his wrk in Canada, I'm afraid.
恐怕他在加拿大那边的事出问题啦。
Thelma& Luise Luise is wrking in a diner as a waitress and has sme prblems with her byfriend Jimmy, wh, as a musician, is always n the rad.
路易丝是咖啡馆的服务生，她的男朋友杰米是个搞音乐的，经常在外演出，两人有点矛盾。
Levant thinks that Steinbeck has sme prblems in grasping the structure and materials.
这位评论家认为斯坦贝克在掌握结构与素材上仍有不足。
【考点过关】
请根据句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth.和句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth.的用法填空
1. He is likely t have sme truble _______ it, but he shuldn't be cmpletely in the dark abut it.
2. As I have sme truble _______ my leg, I can't mve arund easily, nr can I sit t lng.
3. I have sme difficulty in _______ (answer) the questin.
4. His business has faced difficulty _______ debt.
5. I have sme truble in _______ (prnunce) this sund.
6. She has n difficulty _______ Italian.
7. He has sme difficulty in ________ (give) shape t his ideas.
8. She has difficulty ________ English prnunciatin.
9. He has sme truble _______ (wrk) ut the prblem, I think.
10. He has difficulty _________ (adjust) t grup living.
11. He has sme prblems ________ the language.
12. Children with autism have difficulty ______ scial skills and cmmunicatin.
13. He has difficulty in ________ (identify) with the cause f the disease.
14. He has sme prblems ________ his teeth.
15. Yu shuldn't have much difficulty _______ yur persnal data files.
16. She has difficulty ________ (learn) English, hwever, she wrks hard and is making rapid prgress.
17. I have difficulty cmmunicating _______ a stubbrn man like him.
18. This article has discussed sme prblems in _______ (adjust) t the new requirements.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. answering; 4. with; 5. prnuncing; 6. with; 7. giving; 8. with; 9. wrking; 10. adjusting; 11. with; 12. with; 13. identifying; 14. with; 15. with; 16. learning; 17. with; 18. adjusting
【教材原句】
Frm a scientific pint f view, there is an urgent need t study the Arctic in rder t understand climate change and its effects. (教材P27)
Climate change is warning us that smething is very wrng. (教材P33)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
【例句呈现】
He was nt used t the lcal climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
Fr mst f the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this regin is unwhlesme.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult t find wrk in the present ecnmic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
Yu'll sn get used t the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will nt be pssible in the changed ecnmic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Scial nrm requests that the translatin mtivatin be in accrdance with the scial climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whle survey is plitical and scial climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's ging t be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and il cnsumptin always increases in cld weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing prblems fr many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind t us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather gt s bad that we had t turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have bserved a ring f vlcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
Accrding t the weather frecast, frst is expected tmrrw mrning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like n yur vacatin?
2. _______ change f the whle wrld is still very much a subject fr debate.
3. Yu shuld g utdrs in such fine _______.
4. The article puts frward a new thery t explain changes in the ___________ f the wrld.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time f year.
6. We need t create a ________ in which business can prsper.
7. The game was called ff because f bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ f plitical cnfusin has nly reinfrced the cuntry's ecnmic decline.
9. It wuld be dangerus t risk ging ut in this ________.
10. The religius ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night ften indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favrs many types f trpical plants.
13. The _______ at the mment is nt typical fr July.
14. If the _______ in the wrld changes cntinue, we will suffer the cnsequences.
15. Wrk n the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychlgical ________, psitive psychlgy advcates that psychlgy shuld research psitive traits f mankind itself.
17. Accrding t the ________ frecast, there will be a gale tmrrw.
18. T maintain a psitive schl ________ the cmmunity fllws these guidelines fr student behavir.
19. ________ statins are scattered all ver the vast plains and the muntain regins.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●stay; remain
【教材原句】
It was bring t stay n a bat all day, s Zac read lts f bkis! (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
= 1 \* GB3 ①stay fr dinner 留下来吃饭
= 2 \* GB3 ②stay at hme 待在家里
= 3 \* GB3 ③stay at/in a htel 住旅馆
= 4 \* GB3 ④stay the night = stay vernight = stay ver 过夜
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥stay in = stay (at) hme待在家里，不外出
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦stay n 留下来继续（工作，学习）
= 8 \* GB3 ⑧stay ut 待在户外，不回家
= 9 \* GB3 ⑨stay ut f…. 避开，远离，不介入
= 10 \* GB3 ⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
= 1 \* GB3 ①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
= 2 \* GB3 ②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
= 3 \* GB3 ③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) hme，不能说remain at hme, 只能用remain hme，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
= 4 \* GB3 ④sth. remain t be dne 某事尚待做
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤it remain t be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
【例句呈现】
Mst f the huse remains intact even after tw hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained cnstant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains t be seen whether his prject will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease ften remains undetected fr many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the prblem f finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains t be seen whether r nt this idea can be put int practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went n t Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has std still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at hme, afraid t shw her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the wrld t rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want yu t stay away frm my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents wn't allw him t stay ut late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ hme while the children were yung.
2. I went t Ningxia and _______ there fr ne year.
3. We prmised ________ friends fr ever.
4. We must ________ cmpetitive in the cmpetitive sciety.
5. I ________ n the jb fr five mnths when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is smetimes a warning t ther birds _______ away.
7. Yu shuld leave thse naughty bys _______ ut f truble.
8. Last mnth, Tm wrte tw articles during his shrt _______ in hspital.
9. S far many f his sngs _______ ppular.
10. We were tld ________ in ur seats meanwhile with ur seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been dne; I nly see what_______ t be dne.
12. It ________ t be seen whether yu are right.
13. There ________ ne significant prblem nw.
14. Please _______ calm when yu meet with sme difficulties.
15. Yu shuld ________ quiet when smene is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. t stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. t stay; 7. t stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. t remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●cme true; realize
【教材原句】
At his press cnference, he talked abut hw passin and curage made his dream cme true. (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“实现”的意思，但用法有区别。
cme true 是系表结构, 无被动语态, 句型结构为：sth. cme(s) true，这里的cme 为系动词，表示“变成”的意思。
realize vt. 意思是 = 1 \* GB3 ①“实现， 使…..成为现实” = 2 \* GB3 ②“认识到，意识到”（通常不用于进行时态）。
【例句呈现】
These predictins will cme true if technlgy cntinues t develp.
如果科技不断发展，这些预言将会成真。
His dream will cme true sner r later.
他的理想迟早会实现。
Her wish t becme a dctr has cme true.
她想当医生的愿望实现了。
All ur dreams can cme true if we have the curage t pursue them.
只要有勇气去追求，一切梦想皆可成真。
Peple think all they need t d is endure ne crazy, intense, jb-free creative burst and their dreams will cme true.
人们认为他们所需要做的事是忍耐一个疯狂，强烈的，无责任的创意突发而他们的梦想将成真。
My dream f getting int Beijing university has cme true.
去北京大学读书让我的梦想成真。
The mment I saw her, I realized smething was wrng.
我一看到她，就觉得不太对劲。
I dn't think yu realize hw imprtant this is t her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
The situatin was mre cmplicated than they had at first realized.
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
They managed t leave withut any f us realizing.
我们谁也没注意，他们悄悄走了。
Only later did she realize her mistake.
只是到了后来她才意识到自己的错误。
Thse are ur hpes; we are starting this clinical trial t investigate whether thse hpes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调查那些希望是否可以实现。
Varius textile techniques will be explred t realize design pssibilities.
将尝试和探索纺织技巧来把这些设计变为现实。
D yu realize the imprtance f this questin?
你意识到这个问题的重要性吗 ?
Only then did he realize that he had been wrng.
直到这时他才知道他错了.
【考点过关】
用cme true或realize 的适当形式填空
1. The jbless can nly hpe that such predictins will ______.
2. Every minute yu are making all yur dreams ______!
3. What dreams wuld yu like t see ________?
4. Did Tm’s predictins abut the gulf ecsystem _______?
5. As sn as we _______ smething was wrng, we mved the children away.
6. Peple dn't _______ hw serius this recessin has actually been.
7. There was a cheer when it ________ that everyne was safely back.
8. She _________ her ambitin f becming a prfessinal singer at last.
9. It takes patience fr humans t ______ their dreams
10. It cannt ________ withut technlgical innvatin.
【参考答案】
1. cme true/be realized; 2. cme true/realized; 3. cme true/realized; 4. cme true; 5. realized; 6. realize; 7. came true/was realized; 8. realized; 9. realize; 10. cme true/realize
●mean ding sth. ; mean t d sth.
【教材原句】
When peple talk f explring the sea mre, they usually mean expliting it. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者意思和用法完全不同。
mean ding sth. 意思是“意味着…..；意思是….”。
mean t d sth. 意思是“打算做某事；有意做某事”，相当于intend t d sth、design t d sth.和plan t d sth.
【例句呈现】
Taking this jb means taking a lt f risks.
接受这份工作意味着会遇到很多危险。
Being a student means studying hard.
当学生意味着要努力学习。
Success means wrking hard.
成功意味着工作努力。
Missing this train means waiting fr anther hur.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
Ding ne thing well desn't mean ding exactly ne thing.
做好一件事并不意味着仅仅做一件事。
Wasting time means killing life.
浪费时间意味着浪费生命。
Dn't be t hard n the by; he didn't mean t d it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
I mean t g, but my father wuld nt allw me t.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
What d yu mean t d with it?
你打算把它怎样处理?
He has always meant t get it repaired.
他一直是想请人修一修的。
I mean t stay here fr a lng time.
我打算在这儿呆很久。
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she des nt mean t d it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手; 她无意弄坏它。
【考点过关】
根据mean ding sth., mean t d sth.的用法填空
1. Reading means _______ (take) in the infrmatin, digesting it and incrprating it int neself.
2. Smetimes _______ (give) up a little can mean getting mre.
3. Please frgive me. I didn't mean _______ (d) that.
4. Her sn’s lying t her meant _______ (kill) her.
5. Breaking the dish was accidental; he didn't mean _______ (d) it.
6. T take it apart nw wuld mean _______ (waste) a lt f labr.
7. Revlutin means ________ (liberate) the prductive frces.
8. What d yu mean ________ (d)?
9. He still didn't understand that I meant ________ (pay) mney first.
10. D yu really mean _________ (d) it sner?
11. Ding that means _______ (waste) time.
12. I meant ________ (give) yu this bk tday, but I frgt.
13. T raise wage means ________ (increase) purchasing pwer.
14. I meant _______ (cme) t see yu yesterday, but smething happened t me.
15. Having a well-paid jb des nt mean _______ (give) up yur interests.
16. His injury means _______ (miss) next week’s game.
【参考答案】
1. taking; 2. giving; 3. t d; 4. killing; 5. t d; 6. wasting; 7. liberating; 8. t d; 9. paying; 10. t d; 11. wasting; 12. t give; 13. increasing; 14. t cme; 15. giving; 16. missing
●especially; specially
【教材原句】
Mining fr resurces is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法不同。
especially副词，意思是 “尤其；特别；格外地”，往往用来对前面所述情况进行说明或补充，不强调目的性，只强调超乎寻常，通常用来修饰名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者是句子。
specially副词，意思是“专门地；特意地；特别地”，强调目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是为了…而不为别的”。一般修饰动词或介词短语。
温馨提示：especially和specially一般不换用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。
【例句呈现】
We are especially encuraged by the strng representatin, this year, f wmen in infrmatin technlgy disciplines
今年，女性在信息技术领域的突出表现尤其让我们备受鼓舞。
She was especially fnd f a little girl named Betsy.
她尤其偏爱一个名叫贝齐的小女孩。
Millins f wild flwers clr the valleys, especially in April and May
尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。
Under all the inncent fun, there are hidden dangers, especially fr children
在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。
Re-apply sunscreen every tw hurs, especially if yu have been swimming.
每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。
The cmmittee is cncerned abut players' behavir, especially arguing with referees
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
Many wmen, especially as they get lder, develp lumpy veins in their legs.
许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
The ring was specially made fr her.
这枚戒指是为她订做的。
Mst f these tls have been specially adapted fr use by disabled peple.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
The play was written specially fr radi.
这出戏是专为无线电广播而写的。
The cmpst is specially frmulated fr pt plants.
此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。
They thught he had escaped thrugh a specially cnstructed tunnel.
他们认为他是通过一条专门修建的地道逃跑的。
Patrick needs t use specially adapted cmputer equipment
帕特里克需要使用专门改装过的计算机设备。
We came specially t learn frm yu.
我们是特地来向您学习的。
【考点过关】
1. I made this _______ fr yur birthday.
2. Their main exprts are textiles, _______ silk and cttn.
3. She came t Lndn ________ t see Buckingham Palace.
4. We are nt _______ interested in watching mvies.
5. Yu can brrw my laptp fr yu exam, and yu dn’t need t buy ne ______.
6. She was _______ fnd f cllecting stamps.
7. The smart-phne is ________ designed fr sftware prfessinals.
8. It’s __________ ht tday.
9. Patrick needs t use _______ adapted cmputer equipment.
10. Millins f wild flwers clr the valleys, ________ in April and May.
11. He came here _________ t say srry t her.
12. He likes all subjects, _________ English.
13. He returned t her hmetwn _________ t see her sick mther
14. These bks will be __________ helpful t thse wh wish t imprve their English.
15. I came here __________ t ask fr yur advice.
16. The Great Wall had been added t, __________ during the Ming Dynasty.
【参考答案】
1. specially; 2. especially; 3. specially; 4. especially; 5. specially; 6. especially; 7. specially; 8. especially; 9. specially; 10. especially; 11. specially; 12. especially; 13. specially; 14. especially; 15. specially; 16. especially
●句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth.和句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth.
【教材原句】
Did yu have prblems in studying this unit? (教材P34)
【辨析】
两者意思相近，但用法有区别。
sb. have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里的介词in可有可无。
have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里使用介词with，后面接名词。
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①两个句型中，difficulty, truble 必须用单数，prblem用复数。
= 2 \* GB3 ②两个句型中的sme可根据句意换成little, n, much等。
【例句呈现】
I have sme difficulty in understanding my English teacher in class.
我课堂上听不懂英语老师的讲解。
I have sme difficulty in prnuncing sme f the wrds in English.
我发某些单词的音有些困难。
90.8% f glaucma patients have sme difficulty in sleeping. 93.1% f cases have shallw sleeping.
90.8%青光眼病人存在入睡困难，93.1%病人睡眠不深。
But during the daily teaching, teachers have sme difficulty in teaching and s d students in learning, which makes teaching and learning mre difficult.
但在实际教学中，却也出现了不少问题，使得部分教师教学和学生学习存在困难。
I have sme difficulty in dealing with the abstract-let's get dwn t sme particulars.
我考虑抽象概念有些困难，让我们处理一些具体事情吧。
One persn may have n difficulty with language develpment.
有的人可能有语言开发的困难。
Mst f the girls have much difficulty with their families.
所以绝大多数的女孩都会与家庭关系紧张。
Yu may have sme difficulty with this bk at first, but yu'll find it much easier as yu g alng.
开始时你或许会觉得这本书难读，但过些时候你便会觉得容易得多。
I have sme truble with the carburetr. The salesman fbbed the lady ff with a faulty machine.
推销员把一部有毛病的机器冒充正品卖给了那位女士。
I have sme truble in reading her handwriting.
我认她的笔迹有些困难。
We have sme truble in spelling.
我们在拼写方面有困难。
He has sme prblems with his wrk in Canada, I'm afraid.
恐怕他在加拿大那边的事出问题啦。
Thelma& Luise Luise is wrking in a diner as a waitress and has sme prblems with her byfriend Jimmy, wh, as a musician, is always n the rad.
路易丝是咖啡馆的服务生，她的男朋友杰米是个搞音乐的，经常在外演出，两人有点矛盾。
Levant thinks that Steinbeck has sme prblems in grasping the structure and materials.
这位评论家认为斯坦贝克在掌握结构与素材上仍有不足。
【考点过关】
请根据句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding sth.和句型have sme difficulty/truble/prblems with sth.的用法填空
1. He is likely t have sme truble _______ it, but he shuldn't be cmpletely in the dark abut it.
2. As I have sme truble _______ my leg, I can't mve arund easily, nr can I sit t lng.
3. I have sme difficulty in _______ (answer) the questin.
4. His business has faced difficulty _______ debt.
5. I have sme truble in _______ (prnunce) this sund.
6. She has n difficulty _______ Italian.
7. He has sme difficulty in ________ (give) shape t his ideas.
8. She has difficulty ________ English prnunciatin.
9. He has sme truble _______ (wrk) ut the prblem, I think.
10. He has difficulty _________ (adjust) t grup living.
11. He has sme prblems ________ the language.
12. Children with autism have difficulty ______ scial skills and cmmunicatin.
13. He has difficulty in ________ (identify) with the cause f the disease.
14. He has sme prblems ________ his teeth.
15. Yu shuldn't have much difficulty _______ yur persnal data files.
16. She has difficulty ________ (learn) English, hwever, she wrks hard and is making rapid prgress.
17. I have difficulty cmmunicating _______ a stubbrn man like him.
18. This article has discussed sme prblems in _______ (adjust) t the new requirements.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. answering; 4. with; 5. prnuncing; 6. with; 7. giving; 8. with; 9. wrking; 10. adjusting; 11. with; 12. with; 13. identifying; 14. with; 15. with; 16. learning; 17. with; 18. adjusting
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