高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction精练

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction精练，共7页。试卷主要包含了刷单句填空，刷语法填空，刷阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. On ne side is a small canal and the ther drm-like rms, cheap restaurants and________(mud) paths.
2. The nging________ (divide) between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is a majr cncern f the cuntry.
3. An artificial intelligence expert said recently half f the wrld's current jbs wuld be taken ________by AI within 15 years.
4. With time ging n, prejudices have fallen ________, and they all c-perate very well.
5. It's certainly clear that many animals' sense f smell is far superir________ humans'.
6. Whenever I have an urge________ (play) cmputer games, I wuld think f my gal and regain my strength t study immediately.
7. The party we had been lking frward t ________ (turn) ut t be a great disappintment.
8. Nt nly shuld the technique and equipment________ (fetch) in, but als the management.
9. It is reprted that yesterday the device________ (explde) by experts under cntrlled cnditins.
10. He is s rganised that he is likely t________ (elect) President f the Students' Unin.
二、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：科学技术 词数：213 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[吉林长春东北师大附中2020高二月考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When yu think f rbts，what is the first thing that cmes t mind？D yu think f science fictin mvies like Star Wars, 1 rbts f all shapes and sizes are part f daily life？Rbts were nce just the prduct f fictin. The wrd itself came frm the play Rssum's Universal Rbts, 2 (write) in 1920 by Karel Capek.
Tday mst rbts dn't lk like humans，which appear in many frms. They 3（prgramme）t perfrm a wide variety f things，frm wrking in factries 4 explring the surface f Mars. But there is a surprising prblem in the wrld f rbts: What humans find easy is 5 (extreme）cmplicated fr a rbt. Fr example，picking up clthes in a messy rm. 6 (be) simple fr humans，but it is difficult fr rbts t d that. 7 prblem is t prgramme a rbt t pick up sme bjects f different shapes and sizes withut damaging them.
It shws that ne f the mst difficult things 8 (imprve) in rbts is their flexibility. Exciting 9 (develp) in making human-like hands and legs are under way. But the biggest advancement is t teach rbts t guess what they can d and 10 they can help us with daily tasks.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
三、刷阅读理解
体裁：议论文 题材：智能城市 词数：309 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[海南屯昌中学2021高三月考]Smart cities are cming. And yu can be sure that hackers（黑客）wn't be very far behind.
We've already gt a glimpse f that future，as cities acrss the glbe start t use technlgy t cnnect their services and residents in ways that were science fictin just a few years ag. They are using sensrs t cllect data-such as traffic，garbage cllecting，and rad cnditins-and then using that data t deliver services mre efficiently t mre peple.
But this rush t becme a smart city has a majr drawback: The mre cnnected a city is，the easier it is t be affected by cyber attacks.Hackers have，in recent years，effectively held cities hstage thrugh ransmware（勒索软件），smetimes damaging critical systems fr mnths at a time. The damage can cst millins f dllars t repair，as Baltimre and Atlanta have discvered.
And this is just the beginning. As cities add cnnectivity t their streetlights，pwer grids，dams，transit lines and ther services，they are adding mre targets that have the ptential t be hacked. What's mre，as additinal infrmatin n residents is cllected，fficials wrry abut the result-lts f data culd attract terrrists that culd incrprate the data int physical and cyber war.
What cyber security lessn can be taught in this hack？Fr example，dn't pen e-mail attachments frm unfamiliar surces；dn't click n unrecgnised links；dn't leave sensitive infrmatin visible n the walls r surfaces f yur ffice. But let's just stick t the mst imprtant lessn: The infrmatin yu share n scial media can be used t depict and target yu，whether that's dne by engineering the clickbait（点击诱饵）aimed at yur particular interests，guessing yur passwrd based n yur birthday r figuring ut yur schedule and travel s that an intruder can get access t yur hme r ffice.
1.What did peple use t think f smart cities？
A. They were the prducts f science.
B. They were bund t be ppular.
C. They existed in imaginatin.
D. They imprved peple's lives.
2.What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 3？
A. Intrduce the harm f hackers.
B. Shw the risk f being a smart city.
C. Add sme backgrund infrmatin.
D. Summarise the previus paragraphs.
3.What is fficials' attitude t big data？
A. It is cnvenient t prvide services.
B. It is certain t bring abut revlutin.
C. There are actually ptential dangers.
D. There's cmpetitin in high technlgy.
4. What des the underlined wrd "depict" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Describe.
B. Prtect.
C. Pursue.
D. Fund.
答案解析
刷单句填空
1.muddy 句意为：一边是一条小运河，另一边是像宿舍一样的房间、廉价餐馆和泥泞的小路。设空处作定语，应用形容词。故填muddy。
2.divisin 句意为：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的分歧一直存在，这是这个国家关心的一个主要问题。
设空处作主语，且其前有定冠词The和形容词nging修饰，所以应用名词，由is可知应用名词单数形式。故填 divisin。
3.ver句意为：一位人工智能专家近日表示，人工智能将在15年内接管全世界现有工作的一半。take ver为固定搭配，意为“接管，接替”。
4.away句意为：随着时间的推移，偏见逐渐消失了，他们都合作得很好。fall away意为“（逐渐）消失”。
5.t句意为：很明显，许多动物的嗅觉远比人类（的嗅觉）灵敏。be superir t...意为“比……更好；更胜一筹”。
6.t play句意为：每当我有玩电脑游戏的冲动，我就会想到我的目标，从而重新坚定我的意志，立即去学习。have an urge t d sth意为“渴望做某事；有做某事的冲动”。
7.turned 句意为：我们一直期待的聚会结果使我们大失所望。本题容易错把turn理解为介词t的宾语，we had been lking frward t 是定语从句，修饰先行词party。所以turn作The party的谓语，从句表示“过去的过去”，主句应用一般过去时。故填turned。
8.be fetched 句意为：该引进的不仅仅是技术和设备，还有管理模式。设空处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，且nt nly位于句首引起部分倒装，shuld提前，所以此处应填be fetched。
9.was explded 句意为：据报道，这个装置昨日由专家在受控条件下引爆。此处是从句谓语动词，与从句主语是被动关系，由yesterday可知此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。
10.be elected 句意为：他很有条理，因此他很有可能被选为学生会主席。be likely t d sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，elect与he之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be elected。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现实生活中机器人的外形、作用以及存在的问题。
1.where句意为：你想到了像《星球大战》这样的科幻电影吗？在《星球大战》里，各种形状和尺寸的机器人是日常生活的一部分。rbts f all shapes and sizes are part f daily life在此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Star Wars，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。
2.written句意为：这个词本身来自卡雷尔·恰佩克在1920年写的戏剧《罗素姆万能机器人》。write在此处应用非谓语动词形式作定语，与其所修饰词是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填written。
3.are prgrammed 句意为：它们被编程来做各种各样的事情，从在工厂工作到探索火星表面。此处作句子的谓语，prgramme与主语They之间为被动关系，且本句陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are prgrammed。
4.t 句意见上一题解析。frm..…t...意为“从….到……”，是固定搭配。故填t。
5.extremely句意为……人们认为容易的事情，对机器人来说极其复杂。此处修饰形容词cmplicated，应该用副词。故填extremely。
6.is句意为：比如，在一个凌乱的房间里捡起衣服对人类来说很简单，但对机器人来说那样做很难。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
7.Anther 句意为：另一个难题是给机器人设定程序，让其拾取一些不同形状和大小的物品，同时不破坏这些物品。根据上文中的there is a surprising prblem可知，此处是另一个（anther）难题，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Anther。
8.t imprve句意为：这说明，机器人最难提高的一点是其灵活性。此处名词things被形容词最高级修饰，应用动词不定式作其后置定语。故填t imprve。
9.develpments 句意为：在制造像人一样的手和腿方面，人们正在取得一些令人兴奋的进步。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，develpment意为“进步”时是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且谓语动词是are，应该用名词复数，故填develpments。
10.hw句意为：但最大的进步是教机器人猜它们能做什么和它们如何帮我们处理日常事务。they can help us with daily tasks 与what they can d是并列宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，意为“怎样”，故填hw。
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文为一篇议论文。智能城市即将到来，它在给人们带来方便的同时也存在着很大的安全隐患。
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的as cities acrss the glbe start t use technlgy t cnnect their services and residents in ways that were science fictin just a few years ag可知，以往的智能城市只存在于科幻小说中，即存在于人们的想象中。故选C项。
2.B推理判断题。第三段主旨句But this rush t becme a smart city has a majr attacks.表明智能城市有一大弊端，由此可推知，作者在第三段要说明智能城市存在的危险。故选B项。
3.C推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的fficials wrry abut the result-lts f data culd attract terrrists that culd incrprate the data int physical and cyber war可知，政府官员认为大数据实际上有潜在的危险。故选C项。
4.A词义猜测题。根据第五段中的The infrmatin yu share n scial media can be used t depict and target yu，whether that's dne by engineering the clickbait aimed at yur particular interests...可知，黑客通过你在社交媒体上分享的信息，可以了解你、锁定你，进而破解你的密码，最终入侵你的家或办公室。prtect（保护）、pursue（追求；追赶）、fund（资助）均不能用于表示黑客根据用户信息描绘目标形象这一行为。describe（描述）带入原文后符合语境，与depict意思相近。故选A项。