人教版英语八年级上册 Unit10 If you go to the party you'll have a great time!知识点

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Unit10 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!1.The students are talking about when to have a class party.when to have a class party是 “疑问词+动词不定式” 结构“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可作主语、表语或宾语 (作宾语时可转换成相应的宾语从句)Eg:Where to go is a problem.(主语)The important problem is how to tell him the truth.(表语)They have decided where to go.=They have decided where they will go.2....half the class won’t come.half the class相当于half of the class一半学生当half of...结构作主语时，谓语动词与of后面接的词的形式保持一致 Eg:Half of students are talking loudly in the class.Half of water is in the bottle.注意: (1)half of后跟名词，如果名词前有the、this、my等词进行修饰，此时of可以省略。Eg:Half the people are from China.Half this apple is eaten by my brother.half of后接代词时，of不能省略Eg:Half of them enjoyed the party last night.Half(n)半；一半(halves)表示:几个半 数字+名词+and +a half 数字+and +a half Eg:one hour and a half one and a half hours two days and a half two and a half days 3.Can you give me some advice please?advice(不可数名词) 劝告；建议 (可以用some、a piece of/pieces等来修饰)advice(相当于suggestion可数名词)Eg:Lucy came up with a piece of advice.advice的用法如下:ask sb.for advice向某人征求建议give sb.advice on sth.就某事向某人提建议take sb’s advice 听取某人的建议get advice from从...处获得建议Eg:You can ask your mom for advice.He gave us some advice on how to learn English.Take my advice.Don’t do like that.You can get advice from your teachers.advise(v)劝告；建议常见用法:advise sb.(not)to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事advise that+从句 建议...(从句应用should +动原形式,should可省略)Eg:My mom advises me not to stay at home all the time.She advises giving her pocket money to the poor people.The teacher advises that she (should)study hard to pass the exams.4.If people have problems,they should try to keep them to themselves.keep(v)保留；保存常用短语:keep...to oneself保守秘密 (keep a secret/keep sth.quiet)Eg:I hope you can keep the secret to yourself.keep oneself to oneself 不与人来往；不交际Eg:He is a shy boy,so he always keeps himeself to himeself.keep的常见用法:keep sth.保存某物；保管某物 (常与how long或与一段时间连用)Eg:How long can I keep your book? (你的书我能借多久？)keep doing sth.一直做某事；坚持做某事Eg:Don’t keep asking foolish questions.keep +adj 保持(某种状态) (keep为系动词，后接adj作表语)Eg:Please keep quiet.keep sb./sth.+adj 使某人或某物保持某种状态 Eg:We should keep the classroom clean.keep sb./sth.away (from)使某人/某物远离(...)Eg:Keep the dog away from the room.5.Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork...在(做)...方面有问题have some problems with... have some problems (in)doing sth.have some trouble with... have some trouble (in)doing sth.have some difficulty with... have some difficulty (in)doing sth.6.Unless we talk to someone,we’ll certainly feel worse.unless(conj)除非;如果不 (相当于if...not...)常用来引导条件状语从句(主将从现)Eg:I shall go to the library unless it rains. I shall go to the library if it doesn’t rain.unless引导条件句，主要用于下列情况主句为肯定句Eg:You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.主句为否定句Eg:Unless you work hard,you won’t pass the exam.7.He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.trust:(vt)相信；信任(后接n/pron/to do/that 引导的宾语从句)Eg:No one trusts him except himself.We trust that you will keep it to yourself.I trust my children to do it by themselves.trust:(vi) 信任(常接介词in trust in信任)Eg:You should trust in your own judgement.辨析:trust与believetrust:强调“信任、信赖”(相当于believe in sb.)believe:相信某人(说的话是真的)Eg:I believe him,but I don’t always trust him.8.Who else can you get advice from?else(adv)别的；其他的(一般用在疑问代词who、what等)或不定代词(something、nothing、somebody、anyone等)之后Eg:Who else do you want to go with?What else would you like to eat?Do you have anything else to say?辨析: else与otherelse(adv)其他的；别的(一般用在不定代词或疑问代词之后)Eg:What else do you want?other:(adj)其他的(用来修饰名词)Eg:What other things do you want?If 引导的条件状语从句1.定义:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为多种，if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，因此称为：条件状语从句Eg:If you study hard,you will pass the exam.2.结构：If+陈述句，主语+谓语 主语+谓语+if+陈述句Eg:If you ask him,he will tell you the truth.He will tell you the truth if you ask him.3.if引导的条件状语从句与主句时态的一致性在复合句中，从句中动词的时态在一定程度上受到主句动词时态的制约，这在英语语法中称为时态呼应 在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时表将来Eg:If it rains,I will stay at home.如果主句含有must、may、can等情态动词，从句也要用一般现在时Eg:If you drive too fast,you may have an accident.You must stop if the traffic light turns red.如果主句是祈使句，从句也要用一般现在时Eg:Don’t go and play basketball if you don’t finish your homework.if条件句与其他句式的转化不定式短语与条件状语从句之间的转化It will be a great mistake for us to wait another week.转换成:It will be a great mistake if we wait another week.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句.如果是用or连接，那么if引导的条件状语从句要用否定形式；如果用and连接，则用肯定形式Eg:Hurry up,or we’ll miss our train.If we don’t hurry up,we’ll miss our train.Work hard,and you’ll catch up with your classmates.If you work hard,you’ll catch up with your classmates.5.if引导条件状语从句与if引导宾语从句的区别(1)if引导条件状语从句时，表示：假如、如果 (条件状语从句可位于句首/句末)if引导宾语从句时，表示:是否、是不是 (意义同：whether,位于及物动词之后)Eg:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go hiking.Please tell me if you know the answer.在if引导条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。而在if的引导宾语从句中，若主句动词为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据语境确定；若主句动词为一般现在时，宾语从句中用过去时态的某种形式Eg:He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.He asked me if I could help him.