备战2025年高考二轮复习英语阅读理解 文体分类练4　说明文之研究报告，书评类（Word版附解析）

这是一份备战2025年高考二轮复习英语阅读理解 文体分类练4　说明文之研究报告，书评类（Word版附解析），共7页。
难度:★★★☆☆
Nbdy knws yet what the best way f remving all that carbn will be,but scientists arund the wrld are develping a new methd.The Swiss cmpany Climewrks is building big extractr(抽油烟机) fans t remve carbn.
But ther scientists are lking t nature’s carbn cycle fr inspiratin.They’re lking fr ways t imprve it,speed it up and help it take mre carbn ut f the air permanently.
One f thse scientists is Prfessr Luke Mackinder,a plant bilgist at the University f Yrk.His research int carbn remval is inspired by cean algae(海藻).“Abut half f carbn absrptin takes place in the cean,” he says.“Algae are extremely efficient at absrbing it.”
In rder t d this,his team has studied the genetic cde(基因密码) f algae t wrk ut which genes play a vital rle in carbn absrptin.He believes they have nw figured this ut.“Nw we have a list and we can start thinking abut hw t bring them tgether in different living things,” he says.“We place the genes int thse f ther plants.It’s genetic mdificatin.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them t a range f crps and trees.The resulting increased prductin culd be gd fr fd security.Alternatively,they culd help t enhance the influence f climate change.It all depends n what we d with the carbn nce it’s trapped in thse plants.Eating them wuld quickly return it t the atmsphere.But if instead we find ways t stre it,we culd keep it ut f the atmsphere fr gd.
Dave Hillyard,chief administratr f the Carbn Technlgy Research Fundatin that is funding Mackinder’s research,says that it is imprtant t fund wrk n a wide range f carbn remval methds,because “sme will nt get the results they’re lking fr and sme will succeed.There are a lt f pprtunities here but very little funding and research ging int it.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于利用藻类除碳的研究。
1.What is discussed in the first paragraph?
A.An apprach t carbn remval.
B.A way t imprve big extractr fans.
C.A means f jining a cmpany.
D.A methd f ding scientific research.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知,第一段讨论了一种去除碳的方法。故选A项。
2.Why des Prfessr Luke Mackinder fcus n cean algae?
A.It is secure. B.It is effective.
C.It is sufficient.D.It is accessible.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Algae are extremely efficient at absrbing it.”可知,卢克·麦金德教授关注海洋藻类是因为它是有效的。故选B项。
3.What can we knw abut the genes f algae frm the furth paragraph?
A.They bring abut great side effects.
B.They are useless fr carbn absrptin.
C.They help increase fd prductin.
D.They have been put int ther plants.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“We place the genes int thse f ther plants.It’s genetic mdificatin.”可知,藻类的基因被植入到其他植物中。故选D项。
4.What is required accrding t Dave Hillyard?
A.The gvernment’s permissin.
B.Mre scientists’ participatin.
C.Increasing experimental chances.
D.The input int the research.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“There are a lt f pprtunities here but very little funding and research ging int it.”可知,根据Dave Hillyard的说法,对研究的投入是需要的。故选D项。
Passage 2(2024福建福州三模)
主题:机器学习研究 词数:367
难度:★★★☆☆
Our species’ incredible capacity t quickly acquire wrds frm 300 by age 2 t ver 1,000 by age 4 isn’t fully understd.Sme cgnitive scientists and linguists have therized that peple are brn with built-in expectatins and lgical cnstraints (约束) that make this pssible.Nw,hwever,machine-learning research is shwing that preprgrammed assumptins aren’t necessary t swiftly pick up wrd meanings frm minimal data.
A team f scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence mdel t match images t wrds using just 61 hurs f naturalistic ftage (镜头) and sund—previusly cllected frm a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.Althugh it’s a small slice f a child’s life,it was apparently enugh t prmpt the AI t figure ut what certain wrds mean.
The findings suggest that language acquisitin culd be simpler than previusly thught.Maybe children “dn’t need a custm-built,high-class language-specific mechanism” t efficiently grasp wrd meanings,says Jessica Sullivan,an assciate prfessr f psychlgy at Skidmre Cllege.“This is a really beautiful study,” she says,“because it ffers evidence that simple infrmatin frm a child’s wrldview is rich enugh t kick-start pattern recgnitin and wrd cmprehensin.”
The new study als demnstrates that it’s pssible fr machines t learn similarly t the way that humans d.Large language mdels are trained n enrmus amunts f data that can include billins and smetimes trillins f wrd cmbinatins.Humans get by n rders f magnitude less infrmatin,says the paper’s lead authr Wai Keen Vng.With the right type f data,that gap between machine and human learning culd narrw dramatically.
Yet additinal study is necessary in certain aspects f the new research.Fr ne,the scientists acknwledge that their findings dn’t prve hw children acquire wrds.Mrever,the study nly fcused n recgnizing the wrds fr physical bjects.
Still,it’s a step tward a deeper understanding f ur wn mind,which can ultimately help us imprve human educatin,says Eva Prtelance,a cmputatinal linguistics researcher.She ntes that AI research can als bring clarity t lng-unanswered questins abut urselves.“We can use these mdels in a gd way,t benefit science and sciety,” Prtelance adds.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在机器学习研究表明,要从最少的数据中快速获取单词的含义并不需要预先编程的假设。
5.What is a significant finding f machine-learning research?
A.Vcabulary increases gradually with age.
B.Vcabulary can be acquired frm minimal data.
C.Language acquisitin is tied t built-in expectatins.
D.Language acquisitin is as cmplex as frmerly assumed.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Nw,hwever,machine-learning research is shwing that preprgrammed assumptins aren’t necessary t swiftly pick up wrd meanings frm minimal data.”可知,机器学习研究的一个重要发现是词汇可以从最小的数据中获得。
6.What des the underlined wrd “prmpt” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Facilitate. B.Persuade.
C.Advise.D.Expect.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“A team f scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence mdel t match images t wrds using just 61 hurs f naturalistic ftage and sund—previusly cllected frm a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.”可知,虽然只是孩子生活中的一小部分,但显然足以促使人工智能弄清楚某些单词的意思。prmpt意为“促使”。
7.What is discussed abut the new research in paragraph 5?
A.Its limitatins.B.Its strengths.
C.Its uniqueness.D.Its prcess.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段内容可知,第五段主要讲述了这项新研究的局限性。
8.What is Eva Prtelance’s attitude t the AI research?
A.Dubtful.B.Cautius.
C.Dismissive.D.Psitive.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“She ntes that AI research can als bring clarity t lng-unanswered questins abut urselves.‘We can use these mdels in a gd way,t benefit science and sciety,’Prtelance adds.”可推知,Eva Prtelance对人工智能研究的态度是积极的。
Passage 3(2024河北保定一模)
主题:手势对听众的影响 词数:330
难度:★★★☆☆
Pliticians,business bsses,and ther types f leaders indeed tend t like speaking with their hands,but des the habit influence hw thers interpret thse wrds?T get t the bttm f it,a team f researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Psychlinguistics cnducted a series f experiments n vlunteers wh viewed vides f peple speaking with and withut hand mvements.
After shwing the vlunteers vides f peple speaking under different cnditins,the researchers asked them questins abut what they had heard.Sme cnditins invlved the speaker stressing different parts f wrds in a sentence.Other cnditins invlved the speaker making varius types f hand gestures,such as pinting and sweeping mvements.The team recrded the vlunteers as they viewed the vide recrdings,questining the vlunteers afterward abut what they had seen and heard.
Researchers fund that the vlunteers were mre affected by syllables(音节) spken with the cnjunctin f hand gestures:In 20 percent f the cases,the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture.Interestingly,hwever,vlunteers were 40 percent mre likely t hear the wrng sund when a mismatch between the wrd spken and the hand gesture ccurred.
Bdy language expert Carl Gman said,“Studies have fund that speaking with yur hands really can change the view f yur character.Peple wh cmmunicate thrugh active gesturing tend t be cnsidered warm,agreeable,and energetic,while thse wh remain still are seen as lgical,cld,and analytic.In fact,a 2015 study that studied TED Talks,which psts internatinal talks nline,fund that the mst ppular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least ppular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an imprtant part f in-persn cmmunicatin that have a direct impact n what the listener hears.Furthermre,they suggest that ur respnses t hand gestures may be smething we learn as we grw up.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现,在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。
9.What’s the researchers’ purpse f ding the experiments?
A.T examine the vlunteers’ interpreting skills.
B.T test the effect hand gestures have n speaking.
C.T recrd the vlunteers’ questins fr the speaker.
D.T cnfirm the influence hand mvements have n leaders.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。
10.What did the researchers find in the experiments?
A.Hand mvements affected what the listener heard.
B.The speaker stressed different parts f wrds in a sentence.
C.Peple speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D.The mst ppular speakers used mre gestures than the least ppular speakers did.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent f the cases,the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture.Interestingly,hwever,vlunteers were 40 percent mre likely t hear the wrng sund when a mismatch between the wrd spken and the hand gesture ccurred.”可知,研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。
11.What des the underlined wrd “cnjunctin” mean in paragraph 3?
A.Assistance.B.Cmbinatin.
C.Disturbance.D.Interpretatin.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent f the cases,the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture.”可推知,此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响,所以cnjunctin意为“结合”。
12.What may the researchers agree with?
A.Gestures can influence thers’ view n ne’s persnality.
B.Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C.In-persn cmmunicatin helps interpret gestures.
D.Respnses t gestures are learning behavir.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermre,they suggest that ur respnses t hand gestures may be smething we learn as we grw up.”可推知,研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。