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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课时训练
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课时训练，共20页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成句子，完成句子，根据汉语意思填写单词，阅读理解，用单词的适当形式完成短文，告知信/通知，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
拓展词汇变形
rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivr n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shcked adj. 震惊的→shcking adj. 令人震惊的
breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
wisdm n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
pwer n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pwerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→pwerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptin n. 爆发
calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
length n. 长；长度→lng adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
核心短语互译
refer t 指的是；参考，查阅；提到
used t 过去常常
set up 建立
at least 至少
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in shck 震惊；吃惊
blw away 吹走；刮走
cme t an end 结束
fall dwn 倒塌
cut acrss 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
as usual 和往常一样
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
in the pen air 露天；在户外
n hand 现有(尤指帮助)
stay/keep calm 保持平静
stay away frm 远离
make sure 确保
fight the fire 扑火
fldhit area 洪灾地区
rescue wrker 营救人员
hundreds f 成百上千的
nthing but 只有；仅仅
dig ut 挖出
the number f ……的数量
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．With n rain fr ver a year, the city is suffering ________ unusually ht weather.
2．Given the fast pace f the jb market nw, 21st century emplyees are faced with challenges _______ their parents never experienced.
3．On the hill were maple trees ________ leaves had turned red.
4．The crps died during the ________ (dry).
5．The earthquake shuld be respnsible fr the______ (dead) and lss.
6．The suth f the cuntry ________(affect) by the fld last year.
7．Temperature and the ______ (lng) f day are traditinally accepted as the main factrs in affecting when leaves change clur and fall.
8．_______ summary, it is my pinin that the whle prcess f treatment was very successful.
9．Many Lithuanians have expressed dubts abut the ________ (wise) f the decisin.
10．Belw is a ________ (summarize) f what we talked abut.
11．What he did had a bad ________(affect) n children’s behaviur.
12．What ________(strike) her was that the beauty f the place was beynd descriptin.
13．It was really a terrifying experience. Afterwards everybdy was very ________(shck).
14．Althugh the plite British apprach t ________ (deliver) jkes means that smetimes it’s difficult t even tell if it is a jke r nt.
15．Hld yur ________(breathe) fr a cunt f five, then slwly breathe ut.
16．Medical wrkers were asked t give up their hlidays because f the natinal ________(emerge).
17．Quite a few peple used t believe _____ (disaster) were sure t strike if a mirrr was brken.
18．The whle village ______(destry) in the sudden fld last year, leaving nthing t the native peple.
19．My new white dress was ttally ______(ruin) by the dirty water.
20．She used an umbrella t take shelter ______ the burning sun.
21．He has great difficulty in catching ______(he) breath.
22．She received many letters f supprt frm fellw__________(suffer).
23．The brain requires cnstant ______(supply) f xygen.
24．In the traffic accident, the _______________(survive) were all badly injured.
25．All things there gave him a feeling f security and ______(calm).
26．Please evacuate the building _________(immediate).
27．The criminal escaped ________ helicpter.
28．The fficials ___________ (helicpter) abard the ship.
29．The farm came t him n his father’s death, but he was nt ________ (interest) in being a farmer.
30．She was ________ (deep) affected by the sad stry.
二、完成句子
31．多年的战斗使这个村庄严重受损。
Years f fighting have left the village________ ________.
32．仿佛世界末日即将来临。
It ______ ______ _______ the wrld were cming t an end.
33．你会获得你从未获得过的体验。
Yu’ll gain the experience ________ ________ ________ ________.
34．他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
They _______________the burning building.
35．我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。
________ ________ ________ that we shuld wrk ut a new plan.
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
36．Bth students have made quite a few experiments n ________(电).
37．It is said that a team f sldiers were sent t the area ________(影响) by the fld.
38．His head ________ (撞) the bttm when he dived int the 6-feet end f the pl.
39．They had accidentally damaged a gas __________(管子) while drilling.
40．The whle cuntry is lking frward t the ________(营救) f the miners.
41．A fisherman is trying t ________ (幸存) a strm.
42．He says it’s like a vlcan ready t ________(喷发).
43．We will __________(遭受) hardship in ur life, but we shuld stick t ur dream and wrk hard t realise it.
44．As far as I’m cncerned, ur success is the fruit f everyne’s ________ (智慧).
45．Culd yu help me write a ________(概要) f this passage and send it t me n Mnday?
46．After the big fire, the huse lay in ________(废墟)
47．Befre I went ff t university, my father gave me a few wrds f ________(智慧).
48．The twn was cmpletely ______ (毁灭) by a fld but was sn rebuilt in a year.
49．Because f the ________(洪水), the number f hmeless peple has increased rapidly.
50．They have received ntice f an appraching ________ (台风).
参考答案：
1．frm
【详解】考查介词。句意：由于一年多没有下雨，这座城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语suffer frm意为“遭受”符合句意。故填frm。
2．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鉴于现在就业市场的快节奏，21世纪的员工面临着他们的父辈从未经历过的挑战。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词challenges，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导句子，故填that/which。
3．whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：山上有枫树，它们的叶子都变红了。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词maple trees，指物，且maple trees和leaves之间是所属关系，表示“这些枫树的叶子”，应用whse引导从句，作定语。故填whse。
4．drught
【详解】考查名词。句意：庄稼在干旱期间枯死了。分析句子，设空处使用dry的名词drught作宾语，意为“干旱”。故填drught。
5．death
【详解】考查名词。句意：地震应该对死亡和损失负责。根据空前定冠词“the”及空后“and lss”可知，此处用名词death，与名词lss并列作介词fr的宾语。故填death。
6．was affected
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：去年该国南部受洪水影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语last year可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，affect与句子主语The suth f the cuntry之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填was affected。
7．length
【详解】考查名词。句意：温度和白天的时长素来被认为是影响树叶何时变色和凋落的主要因素。空处与Temperature并列，在句中作主语，故应填名词length“长度”，the length f“……的长度”。故填length。
8．In
【详解】考查介词。句意：总之，我认为整个治疗过程是非常成功的。in summary总之，固定短语，首字母应大写。故填In。
9．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多立陶宛人对这一决定是否明智表示怀疑。结合空前的the可知，此处应填名词形式作介词abut的宾语，wisdm智慧，不可数名词，故填wisdm。
10．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：下面是我们讨论的摘要。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，summarize的名词是summary，意为“摘要，总结”，故填summary。
11．effect
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的所作所为对孩子们的行为产生了不良影响。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词effect，作宾语，前面有冠词a，名词用单数。故填effect。
12．struck
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：令她印象深刻的是，那地方美得难以形容。分析句子可知，设空处在what引导的主语从句中作谓语，应用动词，结合其他谓语动词时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事。故填struck。
13．shcked
【详解】考查形容词。句意：那真是一次可怕的经历。后来每个人都很震惊。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作表语，结合句意可知，此处指每个人都“感到震惊”，修饰人，应用-ed结尾的形容词shcked。故填shcked。
14．delivering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管英国人讲笑话的礼貌方式意味着有时甚至很难辦别出这是不是笑话。短语apprach t做……的方法，t是介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。故填delivering。
15．breath
【详解】考查名词。句意：屏住气息数五下，然后慢慢地呼气。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词，hld ne’s breath为固定短语，表示“屏住呼吸”。故填 breath。
16．emergency
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于国家处于紧急状态，医务人员被要求放弃休假。空处需填名词emergency，作宾语。故填emergency。
17．disasters
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：过去有不少人认为，如果镜子摔坏了，灾难一定会降临。此处作宾语从句的主语，应用名词，根据谓语动词were可知，主语为复数。故填disasters。
18．was destryed
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：整个村庄在去年突然的洪水中被毁了，当地人什么也没留下。村庄是被毁，由last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were dne，主语village是单数，因此空格处是was destryed。故填was destryed。
19．ruined
【详解】考查语态。句意：我的新白裙子完全被脏水给毁了。主语My new white dress与ruin之间为被动关系，所以was后用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意，故填ruined。
20．frm
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她用一把伞挡住烈日。shelter frm为固定搭配，表示“保护、防止”，此处指挡住烈日。故填frm。
21．his
【详解】考查代词。句意：他很难屏住呼吸。此处为catch ne's breath“屏住呼吸”，且主语为he，故应用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。
22．sufferers
【详解】考查名词。句意：她收到了许多受害者的支持信。分析句子可知，空处放在介词frm后，应用名词作宾语，结合句意可知，她收到了来自受害者的支持信，sufferer受害者，此处不止一个，用复数形式。故填sufferers。
23．supplies
【详解】考查名词。句意：大脑需要持续的供氧。supply为可数名词，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填supplies。
24．survivrs
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在交通事故中，幸存者全部受重伤。此处做主语表示“幸存者”应用名词survivr，且根据下文were可知应用复数形式。故填survivrs。
25．calmness
【详解】考查名词。句意：那里的一切都给了他一种安全和平静的感觉。在介词f后应用名词calmness表示“平静”，抽象概念，不可数。故填calmness。
26．immediately
【详解】考查副词。句意：请立即撤离大楼。修饰动词evacuate应用副词immediately，作状语。故填immediately。
27．frm
【详解】考查介词。句意：罪犯从直升机上逃走了。短语escape frm表示“从……逃走”，故填frm。
28．were helicptered
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：官员们乘直升飞机上了船。官员们被用直升机送上船，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语fficials是复数，因此空格处是were helicptered。故填were helicptered。
29．interested
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他父亲死后，他继承了农场，但他对当农民不感兴趣。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定搭配be interested in“对……感兴趣”，形容词作表语。故填interested。
30．deeply
【详解】考查副词。句意：她深受这个悲伤故事的影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示抽象意义的“深深地”，所以使用deeply。故填deeply。
31． in ruins
【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“严重受损”，应用介词短语为in ruins。故填①in；②ruins。
32． seemed as if/thugh
【详解】考查固定句型。根据中文意思可知，空处表示的意思为“仿佛”，应用固定句型seem as if/thugh，as if/thugh引导表语从句，根据从句时态可知，主句使用一般过去时，seem应为seemed。故填①seemed；②as；③if/thugh。
33． yu have never gt
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和副词。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“experience”，指事物，“yu”表示“你”，作从句主语，从句应用现在完成时，表示到现在为止，从未获得过的体验，“yu”与“have”连用，“never”意为“从未”，副词词性，“get”意为“获得”，动词词性，过去分词为“gt”，从句中缺少宾语，故应用“that”或“which”引导从句，可省略，“yu have never gt”表示“你从未获得过的”。故填yu; have; never; gt。
34．were trapped in
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主谓一致，表示“被困”用一般过去时的被动语态were trapped，动词trap和主语是被动关系；表示“在……里面”用介词in。故填were trapped in。
35． It struck/hit me
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据汉语可知，句子应该是在描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时。空处表示“我突然想到”，可用固定句型“it struck/hit sb. that+从句”，“我”用me，且第一空位于句首，首字母需大写。故依次可填It、struck/hit、me。
36．electricity
【详解】考查名词。句意：两个学生都做了不少关于电的实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词electricity“电力”，作宾语。满足句意要求。故填electricity。
37．affected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说一队士兵被派往受洪水影响的地区。“影响”是affect，that引导的主语从句中谓语是were sent，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词area，与其逻辑主语area之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故填affected。
38．struck
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他跳入6英尺深的泳池时，头撞到池底。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处填动词，根据所给中文提示词应是strike意为“撞”，根据后文的dived可知用一般过去时。故填struck。
39．pipe
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在钻探时意外损坏了一根煤气管道。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词pipe，可数名词，作宾语，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填pipe。
40．rescue
【详解】考查名词。句意：全国人民都在盼望着营救矿工们。根据“f the miners”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词rescue，作lking frward t的宾语，和f the miners搭配，表示“营救矿工们”，且此处特指对矿工们的营救，rescue用单数形式。故填rescue。
41．survive
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个渔夫在暴风雨中挣扎求生。分析句子结构可知，空前的t是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是survive意为“幸存”。故填survive。
42．erupt
【详解】考查动词。句意：他说它就像一座即将喷发的火山。根据词义“喷发”可知，应填动词erupt，be ready t d：准备做某事，故填erupt。
43．suffer
【详解】考查动词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们会遭受苦难，但我们应该坚持我们的梦想，努力实现它。根据“hardship”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词suffer，表示“遭受苦难”，且空前已有情态动词will，suffer应用原形。故填suffer。
44．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我看来，我们的成功是每个人智慧的结晶。分析句子可知，“智慧”为名词wisdm，作介词f的宾语，为不可数名词。故填wisdm。
45．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能帮我写一篇这篇文章的摘要并在星期一寄给我吗？根据空格前的冠词 a可知，空格处应填名词单数形式，根据汉语提示“概要”是summary，为可数名词。故填summary。
46．ruins
【详解】考查名词。句意：大火过后，房子成了一片废墟。根据汉语意思提示可知，名词ruin“废墟”符合题意，此处为介词短语in ruins“成为废墟”。故填ruins。
47．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我去上大学之前，我父亲给了我几句至理名言。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“智慧”应为wisdm，且为不可数名词，wrds f wisdm意为“至理名言”。故填wisdm。
48．destryed
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：这个城镇被洪水完全摧毁了，但很快在一年内就重建了。“毁灭”是句中谓语，用动词destry表示，与主语The twn之间是被动动词，用过去分词destryed与助动词was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填destryed。
49．fld
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于这场洪水，流离失所的人的数量激增。根据汉语提示“洪水”可知，空处需填名词fld，作介词宾语。故填fld。
50．typhn
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们已收到一个台风即将来临的通知。根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词typhn，作宾语。故填typhn。
高考能力提升
四、阅读理解
A
Here’s hw the Pacific Nrthwest is preparing fr “The Big One”. It’s the mther f all disaster drills fr what culd be the wrst disaster in American histry. Califrnia has spent years preparing fr “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undubtedly bring abut all kinds f damage alng the famus San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs alng the Pacific Nrthwest delivers a gigantic earthquake f its wn? If the peple f the Cascadia regin have anything t d with it, they wn’t be caught unawares.
The regin is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill invlving arund 20, 000 peple. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency respnders a chance t practice what t d in case f a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami alng ne f the natin’s dangerus and underestimated faults.
The Cascadia Earthquake Zne is big enugh t cmpete with San Andreas (it’s been called the mst dangerus fault in America), but it’s much lesser knwn than its Califrnia cusin. Nearly 700 miles lng, the earthquake zne is lcated by the Nrth American Plate ff the cast f Pacific British Clumbia. Washingtn, Oregn and Nrthern Califrnia.
Cascadia is what’s knwn as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subductin znes(俯冲带)— plate tectnic(板块构造)bundaries where tw plates cnverge(相交). In the areas where ne plate is beneath anther, stress builds up ver time. During a megathrust event, all f that stress releases and sme f the wrld’s mst pwerful earthquake ccur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean ff Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate mved beneath the Burma micr-plate.
The last time a majr earthquake ccurred alng the Cascadia fault was in 1700, s fficials wrry that anther event culd ccur any time. T prevent that event frm becming a severe disaster, first respnders will jin members f the public in rehearsals that invlve cmmunicatin, evacuatin, search and rescue, and ther pssible situatins.
Thusands f casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were t ccur. First, the earthquake wuld shake metrplitan areas including Seattle and Prtland. This culd cause a tsunami that wuld create damage alng the cast. Nt all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by crdinating acrss lcal, state, and even natinal brders, fficials hpe that the wrst-case situatin can be prevented. On the exercise’s website, fficials explain that the reprt they prepare during this rehearsal will infrm disaster management fr years t cme.
Fr hundreds f thusands f Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a questin f if, nly when. And it’s never t early t get ready fr the inevitable.
51．What des “The Big One” refer t?
A．A gigantic gelgical fault in America.
B．A large-scale drill t prepare fr disasters.
C．A massive and destructive natural disaster.
D．Mass destructin caused by the earthquake.
52．What is the purpse f the Cascadia Rising drill?
A．T prepare peple fr a majr earthquake and tsunami.
B．T increase residents’awareness f upcming disasters.
C．T teach peple nw hw adapt t pst-disaster life.
D．T cpe with the aftermath f a pssible earthquake.
53．What happens in case f a megathrust earthquake accrding t the passage?
A．Tw plates merge int ne.B．A variety f frces cnverge.
C．Bundaries blur between plates.D．Enrmus stress is released.
54．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．A large-scale drill is suppsed t prevent deaths in the earthquake.
B．San Andreas fault nce delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean.
C．N massive earthquake is expected t strike Califmia in the near future.
D．Disaster-relief effrts at different levels may help reduce pssible lsses.
B
Lightning(闪电) strikes mre than eight millin times a day wrldwide. That’s abut 93 times per secnd. What a phenmenn!
Hw ht is a lightning blt? Abut 50, 000°F-five times htter than the surface f the sun. Yes, it really can rain frgs, fish, and ther decidedly dd things. It’s a rare meterlgical(气象学的) event, but scientists say strng winds frm a trnad r frm a strm can be pwerful enugh t drive animals and bjects high int the air, and they have t cmedwn eventually.
It is a bad idea t take a shwer during a thunderstrm. If lightning hits yur huse, it can travel thrugh yur plumbing(管道设备) and shck anyne wh cmes int cntact with water flwing thrugh it. Peple have been shcked r killed while bathing, washing dishes and clthes. This is als why indr pls ften clse during strms. Rubber tires are nt what prtect yu frm lightning when yu’re in yur car. Yu’re prtected because when lightning hits a car, it travels arund the utside f the metal structure t get t the grund. Just be careful nt t tuch any metal areas inside.
Lightning can strike the same place twice—and it ften des, especially bjects that are tall, pinty, and separated. The Empire State Building, fr example, is hit almst 100 times a year, accrding t the CDC．
Yu can be struck by lightning even when it’s n training. Abut 10 percent f lightning strikes take place when there’s n rainfall. In the 1980s, NASA flew ne airplane thrugh 1.496 thunderstrms. It was struck by lightning mre than 700 times. Tday, a cmmercial airplane will be hit by lightning abut nce a year n average, typically with n ill effects. It has been decades since a U.S. airliner has crashed as a result f a lightning strike.
T deal with such a frequent phenmenn, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant ballns frm almst 900 lcatins wrldwide. The ballns measure abve grund weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they prvide vital infrmatin that meterlgists use t make frecasts and predict lightning.
55．What can lightning lead t accrding t the text?
A．Burning everything.B．Raining animals.
C．Shcking everybdy utdrs.D．Hitting an bject fr nce.
56．What is the right thing t d during a lightning strike?
A．Take abath at hme.B．Swim in a pl.
C．Avid metal things.D．Stand under at all tree.
57．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．N sign f rainfall means n lightning.
B．Effrts have been made t keep aircraft safe.
C．Cmmercial planes can escape lightning hits.
D．The Empire State Building faces mst lightning strikes.
58．What reduces the damage f a lightning strike?
A．Lightning lcatin.B．Measurement ballns.
C．Changing wind directin.D．Weather frecast and predictin.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Flds are cmmn and frequently destructive natural events that annually affect arund 250 millin peple wrldwide. Thugh the causes f flds — usually heavy rainfall r 59 (melt) shw — are unavidable, knwledge f the crrect prcedures befre, during and after a fld can make 60 difference.
Befre a fld ccurs, we must wrk t reduce the risk t peple and their 61 (valuable). Firstly, yu shuld prepare disaster supplies 62 include a light surce, sleeping bags, warm clthes, and mst imprtantly, at least three days f fd and drinking water. Secndly, yu shuld bring the mst imprtant bjects t the upper levels f yur huse, ensuring that they will be less likely 63 (ruin).
During a fld, it’s imprtant t leave 64 yu are immediately. The lnger yu stay, the mre danger yu’ll be in. Be sure t mve t 65 (high) grund. If yu’re already inside a building, mve t the upper flr. Dn’t walk r drive thrugh the mving fldwater, since as little as 15 centimeters f mving water 66 (be) enugh t knck dwn an adult, and 60 centimeters can wash mst cars away.
67 a fld, be attentive enugh t fficial news reprts t find ut when it’s safe t return t yur hme. As yu return hme, watch ut fr pssible dangers. The fld may have damaged rads and pwer lines already. Keep away frm the 68 (pllute) fld water as it may be unsafe t tuch.
六、告知信/通知
69．假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。内容包括：
1. 时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；
2. 讲座意义；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应在80词左右。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
七、读后续写
70．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Hurricane Lan bre dwn n Flrida, many residents wh stayed put fund themselves unable t leave even if they tried. Fr hurs they were frced t fight heavy winds and attempt t escape flding inside lng-lved hmes that had becme frightening, deadly traps. Within days, arund 100 deaths in the state wuld be attributed t the hurricane, many f them were lder residents wh drwned.
When the water slipped in under the dr f their hme, it was just a glimmer n the flr, a sign that it was time t g. It was Wednesday, Sept.28, arund nn, and Bishp wke up her tw brthers, wh had been resting after lunch. She pulled the wheelchair up t the ldest, Russell, 67. Her ther brther, Tdd, 63, culd manage with a walker.
Bth men had been brn with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), and their mental develpment was like that f a yung child. Abut 10 years ag, they started shwing signs f Parkinsn’s disease. But they fund jy in their surrundings. Tdd liked cllecting cans at the beach. Russell lved riding the bus and ging t parks. Bishp, 61, was their lifeline, their little sister wh had lng felt an bligatin t keep them safe.
“We’ve gt t get ging!” she shuted t them. She went t pen the frnt dr. It wuld nt mve. The weight f the water n the ther side had made it shut. She rushed t try the dr t the garage. It, t, was stuck. That’s when the huse began t fld. It went frm ankle-deep t knee-deep in less than five minutes. Bishp knew that there was n way ut.
Nw Bishp and her brthers were trapped. At 12:34 p.m., she called 911 but culdn’t get thrugh. There was n ne she culd get in tuch with. T try her frtune, she texted a neighbr, Walters, wh was always there when neighbrs were in need, “Water’s cming in.” Arund her, she culd hear the dining rm hutch (餐具柜) tipping and crashing, the china breaking, the refrigeratr tppling ver.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The nly way t g was up, s Bishp guided her tw bthers t the stairs.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bishp sank int despair, but she nticed it seemed water stpped cming in.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡斯卡迪亚地区的人们正在为有可能发生的地震和海啸做防范演习。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Califrnia has spent years preparing fr “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undubtedly bring abut all kinds f damage alng the famus San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs alng the Pacific Nrthwest delivers a gigantic earthquake f its wn? If the peple f the Cascadia regin have anything t d with it, they wn’t be caught unawares.”（加州已经为“大地震”做了多年的准备——这场不可避免的地震无疑会给著名的圣安德烈亚斯断层带来各种破坏。但如果沿太平洋西北方向的断层本身也引发了一场大地震呢？如果卡斯卡迪亚地区的人与此事有关，他们不会措手不及的。）可推知，“Big One”指的是一场大规模的破坏性自然灾害。故选C项。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency respnders a chance t practice what t d in case f a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami alng ne f the natin’s dangerus and underestimated faults.”（卡斯卡迪亚提升演练为当地居民和应急人员提供了一一次机会，让他们练习如何应对美国危险的断层带可能发生的9.0级地震和海啸）可知，卡斯卡迪亚提升演习的目的是什么让人们为大地震和海啸做好准备。故选A项。
53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Megathrusts are created in subductin znes— plate tectnic bundaries where tw plates cnverge(相交). In the areas where ne plate is beneath anther, stress builds up ver time. During a megathrust event, all f that stress releases and sme f the wrld’s mst pwerful earthquake ccur.”（巨型逆冲构造形成于俯冲带——两个板块交汇的板块构造边界。在一个板块在另一个板块下面的区域，压力会随着时间的推移而增加。在一次大型逆冲活动中，所有的压力都会释放，世界上最强烈的地震就会发生。）可知，根据文章，如果发生特大逆冲地震，巨大的压力将被释放。故选D项。
54．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Nt all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by crdinating acrss lcal, state, and even natinal brders, fficials hpe that the wrst-case situatin can be prevented.”（并不是所有的伤亡都可以避免，但通过地方、州甚至国家边界的协调，官员们希望可以避免最坏的情况。）以及最后一段“Fr hundreds f thusands f Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a questin f if, nly when. And it’s never t early t get ready fr the inevitable.”（对于成千上万的卡斯卡迪亚居民来说，“大地震”不是会不会发生的问题，而是何时发生的问题。为不可避免的事情做好准备永远不会太早。）可推知，不同层次的救灾努力可能有助于减少可能的损失。故选D项。
55．B 56．C 57．B 58．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了闪电的各个方面。闪电是一种世界范围内的常见现象，每天大约发生800万次，其温度可能比太阳表面还要高。这篇文章还强调了闪电的奇怪现象，以及提到了安全问题，最后，文章解释了气象追踪者发射气球来收集气象数据和预测闪电。
55．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yes, it really can rain frgs, fish, and ther decidedly dd things. (是的，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。)”可知，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。故选B。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Rubber tires are nt what prtect yu frm lightning when yu're in yur car. Yu're prtected because when lightning hits a car, it travels arund the utside f the metal structure t get t the grund. Just be careful nt t tuch any metal areas inside.(当你在车里的时候，橡胶轮胎并不能保护你免受雷击。你受到了保护，因为当闪电击中汽车时，它会绕过金属结构的外部到达地面。只是要小心不要碰里面的金属区域。)”可知，闪电的时候，要避免触碰金属区域。故选C。
57．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“T deal with such a frequent phenmenn, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant ballns frm almst 900 lcatins wrldwide. The ballns measure abve grund weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they prvide vital infrmatin that meterlgists use t make frecasts and predict lightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，为了保证飞机的安全，已经做出了努力。故选B。
58．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“T deal with such a frequent phenmenn, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant ballns frm almst 900 lcatins wrldwide. The ballns measure abve grund weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they prvide vital infrmatin that meterlgists use t make frecasts and predict lightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，天气预报和预测闪电能够减少雷击造成的伤害。故选D。
59．melted 60．a 61．values 62．that/which 63．t be ruined 64．where 65．higher 66．is 67．After 68．plluted
【导语】这是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或冰雪融化——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。
59．考查形容词。句意：虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融化的冰雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。修饰名词snw应用形容词melted，作定语。故填melted。
60．考查冠词。句意：虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融化的冰雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。表示“起到重要作用”短语为make a difference。故填a。
61．考查名词的数。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力减少对人民及其价值观的威胁。根据上文their可知应用复数形式。故填values。
62．考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备救灾物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣服，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。定语从句修饰先行词supplies，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品带到你房子的上层，确保它们不太可能被破坏。此处为短语be likely t d sth.，且they与ruin构成被动关系，故用t be dne形式。故填t be ruined。
64．考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“你所在的地方”应用where引导。故填where。
65．考查比较级。句意：一定要搬到地势较高的地方。此处表示“更高的”应用比较级higher。故填higher。
66．考查主谓一致。句意：不要在移动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只要15厘米的移动水就足以击倒一个成年人，而60厘米的移动水可以将大多数汽车冲走。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，此处主语是15 centimeters f mving water，谓语用单数。故填is。
67．考查介词。句意：洪水过后，要留意官方的新闻报道，看看什么时候回家是安全的。表示“在……之后”应用介词after，首字母大写。故填After。
68．考查形容词。句意：远离被污染的洪水，因为触摸它可能是不安全的。修饰后文fld water应用形容词plluted，作定语。故填plluted。
69．Dear Jim,
Hw’s everything ging? I’m writing t tell yu smething abut a lecture abut earthquake. Our schl has invited Prfessr Zhang, an expert in earthquake, t give us a lecture in the schl hall at 9 ’clck n Sunday mrning. All the teachers and students are welcme t attend it.
Prfessr Zhang will share with us sme knwledge abut earthquakes, such as the cause and damage f it. He will teach sme imprtant skills t prtect urselves during the earthquake. I strngly believe this lecture can benefit us a lt as we can master the skills f survival in an earthquake.
By the way, yu shuld wear a mask if yu attend the lecture. And please arrive befre 8:50.
Lking frward t meeting yu this Sunday.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。内容包括：时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；讲座意义；注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend→take part in
相信：believe→trust
对某人有好处：benefit sb.→be beneficial t sb.
掌握：master→grasp
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our schl has invited Prfessr Zhang, an expert in earthquake, t give us a lecture in the schl hall at 9 ’clck n Sunday mrning.
拓展句：Our schl has invited Prfessr Zhang, wh is an expert in earthquake, t give us a lecture in the schl hall at 9 ’clck n Sunday mrning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] He will teach sme imprtant skills t prtect urselves during the earthquake. (运用了不定式作后置定语)
[高分句型2] I strngly believe this lecture can benefit us a lt as we can master the skills f survival in an earthquake.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
70．One pssible versin:
The nly way t g was up, s Bishp guided her tw bthers t the stairs. First she helped Tdd pull himself slwly up t the secnd flr, where he waited in a chair. But stairs were impssible fr Russell, wh culd nt walk nr bend his stiff legs. Bishp tried hard t pull him up the stairs, but Russell was t heavy fr her. She tried every pssible psitin, switching frm pushing t pulling, but Russel was yelling “I can’t, I can’t” all the time and he was slipping and sliding.
Bishp sank int despair, but she nticed it seemed water stpped cming in. Lking utside, everywhere she saw it was water, and she culd even see cars flating by. “Thank Gd, the wind and the rain stpped.” At arund 6:30 p.m, Bishp heard a familiar vice calling utside, “Hell?! Hell?! Anyne in?” It was Walters. Standing in waist-deep water, Walters instructed tw f his friends t paddle the canes near. Bishp held her brthers tightly in her arms, crying “Thank Gd, Walters is cming t save us!”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了飓风Lan袭击了佛罗里达州，几天之内，该州约有100人死于飓风，其中许多是溺水身亡的老年居民，Bishp叫醒了两个哥哥，她的两个哥哥出生时都患有脑瘫，智力发育就像一个小孩子，大约10年前，他们开始表现出帕金森病的迹象，由于水太多，Bishp打不开门，Bishp和哥哥们被困住了，她给邻居Walters发了一条短信说屋里进水了，Walters在邻居有需要的时候总是在那里。在她周围，她能听到餐厅的厨具被掀翻了，瓷器碎了，冰箱倒了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“唯一的出路就是上楼，所以Bishp带着她的两个哥哥上了楼梯。”可知，第一段可描写Bishp如何尝试带哥哥上楼梯。
②由第二段首句内容“Bishp陷入了绝望，但她注意到水不再进来了。”可知，第二段可描写Bishp和哥哥们如何获救。
2.续写线索：帮助Tdd上楼——帮助拉Russell上楼——Russell上不 了楼——风雨停了——Walters赶到——Walters指示朋友救人——Bishp和哥哥们得救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②拉：pull/draw
③指示：instruct/direct
情绪类
①感谢：thank/be grateful
②紧紧拥抱： in ne’s
【点睛】[高分句型1] First she helped Tdd pull himself slwly up t the secnd flr, where he waited in a chair. (由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] But stairs were impssible fr Russell, wh culd nt walk nr bend his stiff legs. (由关系代词wh引导的非限制性定语从句)
拓展词汇变形
rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivr n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shcked adj. 震惊的→shcking adj. 令人震惊的
breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
wisdm n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
pwer n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pwerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→pwerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptin n. 爆发
calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
length n. 长；长度→lng adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
核心短语互译
refer t 指的是；参考，查阅；提到
used t 过去常常
set up 建立
at least 至少
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in shck 震惊；吃惊
blw away 吹走；刮走
cme t an end 结束
fall dwn 倒塌
cut acrss 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
as usual 和往常一样
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
in the pen air 露天；在户外
n hand 现有(尤指帮助)
stay/keep calm 保持平静
stay away frm 远离
make sure 确保
fight the fire 扑火
fldhit area 洪灾地区
rescue wrker 营救人员
hundreds f 成百上千的
nthing but 只有；仅仅
dig ut 挖出
the number f ……的数量
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．With n rain fr ver a year, the city is suffering ________ unusually ht weather.
2．Given the fast pace f the jb market nw, 21st century emplyees are faced with challenges _______ their parents never experienced.
3．On the hill were maple trees ________ leaves had turned red.
4．The crps died during the ________ (dry).
5．The earthquake shuld be respnsible fr the______ (dead) and lss.
6．The suth f the cuntry ________(affect) by the fld last year.
7．Temperature and the ______ (lng) f day are traditinally accepted as the main factrs in affecting when leaves change clur and fall.
8．_______ summary, it is my pinin that the whle prcess f treatment was very successful.
9．Many Lithuanians have expressed dubts abut the ________ (wise) f the decisin.
10．Belw is a ________ (summarize) f what we talked abut.
11．What he did had a bad ________(affect) n children’s behaviur.
12．What ________(strike) her was that the beauty f the place was beynd descriptin.
13．It was really a terrifying experience. Afterwards everybdy was very ________(shck).
14．Althugh the plite British apprach t ________ (deliver) jkes means that smetimes it’s difficult t even tell if it is a jke r nt.
15．Hld yur ________(breathe) fr a cunt f five, then slwly breathe ut.
16．Medical wrkers were asked t give up their hlidays because f the natinal ________(emerge).
17．Quite a few peple used t believe _____ (disaster) were sure t strike if a mirrr was brken.
18．The whle village ______(destry) in the sudden fld last year, leaving nthing t the native peple.
19．My new white dress was ttally ______(ruin) by the dirty water.
20．She used an umbrella t take shelter ______ the burning sun.
21．He has great difficulty in catching ______(he) breath.
22．She received many letters f supprt frm fellw__________(suffer).
23．The brain requires cnstant ______(supply) f xygen.
24．In the traffic accident, the _______________(survive) were all badly injured.
25．All things there gave him a feeling f security and ______(calm).
26．Please evacuate the building _________(immediate).
27．The criminal escaped ________ helicpter.
28．The fficials ___________ (helicpter) abard the ship.
29．The farm came t him n his father’s death, but he was nt ________ (interest) in being a farmer.
30．She was ________ (deep) affected by the sad stry.
二、完成句子
31．多年的战斗使这个村庄严重受损。
Years f fighting have left the village________ ________.
32．仿佛世界末日即将来临。
It ______ ______ _______ the wrld were cming t an end.
33．你会获得你从未获得过的体验。
Yu’ll gain the experience ________ ________ ________ ________.
34．他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
They _______________the burning building.
35．我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。
________ ________ ________ that we shuld wrk ut a new plan.
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
36．Bth students have made quite a few experiments n ________(电).
37．It is said that a team f sldiers were sent t the area ________(影响) by the fld.
38．His head ________ (撞) the bttm when he dived int the 6-feet end f the pl.
39．They had accidentally damaged a gas __________(管子) while drilling.
40．The whle cuntry is lking frward t the ________(营救) f the miners.
41．A fisherman is trying t ________ (幸存) a strm.
42．He says it’s like a vlcan ready t ________(喷发).
43．We will __________(遭受) hardship in ur life, but we shuld stick t ur dream and wrk hard t realise it.
44．As far as I’m cncerned, ur success is the fruit f everyne’s ________ (智慧).
45．Culd yu help me write a ________(概要) f this passage and send it t me n Mnday?
46．After the big fire, the huse lay in ________(废墟)
47．Befre I went ff t university, my father gave me a few wrds f ________(智慧).
48．The twn was cmpletely ______ (毁灭) by a fld but was sn rebuilt in a year.
49．Because f the ________(洪水), the number f hmeless peple has increased rapidly.
50．They have received ntice f an appraching ________ (台风).
参考答案：
1．frm
【详解】考查介词。句意：由于一年多没有下雨，这座城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语suffer frm意为“遭受”符合句意。故填frm。
2．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鉴于现在就业市场的快节奏，21世纪的员工面临着他们的父辈从未经历过的挑战。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词challenges，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导句子，故填that/which。
3．whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：山上有枫树，它们的叶子都变红了。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词maple trees，指物，且maple trees和leaves之间是所属关系，表示“这些枫树的叶子”，应用whse引导从句，作定语。故填whse。
4．drught
【详解】考查名词。句意：庄稼在干旱期间枯死了。分析句子，设空处使用dry的名词drught作宾语，意为“干旱”。故填drught。
5．death
【详解】考查名词。句意：地震应该对死亡和损失负责。根据空前定冠词“the”及空后“and lss”可知，此处用名词death，与名词lss并列作介词fr的宾语。故填death。
6．was affected
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：去年该国南部受洪水影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语last year可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，affect与句子主语The suth f the cuntry之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填was affected。
7．length
【详解】考查名词。句意：温度和白天的时长素来被认为是影响树叶何时变色和凋落的主要因素。空处与Temperature并列，在句中作主语，故应填名词length“长度”，the length f“……的长度”。故填length。
8．In
【详解】考查介词。句意：总之，我认为整个治疗过程是非常成功的。in summary总之，固定短语，首字母应大写。故填In。
9．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多立陶宛人对这一决定是否明智表示怀疑。结合空前的the可知，此处应填名词形式作介词abut的宾语，wisdm智慧，不可数名词，故填wisdm。
10．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：下面是我们讨论的摘要。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，summarize的名词是summary，意为“摘要，总结”，故填summary。
11．effect
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的所作所为对孩子们的行为产生了不良影响。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词effect，作宾语，前面有冠词a，名词用单数。故填effect。
12．struck
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：令她印象深刻的是，那地方美得难以形容。分析句子可知，设空处在what引导的主语从句中作谓语，应用动词，结合其他谓语动词时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事。故填struck。
13．shcked
【详解】考查形容词。句意：那真是一次可怕的经历。后来每个人都很震惊。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作表语，结合句意可知，此处指每个人都“感到震惊”，修饰人，应用-ed结尾的形容词shcked。故填shcked。
14．delivering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管英国人讲笑话的礼貌方式意味着有时甚至很难辦别出这是不是笑话。短语apprach t做……的方法，t是介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。故填delivering。
15．breath
【详解】考查名词。句意：屏住气息数五下，然后慢慢地呼气。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词，hld ne’s breath为固定短语，表示“屏住呼吸”。故填 breath。
16．emergency
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于国家处于紧急状态，医务人员被要求放弃休假。空处需填名词emergency，作宾语。故填emergency。
17．disasters
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：过去有不少人认为，如果镜子摔坏了，灾难一定会降临。此处作宾语从句的主语，应用名词，根据谓语动词were可知，主语为复数。故填disasters。
18．was destryed
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：整个村庄在去年突然的洪水中被毁了，当地人什么也没留下。村庄是被毁，由last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were dne，主语village是单数，因此空格处是was destryed。故填was destryed。
19．ruined
【详解】考查语态。句意：我的新白裙子完全被脏水给毁了。主语My new white dress与ruin之间为被动关系，所以was后用动词的过去分词形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意，故填ruined。
20．frm
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她用一把伞挡住烈日。shelter frm为固定搭配，表示“保护、防止”，此处指挡住烈日。故填frm。
21．his
【详解】考查代词。句意：他很难屏住呼吸。此处为catch ne's breath“屏住呼吸”，且主语为he，故应用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。
22．sufferers
【详解】考查名词。句意：她收到了许多受害者的支持信。分析句子可知，空处放在介词frm后，应用名词作宾语，结合句意可知，她收到了来自受害者的支持信，sufferer受害者，此处不止一个，用复数形式。故填sufferers。
23．supplies
【详解】考查名词。句意：大脑需要持续的供氧。supply为可数名词，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填supplies。
24．survivrs
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在交通事故中，幸存者全部受重伤。此处做主语表示“幸存者”应用名词survivr，且根据下文were可知应用复数形式。故填survivrs。
25．calmness
【详解】考查名词。句意：那里的一切都给了他一种安全和平静的感觉。在介词f后应用名词calmness表示“平静”，抽象概念，不可数。故填calmness。
26．immediately
【详解】考查副词。句意：请立即撤离大楼。修饰动词evacuate应用副词immediately，作状语。故填immediately。
27．frm
【详解】考查介词。句意：罪犯从直升机上逃走了。短语escape frm表示“从……逃走”，故填frm。
28．were helicptered
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：官员们乘直升飞机上了船。官员们被用直升机送上船，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语fficials是复数，因此空格处是were helicptered。故填were helicptered。
29．interested
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他父亲死后，他继承了农场，但他对当农民不感兴趣。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定搭配be interested in“对……感兴趣”，形容词作表语。故填interested。
30．deeply
【详解】考查副词。句意：她深受这个悲伤故事的影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示抽象意义的“深深地”，所以使用deeply。故填deeply。
31． in ruins
【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“严重受损”，应用介词短语为in ruins。故填①in；②ruins。
32． seemed as if/thugh
【详解】考查固定句型。根据中文意思可知，空处表示的意思为“仿佛”，应用固定句型seem as if/thugh，as if/thugh引导表语从句，根据从句时态可知，主句使用一般过去时，seem应为seemed。故填①seemed；②as；③if/thugh。
33． yu have never gt
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和副词。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“experience”，指事物，“yu”表示“你”，作从句主语，从句应用现在完成时，表示到现在为止，从未获得过的体验，“yu”与“have”连用，“never”意为“从未”，副词词性，“get”意为“获得”，动词词性，过去分词为“gt”，从句中缺少宾语，故应用“that”或“which”引导从句，可省略，“yu have never gt”表示“你从未获得过的”。故填yu; have; never; gt。
34．were trapped in
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。主谓一致，表示“被困”用一般过去时的被动语态were trapped，动词trap和主语是被动关系；表示“在……里面”用介词in。故填were trapped in。
35． It struck/hit me
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据汉语可知，句子应该是在描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时。空处表示“我突然想到”，可用固定句型“it struck/hit sb. that+从句”，“我”用me，且第一空位于句首，首字母需大写。故依次可填It、struck/hit、me。
36．electricity
【详解】考查名词。句意：两个学生都做了不少关于电的实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词electricity“电力”，作宾语。满足句意要求。故填electricity。
37．affected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说一队士兵被派往受洪水影响的地区。“影响”是affect，that引导的主语从句中谓语是were sent，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词area，与其逻辑主语area之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故填affected。
38．struck
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他跳入6英尺深的泳池时，头撞到池底。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处填动词，根据所给中文提示词应是strike意为“撞”，根据后文的dived可知用一般过去时。故填struck。
39．pipe
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在钻探时意外损坏了一根煤气管道。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词pipe，可数名词，作宾语，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填pipe。
40．rescue
【详解】考查名词。句意：全国人民都在盼望着营救矿工们。根据“f the miners”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词rescue，作lking frward t的宾语，和f the miners搭配，表示“营救矿工们”，且此处特指对矿工们的营救，rescue用单数形式。故填rescue。
41．survive
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个渔夫在暴风雨中挣扎求生。分析句子结构可知，空前的t是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是survive意为“幸存”。故填survive。
42．erupt
【详解】考查动词。句意：他说它就像一座即将喷发的火山。根据词义“喷发”可知，应填动词erupt，be ready t d：准备做某事，故填erupt。
43．suffer
【详解】考查动词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们会遭受苦难，但我们应该坚持我们的梦想，努力实现它。根据“hardship”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词suffer，表示“遭受苦难”，且空前已有情态动词will，suffer应用原形。故填suffer。
44．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我看来，我们的成功是每个人智慧的结晶。分析句子可知，“智慧”为名词wisdm，作介词f的宾语，为不可数名词。故填wisdm。
45．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能帮我写一篇这篇文章的摘要并在星期一寄给我吗？根据空格前的冠词 a可知，空格处应填名词单数形式，根据汉语提示“概要”是summary，为可数名词。故填summary。
46．ruins
【详解】考查名词。句意：大火过后，房子成了一片废墟。根据汉语意思提示可知，名词ruin“废墟”符合题意，此处为介词短语in ruins“成为废墟”。故填ruins。
47．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：在我去上大学之前，我父亲给了我几句至理名言。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“智慧”应为wisdm，且为不可数名词，wrds f wisdm意为“至理名言”。故填wisdm。
48．destryed
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：这个城镇被洪水完全摧毁了，但很快在一年内就重建了。“毁灭”是句中谓语，用动词destry表示，与主语The twn之间是被动动词，用过去分词destryed与助动词was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填destryed。
49．fld
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于这场洪水，流离失所的人的数量激增。根据汉语提示“洪水”可知，空处需填名词fld，作介词宾语。故填fld。
50．typhn
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们已收到一个台风即将来临的通知。根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词typhn，作宾语。故填typhn。
高考能力提升
四、阅读理解
A
Here’s hw the Pacific Nrthwest is preparing fr “The Big One”. It’s the mther f all disaster drills fr what culd be the wrst disaster in American histry. Califrnia has spent years preparing fr “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undubtedly bring abut all kinds f damage alng the famus San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs alng the Pacific Nrthwest delivers a gigantic earthquake f its wn? If the peple f the Cascadia regin have anything t d with it, they wn’t be caught unawares.
The regin is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill invlving arund 20, 000 peple. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency respnders a chance t practice what t d in case f a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami alng ne f the natin’s dangerus and underestimated faults.
The Cascadia Earthquake Zne is big enugh t cmpete with San Andreas (it’s been called the mst dangerus fault in America), but it’s much lesser knwn than its Califrnia cusin. Nearly 700 miles lng, the earthquake zne is lcated by the Nrth American Plate ff the cast f Pacific British Clumbia. Washingtn, Oregn and Nrthern Califrnia.
Cascadia is what’s knwn as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subductin znes(俯冲带)— plate tectnic(板块构造)bundaries where tw plates cnverge(相交). In the areas where ne plate is beneath anther, stress builds up ver time. During a megathrust event, all f that stress releases and sme f the wrld’s mst pwerful earthquake ccur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean ff Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate mved beneath the Burma micr-plate.
The last time a majr earthquake ccurred alng the Cascadia fault was in 1700, s fficials wrry that anther event culd ccur any time. T prevent that event frm becming a severe disaster, first respnders will jin members f the public in rehearsals that invlve cmmunicatin, evacuatin, search and rescue, and ther pssible situatins.
Thusands f casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were t ccur. First, the earthquake wuld shake metrplitan areas including Seattle and Prtland. This culd cause a tsunami that wuld create damage alng the cast. Nt all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by crdinating acrss lcal, state, and even natinal brders, fficials hpe that the wrst-case situatin can be prevented. On the exercise’s website, fficials explain that the reprt they prepare during this rehearsal will infrm disaster management fr years t cme.
Fr hundreds f thusands f Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a questin f if, nly when. And it’s never t early t get ready fr the inevitable.
51．What des “The Big One” refer t?
A．A gigantic gelgical fault in America.
B．A large-scale drill t prepare fr disasters.
C．A massive and destructive natural disaster.
D．Mass destructin caused by the earthquake.
52．What is the purpse f the Cascadia Rising drill?
A．T prepare peple fr a majr earthquake and tsunami.
B．T increase residents’awareness f upcming disasters.
C．T teach peple nw hw adapt t pst-disaster life.
D．T cpe with the aftermath f a pssible earthquake.
53．What happens in case f a megathrust earthquake accrding t the passage?
A．Tw plates merge int ne.B．A variety f frces cnverge.
C．Bundaries blur between plates.D．Enrmus stress is released.
54．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．A large-scale drill is suppsed t prevent deaths in the earthquake.
B．San Andreas fault nce delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean.
C．N massive earthquake is expected t strike Califmia in the near future.
D．Disaster-relief effrts at different levels may help reduce pssible lsses.
B
Lightning(闪电) strikes mre than eight millin times a day wrldwide. That’s abut 93 times per secnd. What a phenmenn!
Hw ht is a lightning blt? Abut 50, 000°F-five times htter than the surface f the sun. Yes, it really can rain frgs, fish, and ther decidedly dd things. It’s a rare meterlgical(气象学的) event, but scientists say strng winds frm a trnad r frm a strm can be pwerful enugh t drive animals and bjects high int the air, and they have t cmedwn eventually.
It is a bad idea t take a shwer during a thunderstrm. If lightning hits yur huse, it can travel thrugh yur plumbing(管道设备) and shck anyne wh cmes int cntact with water flwing thrugh it. Peple have been shcked r killed while bathing, washing dishes and clthes. This is als why indr pls ften clse during strms. Rubber tires are nt what prtect yu frm lightning when yu’re in yur car. Yu’re prtected because when lightning hits a car, it travels arund the utside f the metal structure t get t the grund. Just be careful nt t tuch any metal areas inside.
Lightning can strike the same place twice—and it ften des, especially bjects that are tall, pinty, and separated. The Empire State Building, fr example, is hit almst 100 times a year, accrding t the CDC．
Yu can be struck by lightning even when it’s n training. Abut 10 percent f lightning strikes take place when there’s n rainfall. In the 1980s, NASA flew ne airplane thrugh 1.496 thunderstrms. It was struck by lightning mre than 700 times. Tday, a cmmercial airplane will be hit by lightning abut nce a year n average, typically with n ill effects. It has been decades since a U.S. airliner has crashed as a result f a lightning strike.
T deal with such a frequent phenmenn, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant ballns frm almst 900 lcatins wrldwide. The ballns measure abve grund weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they prvide vital infrmatin that meterlgists use t make frecasts and predict lightning.
55．What can lightning lead t accrding t the text?
A．Burning everything.B．Raining animals.
C．Shcking everybdy utdrs.D．Hitting an bject fr nce.
56．What is the right thing t d during a lightning strike?
A．Take abath at hme.B．Swim in a pl.
C．Avid metal things.D．Stand under at all tree.
57．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．N sign f rainfall means n lightning.
B．Effrts have been made t keep aircraft safe.
C．Cmmercial planes can escape lightning hits.
D．The Empire State Building faces mst lightning strikes.
58．What reduces the damage f a lightning strike?
A．Lightning lcatin.B．Measurement ballns.
C．Changing wind directin.D．Weather frecast and predictin.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Flds are cmmn and frequently destructive natural events that annually affect arund 250 millin peple wrldwide. Thugh the causes f flds — usually heavy rainfall r 59 (melt) shw — are unavidable, knwledge f the crrect prcedures befre, during and after a fld can make 60 difference.
Befre a fld ccurs, we must wrk t reduce the risk t peple and their 61 (valuable). Firstly, yu shuld prepare disaster supplies 62 include a light surce, sleeping bags, warm clthes, and mst imprtantly, at least three days f fd and drinking water. Secndly, yu shuld bring the mst imprtant bjects t the upper levels f yur huse, ensuring that they will be less likely 63 (ruin).
During a fld, it’s imprtant t leave 64 yu are immediately. The lnger yu stay, the mre danger yu’ll be in. Be sure t mve t 65 (high) grund. If yu’re already inside a building, mve t the upper flr. Dn’t walk r drive thrugh the mving fldwater, since as little as 15 centimeters f mving water 66 (be) enugh t knck dwn an adult, and 60 centimeters can wash mst cars away.
67 a fld, be attentive enugh t fficial news reprts t find ut when it’s safe t return t yur hme. As yu return hme, watch ut fr pssible dangers. The fld may have damaged rads and pwer lines already. Keep away frm the 68 (pllute) fld water as it may be unsafe t tuch.
六、告知信/通知
69．假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。内容包括：
1. 时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；
2. 讲座意义；
3. 注意事项。
注意：写作词数应在80词左右。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
七、读后续写
70．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Hurricane Lan bre dwn n Flrida, many residents wh stayed put fund themselves unable t leave even if they tried. Fr hurs they were frced t fight heavy winds and attempt t escape flding inside lng-lved hmes that had becme frightening, deadly traps. Within days, arund 100 deaths in the state wuld be attributed t the hurricane, many f them were lder residents wh drwned.
When the water slipped in under the dr f their hme, it was just a glimmer n the flr, a sign that it was time t g. It was Wednesday, Sept.28, arund nn, and Bishp wke up her tw brthers, wh had been resting after lunch. She pulled the wheelchair up t the ldest, Russell, 67. Her ther brther, Tdd, 63, culd manage with a walker.
Bth men had been brn with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), and their mental develpment was like that f a yung child. Abut 10 years ag, they started shwing signs f Parkinsn’s disease. But they fund jy in their surrundings. Tdd liked cllecting cans at the beach. Russell lved riding the bus and ging t parks. Bishp, 61, was their lifeline, their little sister wh had lng felt an bligatin t keep them safe.
“We’ve gt t get ging!” she shuted t them. She went t pen the frnt dr. It wuld nt mve. The weight f the water n the ther side had made it shut. She rushed t try the dr t the garage. It, t, was stuck. That’s when the huse began t fld. It went frm ankle-deep t knee-deep in less than five minutes. Bishp knew that there was n way ut.
Nw Bishp and her brthers were trapped. At 12:34 p.m., she called 911 but culdn’t get thrugh. There was n ne she culd get in tuch with. T try her frtune, she texted a neighbr, Walters, wh was always there when neighbrs were in need, “Water’s cming in.” Arund her, she culd hear the dining rm hutch (餐具柜) tipping and crashing, the china breaking, the refrigeratr tppling ver.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The nly way t g was up, s Bishp guided her tw bthers t the stairs.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bishp sank int despair, but she nticed it seemed water stpped cming in.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡斯卡迪亚地区的人们正在为有可能发生的地震和海啸做防范演习。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Califrnia has spent years preparing fr “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undubtedly bring abut all kinds f damage alng the famus San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs alng the Pacific Nrthwest delivers a gigantic earthquake f its wn? If the peple f the Cascadia regin have anything t d with it, they wn’t be caught unawares.”（加州已经为“大地震”做了多年的准备——这场不可避免的地震无疑会给著名的圣安德烈亚斯断层带来各种破坏。但如果沿太平洋西北方向的断层本身也引发了一场大地震呢？如果卡斯卡迪亚地区的人与此事有关，他们不会措手不及的。）可推知，“Big One”指的是一场大规模的破坏性自然灾害。故选C项。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency respnders a chance t practice what t d in case f a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami alng ne f the natin’s dangerus and underestimated faults.”（卡斯卡迪亚提升演练为当地居民和应急人员提供了一一次机会，让他们练习如何应对美国危险的断层带可能发生的9.0级地震和海啸）可知，卡斯卡迪亚提升演习的目的是什么让人们为大地震和海啸做好准备。故选A项。
53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Megathrusts are created in subductin znes— plate tectnic bundaries where tw plates cnverge(相交). In the areas where ne plate is beneath anther, stress builds up ver time. During a megathrust event, all f that stress releases and sme f the wrld’s mst pwerful earthquake ccur.”（巨型逆冲构造形成于俯冲带——两个板块交汇的板块构造边界。在一个板块在另一个板块下面的区域，压力会随着时间的推移而增加。在一次大型逆冲活动中，所有的压力都会释放，世界上最强烈的地震就会发生。）可知，根据文章，如果发生特大逆冲地震，巨大的压力将被释放。故选D项。
54．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Nt all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by crdinating acrss lcal, state, and even natinal brders, fficials hpe that the wrst-case situatin can be prevented.”（并不是所有的伤亡都可以避免，但通过地方、州甚至国家边界的协调，官员们希望可以避免最坏的情况。）以及最后一段“Fr hundreds f thusands f Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a questin f if, nly when. And it’s never t early t get ready fr the inevitable.”（对于成千上万的卡斯卡迪亚居民来说，“大地震”不是会不会发生的问题，而是何时发生的问题。为不可避免的事情做好准备永远不会太早。）可推知，不同层次的救灾努力可能有助于减少可能的损失。故选D项。
55．B 56．C 57．B 58．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了闪电的各个方面。闪电是一种世界范围内的常见现象，每天大约发生800万次，其温度可能比太阳表面还要高。这篇文章还强调了闪电的奇怪现象，以及提到了安全问题，最后，文章解释了气象追踪者发射气球来收集气象数据和预测闪电。
55．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yes, it really can rain frgs, fish, and ther decidedly dd things. (是的，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。)”可知，它真的可以下青蛙、鱼和其他绝对奇怪的东西。故选B。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Rubber tires are nt what prtect yu frm lightning when yu're in yur car. Yu're prtected because when lightning hits a car, it travels arund the utside f the metal structure t get t the grund. Just be careful nt t tuch any metal areas inside.(当你在车里的时候，橡胶轮胎并不能保护你免受雷击。你受到了保护，因为当闪电击中汽车时，它会绕过金属结构的外部到达地面。只是要小心不要碰里面的金属区域。)”可知，闪电的时候，要避免触碰金属区域。故选C。
57．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“T deal with such a frequent phenmenn, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant ballns frm almst 900 lcatins wrldwide. The ballns measure abve grund weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they prvide vital infrmatin that meterlgists use t make frecasts and predict lightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，为了保证飞机的安全，已经做出了努力。故选B。
58．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“T deal with such a frequent phenmenn, every day, twice a day, weather trackers, at the same time, launch giant ballns frm almst 900 lcatins wrldwide. The ballns measure abve grund weather data such as temperature, humidity(湿气), and wind speed, and they prvide vital infrmatin that meterlgists use t make frecasts and predict lightning.(为了应对这种频繁的现象，天气追踪者每天，每天两次，同时从全球近900个地点发射巨大的气球。这些气球测量地面上的天气数据，如温度、湿度和风速，并为气象学家提供重要信息，用于预测和预测闪电。)”可知，天气预报和预测闪电能够减少雷击造成的伤害。故选D。
59．melted 60．a 61．values 62．that/which 63．t be ruined 64．where 65．higher 66．is 67．After 68．plluted
【导语】这是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或冰雪融化——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。
59．考查形容词。句意：虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融化的冰雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。修饰名词snw应用形容词melted，作定语。故填melted。
60．考查冠词。句意：虽然造成洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融化的冰雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水发生之前、期间和之后的正确处理程序可以起到重要作用。表示“起到重要作用”短语为make a difference。故填a。
61．考查名词的数。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力减少对人民及其价值观的威胁。根据上文their可知应用复数形式。故填values。
62．考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备救灾物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣服，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。定语从句修饰先行词supplies，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品带到你房子的上层，确保它们不太可能被破坏。此处为短语be likely t d sth.，且they与ruin构成被动关系，故用t be dne形式。故填t be ruined。
64．考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“你所在的地方”应用where引导。故填where。
65．考查比较级。句意：一定要搬到地势较高的地方。此处表示“更高的”应用比较级higher。故填higher。
66．考查主谓一致。句意：不要在移动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只要15厘米的移动水就足以击倒一个成年人，而60厘米的移动水可以将大多数汽车冲走。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，此处主语是15 centimeters f mving water，谓语用单数。故填is。
67．考查介词。句意：洪水过后，要留意官方的新闻报道，看看什么时候回家是安全的。表示“在……之后”应用介词after，首字母大写。故填After。
68．考查形容词。句意：远离被污染的洪水，因为触摸它可能是不安全的。修饰后文fld water应用形容词plluted，作定语。故填plluted。
69．Dear Jim,
Hw’s everything ging? I’m writing t tell yu smething abut a lecture abut earthquake. Our schl has invited Prfessr Zhang, an expert in earthquake, t give us a lecture in the schl hall at 9 ’clck n Sunday mrning. All the teachers and students are welcme t attend it.
Prfessr Zhang will share with us sme knwledge abut earthquakes, such as the cause and damage f it. He will teach sme imprtant skills t prtect urselves during the earthquake. I strngly believe this lecture can benefit us a lt as we can master the skills f survival in an earthquake.
By the way, yu shuld wear a mask if yu attend the lecture. And please arrive befre 8:50.
Lking frward t meeting yu this Sunday.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。内容包括：时间、地点、主讲人及参加对象；讲座意义；注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend→take part in
相信：believe→trust
对某人有好处：benefit sb.→be beneficial t sb.
掌握：master→grasp
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our schl has invited Prfessr Zhang, an expert in earthquake, t give us a lecture in the schl hall at 9 ’clck n Sunday mrning.
拓展句：Our schl has invited Prfessr Zhang, wh is an expert in earthquake, t give us a lecture in the schl hall at 9 ’clck n Sunday mrning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] He will teach sme imprtant skills t prtect urselves during the earthquake. (运用了不定式作后置定语)
[高分句型2] I strngly believe this lecture can benefit us a lt as we can master the skills f survival in an earthquake.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
70．One pssible versin:
The nly way t g was up, s Bishp guided her tw bthers t the stairs. First she helped Tdd pull himself slwly up t the secnd flr, where he waited in a chair. But stairs were impssible fr Russell, wh culd nt walk nr bend his stiff legs. Bishp tried hard t pull him up the stairs, but Russell was t heavy fr her. She tried every pssible psitin, switching frm pushing t pulling, but Russel was yelling “I can’t, I can’t” all the time and he was slipping and sliding.
Bishp sank int despair, but she nticed it seemed water stpped cming in. Lking utside, everywhere she saw it was water, and she culd even see cars flating by. “Thank Gd, the wind and the rain stpped.” At arund 6:30 p.m, Bishp heard a familiar vice calling utside, “Hell?! Hell?! Anyne in?” It was Walters. Standing in waist-deep water, Walters instructed tw f his friends t paddle the canes near. Bishp held her brthers tightly in her arms, crying “Thank Gd, Walters is cming t save us!”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了飓风Lan袭击了佛罗里达州，几天之内，该州约有100人死于飓风，其中许多是溺水身亡的老年居民，Bishp叫醒了两个哥哥，她的两个哥哥出生时都患有脑瘫，智力发育就像一个小孩子，大约10年前，他们开始表现出帕金森病的迹象，由于水太多，Bishp打不开门，Bishp和哥哥们被困住了，她给邻居Walters发了一条短信说屋里进水了，Walters在邻居有需要的时候总是在那里。在她周围，她能听到餐厅的厨具被掀翻了，瓷器碎了，冰箱倒了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“唯一的出路就是上楼，所以Bishp带着她的两个哥哥上了楼梯。”可知，第一段可描写Bishp如何尝试带哥哥上楼梯。
②由第二段首句内容“Bishp陷入了绝望，但她注意到水不再进来了。”可知，第二段可描写Bishp和哥哥们如何获救。
2.续写线索：帮助Tdd上楼——帮助拉Russell上楼——Russell上不 了楼——风雨停了——Walters赶到——Walters指示朋友救人——Bishp和哥哥们得救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②拉：pull/draw
③指示：instruct/direct
情绪类
①感谢：thank/be grateful
②紧紧拥抱： in ne’s
【点睛】[高分句型1] First she helped Tdd pull himself slwly up t the secnd flr, where he waited in a chair. (由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] But stairs were impssible fr Russell, wh culd nt walk nr bend his stiff legs. (由关系代词wh引导的非限制性定语从句)
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