第04讲 阅读理解之议论文（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义（全国通用）

这是一份第04讲 阅读理解之议论文（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义（全国通用），文件包含第04讲阅读理解之议论文讲义-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测全国通用原卷版docx、第04讲阅读理解之议论文讲义-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测全国通用解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共49页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
►第04讲 阅读理解之议论文（讲义）
【复习目标】
1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式
3.掌握不同题型的解题方法
【考情分析】
阅读理解议论文命题规律
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
【名师解难】
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场；是文章要表达的主要思想；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。论证方法多种多样，常见的有:1.归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论；2.演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论；3.比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论；
4.驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。
1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。
2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不出现绝对概念。
4. 词义猜测：考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等手段。
议论文答题技巧
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有nt或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。
（一）
（2023·安徽·校联考模拟预测）
N ne wants t wrk at a messy（凌乱的） desk and lk lazy. But des a messy desktp actually mean that? Nt all disrders mean yu mess everything up.
Peple wh like a messy desk have their wn ideas. Sme think it makes them cmfrtable. Sme believe it helps them fcus（专注） mre easily. Messy tables can make it easier t fcus n the tasks, just like sme writers can write patiently in a nisy place. Others may be the peple wh want t d things perfectly. They usually put away the less imprtant things and d the mst imprtant nes perfectly, which leads t paper muntains n the desktp.
Research shws that peple wrking with a messy desktp are prbably mre creative and like t take risks. But peple with a tidy ne ften fllw the rules and may nt like t try new things. Fr example, in an experiment（实验） dne by Kathleen Vhs, peple in the messy grup came up with mre interesting and creative ideas abut the new uses f ping-png balls. Vhs says, “Messy envirnments seem t inspire（激发） peple t think up fresh ideas.”
But a messy desk might nt be the best chice all the time. When yu need new ideas, a messy desk might be a gd chice; but when yu want t d a task quickly and successfully, it seems better t make a desk clean and tidy.
1．Why d sme peple like a messy desk?
A．Because they are lazy and untidy.B．Because they want t d things well.
C．Because it helps them fcus n tasks easily.D．Because it helps them d their wrk patiently.
2．What des the experiment dne by Kathleen Vhs shw us?
A．Disrder is welcmed by mst peple in this wrld.
B．A messy desktp has a bad influence n peple's minds.
C．Peple wrking with a tidy desktp can als be successful.
D．Peple wrking with a messy desktp may be mre creative.
3．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Messy Desk: D Peple Need t Change It?
B．Messy Desk: Des It Make Peple Cmfrtable?
C．Messy Desk: D Peple Get Used t It?
D．Messy Desk: Des It Help Peple Wrk Patiently?
（2023·四川绵阳·统考模拟预测）
Histry is full f heres, wh have made an enrmus impact (影响) n the wrld.
Full Rizer Red (《满江红》), ne f the hit mvies in 2023, reminded me f Yue Fei, ur natinal her. He led the army t fight bravely against Jin, nt t yield (屈服) t the traitr (叛徒) Qin Hui. Yue Fei, accrding t China’s histry, is a real her. His stry has been passed dwn thrugh the ages, beginning with his life in the Suthern Sng Dynasty.
There are heres in every time perid. Heres are peple wh d smething brave, unusual, r imprtant. Heres are men and wmen wh take risks. In the face f natural disasters, there are als many retrgrade (逆行的) heres. They make a psitive (积极的) difference in the wrld.
Sme heres lived lng ag. Gerge Washingtn was the first president f the United States. Sme heres did great things recently. Sally Ride was an astrnaut and an educatr, and the first American wman t g int space.
Sme f the greatest heres did nt just d remarkable things that made them famus. In their everyday lives, they behaved in ways that made peple admire their character. Character is a grup f qualities that make up wh a persn is. Heres are ften peple with great character.
Many peple with great character are hnest. Hnest peple tell the truth, even when it is hard t d it. Smene with great character may als be cmpassinate. A cmpassinate persn cares abut thers and wrks t help them.
A persn with great character may als be respnsible. Respnsible peple d things they prmise t d. Other peple can depend n them.
Heres build frm their great character t deliver great actin. D yu have a her?
4．What kind f difference d heres make in the wrld?
A．A small difference.B．A negative (消极的) difference.
C．A psitive difference.D．A cruel difference.
5．What des the underlined wrd “admire” mean in this article?
A．Lk after.B．Lk fr.C．Lk frward t.D．Lk up t.
6．What can be cncluded frm Paragraph 3 abut ding smething brave?
A．Wmen are mre likely t d smething brave than men are.
B．Ding smething brave makes a difference in the wrld.
C．Ding smething brave is the same thing as ding smething unusual.
D．What a her des is taking risks.
7．Frm this article, what is the very quality that peple admire in thers?
A．Hnesty.B．Beauty.C．Shyness.D．Humr.
8．What is the main idea f this article?
A．Heres are peple wh make a psitive difference in the wrld thrugh their actins.
B．Sally Ride was an astrnaut, an educatr, and the first American wman t g int space.
C．Hnesty, cmpassin, and respnsibility are sme f the qualities that can make up a persn’s character.
D．Yue Fei remains ne f the mst heric figures in Chinese histry.
（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）
Think abut that if yu are criticized (批评) fr ding smething wrng, hw wuld yu feel?
Much like artists turn smething useless int smething useful, yu can learn t get sme useful experience frm criticism.
Fr mst f us, the mistake is t cnsider criticism as a bad thing. That leads us t clse ur minds and lks dwn upn what thers said. But the prblem is that the truth is ften hidden behind it. N matter hw smart yu are and hw hard yu wrk, there is always rm fr yu t imprve.
Sme criticism may be wrng. But even in these cases, it’s valuable because it helps yu see yur actins thrugh anther pint. Learning frm such criticism requires the ability t make feelings wrk fr yu, instead f being against with yu. Yu can turn negative feedback (负面回馈) int smething useful by asking yurself the fllwing questins:
● Putting my persnal feelings aside, what can I learn frm this persn’s criticism?
● Hw can I use this feedback t help me imprve?
When yu see the criticism as an pprtunity fr grwth, it can help yu t imprve yur ideas greatly. It’s never gd t hear that yu are wrng. When yu d everything, remember this: praise is nice. But it’s the peple wh tell yu the truth that make yu better. It’s the nes wh challenge yu that will make yu grw.
9．Hw did the writer start the passage?
A．By listing a fact.B．By telling a stry.C．By asking a questin.D．By giving a reasn.
10．Why is sme wrng criticism valuable?
A．Because it can help us t realize hw smart we are.
B．Because we can get sme useful experience frm it.
C．Because it can help us t see ur actins in anther way.
D．Because it can leads us t clse ur minds.
11．What’s the writer’s pinin n criticism?
A．He thinks we shuld cnsider it as an pprtunity fr grwth.
B．He thinks it is a bad thing.
C．He thinks all the criticism is wrng.
D．He thinks we can hardly turn it int smething useful.
（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考二模）
Des the university yu attend r the majr (专业) yu chse decide yur success in the future? Accrding t a recent survey, 48.6% f the peple believe that the university plays an imprtant rle in shaping their future. But 33.8% f the peple think ne’s majr is mre imprtant.
Fu Xi is a student at Peking University, ne f the tp universities in China. He thinks his university des bring many unseen advantages. “If I had n academic (学术的) training r experiences f different clubs in cllege, I wuldn’t have successfully gt my first internship (实习) in a leading bank,” Fu tld the reprter frm China Yuth Daily. As fr him, students culd imprve their abilities thrugh internships r academic activities t make themselves ready fr a jb r further studies, n matter which majr they chse.
Hwever, Chen Yufei, 20 years ld, wh studies Japanese at Tianjin University, desn’t think s. ▲ After getting lwer scres than expected in Gaka, Chen lst the chance t study her favrite majr — Chinese. “Having n interest in Japanese, I felt unhappy when taking Japanese classes in the first year,” Chen said. Later, she had prblems in finding her dream jb. “Different majrs will lead t different jbs which finally lead t different incmes (收入),” Chen added. She thinks that even students wh majr in Japanese at well-knwn universities will mst prbably make less mney than thse wh majr in cmputer science.
Bth the university and ne’s majr are imprtant, but they dn’t necessarily decide yur life, accrding t Chu Zhahui, a prfessinal researcher f the Natinal Institute f Educatin Sciences. “Fr students, persnal develpment is clsely cnnected with their perfrmance in the university,” Chu said.
12．Frm Paragraph 2, we knw that ________.
A．Fu Xi is really thankful t his university
B．Fu Xi desn’t enjy wrking in a leading bank
C．Fu Xi can succeed, n matter what university he chses
D．Fu Xi dislikes his majr, but he tries t imprve his abilities
13．Which f the fllwing can be put in the ▲ ?
A．She believes she shuld study cmputer science instead f Japanese.
B．She believes bth university and majr are the key t ne’s success.
C．She believes that a right majr has much mre weight than a gd university.
D．She believes whatever yur majr is, yu must study hard.
14．In the last paragraph, Chu Zhahui’s wrds are mentined t ________.
A．teach students hw t chse a gd majr and university
B．shw what students think abut the survey is reasnable
C．tell students that ne’s future depends n his majr and university
D．advise students t pay mre attentin t what they d in the university
15．The writer develps the whle passage by ________.
A．telling striesB．listing numbersC．raising questinsD．sharing pinins
（2023·四川泸州·统考二模）
Scial media is ne f the fastest-grwing industries in the wrld tday. A study carried ut by the PewResearch Center shwed that 92 percent f teenagers g nline daily. The wide use f scial media has changed nearly all parts f teenagers lives.
Changing relatinships:
High schl student Elly Cper frm Illinis said scial media ften reduces face-t-face cmmunicatin. “It makes in-persn relatinships harder because peple give attentin t their phnes instead f their byfriends r girlfriends,” Cper said. Yet, sme peple believe scial media has made it easier t start relatinships with anyne frm anywhere. Beth Kaplan frm Illinis met her lng-distance friend thrugh scial media. Nw he lives in Sctland, but they’re still ften able t cmmunicate with each ther. “I can feel clse t smene that I’m talking t by Face Time, ” Kaplan said.
Wanting t be “liked”:
The rise f scial media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19-year-ld Essena O’Neill annunced n the scial netwrking service Instagram that she had stpped using scial media. She thught she had gtten lst in appearing perfect nline. Negative cmments can als d damage t a teenager self-esteem(自尊). Teenagers wh get negative cmments can’t help but feel hurt. In particular, sme scial media apps such as Yik Yak may prvide pprtunities fr cyber bullying (网络欺凌).
Opening new drs:
Hwever, Armin Krss, a student frm Illinis, takes advantage f the cmments he receives ver scial media t imprve his vides n the scial netwrking site YuTube. “Scial media can help peple shw themselves and their talents t the wrld in a way that was never pssible befre,” Krss said.
But Krss realizes that scial media has becme a distractin (让人分心的事). “Scial media is nt all necessary, thugh it helps peple cnnect with their friends and knw each ther well anytime.”
16．Hw des scial media change relatinships, accrding t the article? ________
A．It pushes peple t meet their friends mre ften ffline.
B．It encurages peple t pay mre attentin t thse arund them.
C．It enables users t understand crrectly what thers are talking abut nline.
D．It allws peple t keep in tuch with their friends wh live far away mre easily.
17．The underlined wrd “cmments” means ________ in the passage.
A．pininsB．suggestinsC．cnversatinsD．rders
18．What des Essena O’Neill think f scial media? ________
A．It develps her cnfidence.
B．It helps her make friends.
C．It hurts her seriusly.
D．It makes her tired f using scial media app Yik Yak.
19．Which statement abut the use f scial media wuld Armin Krss prbably agree with? ________
A．Using scial media can nly get negative cmments.
B．Using scial media can nly reduce face-t-face cmmunicatin.
C．Using scial media is necessary because it can help knw friends well anytime.
D．Scial media can create pprtunities fr teenagers t develp themselves.
20．What is the article mainly abut? ________
A．The majr prblems with scial media.
B．Scial media’s influence n teenagers.
C．Hw teenagers benefit (受益) frm scial media.
D．Why scial media attracts s many teenagers.
（2023·安徽宿州·统考二模）
Huang Yu’s belved cat Dasuan died. Huang was quite sad. But 66 days later, Dasuan “cme back”. Huang gt a new cat that lks almst the same as Dasuan thanks t clning (克隆) technlgy.
Dasuan is China’s first clned cat. The cat was brn inside a lab wned by a cmpany in Beijing. T clne the cat, the cmpany’s experts tk cells (细胞) frm Dasuan and created an embry (胚胎). Then they put it int a cat mther.
In fact, clning pets is nt a new thing. In 2001, the wrld’s first clned cat was brn in the US. In 2005, the wrld’s first clned dg was brn in Suth Krea. Since cats have unique reprductive features, they are mre difficult t clne.
Hwever, there are arguments against pet clning. Thugh the clned pets cpy the dead pet’s appearance, they have different persnalities. That’s why pet wners have different pinins abut this. Sme pet lvers like Huang think a clne is a gd replacement fr their dead pets. But thers wrry that having the same appearance but a different persnality will lead t mre pain in the lng run. Knwing this, the cmpany says it hpes t use AI and ther technlgies t mve memries t clned pets in the future.
Mrever, scientists think clned pets aren’t as healthy as naturally brn pets. They may live shrter lives. Sme animal lvers think clning pets is unacceptable because a large number f hmeless animals still need hmes. They say there is n need t clne.
21．Hw des the writer begin the text?
A．By giving an example.B．By listing sme numbers.
C．By asking a questin.D．By explaining sme facts.
22．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t (指的是)?
A．The embry.B．The cell.C．The pet.D．The cat.
23．What is the best title (标题) fr the text?
A．The first clned cat.B．A belved pet cat.
C．Hw t clne pets?D．Shuld we clne pets?
（2023·江西九江·统考二模）
China and Western cuntries may have different cultural beliefs abut certain animals, but when it cmes t pigs, we have smehw reached an agreement—that pigs are ugly, lazy, stupid and shameless.
Just lk at the idims (习语) and phrases in ur languages. In Chinese, we have the likes f “biling a dead pig”, and “a pig lking in the mirrr is still a pig”. And in English, there are idims such as “eating like a pig” and “sweating like a pig”. Nne f them are abut the gd nes.
In fact, science lng ag prved that pigs aren’t stupid at all. Accrding t a paper published in 2017 in the Internatinal Jurnal f Cmparative Psychlgy, pigs are “mentally and scially similar t dgs and chimpanzees”. They like t play. They have gd lng-term memries. And they knw the difference between thse wh treat them well and thse wh dn’t.
There are lvable pig characters in cartns, t. Peppa Pig, fr example, a UK televisin series that began in 2004, has nw becme ne f the mst ppular cartns in 180 cuntries and regins. The fur members in the cartn’s pig family teach children frm all arund the wrld abut lve, friendship and the value f family. And in China, the adventures f McDull shw the stry f a piglet wh wrks hard fr his dreams. Even thugh he keeps failing, he is never defeated.
“Peple are putting t much fcus n efficiency (效率) and immediate results, but McDull is slw and patient, and nt afraid f repeated failures,”said McDull’s creatr Brian Tse when she was prmting the film McDull, Kung Fu Ding Ding Dng in Beijing. “ He has a heart f gld.” Perhaps these are the qualities f pigs t keep in mind when we think f pigs again—their intelligence, cuteness, patience and inncence (纯真).
24．Which is NOT the cmmn belief that China and Western cuntries may have abut pigs?
A．Ugly.B．Lvely.C．Lazy.D．Stupid.
25．What des the underlined wrd “them” in the secnd paragraph refer t?
A．the idimsB．sme pigsC．certain cartnsD．all pig characters
26．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Pigs have gd shrt-term memries.
B．McDull puts t much fcus n efficiency.
C．Peppa Pig teaches peple abut lve, friendship and the value f family.
D．McDull, Kung Fu Ding Ding Dng is a ppular televisin series that began in 2004.
27．What des the underlined wrd “defeated” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．succeededB．beatenC．achievedD．challenged
28．What is the purpse f writing this passage?
A．T intrduce tw interesting cartns abut pigs.
B．T prve that pigs are ugly, lazy, stupid and shameless.
C．T shw pigs can be intelligent, cute , patient and inncent.
D．T share different beliefs abut pigs in China and Western cuntries.
（2023·福建厦门·福建省厦门第六中学校考二模）
My dad gave me a piece f advice when I was a knw-it-all teenager. He said, “Never say in anger what yu dn’t mean, because yu can say yu’re srry, but yu can’t take it back. It has the pwer f life and death.” That means ur wrds can either speak f life, r can speak f death.
We may all experience the pwer f wrds in ur life, even when we were very yung. A child is criticized by teachers r parents fr bad grades, and after that, he might prbably think f himself as a stupid child. Mst f us have that experience. They say it is imprtant t praise children fur times fr each negative wrd. Criticizing will make things wrse, while psitive wrds are helpful especially when smene is in truble r in need. When we fail the exam, encuraging wrds frm ur teachers r parents make us wrk harder at ur lessns. Encuraging wrds can g quite a lng way. They cheer peple up. Fr example, encuraging wrds t smene wh is sad can help him make it thrugh the day. Wrds can have a pwerful effect n yur brain. And it will have a great influence n yur actin, t.
Everything yu d depends n what yu chse t d. It’s nt yur parents, yur past relatinships r yur jb, but it’s yu wh are respnsible fr every gal yu set. If yu have dreams in life, write them dwn and speak them ut. Yur wrds are likely t bring yu ut smething amazing. S hw d we deal with ur tngue later?
29．The underlined wrd “It” in Paragraph 1 refers t “______”.
A．ur angerB．the writer’s advice
C．what yu sayD．ur experience
30．After being criticized fr bad grades, Mike may think ______.
A．he is nt smartB．the teacher is unfair
C．the paper is t difficultD．he will be lucky
31．What des a student need the mst when in truble?
A．Sme safety tips.B．Sme useful practice.
C．Negative wrds.D．Psitive wrds.
32．What can have a psitive effect n a persn’s brain?
A．Failing an exam.B．Encuraging wrds.
C．Criticizing wrds.D．Easy lessns.
33．The passage mainly talks abut ______.
A．hw t cl urselvesB．hw t praise children
C．the experience f the writerD．the pwer f wrds
（2023·浙江绍兴·校联考三模）
We take selfies(自拍) when we try n a new hat, play with ur pets r when we meet a friend whm we haven’t seen in a while. But des this crazy actually make sense? Is there any scientific explanatin fr it?
Well, yu shuld prbably ask James Kilner, a neurscientist(神经科学家) at University Cllege Lndn. Thrugh ur lifetime we becme experts at reading and telling ther peple’s faces and facial expressins. Hwever, accrding t Kilner, we have a very pr understanding f ur wn faces since we have little experience f lking at them—we just feel them mst f the time.
This has been prved in sme studies in which peple were shwn phts f themselves and asked t match their facial expressins in the pictures. In mst cases, they failed t crrectly prduce the same facial expressins withut being able t see themselves in the mirrr, accrding t BBC．
T further test hw we actually sense ur wn faces, Kilner carried ut anther study. He shwed peple tw kinds f their wn pictures—ne had been edited(编辑) t lk less beautiful and the ne was made mre beautiful—and asked them t pick the versin which they thught lked mst like them. Kilner fund that mst peple chse the mre beautiful picture. This suggests that we usually think f urselves as better-lking than we actually are.
But what des it say abut selfies? Well, isn’t that clear? Selfies give us the pwer t create a pht—by taking it frm different angles(角度), with different pses, using filters(滤镜) and s n—that better matches ur expectatins with ur actual faces.
“Yu suddenly have cntrl in a way that yu dn’t have in the real wrld.” Kilner tld the Canada-based CTA News. “Selfies allw yu t keep taking pictures until yu manage t take ne yu’re happy with”, he explained.
34．Hw des the writer lead in the tpic “selfie” in Paragraph 1?
A．By asking questins.B．By cmparing facts.
C．By giving examples.D．By explaining reasns.
35．We can learn frm Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that peple are ________.
A．prud f the phts f their wn
B．able t remember their wn faces easily
C．mre interested in their faces in the mirrr
D．gd at understanding thers by their faces
36．Accrding t Kilner, taking selfies ________.
A．helps peple t imprve their skills f taking phts
B．meets peple’s needs t knw their wn faces better
C．makes peple pssible t reach their expectatin
D．ffers peple a way t cntrl the wrld
37．Which might be the best title f the passage?
A．What Is the SelfiesB．Why D Yu Take Selfies
C．Hw Can We Take SelfiesD．Wh Likes Taking Selfies
（一）（2023·浙江湖州·统考中考真题）
①Chinese calligraphy (书法) was nce cnsidered an imprtant part f the schl curriculum (课程). Hwever, fr many reasns, sme peple think it’s less imprtant t teach this art frm at schl nw. In this article, I will lk at bth the prs and cns f learning Chinese calligraphy at schl.
②One reasn why Chinese calligraphy shuld be learned at schl is that it is an imprtant frm f culture expressin. Clearly, it is nt just abut practicing handwriting. It is als abut cnnecting with a traditinal Chinese art frm. When students learn this art in class, they will becme mre interested in the wrks f famus Chinese artists.
③Anther reasn is that it may help students t develp patience. At the times f high technlgy, students are getting less patient fr traditinal classrm learning. By intrducing Chinese calligraphy int the classrm, students’ patience can be imprved because they have t practice fcusing n each brush mvement.
④Frm the abve, it can be seen that there are clear advantages. Hwever, thers think there are sme disadvantages. The first ne is that it has little t d with students’ life. Living in a mdern age, pens and paper will lse their imprtance by and by. S, wuldn’t it be a backward (倒退的) step if students were asked t spend their valuable time at schl learning Chinese calligraphy?
⑤The secnd argument against learning Chinese calligraphy at schl is that it takes a lng time t master. The time at schl is better spent n mre imprtant subjects. After all, learning Chinese calligraphy can always be dne as an after-schl activity if students are really interested in it.
⑥In my pinin, the advantages far utweigh the disadvantages. This special art frm is ne f China’s natinal treasures. It als helps t enrich students’ life and imprve their sense f beauty. S withut dubt, it is wrth being included in the schl curriculum.
38．Which f the fllwing is the structure f the passage?
A．B．
C． D．
39．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．High technlgy can help students becme mre patient.
B．Students shuld spend mre time n after-schl activities.
C．Learning Chinese calligraphy gets mre ppular in the mdern age.
D．Students may like art wrks better after learning Chinese calligraphy.
40．What des the writer prbably think f learning Chinese calligraphy?
A．Imprtant and necessary.B．Valuable but backward.
C．Ppular and interesting.D．Meaningful but bring.
（二）（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）
I am sure yu knw the stry f the turtle（乌龟） and the rabbit. It taught peple many lessns. One f these lessns is that peple wh have all the advantages （the fast-jumping rabbit） can be beaten by thse wh have nthing but inner strength （内在的力量） （the slw turtle）.
It is true that the race f life, just like the ne between the rabbit and the turtle, is ften unfair. Sme kids have all the luck. They were brn healthy and their parents are rich. These kids wear nice clthes and they always have much mney t buy anything they like. But many ther kids have nne f these things. They have t depend n their inner strength alne.
_______, this is nt true. In fact, the “turtles” —kids frm pr families —have sme f the mst imprtant things fr success. They are determined（有决心的） and hard-wrking. They mve frward slwly but with great inner strength.
A student frm Tsinghua University shared his persnal experience nline. He chse t get a part-time jb and study hard while his classmates were having fun utside. He knew there wuld be plenty f time fr fun nce he had vercme all f the difficulties. His stry may have encuraged “turtles”. The race f life is lng. Even if yu get ff t a slw start, yu can easily catch up if yu make up yur mind t d s.
41．What can we learn frm the stry f the turtle and the rabbit?
A．A persn wh has nthing can succeed easily.
B．A persn wh has advantages can succeed.
C．A persn wh has inner strength can get successful finally.
D．A persn wh wrks withut rest can get successful easily.
42．Why des the writer say “the race f life is ften unfair”?
A．All the peple have different dreams.B．Peple are treated differently in life.
C．Everyne wants t win the race.D．Nt everyne has the same starting pint.
43．Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the _______?
A．While many peple believe the “rabbits” are always successful.
B．While many peple believe the “turtles” are always successful.
C．Because many peple believe the “rabbits” are always successful
D．Because many peple believe the “turtles” are always successful
44．The writer mentined a student frm Tsinghua University in rder t _______.
A．intrduce his experience in Tsinghua University
B．encurage us t enter gd universities
C．shw us the imprtance f studying in the university
D．supprt his idea that pr students have special things fr success
45．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T advise us t try new things.B．T tell us hw t succeed quickly.
C．T shw us the pwer f inner strength.D．T encurage us t take races in life.
（三）（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）
Mst f us cannt imagine mdern life withut scial media(社交媒体). We use it almst every day in rder t keep up with what is happening in ur friends’ lives, r find ut the latest infrmatin. Althugh it has a bad influence if we dn’t use it prperly, scial media has dne mre gd than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can cnnect with peple much mre easily. We are still able t keep in tuch with ur friends if they are far away. With scial media, friendship ges beynd gegraphy. We are able t find friends ld and new. Als, it makes it easier fr us t make friends, especially fr thse wh are afraid f making friends face t face. Are yu shy? If yes, scial media has prbably helped.
Scial media is als ideal fr making yurself heard. Anyne with a vice can express it. Anyne with a talent is free t shw it. Everyne is the new cntent creatr. Mrever, anyne with a smartphne and the Internet can be a reprter. As a result, it has becme much faster t cver the news than ever befre.
Scial media, n the ther hand, can make us less cnfident smetimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library f Science, fund that the mre a persn uses scial media, the sadder he feels abut his wn life. One reasn fr this is that peple arund us put clurful infrmatin and perfect pictures nline in rder t shw ff their best mment. S we ften get a distrted sense f hw wnderful their lives are cmpared t ur wn.
Scial media des nt cause sadness; it simply prvides anther tl fr us t use. Is it gd r bad? Nbel Peace Prize winner Malala Yusafzai says, “What is interesting is the pwer and influence f scial media ... We must try t use scial media in a gd way.” After all, yu decide hw yu use this pwerful tl.
46．What is the greatest advantage f scial media accrding t the passage?
A．Expressing ur vices freely.B．Shwing ur talents t thers.
C．Recrding the best side f ur life.D．Cnnecting with peple mre easily.
47．What des the wrd “distrted” prbably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．clearB．differentC．incrrectD．simple
48．Which picture shws the structure(结构) f the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A．B．
C．D．
49．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Scial Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?B．Scial Media: T Use Or Nt T Use?
C．Scial Media: Cnnecting The WrldD．Scial Media: Making Yurself Heard
（四）（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
Cmputer scientist Mary has an idea fr a new rbt t help her wrk with children. Hw shuld it lk? The rbt shuld have arms t be able t lift things. And if it is ging t cmmunicate with peple, it will als need a face. Scientists believe that giving a rbt a face can make it seem mre friendly. Humans wuld als like t pay mre attentin t rbts with faces. But what kind?
Fr Mary, she wants t make sure that her new rbt desn’t lk t much like a human. She wants peple t just treat it as a machine-persn. If it lks mre like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary als believes that rbt faces dn’t need t lk a lt like urs. Her research shws that we can enjy cmmunicating with rbts whether r nt they lk like humans, because ur brains are able t lk fr faces. Just put tw circles n tp f a rbt’s bdy, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that althugh at first we might be afraid when seeing a rbt with a lifelike face, we may sn get used t it. If rbts are ging t wrk clsely with humans, they shuld lk as much like us as pssible. After all, faces are an imprtant part f the way we cmmunicate.
T make his rbts lk as much like real peple as pssible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) fr their faces. With this skin, rbts can shw human-like expressins and appear t be angry, sad, happy r surprised. Dave’s rbts are als prgrammed t cpy expressins. Hw? Just imagine his rbt is lking at yu. The cameras in its eyes send pictures f yur face t its central cmputer!
50．Why d scientists think a rbt needs a face?
A．It will becme mre beautiful.B．It can d better in lifting things.
C．It will pay mre attentin t children.D．It can better cmmunicate with peple.
51．What des the underlined wrd “creepy” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Uncmfrtable t lk at.B．Impssible t tuch.
C．Bring t talk t.D．Difficult t understand.
52．Which f the fllwing wuld Dave mst prbably agree with?
A．Peple shuld treat rbts as humans.
B．Rbts need t express their wn feelings.
C．Rbts shuldn't lk t much like humans.
D．Peple can easily accept rbts with a human face.
53．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T explain the reasns why rbts shuld have faces.
B．T suggest what humans can d with rbts with faces.
C．T share ideas n what kind f faces rbts shuld have.
D．T shw hw scientists invent rbts with different faces.
（五）（2023·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）
It is cmmnly believed that children are t yung t fully appreciate (欣赏) the experience and knwledge f their elders, while many think that ld peple dn’t understand the yung. But actually (事实上), bth grups have a lt t learn frm each ther.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Hme in my city. It is mainly an rganizatin (机构) fr serving the elderly. But nt all f its visitrs are ld peple. The hme als includes a childcare center fr pre-schl kids. There is a playgrund in the care hme, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn mre abut each ther, and respect (尊重) and understand ne anther.
I suppse this is quite an interesting idea. Fr ne thing, we live in a wrld where there are mre and mre ld peple. The wrld is facing this prblem and its ppulatin ages. It will be imprtant fr yung peple t be able t understand and care fr the elderly in the cming years.
Regretfully, my wn grandparents weren’t arund when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never gt t learn what the wrld was like thrugh their eyes, r what kinds f prblems they might have faced when they were my age. T me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard t understand r explain.
Hwever, I think I can still learn frm ther peple f lder generatins (辈). I might find sme f their ideas ut f date, and they might believe that my generatin’s way f thinking is strange r incrrect. But we can still learn frm each ther anyway.
54．What is special abut the Smith’s Care Hme?
A．It is nly a childcare center actually.
B．The elderly lk after kids carefully there.
C．It accepts bth the elderly and pre-schl kids.
55．In the writer’s pinin (观点),what prblem is the wrld facing?
A．There are mre and mre ld peple.
B．The wrld’s ppulatin is drpping rapidly.
C．The wrld is shrt f care hmes fr ld peple.
56．What des the underlined wrd “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．笑话B．悲剧C．谜团
57．Hw des the writer develp his/her idea in this text?
A．By giving examples.B．By listing numbers.C．By raising questins.
58．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T explain why the wrld’s ppulatin ages.
B．T encurage different generatins t learn frm each ther.
C．T shw that lder generatins’ ways f thinking are incrrect.
（六）（2023·浙江·统考中考真题）
Rger Federer, a wrld-famus sprts star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games t deal with his knee prblem. It was a hard decisin because n ne wanted t be a quitter. But finding the curage t let g can be gd fr yu.
Nthing is fun all the time. Sticking at smething difficult teaches us imprtant skills like perseverance(毅力). Hwever, learning t let g when things aren’t right is imprtant t. Maybe yur heart isn’t in playing the pian any mre, r yu nly play ftball because yur friends d and yu want t try a different sprt instead. Making the decisin t walk away can free up time and energy t spend n smething yu really enjy. In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.
But hw can yu knw it’s time t stp and mve n? Eric Bean is an expert in sprts psychlgy(心理学) wh helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter f black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully abut why yu aren’t enjying smething any mre. Is it because yu’ve argued with a teammate r can’t get n with a new art teacher? Talk abut this with a trusted adult r friend. That can help yu decide whether yu shuld stay and stick, r quit and mve n.
Quitting desn’t have t mean ttally giving up, thugh. Fr example, playing an instrument might be mre fun if yu take away the pressure f exams. If yu d decide t give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up anther where yu can still enjy things like teamwrk, creativity, and exercise.
59．The writer mentins “Rger Federer” in Paragraph 1 t shw that ________.
A．we shuld never give upB．we shuld get away frm truble
C．it’s all right t stp and quitD．it’s difficult t win Olympic medals
60．Accrding t Paragraph 2, learning t let g is imprtant because we can ________.
A．learn abut perseveranceB．have enugh mney t spend
C．live a busier and fuller lifeD．feel mre cnfident in urselves
61．By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A．it’s nt gd t stick at things we dn’t like
B．we shuld think twice befre quitting an activity
C．we dn’t have t take exams t shw ur true abilities
D．it’s wiser t pick up a new hbby than t keep the ld ne
62．Which culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Knwing When t StpB．Wrking Hard t Mve n
C．Learning Hw t Grw upD．Starting Early t Make Changes
目录
一
复习目标
掌握目标及备考方向
二
考情分析
中考阅读理解议论文考情分析
三
阅读议论文的考向
细节理解题
推理判断题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
5.提升必考题型归纳
四
真题感悟
中考阅读议论文经典考题精选