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第14讲 形容词、副词(讲义)-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义(全国通用)
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这是一份第14讲 形容词、副词(讲义)-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义(全国通用),文件包含第14讲形容词副词讲义-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测全国通用原卷版docx、第14讲形容词副词讲义-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测全国通用解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源,其中学案共46页, 欢迎下载使用。
中考总复习一般分为三轮:
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习,使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法,形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档,而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是:完成各部分知识的条 理,归纳,糅合,使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主,回扣教材,查缺补漏,进行强化训练。同时,要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法,使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
►第14讲 形容词、副词 (讲义)
【复习目标】
1.熟练掌握形容词和副词的句法功能和分类;
2.掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化;
3.掌握修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式;
4.掌握倍数表达法;
5.掌握形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法
6.掌握易混易错形容词和副词
【考情分析】
形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类,主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面:1. 形容词的比较等级;2. 形容词词义辨析;3. 形容词短语搭配。4.形容词的比较级和最高级。纵观近年各地市中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。
【网络构建】
考向一形容词和副词的句法功能和分类
一、形容词的分类
形容词的句法功能
二、副词的基本用法
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
►We shuld listen t ur teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。
►He is very happy tday.他今天非常高兴。
►"What happened?"I asked, rather angrily. "发生什么事情了?"我相当生气地问。
►In spring, I can see flwers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。
不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。
►Have yu read this bk befre? (副词,作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗?
►He will arrive befre ten ’clck.(介词,befre ten ’clck 是介词短语,作时间状语)他将在10点钟前到达。
副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为:
1. 时间副词:tday, early, sn, nw, then, recently, still
1)表示发生时间的副词:
►It’s beginning t rain nw! 现在开始下雨了!
2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, ften, usually, smetimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。
►She ften changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:
►He has just had an peratin. 他刚动过手术。
2. 地点副词:here, there, ut, smewhere, abrad, hme
1)有不少表示地点的副词:
►She is studying abrad. 她在国外留学。
2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,后跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:
①用作介词:Stand up!起立!
②用作副词: A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3)以where构成的副词也是地点副词: It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3. 方式副词:well, fast, slwly, carefully, quickly
1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答hw的问题):
►Hw beautifully yur wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。
2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:
►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:
►He left the twn secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
4. 程度副词:very, much, enugh, almst, rather, quite
5. 频度副词:always, ften, usually, smetimes, seldm, never
6. 疑问副词:where, hw, why
7. 否定副词:n, nt, neither, nr
8. 其他副词:als, t, nly
考向二 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化
一 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
规则变化
注意:
有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:cmmn, handsme, plite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以w,er结尾的词。
有些形容词没有程度可分,或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrng(错误的),excellent(优秀的),pssible(可能的),empty(空的),favrite(最爱的),perfect(完美的)等。
不规则变化
注意:elder 不能与than连用,只能用作定语修饰名词,仅用于同辈之间的排行,即家庭成员的长幼关系,如:elder sister(姐姐),elder brther(哥哥)
考向三 修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式
一 比较级和最高级的标志词
修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有:rather,much,still,even,far,by far (后置),a lt,a little,a great deal,a bit, any等。
The students study even harder than befre.
学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。
The bk is far mre interesting than the bks I have ever read.
这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
最高级可用by far,almst,nearly,ne f及序数词修饰,表示程度或顺序。
The bridge being built nw is by far the lngest acrss the Yellw River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。
比较级+than... (比更)
He rises earlier than anyne else in his class.
他比班里其他人都起得早。
less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如)
This bk is less amusing than that ne.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
the+比较级+f (两者中更的)
He is the taller f the tw bys.他是两个男孩中较高的。
the+比较级+主语+谓语,the +比较级+主语+谓语(越就越)
The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu’ll make.
你越认真,犯的错误就越少。
易混点:the +最高级,副词最高级前通常不用the .
Of all the mbile phnes I like this ne best.
在所有手机中,我最喜欢这个。
(7)“形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”
在“比较级+and+比较级”结构中,单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词er+and+形容词/副词er”结构,多音节形容词和副词常用“mre and mre+形容词或副词原级”结构。
Things are getting better and better day by day.
情况正在一天天好起来。
It's becming mre and mre difficult t find a rewarding jb.
找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。
(8)否定词与比较级连用表示最高级
I have never heard a better vice.
我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。
易混点:
类似用法的结构:can't/culdn't ... t+adj./adv.=can't/culdn't ... +adj./adv.+enugh 表示“无论……也不为过”。
(2)英语中有些词没有比较级,但仍可表示比较级的意思,通常与介词t连用,不与than共同使用,如:senir, junir, superir, inferir等。
考向四 倍数表达法
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+f+B
The+名词(size, length, height等)+f+A is+倍数+that+f+B
A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
考向五 形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法
一 名词、动词加上后缀构成形容词
二 常用形容词前缀
三 形容词变副词规则
易错易混点:
以ly结尾的形容词
friendly友好的 lvely可爱的 lively精力充沛的
lnely孤独的 weekly每周的 daily每日的
deadly致命的 mnthly每月的 yearly每年的
考向六 易混易错形容词和副词
既可作形容词又可作副词且有ly表抽象概念(有ly)的词
2.有无ly意义大不相同的副词
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(dead完全地,全然地be dead asleep,deadly非常be deadly tired))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(pretty相当be pretty certain that ... ,prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(late晚,迟arrive late, cme late,lately最近;近来I haven't seen him lately.))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(hard 努力地wrk hard,hardly 几乎不He has hardly eat anything.))
一、单项选择
1.(2023·浙江·模拟预测)—D yu like English?
—Yes. But I think it’s ________ subject f all.
A.the easiestB.the mst difficultC.the mst interestingD.the mst bring
2.(2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测)—Guess what! The farmers made Tian’anmen Square mdel with millins f crns.
—Ww! There are always many ________ peple arund us!
A.lcalB.creativeC.tinyD.humrus
3.(2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模)—Why d s many peple like blind bxes like POPMART?
—I think it’s because peple will easily get ________ abut smething uncertain.
A.excitedB.bredC.relaxedD.wrried
4.(2023·重庆江北·校考三模)As a pstman in a lnely village, Mr. Zhang thinks his jb ________ because he helps the villagers keep in tuch with their families.
A.cmfrtableB.terribleC.valuableD.pssible
5.(2023·福建·校联考三模)—Will everyne take part in the cncert tnight?
—I’m afraid nt. Jack will be ________ because he is preparing fr his speech.
A.nervusB.patientC.absent
6.(2023·福建泉州·统考三模)—Shall we run quickly t escape when we are n fire?
—Of curse nt. It’s said t be even mre ________ t d that.
A.dangerusB.deliciusC.difficult
7.(2023·江苏镇江·统考一模)It is ________ f that man t wait fr a lng time n such a ht day.
A.patientB.curiusC.imaginativeD.careful
8.(2023·河北石家庄·校联考一模)—Are yu ging t get t airprt by bus?
—I’d rather take a taxi. It’s ________.
A.quickerB.cheaperC.the quickestD.the cheapest
9.(2023·湖北武汉·统考二模)—It’s really hard fr me t make a chice!
—Yu can turn t Marie fr help. She’s always a ________ thinker.
A.freshB.clearC.straightD.typical
10.(2023·甘肃白银·统考二模)—What d yu think f the service f this stre?
—It’s ________. The waiters are patient with custmers.
A.usefulB.painfulC.wnderfulD.awful
11.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中学校考三模)We shuldn’t depend n ur parents t much. It’s ________ fr us t make ur wn decisin.
A.imprtantB.impssibleC.impatient
12.(2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测)—Wuld yu like t g bike riding with us tnight?
—It’s wrth trying, but my mm will ________ disagree.
A.prperlyB.prbablyC.perfectly
13.(2023·福建泉州·模拟预测)—Sir, wuld yu mind speaking mre __________? I can’t fllw yu.
—Of curse nt.
A.slwlyB.plitelyC.quickly
14.(2023·重庆大渡口·统考一模)The waiters f the restaurant treat peple ________. They always serve them with big smiles n their faces.
A.wiselyB.cmpletelyC.differentlyD.plitely
15.(2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模)Alice watched TV the whle afternn ________ t kill the bring time.
A.simplyB.suddenlyC.differentlyD.quickly
16.(2023·甘肃白银·统考二模)Emily is a kind girl. She is ________ ready t help peple in need.
A.smetimesB.neverC.hardlyD.always
17.(2023·吉林长春·统考一模)My father gets up early every mrning, s he is ________ late fr wrk.
A.ftenB.nearlyC.neverD.always
18.(2023·安徽宿州·统考二模)—Lk! Hw ______ it rains. I’m afraid we have t put ff the plan f camping.
—What a pity! Hpe it will be sunny sn.
A.quicklyB.heavilyC.greatlyD.directly
19.(2023·安徽安庆·安庆市第二中学校考二模)The member f the team jin hands with each ther, s the wrk ges n ________.
A.prlyB.carelesslyC.peacefullyD.smthly
20.(2023·福建福州·模拟预测)The price f il is much ________ than befre, s many peple g t wrk by bus instead f by car.
A.highB.higherC.the highest
21.(2023·吉林长春·吉林省第二实验学校校考二模)________ yu get t knw abut Chinese culture, ________ yu lve this mysterius cuntry.
A.The better, the betterB.The mre, the mre
C.The mre seriusly, the mre seriusD.The lnger, the lnger
22.(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考三模)— Are yu ging t the airprt by bus?
— I’d rather take a taxi. It’s much ________.
A.quickerB.cheaperC.the quickestD.the cheapest
23.(2023·重庆铜梁·重庆市巴川中学校校考二模)Hme is _______ place wherever we g. As we knw, “East r west, hme is the best.”
A.warmB.warmerC.the warmerD.the warmest
24.(2023·上海黄浦·统考三模)Cuntry life isn’t always as ________ as city life, villagers think.
A.peacefulB.mre peacefulC.mst peacefulD.the mst peaceful
25.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模)—Hw d yu like Jasn’s bks?
—I think they are interesting. The mre I read them, ________ I like them.
A.the mreB.the leastC.the less
26.(2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测)—We’re ding a lt t prtect ur envirnment, but it’s nt enugh!
—S we shuld try ________ t prtect it.
A.hardB.hardlyC.hardestD.harder
27.(2023·四川广元·统考一模)—Lucy, yur English has imprved s much. Hw did yu d it?
—Nthing difficult. The ________ yu wrk at it, the mre prgress yu will make.
A.harderB.hardC.hardlyD.mre hardly
28.(2023·湖南湘西·统考二模)—D yu think rbts can d things as ________ as man?
—I dn’t think s.
A.wellB.gdC.better
29.(2023·重庆綦江·校联考一模)—Wh will yu miss ________ f all the teachers after graduatin?
—My headteacher, Miss Huang.
A.mreB.the bestC.the mstD.the mre
30.(2023·江西抚州·统考一模)Daniel asked the taxi driver t drive a little ________ because he had t catch the last train.
A.quicklyB.mre quicklyC.the mst quicklyD.less quickly
二、语法选择
(2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模)
Have yu ever wndered what it takes t be an astrnaut? In Octber 2022, the astrnaut Sctt 31 his fantastic experiences in space with sme kids.
Sctt was accepted int the astrnaut training prgram 32 1996. Then he learned t fly a space plane. “I wrked really hard n it,” he said abut 33 training. He tk part in fur space 34 frm 1999 t 2016. His first task was a repair trip. On his secnd trip, he was the task leader. In 2011, he finished his third task. He 35 t set ff n a 340-day task by the Space Engineering Office. It was a five-mnth stay n the Internatinal Space Statin. It wuld becme ne f 36 trips in space.
The main purpse was t study 37 after a lng space flight(飞行). Sctt went t space. His brther, Mark, stayed n Earth. Then scientists were able 38 them. Because they are twins and have 39 same DNA.There’s still a lt t learn abut the effects f space flights n the bdy. And there’s always wrk t be dne in space.
Fr thse kids wh want t becme astrnauts, Sctt has sme advice. “Chse smething that yu like,” he says, “because 40 yu like it, yu’ ll d better at it.”
31.A.sharesB.will shareC.sharedD.is sharing
32.A.inB.atC.nD.f
33.A.heB.hisC.himD.himself
34.A.skillB.skillsC.taskD.tasks
35.A.chsesB.chseC.was chsenD.is chsen
36.A.lngerB.the lngestC.heavierD.the heaviest
37.A.what the human bdy wuld be likeB.what wuld the human bdy be like
C.hw the human bdy wuld be likeD.hw wuld the human bdy be like
38.A.inviteB.t inviteC.cmpareD.t cmpare
39.A./B.theC.aD.an
40.A.befreB.unlessC.ifD.thugh
一、单项选择
1.(2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题)—Life is like a rad. It isn’t always ________.
—I can’t agree mre. S we shuld learn t deal with all kinds f difficulties.
A.smthB.silentC.seriusD.special
2.(2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题)— Tim is an excellent by. Everyne likes him.
— Yes, his grandparents are very ________ f him.
A.prudB.funnyC.excitedD.afraid
3.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题)—Did yu g n a schl trip last weekend?
—Yes. We visited the science museum. It was really ________ and all f us enjyed urselves.
A.interestedB.bringC.interesting
4.(2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题)We shuld eat ________ fruit and vegetables t keep healthy.
A.freeB.freshC.sftD.sweet
5.(2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题)—As far as I knw, the high-speed railway frm Shiyan t Xi’an will be finished sn.
—Yeah. It will be mre ________ fr us t travel t Xi’an.
A.dangerusB.difficultC.cnvenientD.traditinal
6.(2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题)Jim can carry the heavy bx because he is much ________ than the thers in his class.
A.strngerB.thinnerC.smallerD.weaker
7.(2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)Hua Hua—a panda at Chengdu Giant Panda Base is ________ because f her cute lks.
A.ppularB.publicC.prperD.private
8.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题)Parents shuld teach their children t behave ________ in public.
A.prperlyB.clearlyC.imprtantlyD.widely
9.(2023·山东东营·统考中考真题)Shrt-frm vides can ________ catch peple’s eyes. That’s ne reasn why lts f peple spend hurs n Duyin.
A.easilyB.widelyC.luckilyD.seriusly
10.(2022·青海·统考中考真题)Peple in Qinghai are wrking hard. That’s why Qinghai is develping s ________.
A.regularlyB.rapidlyC.suddenly
11.(2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题)— What shuld we take when ging birdwatching?
— Yu’d better take a pair f binculars which will help yu see mre ________.
A.quietlyB.clearlyC.plitelyD.seriusly
12.(2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题)Tm, yu haven’t changed at all—yu still lk __________ the same.
A.especiallyB.exactlyC.pssiblyD.hardly
13.(2022·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题)—Have yu ever watched Xiangyang Flwer-Drum Opera?
—N, never. Perhaps it shuld be intrduced _________ t yung peple.
A.heavilyB.cheaplyC.widelyD.nearly
14.(2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题)If yu want t brrw bks frm the schl library, ________ frget yur ID card.
A.alwaysB.neverC.smetimesD.hardly
15.(2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题)Jenny is ging t buy a pair f glasses because she can ________ see things clearly these days.
A.alreadyB.hardlyC.wellD.almst
16.(2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题)— Why d yu hardly make mistakes?
— Because I d everything very _______.
A.carelesslyB.unluckilyC.carefullyD.cmfrtably
17.(2022·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Which teacher will yu miss mst after junir high schl, Clara?
—Mr. Lee. He is always ________ with me in math class.
A.carefulB.patientC.busy
18.(2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题)—Are yu ging t ride yur bike t the beach?
—Yes. It’s ________ f all.
A.cnvenientB.mre cnvenientC.mst cnvenientD.the mst cnvenient
19.(2022·北京·统考中考真题)After taking tennis classes, Tim is much ________ than last year.
A.strngB.strngerC.strngestD.the strngest
20.(2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题)Tday is much ________ than yesterday. Nice!
A.clB.clerC.clestD.the clest
21.(2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题)I think swimming is ne f _______ sprts in ur schl.
A.ppularB.mre ppularC.the mst ppular
22.(2022·广西贺州·统考中考真题)Andy desn’t like junk fd at all, s she ________ eats it.
A.ftenB.smetimesC.usuallyD.never
23.(2022·天津·统考中考真题)Althugh he failed many times, he ________ gave up his dream.
A.nearlyB.neverC.ftenD.always
24.(2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题)Tina gets up early every mrning, s she is ________ late fr schl.
A.ftenB.alwaysC.usuallyD.never
25.The sup tastes ________ because it’s t salty. I put salt int it t ________ in a hurry.
A.terribly; carefullyB.terrible; careful
C.terrible; carelesslyD.terribly; careless
分类
说明
性质形容词
用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中,大量的形容词属于这一类别,多数有比较级和最高级,有程度大小的区别,可以使用程度副词修饰。
funny滑稽的,lvely可爱的,healthy健康的
类别形容词
用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级,而且不使用程度副词修饰。
financial经济的,mental脑力的,cultural文化的
颜色形容词
用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。
blue蓝色的,green绿色的,white白色的
叙述形容词
这类形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。
afraid害怕的,alne单独的,asleep睡着的,wrth值得的,ill病的
分词形容词
英语中有些表情感态度的动词,如excite,wrry,其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化,即相当于形容词。
wrried担优的,wrrying令人担忧的,exciting令人兴奋的,excited感到兴奋的
复合形容词
指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。
three-year-ld三岁的,rdinary-lking相貌普通的,middle-aged中年的
成分
说明
例句
作定语
一般放在所修饰词的前面
It’s a cld and windy day tday. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。
作表语
放在系动词的后面
He lks happy tday. 他今天看上去很开心。
做补足语
作主语或宾语的补足语,说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征
I think it impssible fr him t finish the wrk befre dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。
作状语
主要表示原因、伴随或方式
Hungry and tired, I had t stp t have a rest. 又累又饿,我只好停下来休息一下。
【知识拓展】
1. 形容词修饰smething, anything, nthing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。
Wuld yu like smething ht t drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗?
There is nthing imprtant in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。
2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
The bridge is abut tw hundred metres lng. 这座桥长约两百米。
Last year we built a building thirteen streys high. 去年,我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。
3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列:限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。
【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。
a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌
her charming small rund pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋
thse beautiful little ld Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词末一般直接加er和est
great
greater
greatest
单音节词以e结尾,只加r和st
brave
wide
braver
wider
bravest
widest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和est
big
ht
bigger
htter
biggest
httest
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加er和est
happy
happier
happiest
多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加mre和mst
difficult
expensive
mre difficult
mre expensive
mst difficult
mst expensive
少数以er,w结尾的双音节词,加er和est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
narrw
narrwer
narrwest
原级
比较级
最高级
gd, well
better
best
bad, ill
wrse
wrst
many, much许多的
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther距离远的
farthest距离最远
far
further距离更远;程度更胜
furthest距离最远;程度最深
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest
后缀
示例
名词+-y
health-healthy; nise-nisy; leaf-leafy; sun-sunny; rain-rainy; snw-snwy
名词+-ful
pwer-pwerful; peace-peaceful; beauty-beautiful; wnder-wnderful;
help-helpful; faith-faithful; shame-shameful; thank-thankful
名词+-less
care-careless; hpe-hpeless; use-useless; wire-wireless
名词+-ic
energy-energetic; base-basic
名词+-en
wd-wden;gld—glden; wl-wlen
名词+-al/-ial
natin-natinal;educatin—educatinal;nature—natural
名词+ish
fl-flish; self-selfish; by-byish; child—childish
名词+us
danger-dangerus; curage-curageus; fame-famus
名词+ly
friend-friendly; rder-rderly; day-daily
名词/动词+able
advise-advisable; cmfrt-cmfrtable; value-valuable
动词+ive
act-active; impress-impressive
前缀
示例
extra-超出,特别
extrardinary非凡的;extra-large特大的
anti- 反;抗
antinuclear反对使用核武的;anti-Japanese war抗日战争
un- 不,非
unable不能的;unhappy不快乐的
in- 不,非
inactive不活动的;incnvenient不方便的
im- 不,非
impssible不可能的;implite不礼貌的
ir- 不,非
irregular不规则的;irrespnsible无责任感的
il- 不,非
illegal非法的;illgical不合逻辑的
nn- 不,非
nnvilent非暴力的;nnprfit非盈利的
情况
构成
示词
一般情况
加ly
quick—quickly,brave—bravely,immediate—immediately
以辅音字母
+y结尾
将y改为i
再加ly
easy—easily, happy—happily,
heavy—heavily, busy—busily
以le结尾
去e加y
simple—simply,gentle—gently,terrible-terribly
以元音字母
+e结尾
去e加ly
true—truly
以ll结尾
只加y
full—fully, dull—dully
以ic结尾
加ally
basic—basically,scientific—scientifically
情况
形容词
副词(抽象含义)
deep
深的
The hle is deep.这个洞很深。
深地;在深处
He wrked deep int the night.他工作到深夜。
deeply
深深地;深刻地
He is deeply mved .他被深深地打动了。
wide
宽阔的;宽的
The river is 10 meters wide.
关阔地;充分地
Open yur eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。
widely
广泛地
English is widely used in the wrld.英语在世界上被普遍应用。
high
高的
高;向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。
highly
高度地;非常
He is highly spken f.他被高度评价。
clse
近的;亲密的;仔细的
He is my clse friend.
他是我关系很好的朋友。
挨着;接近
Stand clse t the dr.站的挨着门。
clsely
密切地 Listen clsely.仔细地听。
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