人教版中考英语阅读理解四大题型高分秘籍-解题技巧课件

这是一份人教版中考英语阅读理解四大题型高分秘籍-解题技巧课件，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了了解题型，Part 01，解题技巧，Part 02，真题示例，Part 03，实战演练，Part 04等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考阅读理解主要有哪些题型？
那这些题型有哪些设问方式？
1.Which f the fllwing is TRUE(NOT true)?2.Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined(未提及)?3.Frm the we knw the fllwing EXCEPT（除了）____
1）What des the underlined wrd “patience” mean in the passage? 文段中下划线词“patience”是什么意思？2）The underlined wrd “patience” means in Chinese. 下划线词“patience”的中文意思是________ 。3）The underlined wrd “patience” means in the secnd paragraph. 下划线词“patience”在第二段的意思是 __。
1.What can we knw/infer(推断) accrding t the passage?2.We can guess the writer f the passage may be a_3.Frm the passage we can knw______4.The writer suggest that______5.Why…6) The purpse f this article/passage is ___.
用“infer, cnclude, imply, suggest, learn”提问的题 推断 总结 暗示 建议 学习
1)What’s the best title fr this passage? What is the tpic f the passage?
3)The main idea f this paragraph?
2) The passage is mainly abut___? The main idea f this passage? The passage tells us that___.
通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。解题三步曲：1、阅读题干，划出关键词 ；2、定位原文（定位文章中的句子），确定关键词 ；3、分析原文及选项（配对选项与原文句子中的同义词），确定关键词，得出答案 。
1、(1)同义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne’s jb换成了be ut f wrk。(2)语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。(3)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。2、标点符号——冒号后、破折号后就是答案；重要的人说的话，引号内就是答案；3、正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can，may，might，pssible，nt necessarily，sme。4、正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。 首段（首句）、每段首句、末句，往往是主旨句，是答案 ； 关联词because, fr, as fr, nw that, hwever, but, therefre等后面就是答案； 5、注意代词如 it，that，thse，these指代的对象→分析句子划出列举性的词，如 first/secnd/third/what's mre/in additin/cupled with文章列举处常出题，且“三对一错”/“三错一对”的题型居多。
颠倒是非---与原文内容相反；正误并存---与原文内容一半相符，一半不同;叙述过于绝对化---选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如: every, must,never, the mst, all, nly, have t, any, n，nne, 最高级：the mst/ - est等。但不是绝对，也有例外。无中生有---原文没有提及。张冠李戴偷梁换柱---注意选项中的副词、形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must, may, ften，shuld, usually,might, mst，mre r less，all, never, few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换,往往被忽视。因果倒置---具体看利用逻辑关系解题部分以偏概全--常用于主旨大意题 答非所问
Squirrels have fur big teeth in the frnt f their muth that keep grwing all thrugh their lives. They are knwn fr their lve f nuts(坚果), and they can eat as much fd as their bdy weight each week. They will ften keep nuts in the grund fr the lng winter mnths. Many peple think that squirrels nly eat nuts, but this isn’t true. They als like t eat plants, fruits, eggs, small animals and even yung snakes.
26. Why d squirrels keep nuts in the grund?A. T eat in winter.B. T plant trees. C. T lse sme weight. D. T have fun.
1.阅读题干（划关键词）
3.分析原文+排除选项
2023年 重庆中考真题B篇
它们（松鼠）把坚果藏在地下是为了在漫长的冬天吃
…⑤S, let’s rethink what’s really imprtant. Is it fashin r is it ur well-being? Clthes r hairstyles dn’t tell us anything abut a persn ‘s character. Instead f spending a lt f time chsing clthes, we culd use that time t d fun things with friends. And instead f fllwing extreme diets, let’s eat prperly and exercise regularly. Remember, yur wrth is nt decided by yur appearance, but by wh yu are as a persn.23. Why d sme peple g n extreme diets accrding t the passage?A. Because the diets are healthy.B. Because they just want t lk gd.C. Because they want t save time.D. Because they want t save mney.
2023年 浙江宁波中考真题C篇
与其极度节食，不如让我们适当地吃和规律地运动。记住，你的价值不是由你的外貌决定的，而是取决于你是谁。
③ The Mnglian peple live in the Mnglian yurts （蒙古包）.These yurts are large rund tents and their tps lk like umbrellas. They are the traditinal hmes f the Mnglian peple.The yurts are usually white because they're made f sheep's wl.And white is a symbl f happiness.
2023年 吉林中考真题B篇
42. What's the Mnglian yurt？ ______ A. A traditinal hme. B. A big festival. C. A specail sng. D. A gd wish.
蒙古人住在蒙古包里…（蒙古包）是他们传统的住所。
①Prince Caspian’s parents died. He lived with his uncle, Miraz, the King f Narnia and his aunt. Thugh he had wnderful tys, he liked best the last hur f the day when the tys had all been put away and Nurse wuld tell him stries.….
32. What was Caspian’s favurite hur during a day?A. When he played with wnderful tys.B. When his uncle had a walk with him.C. When he learned t ride a hrse.D. When Nurse tld him stries.
2023年 重庆中考真题D篇
根据上下文(语境)猜测词义。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
1. 根据反义关系猜词
2. 根据同义关系猜词
3. 根据定义或释义猜词
althugh, but, hwever
fr example, such as…
5. 根据因果关系猜词
s, because…
6. 根据构词法来猜词
that is…,定语从句
11. The underlined wrd “annyed” in Paragraph 1 means “_________”.A. deaf B. happy C. angry D. surprised
…The thing that I really miss mst is playing with my friends. We were a big grup f arund 15 friends r mre. We usually played balls in the parking lt. Our neighbrs ften talked abut ur faults because smetimes the ball hit the cars r brke the street lights, mst f the time we shuted t ludly and made them annyed.
3.分析原文＋排除选项
2023年 山东枣庄中考真题A篇
…很多时候我们大喊大叫让他们很 .
…④Besides, sme bys and girls spend a lt f time and mney changing their hair clr. The material they use is usually harmful t their health. T make their hair straight r curly, they als use tls that are ht enugh t burn their hair. But using these tls t ften r at very high temperatures can make the hair dry r even burnt. Is it really wrth it t risk ur health, spending s much time and mney?⑤S, let’s rethink what’s really imprtant. Is it fashin r is it ur well-being? Clthes r hairstyles dn’t tell us anything abut a persn ‘s character. …Remember, yur wrth is nt decided by yur appearance, but by wh yu are as a persn.
25. What des the underlined wrd "well-being" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Grwth. B. Health. C. Warmth. D. Wealth.
出现因果关系词s（结论），需要回读上一段的末尾。
根据因果关系分析可确定答案
所以，让我们再考虑考虑什么是真正重要的。是时尚还是我们的 ？
真的有必要冒着健康的风险，花费那么多时间和金钱吗?
…“I dn’t knw, Uncle,” said Caspian. “What d yu wish?” asked the King. “I wish-I wish—I wish I culd have lived in the Old Days,” said Caspian.Up till nw the King had been talking in a tiresme way, which made it quite clear that he wasn’t really interested in what they were saying, but he suddenly gave Caspian a sharp(锐利的) lk.…
33. What des the underlined wrd “tiresme” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Fantastic.B. Bring.C. Funny. D. Wrng.
到目前为止国王一直以这种 方式谈话，这种方式很清晰但他对他们的谈话并不感兴趣。
④ The Zhuang peple like singing even mre than talking. On the third day f the third Chinese lunar （阴历的） mnth，they hld a big singing festival. It is thrilling and wnderful. Men and wmen singers sing in pairs.The winners are the "king" and "queen" f singing. …
43. What des the underlined wrd "thrilling" mean in Paragraph 4？ ______ A. Quiet. B. Slw. C. Exciting. D. Easy.
出现并列关系词and，说明thrilling和wnderful意思相近
根据并列关系得出正确答案
在中国农历的第三个月的第三天，他们举行一个大型的歌唱节。这是 和美妙的。
1.不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案。2.抓住特定关键信息进行推理。3.根据主旨大意进行归纳、推理、判断。4.运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断
1.推理过度的片面结论。2.与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论(半真半假)。3.符合常识，但文章中没有信息支持。
根据文章细节事实进行逻辑推理，透过字面意义理解作者的言外之意。
切忌脱离原文仅凭个人的主观看法而主观臆断。
27. In which part f a magazine can yu prbably read this passage?A. Art. B. Sprts. C. Animals. D. Histry.
Squirrels(松鼠) are cute and interesting animals that can be fund in many parts f the wrld. They are knwn fr their lng tails, big teeth, and the ability t climb trees.They can jump up t 6 meters in height, and they can run up t 32 kilmeters every hur….Squirrels have sft bdies….Squirrels have fur big teeth in the frnt f their muth that keep grwing all thrugh their lives….One funny thing is that squirrels are gd at planting trees. ...
2.寻读文章、确定关键词
24. What is the writer’s purpse f using a questin in each paragraph?A. T ask fr help frm readers.B. T tell hw t spend time and mney.C. T describe the latest fashin.D. T lead readers t think abut the tpic.
①Have yu ever thught abut what’s mre imprtant, lking fashinable r feeling cmfrtable? ② …They might nt eat meals r eat t little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way t live?③…Shuld we put fashin ver cmfrt and physical health?④…Is it really wrth it t risk ur health, spending s much time and mney?⑤S, let’s rethink what’s really imprtant. Is it fashin r is it ur well-being?... Remember, yur wrth is nt decided by yur appearance, but by wh yu are as a persn.
1.阅读题干，浏览选项
2.品读开头及每段的每个问题
3.分析每个问题，会发现： 每个问题都围绕主题，让读者思考到底时尚重要还是舒适（健康）重要。
你是否想过什么更重要，时尚还是舒适？
（3）The writer uses the example f the Great Wall Marathn t tell that the rute difficult t plan B.shws the city cultureC.ffers different surfaces D.brings challenge t runners
…Marathn rutes bring peple mre understanding f the ld sprt.Sme rutes prvide great sprting challenges fr runners.The rutes ffer varius surfaces，frm bridges t sand t hills.Runners f all skill levels can sweat freely and push their limits in the race.Sme rutes are well planned fr runners t explre the many sides f a city.Fr example，the rute f the Great Wall Marathn takes the runners alng the great wnder f the wrld.The race can be an amazing chance t get t knw Beijing.
2023年 浙江温州中考真题B篇
3.分析原文，排除选项
说明作者以长城马拉松为例来说明这条路线展现的城市文化。
例如，长城马拉松可以让跑步者们沿着这个世界奇迹跑步。这个比赛也是一个了解北京的绝佳机会。
35. Hw did the King feel at the end f the stry?A. Prud. B. Wrried. C. Angry. D. Calm.
“Wh’s she?” said the King. If Caspian had been a little lder, the tne(语气) f his uncle’s vice wuld have warned him it wuld be wiser t shut up. But he talked n...
“她是谁？”，国王问道。凯斯宾有点老了，他叔叔的语气（国王）已经在警告他，他聪明点最好闭嘴。
在中考试卷中，主旨大意题一般有1~2个小题。命题出处常体现在以下几个：（1）段首、段尾句常考。（2）特殊标点符号。尤其在段首的特殊符号之后的内容，往往表达了作者的论点，阐述了全文的主题，常考。（3）语义转折处，尤其在段首处的语义转折处，常考。（4）因果句常考。因果句也可以表现出作者的目的、观点或文章的主题。三个错误选项特点： （1）以偏概全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。（2）过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节（3）把观点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。 （4）无关信息。即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。
如何获取篇章的主旨和大意？ 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。因此，理解一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：
主题句在篇首主题句在篇末无主题句（找主题词）
( )24. What's the main idea f Paragraph 3?A. Wind energy als has sme disadvantages.B. Wind can't prvide energy withut stpping.C. The blades f wind turbines can be very dangerus.D. The turbines cause nise pllutin while wrking.
…Hwever, each cin has tw sides. That is t say wind energy des have sme disadvantages. Wind des nt prvide supply f energy withut stpping. Even the windiest places n earth have perids f calm. If there isn’t a strng wind, wind turbines are nt able t prduce electricity. The large blades f wind turbines can be very dangerus fr birds and bats. The turbines cause nise pllutin. It can als be bad t peple living arund.…
2023年 兰州中考真题C篇
2.定位原文（读首尾句，寻找该段落的主题句）
然而，每个硬币都有两面。（事情都有两面性）也就是说风能也有它的缺点。（后面展开论述风能的缺点）
（4）What's the best title fr the passage？ A.Marathn：Nt Just a RaceB.Marathn：Rutes and RulesC.Marathn：Histry and ThemesD.Marathn：A Race fr Everyne
最后一段 A marathn is quite a jurney fr runners t enjy the run，challenge themselves and experience the culture. There is s much mre behind the race fr us t explre.
2.快速阅读全文，寻找主题句、段（读后可知主题段为最后一段）
马拉松是一段享受跑步，挑战自己和享受文化的旅程。在这场竞赛的背后，还有更多值得我们去探索。
结合上文，可知文章标题应为"马拉松：不仅仅是一场比赛"。
实战演练附在讲义中，请同学们按时完成！
重庆B篇 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C重庆D篇 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C山东枣庄A 11. C 12. A 13. D吉林B篇 24.-28 A、A、C、D、B浙江宁波C篇 23-26． B D B A兰州中考C 21-25 . D C A A B浙江温州B篇 CABA
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B