高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries教课内容ppt课件

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries教课内容ppt课件，共22页。
本单元重点语法 → it用法知多少
a. It’s exactly ne mnth since the last reprted case.（教材 P38）b. But it is vital nt t take any chances.(教材 P38)c. When I saw the tragic scenes n the news I felt it was my duty as adctr t g there and ffer my help. (教材 P38)d. It is imprtant t remember that Ebla desn’t respect natinalbundaries. (教材 P38)e. It is s inspiring t have clleagues like Wiltn, Maisy and Alfns, nt t mentin all the thers I have wrked with. (教材 P39)f. It was what the sldiers had died fr. (教材 P44)g. Nw it was up t the living t remve nt nly the divisins betweenNrth and Suth, but the bundaries between… (教材 P44)
● it作人称代词
※ it代替前面 (或后面) 的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物, 请观察以下句子
a. Yu cannt eat yur cake but have it. b. Althugh we can't see it. there is air all arund us.c. Althugh the mn is far away frm us, we can see it.
※ it代替有生命的但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西 (包括某些集合名词、个体名词), 请观察下句子
a. Our class is a big ne. We all lve it very much. b. The baby cried because it was hungry.
※ it在某些习惯说法中，还可以代替人， 请观察以下句子
● it作无人称代词: it作无人称代词时，用来指时间、天气、度量、价值、路程、距离或模糊地指一般情形，请观察以下句子
a. -- Wh are singing? -- It's the children. b. – Wh is kncking at the dr? -- It’s me.
a. It is nn.b. It's a half hur's walk t the factry. c. It is a lng way.d. It is very ht tday.e. It is bad.
● it作指示代词: it作指示代词,起 this, that的作用,请观察以下句子
a. -- What's that? -- It's a bk. b. – What’s this? -- It’s a dictinary.
a. It's (high) time that Rbert went t schl. = It's (high) time that Rbert shuld g t schl. b. It is time that class was ver. = It is time that class shuld be verc. It is time that we went hme.= It is time that we shuld g hme.
● It + be + (high) time + that从句，表示“是 的时候了” 从句中的谓语动词常用过去式或 shuld +动词原形，请观察以下句子
● It + be + the first/secnd (序数词) + time + that从句，表示 “这是第一/第二次/第….次 做，从句中的动词常用现在完成式或过去完成式， 如果 be动词是 is, 从句谓语用现在完成时；如果 be动词是 was，从句谓语用过去完成时，请观察以下句子
a. -- D yu knw ur twn at all? -- N, it is the first time I have been here. b. Is it the third time that yu have visited Hng Kng? c. It was the third time that he had dne the same mistake.
● It + be + 动词过去分词 + that从句, 常用的这类句型有：
It be said that…据说… It be annunced that…宣布说… It be tld that….据说… It be expected that….（人们）希望….
It be reprted that….据报道…. It be believed that….相信…. It be knwn that….众所周知… It be thught that….认为….等，请观察以下句子
a. It is said that the meeting will be put ff till next Friday.b. It is knwn that nthing is difficult if yu put yur heart int it. c. It is reprted that he has gt the first place in the game.
※ 温馨告知：如果这个句型中的谓语动词是表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如：desire (渴望)、suggest/advise/recmmend/prpse (建议)、request/require/demand/insist/urge (要求)、rder/cmmand (命令) 等词时, 从句谓语动词常用 (shuld) + 动词原形, 请观察以下句子
a. It is suggested that we (shuld) hld ameeting next week. b. It is desired that we (shuld) get everything ready. c. It is rdered that I leave nw.
● It + 一些不及物动词 + that引导的从句, 此句型可转化为不定式结构，这些结构常见有：
It seems that….= …appears t d….好像….仿佛….It appears that… = …appears t d….似乎是….It happens/happened that….= …happens/happened t d…… 碰巧
a. It seems that he is lying. b. It appears that he will win the prize. c. It happened that I knew which rm she lived in.
● It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that/wh + 原句其他部分, 用于强调说话人的意愿，请观察以下句子
a. It was n Mnday night that all this happened. b. It's me that he blamed.
● It is/has been + 时间段 + since引导的从句，请观察以下句子
a. -- What was the party like? -- Wnderful. It's years since I enjyed myself s much. b. It is/has been a week since the ld man died. c. It has been/is three days since he came here.
● It wn‘t be years + befre引导的从句，表示 “没过多久就….”. 句型中 years 可用 mnths, weeks, lng. minutes, hurs等表示时间段的词来替换，请观察以下句子
a. It wn't be weeks befre I g t Shanghai. b. It will nt be lng befre they understand each ther.
※ 轻轻告诉你：这个句型的肯定式为: “It will be + 时间段 + befre…..” 表示 “过...就”, 请观察以下句子
a. It will be hurs befre he arrives at bus statin.b. It will be several days befre yur mther cmes.c. It will be five years befre the prject is finished.
◆ it的用法比较: 请仔细观察以下分组句子
a. ① It was fur years since I had left the schl. 这里，句中since引导的是时的状语，不能用 that代替 ② It was fur years that the war lasted. 这里是强调句型，it在强调句中为引导词，后面用 that
b. ① Was it 1949 when ur hmetwn was liberated? 这里，句中 it指时间，when在从句中作状语，不能用 that代替 ② Was it in 1949 that ur hmetwn was liberated? 这里是强调句型，it为强调句型中的引导词c. ① It is (abut, high) time that yu clsed yur stre. 这里，“It + be + time + that从句” 为固定句型，that 从句谓语用虚拟语气 ② It is the first time that I have been t the Great Wall.这里，"It + be +序数词 + time + that 从句” 是固定句型d. ①It is a pity that Smith has lst the game. 这里，it 做形式主语 ②It is Smith that has lst the game. 这里是强调句型，it 为强调句型的引导词
◆ it作形式主语和形式宾语
● it 作形式主语：it作形式主语时,真正的主语是后面的不定式,动名词或从句，请观察以下句子
a. It's imprtant t keep fit. b. It's nice talking t yu. c. It's true that he may fall behind the ther students.
※ it做形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式, 其机构为：It + be + 形容词 + fr/f sb. t d sth. ①若要说明动词不定式的动作是由谁做的时候，后接 fr sb. 能用于这个句型的形容词有：difficult (困难的)；hard (艰难的)；easy (容易的) ；pssible (可能的)； necessary (必要的) ；imprtant (重要的) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It is impssible fr s few wrkers t d s much wrk in a single day. b. It is difficult fr the children t finish the prject in a shrt time.
②若要说明动词不定式的逻辑主语 (人) 的性质，品行，性 格, 特性时，后接 f sb. 常用于这个句型的形容词有：nice (好的)； kind (和蔼的)； wise (聪明的)； clever (机灵的) ；bright (聪明的); flish (愚蠢的)； stupid (愚蠢的) ；silly (愚蠢的) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It was flish f her t waste mney n such clthes. b. It is very kind f her t help the ld man g hme.
※ it作形式主语，动词 -ing 作真正的主语, 其结构为： It + be + n + 名词 + 动词 -ing，常用于这个句型的名词有use (用处) ；gd (好处) ；wrth (价值)，请观察以下句子
a. It's n use trying t repair the ship. These hles are much t big.b. It is n gd ding s every day.
※ it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句, 请欣赏以下两个结构① It + be +形容词 + that引导的从句；如果形容词是 pssible (可能的) ; necessary (重要的) ; imprtant (重要的); lucky (幸运的) ; strange (奇怪的) ；gd (好的)； interesting (有趣的)；glad (高兴的) 等词时，从句中的谓语动词常用 (shuld) + 动词原形， 请观察以下句子
a. It is necessary that the yung (shuld) learn t use the cmputer. b. It is strange that he (shuld) take exercise at night every day.
② It + be + 名词词组 + that 引导的从句，用于此句型中的名词词组常见的有: a shame (羞愧的)； n wnder (不足为奇)；a pity (遗憾)；a surprise (惊奇)；a fact(事实)；a pleasure (愉快) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It is a fact that English is accepted as an internatinal language.b. It is a pity that yu didn’t attend his wedding.
● it作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式、动名词和宾语从句, 构成 “主语 +谓语动词 + it...” 结构, 常用于这种句型中的谓语动词有: feel (觉得)；think (认为)； cnsider (认为)； find (发现)；make (使成为)；suppse (猜想) 等，请观察以下句子
a. He fund it difficult t finish the wrk in s shrt time.b. She thught it n use telling him abut that. c. They think it necessary that we g there at nce.
◆ it 与ne的区别
● it指特定的事物，ne指不定的事物, 请观察以下句子
a. -- D yu have a car? -- Yes, I have ne. I have a gd ne.b. My father bught a car and gave it t me. c. -- D yu want a pen? -- Yes, I want ne.d. -- D yu want the pen? -- Yes, I want it.
● 表示某一事物属于 “某一类”时用 ne，不用 it. 此时 ne丧失了明显的数的概念,而具有较抽象的含义,表示 “一个“, 请观察以下句子
a. The task is ne f great imprtance. b. He is ne wh never trubles abut his persnal interests.
● 指代同一事物用 it, 代指同名称的不同事物用 the ne, this/that ne等, 请观察以下句子
a. -- Is this car yurs? -- N, it is my brther's. Mine is the ne ver there.b. -- Is that schlbag yur brther’s? -- N, it is mine. That ne is his.
● ne只能代替可数名词，不能代替不可数名词，请观察以下句子
a. This tea is better than that. b. The bks in this rm are mre imprtant than the nes in that ne.
◆考点训练：从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
1. Hw wuld yu like _______ if yu were watching yur favrite TV prgram and smene came int the rm and just shut it ff withutasking yu?A. Them B. ne C. thse D. it
2. An average f just 18.75 cm. f rain fell last year, making _________The driest year since Califrnia became a state in 1850.A. each B. it C. this D. ne3. The emplyment rate has cntinued t rise in big cities thanks t the effrts f the lcal gvernments t increase __________A. then B. thse C. it D. that4. ______ felt funny watching myself n TV.A. One B. This C. It D. That5. _______ ur new headmaster is a dctr wh lately graduated frm a university abrad. A. It is said that B. They all said that C. That is annunced that D. It was reprted 6. It is wrng _________ treat yur mther like that. A. that yu t B. f yu t C. fr yu t D. because yu
7. It is abut tw mnths _________ Jane leaves schl. She is ging t be a teacher.A. when B. befre C. since D. that 8. Is ________ necessary t cmplete the design befre Natinal Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 9. I dn't think _______ pssible t master a freign language withut much memry wrk.A. this B. that C. he D. it 10. Des __________ matter if he can't finish the jb n time? A. this B. that C. he D. it 11. Tm's mther kept telling him that he shuld wrk harder, but ____ didn't help. A. he B. which C. she D. it
12. I was disappinted with the film. I had expected ______ t be much better. A. that B. this C. ne D. it13. I hate _______ when peple talk with their muths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them 14. __________ that yu missed such a fine film? A. Hw it was B. Hw was it C. Was it hw D. Hw did it