高中英语2025届高考语法知识讲解系列（倒装句+动词不定式）

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法知识讲解系列（倒装句+动词不定式），共4页。学案主要包含了倒装句，动词不定式等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（一）完全倒装句
1.there be
在这种句型中，there置于句首没有具体的意义，be是谓语动词，be 后面是主语，be动词的单复数形式要于后面的主语保持一致。There is nt much furniture in the rm.
除了be 动词外，还有stand （lie，exist，live，remain，appear，seem，happen，cme，enter）等动词也可以用于这种句型。
1）here stands a temple n the tp f the hill.
2）Once there lived an ld fisherman n the lnely island.
3）There seems (t be) smething wrng with the engine.
4）At the ft f the muntain there lies a beautiful lake.
2.在以here, there, ut, in, away, ff, up, dwn, nw, then等副词开头的句子中，当谓语动词是不及物动词时，通常把谓语动词放在主语前面，构成完全倒装。（但是主语是代词时，即使这些副词位于句首，谓语动词也不需要倒装。）
1)Here cmes the bus.(The bus is cming.)
2)There ges the bell.(The bell is ringing.
3)As sn as the dr pened, ut rushed the students.
4)Nw is yur turn.
5)Up jumped the bys with jy at the news that their team wn.
6)Here we are.
7)Away they went in a hurry.
8)Off he fell the ladder, having his left arm brken.
3.有时为了强调， 把表语或状语放在句首，这时当句子的谓语动词是不及物动词时，通常把谓语动词放在主语前面，构成完全倒装。
1)Near the factry is a heavily plluted river.
2)On the grund lay an ld gat, which had cme int the cave t die.
3)They came t a farmhuse, in frnt f which sat a little by.
4)On the frnt wall hangs a map f China .
（二）部分倒装结构
1.一些表示否定意义的副词(never, hardly, seldm, little, neither, nr, nwhere)放在句首时，句子的谓语动词通常要部分倒装，即把助动词放在主语的前面。
1）Little des he care abut his clthes.
2）Never will I frget the days that I spent in the cuntry.
3）Hardly can I understand what he wrte in his letter.
4）Seldm have I gne t the cinema these days.
5）Neither culd thery d withut practice, nr culd practice d withut thery.
6）My brther desn’t like maths, and nr d I.
7）I have searched all the places I can think f fr my watch, but nwhere can I find it.
2.在 nt nly…but （als）…, hardly…when…（刚……就……）， 句型中，含有否定词的部分，其谓语动词通常也要部分倒装。
1）Nt nly is he gd at English, but he als is gd at maths.
2）Nt nly can trees prvide us with fresh air, but they als prvide us with wd.
3）Hardly had I gt hme when it began t rain.
4）Hardly had I reached the railway statin when the train began t mve.
3.nt until…放在句首时， 谓语动词的倒装有两种不同的情况。
Until如果是用作介词，则句子的谓语动词部分倒装。
1)Nt until then did I understand what he meant.
2)Nt until yesterday did I knw yu wuld cme.
Until 是连词，则主句的谓语动词要部分倒装
1）Nt until his mther came back did the by g t bed.
2）Nt until yu mentined yur name did I recgnize yu.
4.nly 放在句首时，谓语动词的倒装也有两种情况。
如果nly 修饰的是副词或介词短语，则句子的谓语动词要部分倒装。
1)Only in China can yu find pandas.
2)Only then will yu understand why I’ m s strict with yu nw.
如果nly修饰的是一个状语从句，则主句的谓语动词要部分倒装。
1)Only when the war was ver in 1918 was Einstain able t get happily back t wrk.
5.s 用于 肯定句中， 放在句首， 表示“……也是这样”的意思时，句子的谓语动词要部分倒装。
1)Li Ming has finished his exercise, and s have I.
2)Jack wrks very hard, and s des Tm.
如果s表示“的确如此”， “确实这样”的意思时，即用来表示同意或肯定某种说法，或用来表示强调，或用来单纯重复上文的意思，则其谓语动词不须倒装。
3)---She is a very gd student.---S she is.
He asked me t help him and s I did.
6.当表示频率的副词及短语（如ften, always, nce, nw and then等）， 和表示程度的副词(如：s, such, thus等) 放在句首时，谓语动词要部分倒装。
1)Once a mnth will I g t see my grandparents.
2)Often have I seen the ld man walk with his grandsn.
3)Always did he get up early and water the flwers in the garden.
4)S ludly did he speak that even the peple at the back f the hall culd hear him clearly.
5)Such a wise and inspiring leader was Albert Lincln that all the American peple lved him deeply.
6)Nw and then did he cme t schl late thugh he had been blamed fr many times.
二、动词不定式
（一）不定式结构作主语
T see ne time is better than t hear a hundred times.
T persevere means victry!
注①：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：
It’s a great pleasure t be here.
It is nt an easy thing t master a language.
注②：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：
It tk us five hurs t get there.
It made us very angry t hear him talk like that.
注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ fr + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is nt hard fr ne t d a bit f gd.
It was difficult fr me t d the wrk.
注④：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上 “f + 名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：
It’s kind f yu t think s much f us.
It’s very nice f yu t be s cnsiderate.
It’s unwise f them t turn dwn the prpsal.
It was careless f her t make such a mistake.
（二）不定式结构作表语
1.主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：
T be kind t the enemy is t be cruel t the peple.
T d that wuld be t cut the ft t fit the she.
2.主语是以aim, duty, hpe, idea, intentin, mistake, plan, prpsal, jb, suggestin 等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：
My idea is t climb the muntain frm the nrth.
Yur mistake was nt t write that letter.
My suggestin is t start wrk at nce.
What I wuld suggest is t start wrk at nce.
注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词d 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “t”，如：
All we have t d is push the buttn.
The nly thing I can d nw is g n by myself.
All I culd d was send him a telegram.
（三）不定式结构作动词宾语
1.“动词 + 带 t 的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有：affrd, agree, arrange, ask, chse, decide, demand, desire, expect, hpe, learn, manage, ffer, pretend, prmise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, cntinue, try, start, frget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如：
I’ve arranged t meet him at ten ’clck.
I didn’t expect t find yu here.
2.“动词 + 疑问词 + 带 t 的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell, advise, shw, teach, find ut, decide, discuss, learn, frget, inquire, knw, explain, remember, see, understand, wnder 等。
疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what, where, wh(m), when, hw, whether, which（why 除外），如：
I dn’t knw what t d / where t g / wh(m) t ask / when t stp / hw t get there.
I haven’t decided whether t sell it r nt.
We must find ut what t d next / where t put it.
注① ：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：
I find it difficult t understand him.
We thught it wrng nt t help her.
They fund it impssible t get everything ready in time.
注② ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或 but (=except) 的结构中才能这样用，例如：
He seldm cmes except t lk at my pictures.
The child did nthing except weep.
She can d anything but sing.
He will d anything fr yu except lend yu mney.
They culd d nthing but wait fr the dctrs t arrive.
注意不定式符号的省略问题！
（四）不定式结构作定语
1.不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：
It’s time t g t bed.
He is nt a man t bw befre difficulties.
Have yu anything t declare?
She usually has a lt f meetings t attend in the evening.
I want t get smething t read during the vcatin.
2.能带不定式结构作宾语的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：
I dn’t wish t quarrel with yu.
→I have n wish t quarrel with yu.
They will attempt t crss the river tnight.
→ They will make anther attempt t crss the river tnight.
She prmised nt t d that again.
→ She made a prmise nt t d that again.
3.某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：
He was bviusly anxius t g.
→ His anxiety t g was bvius.
4.不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：
He has a large family t supprt (= that he must supprt).
注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：
She has a lt f things t attend t.
The nurse has five children t lk after.
Let’s first find a rm t put the things in.
5.有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式之前加上fr + 名词词组，如：
Here’s a bk fr yu t read.
He gave rders fr the visitrs t be shwn in.