中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）专题34 环境保护同步练习（含答案）

这是一份中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）专题34 环境保护同步练习（含答案），共16页。试卷主要包含了B．14等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题34 环境保护
（2022·四川资阳·统考中考真题）
In March, 2020, 16 wild Asian elephants began travelling acrss Yunnan in their wn special “tur grup”. They travelled mre than 500 km and tw baby elephants were brn alng the way. At last, 14 elephants returned hme safely in December, 2021. Already famus at hme, these elephants als became “internatinal stars”.
Sme internatinal media(媒体) fllwed the elephants’ tur frm their hme in Xishuangbanna t ther parts f Yunnan. Sme peple described them as “smart” and “adventurus (冒险的)”. Scial media like Twitter and YuTube were full f vides f the elephants. One vide abut the elephants sleeping tgether gt nearly 300,000 views and 12,000 likes n Twitter.
On the elephants’ tur, peple treated them with care. Peple didn’t get clse t them, hurt them r drive them away. The wrld saw China’s wrk t prtect the wild elephants. And the attentin t the wild elephants will encurage mre peple t get alng well with animals.
1．Hw many elephants returned hme safely?
A．2.B．14.C．16.D．18.
2．What d we knw abut the elephants?
A．They are 21 mnths ld.B．They ran away frm a z.
C．They are nly famus in China.D．They have travelled ver 500 km.
3．Hw did sme peple describe the elephants?
A．Clever.B．Weak.C．Strange.D．Friendly.
4．What shuld peple d accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Drive wild animals away.B．Get alng well with animals.
C．Watch vides abut wild animals.D．Pay n attentin t wild animals.
（2022·山东淄博·统考中考真题）Lts f kids have been trying t find ways t help save the Earth. Sme f them are encuraged by the “30 by 30” plan: Fifty cuntries have prmised t prtect 30% f Earth’s land and waters by 2030.
One f the kids is 11-year-ld Beckett frm Gergetwn, Texas. He wants t help prtect endangered species (物种). In 2019, he began wrking with Rainfrest Trust. “I was really interested in trying t stp climate (气候) change,” he said.
With the help f his schlmates, Beckett has started a grup called Prtectin f Earth. The grup rganized a lcal Run and raised mre than $700. The mney helped t save mre than 1,000 acres (英亩) f rainfrest land. When the COVID-19 came, Beckett put tgether an nline activity called Trivia: Peple culd test their knwledge f birds, endangered species, and climate change. That raised $600 fr rainfrest land.
In Ls Angeles, Califrnia, 10-year-ld Justin is wrried abut frgs. Justin calls them “magical, because they cme in different clrs.” Last year he jined Rainfrest Trust t help Ecuadr’s rainfrest and its frgs. He appeared n lcal TV news, and many peple learned abut what he had dne. That helped him raise $2,000 t save almst three acres f Clud Frest.
Justin hpes he can encurage ther peple t understand why frgs are s cl. “Frgs are telling us the planet needs help,” he said. “If frgs are dying wherever yu are, that’s bad because it means the water yu are drinking is plluted.”
5．Hw many kids are mentined in the passage?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
6．What grup did Beckett set up?
A．Rainfrest Trust.B．Prtectin f Earth.C．Magical Frgs.D．Ecuadr’s Clud Frest.
7．Hw did Beckett raise mney during the COVID-19?
A．By rganizing a lcal Run.B．By speaking n lcal TV news.
C．By starting Trivia nline.D．By wrking fr rainfrest land.
8．The underlined wrd “him” in Paragraph 4 refers t (指代) ________.
A．BeckettB．JustinC．Beckett’s schlmateD．Justin’s brther
9．What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Prtecting frgs means prtecting urselves.B．Peple put great interest in climate change.
C．Tw kids raised mney fr COVID-19.D．The water yu are drinking is plluted.
（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）
Can yu imagine a wrld withut insects? Withut ants r flies in yur huse, it might sund great. Hwever, the results may be ut f imaginatin.
The number f insects has drpped by half in the past few years, accrding t a British bilgist Dave Culsn. Yu may think small insects are nt imprtant. But in fact they are the main part f the species(物种)n Earth.
Insects are indeed n the way t extinctin, accrding t the first review f insect ppulatin. The researchers say the main reasn fr this is the use f pesticides(杀虫剂)because they destry insects’ living areas. Als, weather change is anther imprtant cause.
“Unless we change ur ways f prducing fd, insects will g dwn the way t extinctin in a few years,” the researchers wrte in the review. “This will have huge influences n the planet’s ecsystem(生态系统).”
We need insects t pllinate(授粉)crps. They als break dwn(分解)dead plants and animals, which can keep the sil healthy. Withut insects, many animals wuld have nthing t eat and die f hunger. Then, the ecsystem wuld be ff balance.
“If the number f insect species keep drpping, this will have bad influences n bth Earth’s ecsystem and the survival f us humans,” said ne f the writers f the review.
“The first step t stp this is t let mre peple understand the values f the natural wrld,” he suggests. “The best place t start is frm ur children, wh shuld realize envirnmental prtectin frm an early age.”
10．The underlined wrd “extinctin” means “________”.
A．pllutinB．deathC．harmD．prtectin
11．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ________.
A．the reasn fr prducing fdB．the prblem f animals and plants
C．the way t keep sil healthyD．the imprtance f insects
12．Frm the passage, we can knw ________.
A．insects may destry the balance f the ecsystem
B．ants and flies are the main part f the species n Earth
C．humans’ actins influence the number f insects
D．weather change has little influence n insects
（2022·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）Snw frests make up abut 30% f the wrld’s ttal frest areas. These wnderful wdlands are nt as famus as the Amazn rainfrests but they are just as imprtant.
Snw frests are fund in the far nrth f the wrld, in areas that are quite cld and usually have a lt f snwfall. They lie acrss parts f Canada, China, Finland, Japan, Nrway, Russia, Sweden and the US. Snw frests have very cld winters that can last up t six mnths. But even s, they are hme t many kinds f animals, including fxes, mice and wlves. In the US and Canada, as many as five billin birds frm mre than 300 species live in the frests in the breeding (繁殖) seasn.
These wdlands perfrm an imprtant jb: helping t take in harmful gases. The gases are given ff by burning cal, il and gas, which can cause climate change. Hwever, snw frests are facing several prblems. Trees are being cut dwn faster and faster fr their wd, which can be used fr building. Sme frests are being cleared t make space fr new rads and huses, r t allw cal and gas industries t grw. What’s wrse, as the wrld gets warmer, Canada and Russia have seen terrible fires spread thrugh the frests.
Luckily, envirnmental and wildlife grups arund the wrld are wrking hard t prtect snw frests. This means that cutting dwn trees is cntrlled in sme areas and the frests are seen as areas f special scientific interest. When wd is needed, replanting plans and careful frest management help t reduce the human influence s that the frests are managed in a way that they can survive and regrw.
13．Where are snw frests mainly fund?
A．In Suth America.B．In the nrth f the earth.
C．In the UK and Canada.D．In the suth f the earth.
14．What d we knw abut snw frests frm this passage?
A．They need a lng time t grw up.
B．They are famus just like rainfrests.
C．They prduce best wd fr building.
D．They are imprtant t many animals and birds.
15．What mainly causes snw frests t be in danger?
A．Heavy snwfall.B．Air pllutin.
C．Human activities.D．Animals’ waste.
16．What’s the purpse f this passage?
A．T call n us t prtect snw frests.B．T invite peple t visit snw frests.
C．T cmpare rainfrests t snw frests.D．T describe the wildlife in snw frests.
17．What des the writer think f snw frests’ future?
A．Hpeful.B．Awful.C．Dubtful.D．Wnderful.
（2022·山东烟台·统考中考真题）The music band Cldplay is taking actins t prtect the envirnment. This includes using their fans’ energy t help prvide electricity fr their perfrmances. In this way, they use electricity withut adding carbn gases (碳气体) t the air. The band hpes t cut the amunt f CO2 given ut by its business activities by 50 percent.
The Cldplay stars have added special dance flrs and energy-string bicycles t their latest wrld tur perfrmance. The purpse is t get fans t help prduce electricity by dancing and riding. Each dance flr can supprt many peple. It creates electricity when peple mve n it. Each f the bikes can create an average f 200 watts (瓦特) f electricity. In rder t encurage fans t dance r ride mre during the perfrmance, they even have cmpetitins t find ut which grup f fans can create the mst electricity.
“Being green is a gd business mdel. That’s what we’d like t shw,” said Cldplay lead singer Chris Martin. “The changes will bring a sense f belnging t the fans. Everything in ur shw is planned t bring everyne int the same grup, singing tgether. It makes us feel part f a cmmunity.”
Cldplay has taken ther steps t prtect the envirnment. One f its tur stages (舞台) uses recycled steel. The band als hpes t set up the wrld’s first tur battery (电池) system, made frm 40 recycled electric car batteries. The hpe is t pwer the whle shw with batteries.
“It’s very expensive t try these things fr the first time,” said Martin, “but we are very happy that we are changing.”
Cldplay is just ne music grup wrking t help the envirnment. Sme ther famus bands are als taking such steps.
18．What des Cldplay use their fans’ energy t d?
A．T create 200 watts f electricity.B．T prvide pwer fr their shws.
C．T cut their business activities by 50%.D．T make their perfrmances wnderful.
19．What des the underlined wrd “It” in the secnd paragraph refer t (指代)?
A．The flr.B．The band.C．The stage.D．The bicycle.
20．Hw des Cldplay encurage fans t dance and ride mre?
A．By helping them t buy bicycles.B．By living in the same cmmunity.
C．By traveling arund the wrld with them.D．By having electricity-creating cmpetitins.
21．Which ways are intrduced t prtect the envirnment in the passage?
①Riding energy-string bicycles. ②Driving r taking electric cars.
③Recycling electric car batteries. ④Building stages with recycled steel.
A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④
（2022·贵州六盘水·统考中考真题）The Amazn rainfrest in Suth America, at seven millin k㎡, is the largest rainfrest in the wrld. The frest is imprtant fr peple all ver the wrld, because it prduces a lt f xygen, and als helps t cl the weather. But large areas f the rainfrest are being cut dwn fr wd—55% f the frest culd be gne by 2030! The Wrld Wildlife Federatin is helping t stp sme areas f the rainfrest frm being cut dwn.
At 68,000 k㎡, the Aral Sea was ne f the largest lakes in the wrld befre the 1960s. Then rivers were diverted (改道) and it has been getting smaller ever since. By 2007, it was nly 10% f its riginal size and had split int three separate lakes. There are cnstant dust strms and the villages sit n the edge f a vast desert with large ships stranded (搁浅) in its sand. Adam (水坝) had been built t try t restre higher water levels in the Nrth.
In China, abut 3,600 2k㎡f grassland near the Gbi turns int desert every year. There are ften strms that blw dust all the way t Beijing. The strms are getting wrse each year and have a deep impact n farmers. The gal f the Green Wall Prject, started in 1978, is t increase frests in nrthern China frm 5% t 15% in rder t stp the desert frm grwing. The prject faces many challenges. Hwever, peple must never give up n it.
22．What’s the size f the Amazn rainfrest?
A．3,600 k㎡.B．68,000 k㎡.C．7,000,000 k㎡.
23．Why did Aral Sea get smaller?
A．The rivers were diverted.
B．The large ships were stranded in its sand.
C．Large areas f the rainfrest were cut dwn.
24．What did the gvernment d t stp the desert frm grwing in China?
A．Building a dam.
B．Setting up the Green Wall Prject.
C．Asking Wrld Wildlife Federatin fr help.
25．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Weather.B．Frest.C．Envirnment.
（2022·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）Wuld yu try fd made f rubbish? When wrld leaders gt tgether at the UN fr a meeting n climate(气候) change, they had a special lunch. The fd was made frm smething that mst f us wuld thrw away. There was a salad made f vegetable scraps(剩菜叶). The leaders als had hamburgers made f fruit left ver frm juicing.
The UN said this reminded peple abut fd waste and the bad influence it has n climate change. “Fd waste is nt ften nticed in climate change, and that is shameful when s many peple are in hunger.” said a gvernment secretary.
Mst peple dn’t even realize hw much fd they thrw away every day. Smetimes they ck t much r they dn’t use it in time. Every year mre than ne-third f all fd prduced wrldwide ges t waste, accrding t the UN. Stp the waste, and the whle wrld culd save $300 billin frm wasted fd. Mre imprtantly, it culd als d less harm t the envirnment.
Think abut a bag f cheese(奶酪). Befre we buy it at the stre, peple have t raise the cws, deal with the milk, and drive t the shp t sell the cheese. If yu thrw the cheese away, yu have wasted energy, fuel(燃料) and water, which give ut greenhuse gases that add t glbal warming.
The UN said if we stp thrwing gd fd away, we culd cut dwn up t 17 millin tns f CO₂. The gd f that wuld be the same as taking ne in every fur cars ff the rad.
26．Why did the writer think the lunch was special?
A．Because the vegetables were made int juice.
B．Because the leaders had a salad and hamburgers.
C．Because fd was cked frm smething thrwn away.
D．Because the lunch was prepared with different fresh fruits.
27．What des fd waste influence at last?
A．Fuel.B．Cars.C．Cws.D．Climate.
28．What can yu infer(推断) frm the text?
A．Even small actins can help make ur wrld better.
B．We shuld buy a bag f cheese frm the supermarket.
C．Mst peple have already paid attentin t fd waste.
D．Saving fd is mre imprtant than driving cars less ften.
29．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the text?
A．Cheese—Healthy fr pepleB．A meeting—Traditinal at the UN
C．Fd waste—Bad fr the envirnmentD．Greenhuse gases—Dangerus t the Earth
（2022·河北石家庄·校考一模）The mdern wrld runs n energy. Hwever, in the past human sciety used very little energy like wind, water and fire culd prvide. There are many different ways t create energy, but sme ways are harmful t the envirnment.
Fssil fuels (化石燃料) are the mst cmmn kind f energy. They include cal, il, and natural gas. First, peple have t dig them frm the grund. This can smetimes harm the envirnment. Hwever, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways t d that these days. S the envirnment is nt harmed as much as befre. But when peple burn these fssil fuels, they can give ff a lt f harmful gases, which is cnsidered t be ne f the greatest causes f glbal warming. This might harm the envirnment.
Tidal (潮汐) energy is anther way t make electricity. It uses the cean tides t make electricity. But sme kinds f tidal energy can kill many fishes and ther sea animals. Als dams can create lakes and lts f clean energy, but they change the way that rivers run. S they can d great harm t the balance f nature arund the lakes and alng the rivers.
Nuclear (核) energy is a very pwerful frm f energy. It is cheap and very clean. Hwever, many peple are afraid f it because there have been sme very serius accidents in the past which caused great harm bth t humans and nature. But the technlgy is much better these days. Many cuntries are starting t use nuclear energy mre.
We live in an age when it is pssible t use different kinds f energy. Whatever kind f energy we use, it shuld be gd fr peple and envirnment.
30．What d yu knw abut fssil fuels after reading the passage?
A．They are dug frm the grund.B．They are cnsidered expensive.
C．They hardly harm the envirnment.D．They are nt widely used in the wrld.
31．What prblem can tidal energy make?
A．It can cause serius accidents.B．It can change the way that rivers run.
C．It can give ff a lt f harmful gases.D．It can kill many living things in the river.
32．Why d many cuntries start t use nuclear energy mre?
A．It’s a cmmn kind f energy.B．Peple are nt afraid f it nw.
C．It’s cheap, clean and safer than befre.D．Peple can’t live withut nuclear energy.
33．What des the underlined wrd “dams” mean?
A．Walls which are built acrss river.B．Huses which are built acrss river.
C．Bridges which are built acrss river.D．Railways which are built acrss river.
34．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Serius Accidents in the PastB．Balance f Nature and Peple
C．Different Ways t Create EnergyD．Cleaner and Better Envirnment
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考二模）In December 2021, peple in Shenzhen fund that water ran mre slwly frm their taps. The gvernment said the city was facing its mst serius water shrtage ever.
Sme ther cities in the suthern part f China, are als becming “thirsty”. Cmpared with nrthern areas, suthern areas have mre rain and are clse t mre rivers and lakes. S why are they still shrt n water?
In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhu, ppulatins are grwing fast. As a result, peple and factries need mre and mre water. Each persn in Shenzhen has less than 200 cubic meters f water each year. It’s 1/12 f the cuntry’s average (平均水平). Accrding t the UN, it is an “abslute （完全的）water shrtage” when the number is belw 500 cubic meters.
Weather change is making the water prblem wrse. Fr example, mst cities in Guangdng depend n the Dngjiang River as their main surce (来源) f water. In 2021, the river was reprted t be drying up. Because f weather change, there’s als less snw in the muntains f Tibet. The snw has lng been the surce f water fr many areas in China. Thse muntains might prvide less water in the future.
There are ther reasns fr water shrtages. Fr example, water pllutin makes it harder t get clean drinking water. Factries and farms dn’t use water efficiently(有效地). Sme cities have enugh rainfall, but dn’t have big lakes r reservirs (水库) t stre water. The water just ges int the sea.
March 22 is Wrld Water Day. The theme this year is “grundwater ”. We can’t see grundwater. It’s under ur feet. But it plays an imprtant rle in ur lives. Abut 98 percent f Earth’s fresh water is grundwater. It is 60 times as plentiful (丰富的 ) as the fresh water in lakes and rivers. But in many places, peple veruse and pllute grundwater. We shuld pay mre attentin t this hidden water resurce.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
35．The underlined wrd “shrtage” in the passage means ________.
A．短小B．短缺C．短暂
36．The amunt f water each persn has in Shenzhen each year ________.
A．meets the UN’s standards
B．is higher than the cuntry’s average
C．shws that the city’s water prblem is serius
37．What ther reasns fr water shrtages mentined in the fifth paragraph?
①Water pllutin ②Weather change ③Lack the string place ④Ppulatins
A．①③B．②④C．①④
38．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Abut 60 percent f Earth’s fresh water is grundwater.
B．Water pllutin makes it easier t get clean drinking water.
C．Muntains in Tibet have less snw.
39．The passage is mainly abut ________.
A．water pllutinB．water shrtageC．Wrld Water Day
（2022·陕西西安·高新一中模拟预测）During the tw sessins（两会）, Lei Jun, a Chinese entrepreneur（企业家）, called fr mre e-waste recycling plans in China.
“China shuld set up different recycling plans t make full use f the huge number f unwanted smartphnes and cmputers t reduce the cuntry’s carbn dixide emissins（二氧化碳排放量）,” Lei tld CCTV News.
The wrld’s e-waste will reach 74.7 millin tns by 2030. That’s almst duble f what it has been in the past 16 years. This makes e-waste the wrld’s fastest-grwing waste. Hwever, in 2019, nly 17.4 percent f the wrld’s e-waste was cllected and recycled. This means many high-valued materials（材料）were mstly burned r thrwn away instead f being re-used. It nt nly wastes mney but als is harmful t the envirnment and peple’s health.
With the develpment f electrnics industry, e-waste pllutin has becme a serius prblem. Therefre, tech cmpanies are lking fr different ways t slve the prblem. Fr example, a US cmpany built a rbt called Daisy t take phnes apart. It can take 200 phnes apart within an hur. The phnes used t be cut up befre peple tk the useful materials ut. Nw with Daisy, valuable materials can be taken ut mre easily. A tech cmpany in Krea plans t use recycled materials in all f its new prducts by the year f 2025. It als plans t reduce e-waste by increasing prduct life cycles. A tech cmpany in China is setting up e-waste recycling teams s that peple can give away r sell their ld electrnic prducts mre easily.
40．Why did Lei Jun call fr mre e-waste recycling plans in China?
A．T remain prduct life cycles.B．T prduce mre smart phnes.
C．T give ff less carbn dixide.D．T take electrnic prducts apart easily.
41．What can we knw abut e-waste frm the third paragraph?
A．E-waste has dubled in the past 16 years.
B．Peple can get useful materials frm e-waste.
C．Half f the wrld’s e-waste was recycled in 2019.
D．Japan is the wrld’s largest prducer f e-waste.
42．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The future f wrld’s e-prducts.
B．Envirnmental pllutin caused by e-waste.
C．The reasns why e-waste shuld be dealt with.
D．The ways different cuntries chse t deal with e-waste.
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍云南北迁象群得到世界关注，闻名海内外。
1．细节理解题。根据“At last, 14 elephants returned hme safely in December, 2021.”可知，最终，14头大象在2021年12月安全回家。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“They travelled mre than 500 km and tw baby elephants were brn alng the way.”可知，它们走了500多公里，一路上出生了两只小象。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Sme peple described them as ‘smart’ and ‘adventurus (冒险的)’.”可知，大象聪明且有冒险精神。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“On the elephants’ tur, peple treated them with care. Peple didn’t get clse t them, hurt them r drive them away. The wrld saw China’s wrk t prtect the wild elephants. And the attentin t the wild elephants will encurage mre peple t get alng well with animals.”可知，在大象的旅行中，人们对它们很关心。人们没有接近它们，伤害它们或赶走它们。世界看到了中国保护野生大象的工作。对野生大象的关注将鼓励更多的人与动物和睦相处。由此可知，人们应该与动物相处融洽。故选B。
5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A
【导语】本文介绍很多儿童想尽办法帮助保护地球。
5．细节理解题。根据“One f the kids is 11-year-ld Beckett frm Gergetwn, Texas.”和“In Ls Angeles, Califrnia, 10-year-ld Justin is wrried abut frgs.”可知本文提到了两个孩子。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“With the help f his schlmates, Beckett has started a grup called Prtectin f Earth.”可知Beckett建立了一个叫做保护地球的组织。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“When the COVID-19 came, Beckett put tgether an nline activity called Trivia: Peple culd test their knwledge f birds, endangered species, and climate change.”可知新冠疫情期间，Beckett通过一个叫做Trivia的网上活动筹款。故选C。
8．词义推断题。根据“In Ls Angeles, Califrnia, 10-year-ld Justin is wrried abut appeared n lcal TV news, and many peple learned abut what he had dne.”可知him指代上一句中的男孩Justin。故选B。
9．主旨大意题。根据“If frgs are dying wherever yu are, that’s bad because it means the water yu are drinking is plluted.”可知如果没有青蛙，意味着你喝的水被污染了，因此保护青蛙，就是保护我们自己。故选A。
10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了在过去几年里，昆虫数量下降了一半以及昆虫的重要性。
10．词义猜测题。根据“The researchers say the main reasn fr this is the use f pesticides (杀虫剂) because they destry insects’ living areas. Als, weather change is anther imprtant cause.”（研究人员说，造成这种情况的主要原因是使用杀虫剂，因为它们会破坏昆虫的生活区域。此外，天气变化也是另一个重要原因。）可知杀虫剂和天气变化会导致昆虫死亡，所以extinctin和death意思相近，故选B。
11．段落大意题。根据“We need insects t pllinate (授粉) crps. They als break dwn (分解) dead plants and animals, which can keep the sil healthy. Withut insects, many animals wuld have nthing t eat and die f hunger. Then, the ecsystem wuld be ff balance.”（我们需要昆虫给庄稼授粉。它们还能分解死去的动植物，从而保持土壤健康。如果没有昆虫，许多动物将没有食物，饿死。然后，生态系统就会失衡。）可知本段说的是昆虫的重要性，故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据“The researchers say the main reasn fr this is the use f pesticides (杀虫剂) because they destry insects’ living areas”（研究人员说，造成这种情况的主要原因是使用杀虫剂，因为它们会破坏昆虫的生活区域）以及“The best place t start is frm ur children, wh shuld realize envirnmental prtectin frm an early age”（最好从我们的孩子开始，他们应该从小就认识到环境保护。）可推知人类的行为会影响昆虫的数量，故选C。
13．B 14．D 15．C 16．A 17．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍关于雪地的相关内容并号召人们保护雪林。
13．细节理解题。根据“Snw frests are fund in the far nrth f the wrld”可知，雪林在世界的最北部。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据“But even s, they are hme t many kinds f animals, including fxes, mice and wlves. In the US and Canada, as many as five billin birds frm mre than 300 species live in the frests in the breeding seasn.”可知，雪林是许多动物的家园，包括狐狸、老鼠和狼。在美国和加拿大，300多种鸟类中多达50亿只在繁殖期生活在森林里。由此推知，它们对许多动物和鸟类都很重要。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“Trees are being cut dwn faster and faster fr their wd, which can be used fr building. Sme frests are being cleared t make space fr new rads and huses, r t allw cal and gas industries t grw. What’s wrse, as the wrld gets warmer, Canada and Russia have seen terrible fires spread thrugh the frests.”可知，各种人类活动导致雪林处于危险之中，故选C。
16．主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍关于雪地的相关内容并号召人们保护雪林。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为雪林的未来的有希望的，故选A。
18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了酷玩乐队采用了哪些措施来保护环境的。
18．细节理解题。根据“The music band Cldplay is taking actins t prtect the envirnment. This includes using their fans’ energy t help prvide electricity fr their perfrmances.”可知，利用粉丝的能量为他们的表演提供电力。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据“Each dance flr can supprt many peple. It creates electricity when peple mve n it. ”可知，每个舞池可以容纳很多人。当人们在上面移动时，它就会发电，所以划线单词it指代的是“Each dance flr ”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“In rder t encurage fans t dance r ride mre during the perfrmance, they even have cmpetitins t find ut which grup f fans can create the mst electricity.”可知，为了鼓励粉丝们在表演期间多跳舞或骑自行车，他们甚至举行比赛，看哪一组粉丝能产生最大的电力。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据文中“The Cldplay stars have added special dance flrs and energy-string bicycles f its tur stages (舞台) uses recycled band als hpes t set up the wrld’s first tur battery (电池) system, made frm 40 recycled electric car batteries. ”可知，文中提到了骑储能自行车，回收电动汽车电池和用再生钢材建造舞台。故选C。
22．C 23．A 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以几个地方为例，介绍环境的现状，呼吁我们保护环境。
22．细节理解题。根据“The Amazn rainfrest in Suth America, at seven millin k㎡”可知，南美洲的亚马逊雨林有七百万平方千米，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Then rivers were diverted and it has been getting smaller ever since.”可知，河流改道，河道就越来越小了。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“The gal f the Green Wall Prject, started in 1978, is t increase frests in nrthern China frm 5% t 15% in rder t stp the desert frm grwing.”可知，始于1978年的“绿墙工程”的目标是将中国北方的森林数量从5%增加到15%，以阻止沙漠的生长。故选B。
25．主旨大意题。本文以几个地方为例，介绍环境的现状，呼吁我们保护环境。故选C。
26．C 27．D 28．A 29．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。
26．细节理解题。根据“The fd was made frm smething that mst f us wuld thrw away.”可知，这些食物是由我们大多数人会扔掉的东西制成的。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“If yu thrw the cheese away, yu have wasted energy, fuel and water, which give ut greenhuse gases that add t glbal warming.”可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪费了能源、燃料和水，释放出加剧全球变暖的温室气体。所以食物浪费最后会影响气候。故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，生活中我们煮的食物过多就会导致浪费，如果我们不浪费，除了减少食物浪费外，还可以减少对环境的伤害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮过多食物这样小的行为，也能让我们的世界变得更美好。故选A。
29．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。“食物浪费——对环境有害”符合主题。故选C。
30．A 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些人类现在使用的几种能源。
30．细节理解题。根据“Fssil fuels (化石燃料) are the mst cmmn kind f energy. They include cal, il, and natural gas. First, peple have t dig them frm the grund.”可知，化石燃料是最常见的能源，首先人们必须把它们从地下挖出来。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据“But sme kinds f tidal energy can kill many fishes and ther sea animals.”可知，某些种类的潮汐能可以杀死许多鱼类和其他海洋动物。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“It is cheap and very clean. Hwever, many peple are afraid f it because there have been sme very serius accidents in the past which caused great harm bth t humans and nature. But the technlgy is much better these days.”可知，核能比以前便宜、干净和安全。故选C。
33．词义猜测题。根据“Als dams can create lakes and lts f clean energy, but they change the way that rivers run.”可知，大坝可以创造湖泊和大量清洁能源，但它们改变了河流的流动方式。此处dams的意思是“大坝”，故选A。
34．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了一些人类现在使用的几种能源，选项C“创造能源的不同方法”符合主题，故选C。
35．B 36．C 37．A 38．C 39．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了水资源的短缺以及原因。
35．词义猜测题。根据“In December 2021, peple in Shenzhen fund that water ran mre slwly frm their taps. The gvernment said the city was facing its mst serius water shrtage ever.”可知深圳人发现水龙头出水速度较慢，因为该市正面临有史以来最严重的缺水问题，故划线部分意为“短缺”。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据“Each persn in Shenzhen has less than 200 cubic meters f water each year. It’s 1/12 f the cuntry’s average (平均水平). Accrding t the UN, it is an ‘abslute （完全的）water shrtage’ when the number is belw 500 cubic meters”可知深圳每人每年的水不足200立方米，当数量低于500立方米时，就属于“绝对缺水”，由此可知深圳的水资源短缺问题很严重。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“water pllutin makes it harder t get clean drinking water”以及“Sme cities have enugh rainfall, but dn’t have big lakes r reservirs (水库) t stre water”可知水污染使人们更难获得干净的饮用水，而且有些城市有足够的降雨量，但没有大湖或水库以储存水。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据“there’s als less snw in the muntains f Tibet”可知西藏山区的雪变少了。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了水资源的短缺以及原因。故选B。
40．C 41．B 42．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了两会期间，中国的企业家雷军呼吁在中国制定更多的电子垃圾回收计划，文中同时还说明了我国电子垃圾污染严重以及解决这一问题的措施和必要性。
40．细节理解题。根据“China shuld set up different recycling plans t make full use f the huge number f unwanted smartphnes and cmputers t reduce the cuntry’s carbn dixide emissins（二氧化碳排放量）”可知，是为了减少二氧化碳的排放，故选C。
41．推理判断题。根据“This means many high-valued materials（材料）were mstly burned r thrwn away instead f being re-used.”可知，人们可以从电子垃圾中获得有用的材料。故选B。
42．段落大意题。根据“Therefre, tech cmpanies are lking fr different ways t slve the prblem. US cmpany ... A tech cmpany in tech cmpany in ”可知，本段主要介绍了不同国家选择处理电子垃圾的方式。故选D。