外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond课后测评

这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond课后测评，共18页。
[共两节，满分50分]
第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2020 •辽宁本溪一模）NASA’s Jet Prpulsin（喷气推进）Labratry （JPL） attracted Marlyse Reeves frm an early age. Grwing up in Pasadena, Califrnia, in JPL’s backyard, Reeves develped a lve fr everything related t uter space, and the lab was a regular destinatin fr schl field trips. Even as a child, Reeves, nw as an MIT senir, knew she wanted t wrk in the space industry. Her lve f space was cultivated at hme, t. At MIT, Reeves quickly fund her place in the Department f Aernautics and Astrnautics（航空航天系）.
As a junir, Reeves was selected t participate in the Grdn-MIT Engineering Leadership Prgram. The prgram fcuses n leadership fr engineers—peple wh may have high technical IQs but wh may nt be gd at expressing themselves. Reeves hlds the pint that in industry, peple have t cmmunicate with ther engineers—t explain their ideas and fit int the rganizatinal structure.
In the secnd year f the prgram, students becme caches fr the new students, which means a team cach bserves and instructs the yunger grup. S Reeves thinks it’s really the secnd-year students wh are guiding the first-year students int hw they can imprve as leaders.
Reeves has been with Wmen in Aerspace Engineering（WAE）since its beginning in her sphmre year. The grup builds a cmmunity fr wmen in all aspects f aernautics. Last mnth, Reeves helped rganize the first WAE Day, an event fr 18 high schl girls in the Bstn area t cme t MIT t learn abut aerspace engineering. Reeves says events like these are especially imprtant fr expsing yung wmen t the pssibilities f the field.
Just as she says, “Being a persn wh has gne int the aerspace industry and has seen the lack f wmen, there are ften times when I am the nly female in the rm. I think it’s imprtant fr yung wmen and girls t have rle mdels, and just see that there are wmen ding it. I have met a lt f strng female rle mdels fr myself in lt f ur events are pen t men as well. We want t build a cmmunity f peple wh supprt wmen in aerspace.”
1. What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A. Reeves seldm visited JPL at an early age.
B. Reeves became interested in space frm childhd.
C. Reeves is nw a new student studying at MIT.
D. Reeves wuld like t study in the Department f Mathematics at MIT.
2. What is the aim f the Grdn-MIT Engineering Leadership Prgram?
A. It is aimed at develping engineers，leadership.
B. It fcuses n increasing students’ technical skills.
C. It tends t imprve students’ bservatin abilities.
D. It aims t train excellent engineers fr MIT in advance.
3. What is the attitude f Reeves twards wmen in the aerspace industry?
A. She thinks the industry is prejudiced against wmen.
B. She thinks wmen have a higher IQ than men in the field.
C. She believes having rle mdels has a psitive effect n wmen.
D. She feels it is difficult fr wmen t becme successful in the field.
B
（2020 •天津武清区一模）While astrnauts in space get t d many exciting things, they miss ut n rdinary things that we all take fr granted—being able t walk n firm grund, hanging ut with the family and digging int a slice f ht steaming pizza. Thugh nt much can be dne abut the first tw things, there may sn be a slutin t the third ne, thanks t this cl 3D pizza printer!
Abut a year ag, NASA ffered $125, 000 t Anjan Cntractr, a 3D technlgy expert, t build a device （设备） that wuld allw astrnauts t make pizza n demand. The mechanical engineer prmised that his inventin wuld prduce pies in large quantities that lked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in cmmn vens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a vide f his first prttype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice f dugh（面团）that is cked and printed at the same time. Then cmes the tmat “sauce”—a mix f tmat pwder, il and water and finally, a prtein slice that resembles cheese. While the vide desn’t shw the baking prcess, the inventr says that nce the pizza is printed, it can be ready t be cnsumed in 7 secnds.
While the pie in the vide lks delicius enugh t attract any pizza lver, Anjan Cntractr is far frm ready fr astrnauts. That’s because he still has t find a slutin t make the fd cntainer in the printer last fr 30 years. Thugh that may sund unrealistic, actually it is nt.
Anjan Cntractr believes that the nly way t make it pssible is that the water is remved frm all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced t the pwder frm. This, as yu can imagine, will nt be s easy. But, while the printer may nt be ready fr space, it certainly lks ready enugh fr peple n earth. Hpefully, NASA and Cntractr will cnsider selling it t thse nt frtunate enugh t g t Mars!
4. Why des the authr mentin the things that astrnauts in space cannt d?
A. T ask us nt t take cmmn things fr granted.
B. T shw they live a difficult life there.
C. T shw their life is bring in space.
D. T intrduce the tpic f the text.
5. NASA ffered $125, 000 t Anjan Cntractr mainly t ________.
A. create sme new types f 3D printer
B. attract mre cmpanies t wrk fr NASA
C. help astrnauts in space enjy fresh pizza ne day
D. prduce pizza in large quantities t earn great prfits
6. The biggest challenge that Anjan Cntractr is faced with nw is prbably that ________.
A. he has n mney left t g n with his research
B. the pizza desn’t seem appetizing t pizza lvers
C. he has n way t make pizza that can last fr thirty years
D. he cannt make the fd cntainer last fr thirty years
7. What’s the best title f the passage?
A. NASA is trying its best t help astrnauts eat better
B. Astrnauts may sn be able t enjy steaming ht pizza
C. NASA is wrking n making pizza fr cmmn peple
D. A 3D pizza printer has been used t make pizza
C
（2020 •海口一模）Astrnauts n shrter shuttle missins（使命）ften wrk very lng days. Tasks are scheduled s tightly that break times are ften used t finish the day’s wrk. This type f schedule is far t demanding fr lng missins n the Internatinal Space Statin（ISS）. ISS crew-members usually live in space fr at least a quarter f a year. They wrk five days n and tw days ff t mimic the nrmal way they d things n Earth as much as pssible. Weekends give the crew valuable time t rest and d a few hurs f husewrk. They can cmmunicate with the family and friends by email, Internet phne and thrugh private vide cnferences.
While astrnauts cannt g t a baseball game r a mvie in rbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjy. Befre a missin, the family and friends f each ISS crew-member put tgether a cllectin f family phts, messages, vides and reading material fr the astrnauts t lk at when they will be flating 370 kilmeters abve the Earth. During their missin, the crew als receive care packages with CDs, bks, magazines, phts and letters. And as frm early 2010, the Internet became available n the ISS, giving astrnauts the chance t d sme “web surfing（冲浪）” in their persnal time. Besides relaxing with these mre cmmn entertainments, astrnauts can simply enjy the experience f living in space.
Many astrnauts say that ne f the mst relaxing things t d in space is t lk ut f the windw and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and ceans.
8. What des the wrd “mimic” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. find
B. cpy
C. change
D. lse
9. Which f the fllwing best describes the families f the astrnauts n the ISS?
A. They are caring and thughtful.
B. They are impatient and annyed.
C. They are impatient and thughtful.
D. They are excited and curius.
10. In the final paragraph, the authr shws that astrnauts ________.
A. get mre pleasure in space than n the Earth
B. find living in space a bit bring and tiring
C. regard space life as cmmn
D. lve t see the Earth frm space
11. The passage mainly discusses hw astrnauts ________.
A. wrk fr lnger missins in space
B. cnnect with peple n the Earth
C. bserve the Earth frm space
D. spend their free time in space
D
（2020 •重庆西北狼教育联盟高三一模）NASA’s Curisity vehicle recently recrded the largest level f methane（甲院）ever measured during its seven-year Mars missin. The discvery is exciting because the existence f methane gas culd supprt the case fr life n Mars.
Methane has n clr r smell. A special instrument n Curisity’s Mars Science Labratry recrded the increased gas level. The device, called a laser spectrmeter, measures levels f chemical elements and gases in the Martian atmsphere. In additin t methane, the instrument can recrd levels f water and C02. Nearly all the methane gas fund in Earth’s atmsphere is prduced by bilgical activity. It usually cmes frm animal and plant life. But it can als be frmed by gelgical （地质的）prcesses, such as interactins between rcks and water. NASA said the increased methane was measured t be abut 21 parts per billin by vlume（ppbv）. One ppbv means that if yu take a vlume f air n Mars, ne billinth f the vlume f air is methane.
It was nt the first time Curisity had fund methane gas in the Martian atmsphere. Abut a year ag, NASA annunced that Curisity had discvered sharp seasnal increases in the gas. This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any thers bserved in the past. NASA fficials even temprarily stpped Curisity, s ther activities t investigate further.
“It’s exciting because micrbial（微生物的）life is an imprtant surce f methane n Earth, ” NASA said in a statement annuncing the discvery. Hwever, Curisity’s team carried ut a fllw-up methane experiment that shwed a sharp drp in levels f the gas. The secnd examinatin fund the level was less than ne part per billin by vlume. That number was clse t the backgrund levels Curisity sees all the time. The rise and fall f the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with mre questins than answers. The scientists are cntinuing t study pssible causes fr the sudden increase. The methane mystery cntinues.
Curisity des nt have instruments that can exactly identify whether the surce f the methane is bilgical r gelgical. One leading thery is that methane is being released frm undergrund areas created by pssible life frms that disappeared lng ag. Even thugh Mars has n active vlcanes, scientists believe it is als pssible that methane is being prduced by reactins invlving carbn materials and water.
A clearer understanding f methane levels ver time culd help scientists determine where they’re lcated n Mars. Scientists hpe this understanding will cme as Curisity cntinues t cllect methane data in its search fr pssible life.
12. Curisity discvered ________.
A. the largest methane gas level ever bserved n Mars
B. the existence f life n Mars
C. the reasn fr the increased methane
D. interactins between rcks and water
13. Why did NASA fficials nce stp Curisity’s ther activities?
T further examine the methane gas level n Mars.
T seek pssible life existing n Mars.
T check the quality f Curisity’s missin.
T find seasnal increases in the methane gas.
14. What can we learn frm the last three paragraphs?
A. Causes fr the change f methane have been prved by Curisity.
B. Curisity has prved the lcatin f methane by instruments.
C. Scientists think reactins invlving carbn materials and water may prduce methane.
D. Identifying the surce f methane has helped scientists search fr pssible life n Mars.
15. The passage is prbably taken frm ________.
A. a gegraphy textbk
B. a science newspaper
C. a health magazine
D. a travel brchure
第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gardening 380 Kilmeters abve Earth
（2020 •辽宁鞍山一模）Astrnauts have t g thrugh physical, psychlgical, and technical training. They als g thrugh training in hw t care fr plants. These “astrnaut gardeners” share their wrk and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants alng n a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips becme lnger, it will be necessary t grw fd in space. 16 Because f this, it’s nt practical t send everything needed fr a lng jurney, nly t be used nce and thrwn away.
Plants can serve many uses n a space jurney. They can prvide mre fresh things. 17 Als, plants can help t make air quality better because they prduce xygen. They can imprve the quality f the air inside the spacecraft—the nly air the astrnauts can breathe.
18 Due t the lack f gravity in space, the xygen that the plants prduce stays arund the plants. This can actually kill them, s fans are needed t circulate the air. Withut gravity, rts dn't “knw” t grw dwn, leaves dn’t “knw” t grw up, and water desn’t easily travel up the rts t the leaves. 19 Besides, sil is t heavy t send t space, and special liquid gels（凝胶）are used t help plant grwth.
Scientists are als wrking n the plants themselves. They are trying t make plants grw mre rapidly and grw with less water and light in space, and they are lking fr ways t make plants mre resistant t disease. 20 Imagine that deserts may ne day prvide lts f fresh fd fr lcal peple, saving transprtatin csts. Similarly, plants that are resistant t disease culd prvide an imprtant fd supply. With the wrld’s ppulatin nw at seven billin（十亿）peple, ur astrnaut gardeners may help discver ways t feed thse billins.
A. Every plant grwn in space must have several uses.
B. Hwever, there are challenges with grwing plants in space.
C. Such methds may result in imprvements back here n Earth.
D. The cst f taking anything int space is abut $22,000 per kilgram.
E. Specialized cntainers are being develped t help the plants grw crrectly.
F. Astrnauts will welcme the additin f fruits and vegetables t their diet f dry fds.
G. Currently all xygen is taken abard in tanks and then caught again s it can be reused.
第二部分 语言运用
[共两节，满分30分]
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2020 •山东泰安一模）An airplane pilt felt srry fr his hungry passengers, s he bught 21 all pizzas. The pilt, Gerhard Bradner, wrks fr Frntier Airlines. His 22 was frm Washingtn D. C. t Denver, but it had t be 23 because f bad weather. He felt hungry and thught he wuld rder a pizza frm Dmin’s Pizza restaurant near the airprt, when he thught his 157 passengers wuld als be 24 , s he rdered 50 family-sized pizzas. He paid ut f his wn pcket, 25 the wner f the airline said he culd give Mr. Bradner the mney fr the 26 . He annunced n bard, “Ladies and gentlemen, Frntier Airlines is knwn fr being ne f the 27 airlines in the US, but yur captain is nt cheap. I just 28 pizzas fr the whle plane.”
Mr. Bradner said his airline is like a big 29 and his passengers were part f that family. That was why he wanted t buy everyne a pizza. He als 30 reprters that he knew ther pilts wh had 31 fd fr passengers. Frntier Airlines said in a reprt, “Yes, the pilt did buy pizzas fr the 32 . It is imprtant t nte that this isn’t the first time ne f ur pilts has gne abve and beynd the call f duty t 33 care fr ur custmers.” Bradner even gt ff the plane and went t meet the pizza delivery kid at the security area and helped 34 the pizza back t the plane. The manager f the Dmin’s Pizza said he was 35 when he tk the rder and the caller tld him that he needed t feed his whle plane.
21. A. them B. us C. him D. her
22. A. car B. train C. plane D. ship
23. A. shwn up B. lked up C. put ff D. set up
24. A. thirsty B. angry C. hungryD. weak
25. A. and B. but C. r D. because
26. A. cakes B. burgers C. bread D. pizzas
27. A. cheapest B. richest C. prest D. dearest
28. A. ate B. rdered C. asked D. waited
29. A. huse B. plane C. cuntry D. family
30. A. tld B. said C. spke D. talked
31. A. sld B. made C. carried D. bught
32. A. pilts B. drivers C. passengers D. sellers
33. A. give B. prvide C. ffer D. pay
34. A. carry B. buy C. make D. sell
35. A. wrried B. surprised C. pleased D. bred
第二节（共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2020 •天津和平区一模）The “space race” tk place between the United States and the frmer Sviet Unin. Bth cuntries cmpeted t see which wuld be the first 36 （land） a persn n the Mn.
In 1959, bth the United States and the Sviet Unin succeeded in achieving their gals f sending spacecraft 37 （call） prbes beynd Earth’s gravitatinal pull. The Sviet Luna 1, launched n January 2, passed the Mn and 38 （cntinue ） thrugh space. Tw mnths later, the United States launched Pineer 4, 39 fllwed the same path as Luna Ⅰ. 40 eventually entered the rbit arund the Sun.
The mst famus was American astrnaut Neil Armstrng, 41 , n July 20, 1969, became the first human t set ft n the Mn. The United States Apll prgram lasted 42 1972. It carried ut extensive research f the lunar surface and even brught back samples f mn rcks.
Als, in the histry f space explratin, men and wmen have been seen living n space statins. As fr the US, 43 （send） the first such statin int space in Sviet Unin in 1971 made it eager t have its wn. Then, the first US space statin, Sky lab, 44 （launch） in May 1973 and rbited fr six years. Since the 1960s, bth als have sent spacecraft t explre almst all the planets in the slar system. Hwever, 45 （nt set） ft n any ther planet befre, astrnauts as well as scientists are still devted t space prgrams.
第三部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（满分15分）
（2020 •山东青岛城阳区月考）根据表格提示，请以“Our Future Space Schl”为题，写一篇80词左右的文章，给公元2066年的太空定居者（settler）介绍一下未来的太空学校。
要求：语句连贯，覆盖以下所有信息。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2020 •山东日照二模）The dctrs sent my mther hme t die. As a fifteen-year survivr f breast cancer, she had suffered tw heart attacks when advanced cancer was fund in her lung. The dctr tld me sadly, “She has a few days, maybe a week. Her heart is weak and unstable.” Mm had struggled t raise three daughters while hlding a full-time jb, yet wrked hard t maintain a warm hme fr her family. My plan fr Mm’s final days was simple: she wuld live with lve, and die with grace.
I tk mther t my hme, small but cmfrtable, which was a heaven t fur cats and a dg. The animals had the run f my huse. We equipped the bedrm with an electric hspital bed and an xygen machine, which frightened the cats. I’d mved their furniture and the cats were annyed. The dg, n the ther hand, an immature dg with bad habits, was excited by all the changes in the huse. He jumped up, barking. He is Ott wh was nt afraid f the hspital bed, the xygen machine r the medical smells. Nr was he afraid f the weak wman wh had sclded him. Ott jumped nt the ft f Mm’s hspital bed, and stayed. With the exceptin f eating and using the litter bx, Ott never left Mm’s rm.
Days passed and Mm started t rally. “Nt unusual,” I was tld. “A rally is ften a sign f imminent death（回光返照）.” I was heart-brken. But Ott wuld nt give her up s easily. He used her imprved cnditin t repsitin himself frm the ft f her bed t her side. Her thin fingers fund his sft cat. He leaned int her bdy, as if hlding tight the strings f her will t live. Thugh weak, she petted the dg and wuld nt allw me t take him. Days turned int weeks and Mm cntinued t fight.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Once, after the nurses had gne fr the day, I heard the sund f Mm’s vice cming frm her rm. __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three years later, Mm tgether with Ott is still here, medicines and nurses lng gne. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
[语篇解读]主题：人与自我（生活与学习）；话题：学习航空学。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了自小就对航空学非常感兴趣的Marlyse Reeves认为女性应该更多接触航空学这一领域，了解更多与航空学有关的知识。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“NASA’s Jet Prpulsin Labratry （ JPL ） attracted Marlyse Reeves frm an early age... Reeves develped a lve fr everything related t uter space, and the lab was a regular destinatin fr schl field trips.” 可知从很小的时候Reeves就对太空产生了兴趣，故B项正确。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The prgram fcuses n leadership fr engineers——peple wh may have high technical IQs but wh may nt be gd at expressing themselves.” 可知这一项目致力于培养工程师的领导力，故A项正确。
3. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I think it’s imprtant fr yung wmen and girls t have rle mdels，and just see that there are wmen ding it. ”可知Reeves认为对女性来说有榜样很重要，榜样可以对女性产生积极的影响。故C项正确。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：在太空自制比萨技术。 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印 技术。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Thugh nt much can be dne abut the first tw things，there may sn be a slutin t the third ne, thanks t this cl 3D pizza printer!” 可知，使用 3D 打印技术可以解决宇航员吃比萨的问题。结合下文对为宇航员提供比萨的3D打印技术的介绍可推知，文章开篇描述的无法实现的愿望旨在引出本文的话题。故D项正确。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Abut a year ag, NASA ffered $125, 000 t Anjan Cntractr, a 3D technlgy expert, t build a device that wuld allw astrnauts t make pizza n demand.” 可知，美国航空航天局提供125 000美元是为了开发为宇航员们提供新鲜比萨的技术设备。故C项正确。
6. D 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“That’s because he still has t find a slutin t make the fd cntainer in the printer last fr 30 years. ”可知，让打印机中的食物容器能够维持30年是目前的最大难题。故D项正确。
7. B标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印技术，因此将来宇航员们也许能吃上热腾腾的比萨。故B项最适合作为本文标题。
[语篇解读]主题：人与社会（宇宙探索）；话题：宇航员在太空如何 度过闲暇时间。本文是记叙文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中是如何度过他们可自由利用的时间的。
8. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“They wrk five days n and tw days ff...”可知，他们的工作和在地球上的工作时间一致，所以这样做的目的是尽可能地模仿地球上的正常生活，故选B。
9. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Befre a missin, the family and friends f each ISS crew-member put tgether a cllectin f family phts，messages, vides and reading material fr the astrnauts t lk at when they will be flating...” 可知，宇航员的 家人是体贴的、考虑周到的。故选A。
10. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Many astrnauts say that ne f the mst relaxing things t d in space is t lk ut f the windw and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and ceans.”可知，宇航员喜欢从太空中看地球。故选D。
11. D主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了宇航员在休息时做的事，全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C项有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。故选D。
[语篇解读]主题：人与社会（宇宙探索）；话题：火星探测。本文是 一篇科学类新闻报道。文中报道了 “好奇号”在火星上探测到有记录以来大气中最高的甲烷含量，并由此引发火星上是否存在或曾经存在生命的一系列讨论和进一步的科学探索。
12. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“NASA’s Curisity vehicle recently recrded the largest level f methane ever measured during its seven-year Mars missin.” 及第三段第三句 “This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any thers bserved in the past.” 可知此次探测到的火星大气甲烷含量是有观测历史以来最高的，故选A。
13. A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大约一年前“好奇号”就曾探测到火星大气甲烷含量的季节性剧烈升高，而这次则直接探测到有观测历史以来的最高含量，并结合该段最后一句 “NASA fficials even temprarily stpped Curisity’s ther activities t investigate further. ”可知，“好奇号”暂时停止其他工作，是为了集中精力更深人地检查、探测、研究火星大气中的甲烷含量。故选A。
14. C 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Even thugh Mars has n active vlcanes，scientists believe it is als pssible that methane is being prduced by reactins invlving carbn materials and water. ”可知，即使火星上没有活火山，甲烷也可能由碳材料与水反应产生，C项符合题意。
15. B推理判断题。本文报道了“好奇号”在火星上探测到有观测历史以来大气中最高的甲烷含量这一新闻，并进行了拓展讨论。因此本文属于科学类文章。故选B。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：高空园艺。本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在地球380千米外的高空做园艺。宇航员必须经过身体、心理和技术的训练，还要接受如何照料植物的培训。这些“宇航员园丁”与植物共享他们的工作和生活空间。
16. D关联逻辑法解题。下文意为“正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的东西都送出去是不现实的”。D项“The cst f taking anything int space is abut $22,000 per kilgram. （将物体送入太空的费用约为每千克22 000美元）”承接下文。下文中的this指代该项中的the cst,故选D。
17. F关联逻辑法解题。根据上文提示“它们可以提供更多新鲜的东西”, 与下文提示“此外，植物可以帮助改善空气质量，因为它们可以产生氧气”可知，F项“Astrnauts will welcme the additin f fruits and vegetables t their diet f dry fds.（宇航 员将欢迎在他们的干粮中加入水果和蔬菜）”承接上下文。 故选F。
18. B关联逻辑法解题。根据下文“由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气停留在植物周围”可知，B项“Hwever，there are challenges with grwing plants in space.（然而，在太空种植植物面临着挑战）”承接下文。故选B。
19. E关联逻辑法解题。根据上文“没有重力，根就不‘知道’该往下长，叶子就不‘知道’该往上长，水也不容易从根往上注入叶子”与下文提示“此外，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液体凝胶被用来帮助植物生长”可知，E项“Specialized cntainers are being develped t help the plants grw crrectly.（目前正在开发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长）”承接上下文。故 选E0
20. C 词汇锁定法解题。根据上文“他们正试图使植物生长得更快，在太空中以更少的水和光生长，他们正在寻找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病”可知，C项“Such methds may result in imprvements back here n Earth.（这些方法可能会导致地球 上的改善）”承接上文。该项中的methds与上文中的ways 相吻合。故选C。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自我（做人与做事）；话题：为乘客买比萨。 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了因为天气的原因，飞机耽误了飞行，当飞机的飞行员饿了的时候，他想到他的乘客也饿了，所以他给整个 飞机的乘客都买了比萨。
21. A上文语境题。这里用代词代替前文出现的passengers （乘客），因为乘客是复数，所以用them，故选A。
22. C 上文语境题。根据 An airplane pilt felt srry fr his hungry passengers可知Gerhard Bradner是飞行员，开的是飞机（plane ）， 故选C。
23. C 下文语境题。根据because f bad weather可知，是坏天气延误（put ff）飞机的飞行，故选C。
24. C 上文语境题。Gerhard Bradner饿了，想从机场旁的餐馆订比萨，他想他的157名乘客也会饿的（hungry）。
25. B上下文语境题。这里表示前后是转折关系，所以应该用but，故选B。句意：他自掏腰包（买比萨），但是航空公司的老板说，他可以把他给所有乘客买比萨的钱给他。
26. D上文语境题。根据上文可知，这个飞行员给乘客买的是比萨（pizza），故选 D。
27. A 下文语境题。根据后面提到的but yur captain is nt cheap可知此处意为“最便宜的（cheapest） ”。故选A。
28. B上下文语境题。要买比萨，需要先预订。故选B。句意：我刚刚给整个机舱的人都订（rder）了比萨。
29. D 下文语境题。根据下文 his passengers were part f that family可知，这里提到的应当是家庭。故选D。句意:Bradner先生说，他的航班就像一个大家庭（family），乘客是他家人的一部分。
30. A下文语境题。后面是双宾语，所以应该用tld,故选A。句意：他也告诉（tell）记者，他知道其他飞行员也给他们的乘客买过食物。
31. D上文语境题。根据前面提到的内容可知是飞行员给乘客买食物。故选D。句意：他也告诉记者，他知道其他飞行员也给他们的乘客买（buy）过食物。
32. C 上文语境题。根据上文“ 157 passengers pizzas.”以及 “I just rdered pizzas fr the whle plane.” 可知，飞行员多次给乘客买东西，故选C。句意：……飞行员的确给乘客 （passenger ）买过比萨。
33. B 上下文语境题。prvide sth. fr sb.给某人提供某物。故选B。
34. A上下文语境题。句意：Bradner甚至下飞机去安全区迎接送比萨的小伙子，并帮着他把比萨带回到（carry）飞机上。
35. B 下文语境题。根据下文he needed t feed his whle plane可知，打电话的人告诉他，他需要给一整个飞机的人买比萨。此处比萨店经理应感到“吃惊（surprised）”。
[语篇解读]主题：人与自然（宇宙探索）；话题：高空竞赛。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏联和美国在太空探索方面的竞争。
36. t land考查动词不定式，位于序数词后应使用动词不定式充当后置定语，故答案为t land。
37. called 考查非谓语动词。spacecraft与call是被动关系，called prbes是过去分词短语作spacecraft的后置定语。
38. cntinued 考查谓语动词。and连接两个并列谓语，passed为过去式，故答案为cntinue的过去式cntinued。
39. which 考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面的先行词 Pineer 4。
40. Bth考查代词。此处应使用表示两者的bth指代前文提到的 Luna 1 和 Pineer 4。
41. wh考查定语从句引导词。先行词指人，因此引导非限制性定语从句应使用wh。
42. until考查介词。根据语境可知此处指的是“直到1972年”，因此使用介词until。
43. sending考查动名词。此空作主语，应使用动名词sending。
44. was launched 考查谓语动词。句子有表示过去的时间，因此使用一般过去时，launch与其主语构成被动关系，因此使用被动语态。
45. nt having set 考查非谓语动词。set ft n any ther planet 动作发生在are still devted t space prgrams之前，因此使用完成式，其否定形式为nt having set。
第一节 One pssible versin：
Our Future Space Schl Our future space schl Yuancheng High Schl, which is lcated between tw new planets, is set up fr the early space settlers in space in 2066.
It is very cnvenient and available fr us t receive free educatin in ur space schl, equipped with all kinds f hi-tech cmputers, space travel spt and research center. What’s mre, we can take curses like astrnmy, maths, gegraphy, art and s n. It’s pen 24 hurs a day.
Cme and jin me if yu want t knw mre abut it.
第二节 One pssible versin：
Once, after the nurses had gne fr the day, I heard the sund f Mm’s vice cming frm her rm. I fund her with the head f the bed raised, reading frm the newspaper, with Ott in her arms, listening adringly. I will frever cherish the memry f Ott’s tuching her face. Eventually, using a walker, Mm began t take walks thrugh the huse, fllwed by Ott. Where she rested, Ott rested. Where she mved, Ott shadwed her. Smehw, Ott knew that during thse days he became her dg child, giving her life purpse.
Three years later, Mm tgether with Ott is still here, medicines and nurses lng gne. When we saw the dctr a while ag, “I can’t believe it, Lula,” he said. “I can’t find yur cancer and yur heart is strng. When yur daughter brught yu t me, I thught yu were a ship that had sailed.” Mm gave the credit t Ott, wh cntinued t share his gift f lve—a medicine mre pwerful than any drug a dctr culd prescribe.Its name
（as yu like）
Its lcatin
between tw new planets
Its curses
astrnmy, maths, gegraphy, art, etc.
Its equipment
cmputer
Its purpse
ffering free educatin
Other functins
space travel spt；research center