上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）-A4

这是一份上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）-A4，共29页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. She will run after the man. B. She can’t run faster.
C. She will beat the man in running. D. She desn’t like running.
2. A. She desn’t knw when the train leaves. B. It desn’t matter where the man ges fr hliday.
C. She wants the man t make up his mind himself. D. It’s nt necessary fr the man t wrry.
3. A. T visit sme lcal cmpanies. B. T help the cmpanies recruit students.
C. T knw mre abut the cmpanies. D. T apply fr a jb.
4. A. At the airprt. B. In a restaurant. C. In a bank. D. At the htel receptin.
5. A. Read sme instructin bks. B. Search fr prfessinal help.
C. Study a cmputer prgram. D. Set up a cmputer themselves.
6. A. She wants t get sme rest. B. She needs time t write a paper.
C. She has a literature class t attend. D. She has truble ging t sleep at night.
7. A. She will have chclate cake. B. She will try apple pie with ice cream.
C. She wn’t have any dessert. D. She wn’t suggest what t rder.
8. A. Her brther can help the man rent an apartment.
B. The man can stay in her brther’s apartment.
C. Her brther can find the man a cheaper htel.
D. The man can rent her brther’s apartment.
9. A. She desn’t knw whether Prf. Brwn will return.
B. The man shuldn’t be late fr his afternn class.
C. She can help the man get t Prf. Brwn later.
D. The man shuld g t Prf. Brwn’s classrm.
10. A. Alice didn’t seem t be nervus during her perfrmance.
B. The man didn’t enjy Alice’s perfrmance very much.
C. Alice needs mre training befre playing fr peple.
D. The man admired Alice fr her wnderful skills.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw passages and ne lnger cnversatin. After each passage and cnversatin, yu will be asked several questins. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. She didn’t prepare well fr it. B. She didn’t like the tpic f histry.
C. She thught she lked flish. D. She frgt t d it n that day.
12. A. She was nervus in frnt f peple. B. She felt the weather was t ht fr her.
C. She was in an vercrwded classrm. D. She wanted t answer questins in class.
13. A. Stp raising her hand in class. B. Frget abut the peple arund.
C. Avid staring at the windw r the exit sign. D. Make mre eye cntact with the prfessr.
14. A. He is very likely t shw up late fr his next class.
B. He has a prblem cntrlling his learned behavir.
C. He desn’t like his high schl life nr high schl friends.
D. He turns red whenever he talks t a girl.
Questins 15 thrugh 17 are based n the fllwing passage.
15. A. British sl stars. B. American pp singers.
C. Fur Liverpl bys. D. The yung f the 1960s.
16. A. Representing the yung. B. Audience participatin.
C. Praising lve and truth. D. Internatinal ppularity.
17. A. They were lked dwn upn by serius musicians.
B. They started frm selling wrds and music t stars.
C. They represented the painful struggle fr freedm.
D. The wrte abut a variety f things in their sngs.
Questins 18 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing passage.
18. A. Abut ne third. B. 40 percent.
C. Arund 130 billin tns. D. Nearly 15 percent.
19. A. Farms grw smaller prtins f fd prducts every year.
B. Grcery stres get rid f fd prducts that n ne buys.
C. Restaurants send buffet leftvers t hmeless peple arund.
D. Ordinary families thrw fd away because they are nt nutritius.
20. A. T feed 25 millin Americans a year.
B. T cut dwn fd wasted by 50 percent by 2030.
C. T make abundant fd supply a reality n Earth.
D. T prvide Americans with affrdable and nutritius fd.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A: Multiple Chices（请涂在答题卡相应位置）
Directins: Beneath each f the fllwing sentences there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne answer that best cmpletes the sentence.
1. Learning that I culdn’t affrd the rent, my bss ______ me a mnth’s salary.
A. cmmittedB. chppedC. chargedD. advanced
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老板得知我付不起房租后，预支了我一个月的工资。A. cmmitted承诺；B. chpped砍碎；C. charged收费；D. advanced预付，前进。根据上文“Learning that I culdn’t affrd the rent”可知此处指预付工资。故选D。
2. The curt decided t ______ the charge against the suspect as n slid evidence was fund against him.
A. fileB. answerC. drpD. assume
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：法院决定撤销对嫌疑人的指控，因为没有发现对他不利的确凿证据。A. file把（文件等）归档；B. answer回答；C. drp放弃，终止；D. assume假定，认为。根据n slid evidence was fund against him可知，没有发现对嫌疑人不利的确凿证据，所以撤销指控，drp the charge意为“撤销指控”。故选C。
3. Businesses are pushing the gvernment t pass new laws t ______ late payments f debts, a prblem that has been threatening their financial stability.
A. encunterB. cunterC. expseD. facilitate
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：企业正在推动政府通过新的法律来对抗拖欠债务问题，这个问题一直威胁着他们的财务稳定。A. encunter 遭遇； B. cunter 反击，抵制；C. expse 揭露；D. facilitate 促进。根据句意可知，企业希望通过法律来对抗或抵制债务的迟延支付问题。故选B。
4. It was the lve and supprt f his family and friends that ______ him during his time in prisn.
A. sustainedB. bstedC. accmpaniedD. emerged
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：是朋友和家人的支持和爱让她度过了人生中最艰难的时刻。A. sustained支撑；B. bsted推动；C. accmpanied陪伴；D. emerged出现。本句使用了It was… that…强调句型，被强调的部分是主语 the lve and supprt f his family and friends ，结合“during his time in prisn”可知，应用sustain，表示这些支持和爱支撑她度过了人生中最艰难的时刻。故选A。
5. The wrld f advertising is bviusly less ______ by cnventin than the wrld f banking, allwing fr mre innvatin and experimentatin.
A. bundB. brderedC. bmedD. grasped
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，广告界比银行业受传统的束缚更少，允许更多的创新和实验。A. bund束缚，约束；B. brdered接壤；C. bmed繁荣；D. grasped抓住。根据后文“allwing fr mre innvatin and experimentatin”可知，与银行业相比，广告界受传统的“束缚”更少，用动词bind(约束)的过去分词bund构成被动语态。故选A项。
6. Believe it r nt, newbrns are able t ______ between a man’s and a wman’s vice.
A. frecastB. discriminateC. integrateD. accmmdate
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，新生儿能够区分男人和女人的声音。A. frecast预测；B. discriminate区分，辨别；C. integrate 融合；D. accmmdate容纳。由句意和between a man’s and a wman’s vice可知，这里指新生儿能够“区分”男人和女人的声音。故选B项。
7. T this day, Michael Jrdan is regarded as ne f the best basketball players ever t have ______ the game, whse unmatched skill and exceptinal sprtsmanship inspire players and fans alike.
A. drawnB. gracedC. explredD. cmmanded
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至今，迈克尔·乔丹仍被视为有史以来最出色的篮球运动员之一，他无与伦比的技能和卓越的体育精神激励着球员和球迷。A. drawn吸引；B. graced使生辉，为增色；C. explred探索；D. cmmanded命令。根据“whse unmatched skill and exceptinal sprtsmanship inspire players and fans alike”可知，这里指迈克尔·乔丹为篮球的发展增色不少。故选B项。
8. Accrding t the analyst, ______ pricing allws greater pricing flexibility by taking int accunt real-time changes in cnsumer demand.
A. dmesticB. dynamicC. initialD. earnest
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据分析师称，通过考虑消费者需求的实时变化，动态定价允许更大的定价灵活性。A. dmestic国内的；B. dynamic动态的；C. initial最初的；D. earnest热切的，认真的。根据后文“by taking int accunt real-time changes in cnsumer demand”可知，此处是指“动态定价”能考虑到消费者需求的实时变化，允许更大的定价灵活性，用形容词dynamic作定语。故选B项。
9. The man arrived fr the ceremny with ld jackets and ______ jeans that the average persn wuld save fr mwing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.
A. fadedB. humbleC. equivalentD. fine
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个人来参加典礼时穿着旧夹克和褪色的牛仔裤，这种装扮一般人只在周末修剪花园草坪时才会穿。A. faded褪色的；B. humble谦卑的；C. equivalent相等的；D. fine好的。根据“ld jackets”以及后文“that the average persn wuld save fr mwing the lawn in his garden at the weekend”可知，他穿着“褪色的”牛仔裤来参加典礼，这种装扮很随意，就像一般人只在周末修剪花园草坪时穿的那样。故选A项。
10. There is n quicker way t ______ a wrd t a respectable principle, system and mvement than t stick t the end f it the suffix “-ism”.
A. cinB. exchangeC. elevateD. cnfuse
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：要将一个词提升为一个受人尊敬的原则、体系和运动，没有比在末尾加上后缀“-ism”更快的方法了。A. cin创造；B. exchange交换； C. elevate提升；D. cnfuse迷惑。由句意和t a respectable principle, system and mvement可知，这里指把一个词“提升”到一个新的高度。故选C项。
Sectin B:（请写在答题纸相应位置）
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Try New Fruit. The Weirder, the Better.
As a kid, I ften had nsebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat” — especially the lychees, my favrite. It didn’t stp me frm wlfing them dwn ____11____ the dzen, hwever. After we settled in a suburb f Quebec City, lychees became harder t find, and thus an infrequent treat.
____12____ I’ve grwn lder, my bsessin with extic fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. ____13____ natural r genetically mdified, beautiful r misshapen, every new fruit expands my understanding f the wrld and enriches my experience within it. Just when I think I have encuntered every natural smell, a fruit named lul appears at my favrite stre. Part pineapple juice and part rhubarb-flavred gummy, it’s a scent s rare that I’d rather believe it was picked frm a fd scientist’s imaginatin ____14____ accept that it just happens t grw in sme peple’s backyards.
There’s a line in a Jack Gilbert pem that has inhabited a crner in my brain since I was a teenager. “What lasted is what the sul ate; the way a child knws the wrld is by putting it part by part int his muth.” I think f the line ____15____ I prepare t eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance t be reunited with my inner child, t be left wide-eyed as I get t knw it, part by part. Fr me, the experience is n less expansive than seeing the cean fr the first time. Yu catch yurself ____16____(wnder) what else this wrld has been hiding and what beauty it’s capable f. ____17____ tasked with naming these fruits appear t be equally under a spell, prducing simple yet charming names like ice cream bean and dragn fruit.
Mst fruits I try nly a cuple f times, but there’s ne t ____18____ I keep returning: the sursp (刺果番荔枝). At ripeness, it tastes like a wnderful cmbinatin f banana, strawberry and papaya. ____19____(wait) just ne mre day, thugh, and it starts t brwn, emitting a smell that registers mre like feet than fruit.
This rapid decaying actually cmfrts me. An appraching expiratin date is nly encuragement ____20____(taste) these jys as they cme. We, t, will sn wake up and find ur bdies sftened and bruised. Will we have let ur sweetest days g t waste?
【答案】11. by 12. As
13. Whether
14. than 15. when
16. wndering
17. Thse 18. which
19. Wait 20. t taste
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了打小喜欢荔枝的作者在成年后对异国水果更加喜欢，这些水果使他拓展了对世界的了解，丰富了他的经验，甚至还让他有了“趁着还没老去，珍惜美好当下”的人生感悟。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止我把它们一打一打地吞下去。by the dzen“按打计算”，固定短语，故填by。
【12题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我对异国水果的痴迷越来越强烈——越奇怪越好。结合句意可知，此处指“随着年龄的增长”，使用as引导时间状语从句，首字母应大写，故填As。
【13题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：无论是天然的还是转基因的，美丽的还是畸形的，每一种新的水果都扩展了我对世界的理解，丰富了我对世界的体验。结合句意及“r”可知，此处是固定短语whether…r…，表示“无论是……还是……”，首字母应大写，故填Whether。
【14题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：一部分是菠萝汁，一部分是大黄味的软糖，这种气味非常罕见，我宁愿相信它是从食品科学家的想象中挑选出来的，也不愿接受它碰巧生长在某些人的后院。wuld rather d than d“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故填than。
【15题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当我准备吃一个新水果时，我想到了这句话。结合句意可知，此处指“当我准备吃一个新水果时”，使用when引导时间状语从句，故填when。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你发现自己在想这个世界还隐藏了什么，它还能有什么美丽。空处是宾补，wnder和宾语yurself之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填wndering。
【17题详解】
考查代词。句意：那些负责给这些水果命名的人似乎也同样被施了魔法，想出了简单而迷人的名字，比如冰淇淋豆和火龙果。空处作主语，结合句意可知，此处指“那些负责给这些水果命名的人”，使用代词thse，首字母应大写，故填Thse。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大多数水果我只尝过几次，但有一种水果我总是吃，那就是刺果番荔枝。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是ne，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词which引导，故填which。
【19题详解】
考查祈使句。句意：不过，再等一天，它就开始变成褐色，散发出一种更像脚的气味，而不是水果的味道。此处是祈使句，以动词原形开头，首字母应大写，故填Wait。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一个即将到来的截止日期只会鼓励你在这些快乐到来时品尝它们。encuragement后使用动词不定式作后置定语，故填t taste。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A basic weakness in a cnservatin system based whlly n ecnmic mtives is that mst members f the land cmmunity have n ecnmic value. Yet, these creatures are members f the bitic(生物的) cmmunity and, if its stability depends n its integrity, they are ____21____ t existence.
When ne f these nnecnmic categries is in ____22____ danger and, if we happen t lve it, we invent excuses t give it ecnmic imprtance. During the early 1900s, sngbirds were suppsed t be disappearing. Scientists jumped t the rescue with ____23____ shaky evidence t the effect that insects wuld eat us up if birds failed t cntrl them. The evidence had t be ecnmic t be valid.
A ____24____ situatin exists in respect f predatry mammals. Time was when bilgists smewhat verwrked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health f ____25____ by killing the physically weak, r that they prey nly n “wrthless” species. It is nly in recent years that we hear the mre hnest argument that predatrs are members f the cmmunity, and that n special interest has the right t kill them fr the sake f a benefit, real r ____26____, t itself.
Sme species f trees have been “excluded frm the party” by ecnmics-minded fresters because they grw t slwly r have t lw a sale value t pay as ____27____ crps. In Eurpe, where frestry is eclgically mre advanced, the nncmmercial tree species are recgnized as members f native frest cmmunity, t be preserved as such, within reasn. Mrever, sme have been fund t have a valuable rle in building up sil fertility. The interdependence f the frest and its ____28____ species and grund plants and animals is taken fr granted.
T sum up a system f cnservatin based slely n ecnmic self-interest is hpelessly unjust. It tends t ignre, and thus ____29____ t eliminate, many elements in the land cmmunity that lack cmmercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the ecnmic parts f the bitic cmmunity will wrk withut the unecnmic parts, which are nevertheless essential t its healthy ______30______.
【答案】21. J 22. F
23. K 24. H
25. E 26. C
27. G 28. A
29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了完全基于经济动机的保护系统并不利于生态保护，无论物种是否能够给人类带来经济价值，它们都有生存权利。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果其稳定性取决于其完整性，它们就有权生存。根据上文中的“mst members f the land cmmunity have n ecnmic value”和句中的“these creatures are members f the bitic(生物的) cmmunity and, if its stability depends n its integrity”可知，大部分生物是没有经济价值的，但这些生物都是整个生物群落的一部分，如果这个群落的稳定性是以其完整性为基础的，那么所有生物都有权生存下去。entitle意为“使有权利，使有资格”，为及物动词，空前有are，entitle和they之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选J。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当一个无经济价值的物种处于严重危险之中，如果我们碰巧喜欢它，我们就会编造借口赋予它经济重要性。空处应用形容词，修饰danger。in danger意为“处于危险之中”。根据下文中的“sngbirds were suppsed t be disappearing”可知，这里表示处于严重危险之中，grave意为“严重的”。故选F。
【23题详解】
考查副词。句意：科学家们急忙救助，针对影响提出明显不可靠的证据，大意是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫，昆虫会吃掉我们。空处用副词，修饰shaky。根据上文中的“if we happen t lve it, we invent excuses t give it ecnmic imprtance”和句中的“insects wuld eat us up if birds failed t cntrl them”可知，我们会编造借口去拯救那些没有经济价值但受人类喜欢的物种，这里编造的关于鸟的理由明显不可靠。distinctly意为“清楚地，明显地”。故选K。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：捕食性哺乳动物也存在类似的情况。空处应用形容词，修饰situatin。上文讲述了关于鸟的例子，这里讲述了捕食性哺乳动物的类似情况。parallel意为“相似的”。故选H。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：过去，生物学家有点过度研究这些证据：这些生物通过杀死身体虚弱的动物来保护猎物健康，或者它们只捕食“无用”的物种。空处用名词作介词f的宾语。根据空前的“these creatures preserve the health f”和空后的“by killing the physically weak”可知，这些生物捕食体弱者，以便保护猎物种群的健康。game意为“猎物”。故选E。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：直到最近几年，我们才听到比较诚实的观点，即捕食性动物是群落的成员，没有任何特殊利益集团有权为了自己的利益而杀死它们，无论是真实的还是虚构的。根据空前的“real r”可知，空处应用形容词fancied，意为“虚构的”，表示无论是真实的还是虚构的。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一些树种被有经济头脑的林学家“排除在外”，因为它们生长太慢或销售价值太低而无法作为有前景的作物创收。空处应用形容词，修饰crps。根据句中的“have t lw a sale value t pay”可知，这些树种销售价值低，不是有经济前景的作物。prmising意为“有希望的，有前途的”。故选G。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：森林及其组成物种和地面动植物的相互依存被认为是理所当然的。根据空前的“the frest”和空后的“species”可知，这里指组成森林的物种。cnstituent意为“组成的，构成的”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：它往往忽视并最终消除土地群落中缺乏商业价值的许多部分。空处用副词，修饰“t eliminate”。根据空前的“ignre, and thus”和空后的“t eliminate”可知，这里表示忽视并最终消除，强调过程。ultimately意为“最终”。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动名词。句意：它错误地认为，生物群落的经济部分将在没有无经济价值部分的情况下运转，而无经济价值部分对其健康运作至关重要。根据“the ecnmic parts f the bitic cmmunity will wrk withut the unecnmic parts”可知，这里指无经济价值的物种对生物群落的健康运转很重要。functining意为“运转”，是动词functin的动名词形式。故选D。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passages there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
In praise f anxiety
Nbdy likes t feel anxius. An entire industry has sprung up t aid us in eliminating it, frm self-help bks t cgnitive behaviral therapy. Yet with rates f anxiety disrders rising sharply wrldwide, it seems that ur effrts t ____31____ anxiety aren’t wrking.
But feeling anxius isn’t the prblem. The prblem is that we dn’t understand hw t respnd ____32____ t anxiety. This “bad” feeling isn’t a failure f mental health. It’s a victry f human ____33____, a respnse emerging with ur ability t cpe with the uncertain future. It was Charles Darwin wh saw that ____34____ emtins like anxiety ffers a prfund evlutinary advantage. Fear, ____35____, signals that yu may be in danger — frm a predatr r a bully — and readies yur bdy and mind t fight r take flight.
Anxiety, by cntrast, has nthing t d with ____36____ threats. ____37____, it turns yu int a mental time traveler, drawing yur attentin t what lies ahead. Will yu succeed r fail in a big jb interview? Anxiety prmpts yur mind and bdy int ____38____. Yur wrries frce yu t prepare thrughly fr the interview, while yur heart races and pumps bld t yur brain s that yu stay sharp, prepared t pursue yur gals.
Over the years, research has als shwn higher levels f dpamine when we’re anxius. We have lng knwn dpamine increases when an experience is pleasurable and als in anticipatin f ____39____. The fact that anxiety als bsts dpamine levels pints t its rle in making psitive pssibilities int reality.
Sadly, many f us feel verwhelmed by lasting anxiety and dn’t see any _____40_____ frm it. We have cme t believe that the best way t cpe is t get rid f it. But treating anxiety as a disease prevents us frm telling rdinary anxiety frm anxiety disrders, and creates huge _____41_____ csts when it cmes t using anxiety t ur benefit.
Here’s the difference between anxiety and an anxiety disrder: a disrder is nly diagnsed when ur ways f cping with anxiety disturb ur ability t functin nrmally in life. These prblematic ways usually invlve _____42_____, like never leaving a huse because we fear a negative evaluatin, r taking drugs t dull ur emtinal pain. They als invlve the belief that we can’t cpe with anxiety. Cuntless research shws when we instead are curius abut ur negative emtins, and learn t name them and _____43_____ them, they becme mre manageable.
Therefre, we need t develp a new mindset abut this misunderstd emtin. Reframing anxiety as a(n)_____44_____ and a valued part f being human isn’t easy. It takes practice and it desn’t mean anxiety becmes enjyable. Anxiety can’t d its jb unless it makes us _____45_____, frcing us t sit up and pay attentin. We dn’t need t like anxiety — just t use it in the right way.
31. A. cntainB. understandC. expressD. appreciate
32. A. rapidlyB. naturallyC. cnstructivelyD. cautiusly
33. A. behavirB. experienceC. intelligenceD. evlutin
34. A. intenseB. unpleasantC. cnflictingD. real
35. A. in generalB. n the ther handC. fr exampleD. in ther wrds
36. A. immediateB. cnstantC. ptentialD. deadly
37. A. CnsequentlyB. HweverC. MreverD. Rather
38. A. realityB. decisinC. wnderD. actin
39. A. requirementsB. changesC. rewardsD. threats
40. A. slutinB. benefitC. differenceD. lessn
41. A. pprtunityB. labrC. unexpectedD. extra
42. A. panicB. avidanceC. addictinD. absence
43. A. make sense fB. d away withC. take refuge inD. make up fr
44. A. cureB. praiseC. edgeD. emtin
45. A. fascinatedB. patientC. calmD. uncmfrtable
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了没有人喜欢焦虑，但感觉焦虑并不是一个问题，问题是我们对待焦虑的方式。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着全球焦虑症发病率的急剧上升，我们抑制焦虑的努力似乎没有奏效。A. cntain包含，克制，抑制；B. understand理解；C. express表达；D. appreciate欣赏。根据上文中的“An entire industry has sprung up t aid us in eliminating it, frm self-help bks t cgnitive behaviral therapy. (从自助书籍到认知行为疗法，整个行业突然出现帮助我们消除它。)”可知，这里指抑制焦虑情绪的努力。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：问题是我们不知道如何积极地应对焦虑。A. rapidly迅速地；B. naturally自然地；C. cnstructively建设性地，积极地；D. cautiusly谨慎地。根据下文中的“Cuntless research shws when we instead are curius abut ur negative emtins, and learn t name them and ____13____them, they becme mre manageable.”和“We dn’t need t like anxiety — just t use it in the right way.”可知，这里指积极地应对焦虑。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是人类进化的胜利，是一种我们应对不确定未来能力时产生的回应。A. behavir行为；B. experience经验；C. intelligence智力；D. evlutin进化。根据下文中的“It was Charles Darwin wh saw that ____4____emtins like anxiety ffers a prfund evlutinary advantage.”可知，达尔文认为焦虑情绪是一种进化优势，所以这里指焦虑是人类进化的胜利。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：查尔斯·达尔文发现，焦虑等不愉快的情绪具有深远的进化优势。A. intense强烈的；B. unpleasant令人不快的；C. cnflicting相互矛盾的；D. real真的。根据空后的“emtins like anxiety”和上文中的“Nbdy likes t feel anxius.”可知，焦虑等情绪是令人不愉快的情绪。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，恐惧表明你可能处于危险之中——来自捕食者或欺负者——并使你的身心做好战斗或逃跑的准备。A. in general总的来说；B. n the ther hand另一方面；C. fr example例如；D. in ther wrds换句话说。这里列举了恐惧的例子，用来证明前面达尔文的观点。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，焦虑与当前的威胁无关。A. immediate立即的，当前的；B. cnstant不断的；C. ptential潜在的；D. deadly致命的。根据下文中的“drawing yur attentin t what lies ahead”可知，焦虑是因为担心未来的事情，所以和当前的威胁无关。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它会把你变成一个精神上的时间旅行者，把你的注意力引向前方。A. Cnsequently结果；B. Hwever然而；C. Mrever此外；D. Rather相反，而是。前面“Anxiety, by cntrast, has nthing t d with ____6____threats.”说焦虑与当前威胁无关，这里说焦虑与担心未来有关，所以是相反的两种情况。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：焦虑会促使你的身心采取行动。A. reality现实；B. decisin决定；C. wnder惊叹；D. actin行动。根据下文中的“Yur wrries frce yu t prepare thrughly fr the interview, while yur heart races and pumps bld t yur brain s that yu stay sharp, prepared t pursue yur gals.”可知，焦虑会使你的身心都采取行动。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们早就知道，当一种体验令人愉悦时，多巴胺会增加，预料有奖励也会增加多巴胺。A. requirements要求；B. changes改变；C. rewards奖励；D. threats威胁。根据空前的“when an experience is pleasurable and als in anticipatin f”可知，当感受愉快或者受到奖励时，会增加多巴胺。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，我们中的许多人都被持久的焦虑所淹没，没有看到任何好处。A. slutin解决方法；B. benefit好处，益处；C. difference区别，不同；D. lessn课。根据句中的“Sadly”和上文讲述的焦虑带来的好处可知，许多人因为沉浸在焦虑中，而忽略了焦虑的好处。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，将焦虑视为一种疾病会阻止我们区分普通焦虑和焦虑症，并在提到利用焦虑为我们带来利益时产生巨大的机会成本。A. pprtunity机会；B. labr劳动；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. extra额外的。根据“treating anxiety as a disease”和“when it cmes t using anxiety t ur benefit”可知，选择将焦虑当作疾病去对待，救无法利用焦虑带来好处，这会产生机会成本。pprtunity csts意为“机会成本”。机会成本是指选择某种行为或决策时，放弃了其他可行选择所产生的成本。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些有问题的方式通常涉及回避，比如因为害怕负面评价而从不出门，或者服用药物来缓解我们的情绪痛苦。A. panic恐慌；B. avidance避免，回避；C. addictin瘾，入迷；D. absence缺席，不在。根据空后的“like never leaving a huse because we fear a negative evaluatin, r taking drugs t dull ur emtinal pain”可知，因害怕负面评价而从不出门和服用药物来缓解情绪痛苦，这些都是回避的表现。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，无数的研究表明，当我们对自己的负面情绪怀有好奇，并学会命名和理解它们时，它们会变得更容易管理。A. make sense f理解，弄懂；B. d away with消除；C. take refuge in在……避难；D. make up fr弥补。根据空前的“are curius abut ur negative emtins, and learn t name them”可知，我们对负面情绪保持好奇心，给它们命名，并理解它们。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：将焦虑重新定义为优势和人类有价值的一部分并不容易。A. cure疗法；B. praise赞扬，表扬；C. edge边缘，优势；D. emtin情绪。根据空后的“and a valued part f being human”以及上文讲述的关于焦虑给人类带来的各种好处可知，这里是把焦虑当作一种积极的事物，将其定义为一种优势和人类有价值的一部分。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：焦虑无法发挥作用，除非它让我们感到不舒服，迫使我们坐起来集中注意力。A. fascinated入迷的；B. patient耐心的；C. calm冷静的；D. uncmfrtable不舒服的。根据上文中的“it desn’t mean anxiety becmes enjyable”和空后的“frcing us t sit up and pay attentin”可知，焦虑让人不舒服。故选D。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
（A）
Nt lng ag I jined in a frum n the rle f the American press. The purpse f the frum, as I understd it, was t examine the respnsibilities f the media and t suggest the best ways t meet thse respnsibilities.
During the pen-discussin perid, a gentleman addressed a questin t a distinguished anchrman. Why, he asked, are the newspapers and televisin news prgrams s disaster-prne? The anchrman reacted as if he had been blamed fr the existence f bad news. Newsmen, he said, are nly respnsible fr reprting the news, nt fr creating r mdifying it.
It didn’t seem t me that he had answered the questin. The gentleman was just wndering why distrtins are mst reprted. The news media seem t perate n the philsphy that all news is bad news. Why? Culd it be that the emphasis n dwnside news is largely the result f traditin — the way newsmen and newswmen are accustmed t respnding t daily events?
Perhaps it wuld be useful here t examine the way we define the wrd news fr this is where the prblem begins. News is suppsed t deal with happenings f the past 12 hurs — 24 hurs at mst. Anything that happens s suddenly, hwever, is likely t be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed int a muntain…
Fcusing nly n these details, hwever, prduces a misshapen picture. Civilizatin is a lt mre than the sum ttal f its disasters. The mst imprtant ingredient in any civilizatin is prgress. But prgress is nt eruptive. Generally, it cmes in bits and pieces, very little f it clearly visible at any given mment, but all f it invlved in the making f histrical change fr the better.
It is this aspect f living histry that mst news reprting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under-infrmed abut psitive develpments and ver-infrmed abut disasters. This, in turn, leads t a public md f defeatism, which in themselves tend t prevent prgress. A persistent diet f eruptive news drains the essential human energies a free sciety needs.
I am nt suggesting “psitive” news be designed as a cuntermeasure t the disasters n page ne. What I am trying t get acrss is the ntin that the respnsibility f the news media is t search ut and reprt n imprtant events whether r nt they cme under the heading f cnflicts r disasters. The wrld is a splendid cmbinatin f heaven and hell, and bth call fr attentin and examinatin.
The anchrman was right in saying newsmen were nt respnsible fr shaping the wrld, but they are respnsible fr affecting ur attitude. News peple prvide us with the nly picture f urselves and the wrld. It had better be a true prtrait-and nt a caricature (漫画)— fr it’s this picture n which we will base ur decisins and arund which we will plan ur future.
46. The authr learned frm the frum that ______.
A. the public tended t blame newsmen fr reprting nly bad news
B. there were cncerns abut the media’s t much fcus n bad news
C. the American press failed t deliver n its prmise t refrm the media
D. the public expected factual and unmdified news reprts frm newsmen
47. What des the authr suggest is the primary reasn fr the dminance f negative news cverage?
A. The news media wrks n the principle that all news is bad news.
B. News reprters are prfessinally trained t reprt daily disasters.
C. News traditinally refers t events that ccur suddenly within a day.
D. Reprting nly tragic events may blind the public t scial prgress.
48. Which f the fllwing statements might the authr agree with?
A. News reprters shuld give their attentin t a wider range f imprtant issues.
B. The cnflicts and disasters cause public despair and rb sciety f human energy.
C. Newsmen are duty-bund t create mre psitive news t fight against disasters.
D. Newsmen can strive t find a balanced prtrayal f events t shape the wrld.
49. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. Why is all news bad news?B. Where is the news leading us?
C. Why is it time t create mre psitive news?D. Hw can the news media thrive against all dds?
【答案】46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讨论了美国新闻媒体的报道倾向，特别是其对负面新闻的过度关注及其对公众态度和社会氛围的影响。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Why, he asked, are the newspapers and televisin news prgrams s disaster-prne? The anchrman reacted as if he had been blamed fr the existence f bad news. Newsmen, he said, are nly respnsible fr reprting the news, nt fr creating r mdifying it.(他问道，为什么报纸和电视新闻节目如此容易报道灾难？主持人的反应就好像他因为坏消息的存在而受到责备。他说，新闻记者只负责报道新闻，而不负责创造或修改新闻)”可知，有人担心媒体过分关注坏消息。故选B。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Perhaps it wuld be useful here t examine the way we define the wrd news fr this is where the prblem begins. News is suppsed t deal with happenings f the past 12 hurs — 24 hurs at mst. Anything that happens s suddenly, hwever, is likely t be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed int a muntain…(也许在这里检查一下我们定义“新闻”这个词的方式会很有用，因为这就是问题的开始。新闻应该处理过去12小时——最多24小时内发生的事情。然而，任何突然发生的事情都可能引发爆发：一名狙击手杀死了一名总统候选人；一架飞机坠毁在山上。)”可知，作者认为负面新闻报道占主导地位的主要原因是传统上，新闻指的是一天内突然发生的事件。故选C。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What I am trying t get acrss is the ntin that the respnsibility f the news media is t search ut and reprt n imprtant events whether r nt they cme under the heading f cnflicts r disasters. The wrld is a splendid cmbinatin f heaven and hell, and bth call fr attentin and examinatin.(我想要表达的是这样一种观念，即新闻媒体的责任是找出并报道重要事件，无论这些事件是否属于冲突或灾难的范畴。这个世界是天堂和地狱的完美结合，两者都需要关注和审视)”可知，作者认为新闻记者应该把注意力放在更广泛的重要问题上。故选A。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nt lng ag I jined in a frum n the rle f the American press. The purpse f the frum, as I understd it, was t examine the respnsibilities f the media and t suggest the best ways t meet thse respnsibilities.(不久前，我参加了一个关于美国媒体角色的论坛。据我所知，论坛的目的是审查传播媒介的责任，并提出履行这些责任的最佳方法)”以及这篇文章主要讨论了美国新闻媒体的报道倾向，特别是其对负面新闻的过度关注及其对公众态度和社会氛围的影响。故B选项“这条新闻把我们引向何方？”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（B）
Belw are three sprts dcumentaries that make perfect viewing fr fans f sprting drama
N 1. Frmula 1: Drive t survive
The wrld’s httest sprt was barely n the radar f mst Americans — and then Drive t Survive arrived. Since its first release, the series has been credited fr the surprising rise in ppularity f the Eurpean racing assciatin, Frmula 1.
Over six seasns, it has taken fans inside every team and shwn the lives and preparatin f the wners, managers, and drivers, including superstars Lewis Hamiltn, whse headline-making race fr the 2021 title was at the center f Seasn 4. The series’ success has als inspired similar shws fr ther sprts lking t grab a bigger share f the glbal market.
N 2. Race t the Summit
This climbing dcumentary recrds the race between tw great climbers t secure the fastest time t cnquer the Alps’ great nrth faces. As with all climbing dcumentaries, nn-climbers will struggle t understand what drives a persn t risk his life like this, but the film’s stunning scenery and the athletes’ dedicatin t their sprt needs n explanatin. Viewers with fears f heights may want t steer clear, hwever: these shts are guaranteed t raise yur heart rate and take yur breath away.
N 3. Slaying The Badger
The 1986 Tur de France had a battle at its heart, ne between the tw fastest riders in the game. As defending champin, Bernard ‘The Badger’ was the hme her, a serius Frenchman wh was n stranger t challenges. The cmpetitr was his ppsite in persnality: the sunny American rider LeMnd, whse penness culdn’t cnceal a strng determinatin t becme the first nn-Eurpean t win the race. The nly truble was that the pair were members f the same team. This dcumentary is a fascinating study f the tw impulses f prfessinal rad cycling — individual glry versus team duty. And LeMnd, wh had played the rle f dutiful assistant the previus year, believed it was his turn t try the winner’s yellw jersey fr size.
50. What can we learn abut the dcumentary Frmula 1: Drive t survive?
A. It imprves Frmula 1’s glbal viewership particularly in Eurpe.
B. It ffers fans chances t g behind the scenes f Frmula 1 racing.
C. It leads t the rise f Lewis Hamiltn as a wrld-famus sprts star.
D. It helps ther similar sprts enjy a larger slice f the glbal market.
51. Which f the fllwing infrmatin abut Race t the Summit might be CORRECT?
A. The film is intended fr nn-climbers wh want t learn abut climbing.
B. The race between the climbers vershadws the scenic beauty f the Alps.
C. The film features splendid muntain views and thrilling scenes f climbing.
D. The film details the reasns behind climbers’ pursuit f extreme climbing.
52. What majr theme des Slaying The Badger explre?
A. The success stry f a yung cyclist defeating the defending champin.
B. The dminance f Eurpeans in rad cycling and the challenges they face.
C. The challenge f balancing persnal attainments with cllective respnsibilities.
D. The fierce battle between tp riders f different persnalities frm different teams.
【答案】50. B 51. C 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三部体育纪录片，分别是关于一级方程式赛车、攀登阿尔卑斯山北壁和1986年环法自行车赛的纪录片。每部影片展示了体育领域内不同的竞争与挑战，适合体育爱好者观看。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据N 1. Frmula 1: Drive t survive标题下第二段“Over six seasns, it has taken fans inside every team and shwn the lives and preparatin f the wners, managers, and drivers, including superstars Lewis Hamiltn, whse headline-making race fr the 2021 title was at the center f Seasn 4.(在六个赛季中，它带领粉丝深入每个车队，展示了车队老板、经理和车手的生活和准备工作，其中包括超级明星刘易斯·汉密尔顿，他在2021年争夺冠军的比赛是第四季的核心)”可知，这部纪录片让粉丝了解了Frmula 1赛车的幕后情况。故选B。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据N 2. Race t the Summit标题下“but the film’s stunning scenery and the athletes’ dedicatin t their sprt needs n explanatin.(但影片中惊人的风景和运动员对运动的投入无需解释)”可知，这部影片展示了壮丽的山景和激动人心的攀登场景。故选C。
【52题详解】
主旨大意题。根据N 3. Slaying The Badger标题下“This dcumentary is a fascinating study f the tw impulses f prfessinal rad cycling — individual glry versus team duty.(该纪录片深入研究了职业公路自行车赛中的两大动力——个人荣耀与团队责任)”可知，这部纪录片探讨了个人成就与团队责任的平衡。故选C。
（C）
The recent trust crisis has led many scientists t take up arms t defend their enterprise, but in their attempt t fight back against varius frms f science denial, sme scientists say things that just aren’t true - and yu can’t build trust if the things yu are saying are nt trustwrthy.
One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共识), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, n. Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. Even a mdest familiarity with the histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that they needed t be recnsidered.
Anther ppular mve is t say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假设). Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa.
Each f these cmmnly-held views has its merits, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is, well, unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Many scientific practices, particularly statistical tests f significance, have been develped with the idea f aviding wishful thinking and self-deceptin, but that hardly cnstitutes “the scientific methd”. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is t claim that this is all smehw simple and therefre t imply that anyne wh desn’t get it is dumb. Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the beautiful, cmplex wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is bth its wn reward and why taxpayers shuld be happy t fund research.
Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. And experience reminds us that when we ignre reality, it sner r later cmes back t bite us.
53. The qute frm Steven Weinberg is intended t ______.
A. illustrate that scientific theries are free frm cultural influences
B. stress what was believed t be true may turn ut t be false theries
C. shw even great scientists may be unfamiliar with the histry f science
D. serve as an example f the belief that science prduces permanent truths
54. What can be learned frm all the ppular pinins n “the scientific methd” mentined in the passage?
A. One way t make scientific discvery is ding experiments t bserve and describe the wrld.
B. Sme hld the scientific methd fcuses n prving hyptheses crrect thrugh experiments.
C. Sme suggest emplying the scientific methd t avid self-deceptin in scientific inquiry.
D. The scientific methd has evlved ver time and varied acrss scientific disciplines.
55. The underlined phrase “fall flat” in Paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A. fail t achieve a galB. lie n ne’s back
C. fall behind the timesD. rise t challenges
56. Which f the fllwing statements des the authr prbably agree with?
A. It’s pintless t agree n a single scientific methd as science is right in itself.
B. Science can’t supply abslute truths abut the real wrld, but it brings us clser.
C. Reflectin n the histry f science may help scientists restre public trust in science.
D. Making scientific theries easily understandable is the biggest challenge fr scientists.
【答案】53. D 54. C 55. A 56. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在信任危机下科学家捍卫科学事业时存在的问题，包括忽视科学是一个不断学习与发现的过程，认为某种单一的科学方法更好，以及将科学简单化，同时指出科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共识), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” (一种流行的做法是坚称科学是正确的——到此为止——一旦我们发现了世界的真相，我们就完成了任务。任何否认这些真理的人都是无知的。或者，正如诺贝尔奖得主物理学家Steven Weinberg所说，“尽管科学理论在某种意义上是一种社会共识，但它不同于任何其他类型的共识，因为它不受文化的影响，而且是永恒的。”)”可知，Steven Weinberg认为科学理论与文化无关，是永恒的，这支撑了前面提到的科学产生永恒真理的观点，是对其例证。故选D项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa. (最近，一些著名的科学家声称，科学的方法是避免欺骗自己，使自己误以为某事是真的，反之亦然。)”可知，一些人建议采用科学的方法来避免在科学研究中自我欺骗。A项“进行科学发现的一种方法是通过实验来观察和描述世界”与第三段中“Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. (有人会说这是经验主义：对世界的观察和描述。)”不符，观察和描述世界是经验主义的方法；B项“一些人认为科学方法的重点是通过实验证明假设是正确的”与第三段中“Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假设). (其他人会说这是实验方法：用实验来检验假设。)”不符，实验是用来检验假设的，假设有可能被证伪；D项“科学方法随着时间的推移而发展，在不同的科学学科中也有所不同”与第四段中“In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. (事实上，不同学科和不同时代的科学方法是不同的。)”不符，科学方法在不同时代不同不意味着它随着时间的推移而发展。故选C项。
【55题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然界的努力仅仅是努力。因为我们是人类)”可知，科学和自然界都不简单，人类在理解和描绘自然界上面临挑战，存在局限性。由此可知，我们经常会失败，画线部分意思应该与fail t achieve a gal“目标达成失败”意思相近。故选A项。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. (科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的是错误的。)”、倒数第二段中“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然世界的努力仅仅是努力。)”和最后一段中“Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. (科学理论并不是对现实的完美复制，但我们有充分的理由相信，它们捕捉到了现实的重要元素。)”可知，作者指出，人类在理解和描绘自然界上存在局限性，而且科学本身是学习和发现的过程，其中也会发生错误，但科学理论的确可以揭示现实的某些重要方面。由此可知，作者的观点可能是“科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理”。故选B项。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences given belw. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
What happened t the nble art f the manly cry?
One f ur mst firmly established ideas f masculinity (男子汉气概) is that men dn’t cry. Althugh he might shed bitter tears at a funeral, a real man is expected t quickly regain cntrl. Crying penly is fr girls.
____57____ One study fund wman reprt crying five times mre ften than men d. S it’s perhaps surprising t learn that the gender gap in crying seems t be a recent develpment. Histrically, men rutinely wept. In dcuments f the Middle Ages, we find ambassadrs bursting int tears when addressing the king; in medieval rmances, knights cried because they missed their girlfriends. There’s n mentin f men trying t hld back their tears.
S where did all the male tears g? There was n anti-crying mvement. N leaders f church r state intrduced measures t discurage them. ____58____ Frm there, it was a shrt leap t the pker-faced heres f Ernest Hemingway, wh culdn’t express their grief by any means but drinking and shting buffal.
The mst bvius pssibility is that this shift is the result f changes that tk place as we mved frm an agricultural sciety t ne that was urban and industrial. In the Middle Ages, a typical village had nly a small number f inhabitants related by bld r marriage. ____59____ But frm the 18th century, the ppulatin became increasingly urbanized, and peple were living amid thusands f strangers. Furthermre, changes in the ecnmy required men t wrk tgether in factries and ffices where emtinal expressin was discuraged as time-wasting.
____60____ There’s reasn t believe that hlding back tears can be harmful t yur well-being. Research has suggested a link between stress-related illness and inadequate crying. S it might be better t return t the free-flwing tears f the past. When misfrtune strikes, feel free t cry until ur sleeves are saked. As the Old Testament has it: “They that sw in tears shall reap in jy.”
A. Nevertheless, by the Rmantic perid, masculine tears were reserved fr pets.
B. S it’s time fr men t give up being stne-faced and pen the fldgates.
C. If men cried, they did s with peple wh wuld empathize.
D. Nr did their cmpanins make fun f this public crying.
E. Yet human beings weren’t designed t swallw their emtins.
F. This isn’t just a scial expectatin; it’s a scientific fact.
【答案】57. F 58. A 59. C 60. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了男人不哭泣的原因。
【57题详解】
文章第一段讲到男性很少哭泣。根据空格后的句子“One study fund wman reprt crying five times mre ften than men d.(一项研究发现，女性哭泣的频率是男性的五倍)”可知，F项“This isn’t just a scial expectatin; it’s a scientific fact.(这不仅仅是一种社会期望；这是一个科学事实)”填入空格处和下文是顺接关系，F项中的scientific fact和下文的ne study fund是对应的。故选F项。
【58题详解】
根据空格后的句子“Frm there, it was a shrt leap t the pker-faced heres f Ernest Hemingway, wh culdn’t express their grief by any means but drinking and shting buffal.(从那时起，就有了欧内斯特·海明威笔下那些面无表情的英雄，他们除了喝酒和射杀水牛之外，无法用任何方式表达自己的悲伤)”可知，空格处的句子应该提到某一时期或地点，从那里开始发生了变化。所以，A项“Nevertheless, by the Rmantic perid, masculine tears were reserved fr pets.(然而，到了浪漫主义时期，男性的眼泪是留给诗人的)”填入空格处，符合语境，下文的frm there指的是A项中的the Rmantic perid。故选A项。
【59题详解】
根据空格前的句子“In the Middle Ages, a typical village had nly a small number f inhabitants related by bld r marriage.(在中世纪，一个典型的村庄只有少数有血缘或婚姻关系的居民)”可知，空格处的句子应该提到在中世纪环境下，男人表达情感是什么情况，且与下文的变化“Furthermre, changes in the ecnmy required men t wrk tgether in factries and ffices where emtinal expressin was discuraged as time-wasting.(此外，经济的变化要求男人在工厂和办公室里一起工作，在那里不鼓励表达感情，认为这是浪费时间)”形成对比，所以，C项“If men cried, they did s with peple wh wuld empathize.(如果男人哭，他们对感同身受的人这样做)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C项。
【60题详解】
空格处是该段的主题句。根据下文内容“There’s reasn t believe that hlding back tears can be harmful t yur well-being. Research has suggested a link between stress-related illness and inadequate crying. S it might be better t return t the free-flwing tears f the past. When misfrtune strikes, feel free t cry until ur sleeves are saked. As the Old Testament has it: “They that sw in tears shall reap in jy.”(有理由相信忍住眼泪会对你的健康有害。研究表明，与压力有关的疾病和哭泣不足之间存在联系。因此，回到过去自由流动的泪水中可能会更好。当不幸降临的时候，尽情地哭，直到我们的袖子湿透。正如《旧约》所言：“含泪播种的，必欢喜收割。”)”可知，人们在该哭泣的时候，就应该哭泣，哭泣是人类天生的。所以，E项“Yet human beings weren’t designed t swallw their emtins.(然而，人类并不是生来就能咽下自己的情绪的)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。
Ⅳ. Summary
61. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint（s）f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The lng and winding career
Acrss the develped wrld, the wrkfrce nw cmes in varius shades f grey. Since2008, the average labr-frce participatin rate f 55-t 64-year-lds in develped cuntries has risen by eight percentage pints.
Many peple will be mre than happy t wrk lnger. A recent survey f 1, 000 British retired peple fund that a quarter thught they had stpped t early. It desn’t mean retirement lses its appeal. Retirement gives yu the chance t sleep late and avid the mrning cmmute. On a ht summer’s day, yu can enjy the sunshine; n a winter’s day, yu can avid the cld and rain. N lnger d yu have t sit thrugh endless meetings r check email bsessively.
But wrk has many benefits. As the survey reveals, it gives peple a purpse in life. The first mnth f retirement may seem pleasant, but bredm is bund t fllw. Grand plans t learn languages and travel the wrld can quickly fall thrugh. Furthermre, the friendship f clleagues prvides a scial netwrk; spending all week at hme can lead t lneliness.
Of curse, many peple are wrking lnger nt because they enjy what they d, but because they cannt affrd t quit. Cmpanies have been phasing ut pensins linked t final salaries and wrkers end up with a pt f savings at retirement that needs t be reinvested. The incme frm such pts has been reduced by very lw interest rates. Therefre, they need t keep wrking.
Hwever, emplyers may be held back. One in three 55-t 65-year-lds in develped cuntries either lacks cmputer experience r cannt pass technlgy tests. Such deficits can be tackled with prper training, rganized by the gvernment r by cmpanies themselves s that the ver-55s can becme silver surfers as their livelihd may depend n that.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The wrkfrce in develped cuntries is aging, with mre 55-64-year-lds jining. Many enjy wrking lnger despite retirement’s appeal. Wrk prvides a purpse and scial netwrk, while financial needs als drive this trend. Hwever, lack f cmputer skills may hinder lder wrkers, requiring prper training.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在许多发达国家，劳动力人口正在老龄化，更多的55至64岁的人加入了劳动力大军。尽管退休很有吸引力，但许多人仍然喜欢继续工作更长的时间。工作可以给他们生活的目标和社交网络，同时经济需求也是这一趋势的驱动力。然而，缺乏计算机技能可能会阻碍老年工人的发展，因此需要适当的培训。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Acrss the develped wrld, the wrkfrce nw cmes in varius shades f grey. Since2008, the average labr-frce participatin rate f 55-t 64-year-lds in develped cuntries has risen by eight percentage pints.
②Many peple will be mre than happy t wrk lnger A recent that a quarter thught they had stpped t early.
③But wrk has many benefits. As the survey reveals, it gives peple a purpse in , the friendship f clleagues prvides a scial netwrk.
④Of curse, many peple are wrking lnger nt because they enjy what they d, but because they cannt affrd t quit.
⑤One in three 55-t 65-year-lds in develped cuntries either lacks cmputer experience r cannt pass technlgy tests. Such deficits can be tackled with prper training.
2.缜密构思
文章第一段讲述劳动力老龄化的现状；第二段讲述许多人喜欢继续工作更长的时间；第三段讲述工作带来的好处；第四段讲述人们不得不继续工作的经济原因；第五段讲述老年工人缺乏计算机技能的问题及解决办法。将第二段和第三段整合为一点，即许多人喜欢继续工作，因为工作带来好处；将第四段和第五段整合为一点，即许多人不得不继续工作，因为他们负担不起退休的费用，而且老年工人缺乏计算机技能，需要适当的培训。
3.遣词造句
The wrkfrce in develped cuntries is aging. Many enjy wrking lnger despite retirement's appeal because wrk prvides benefits. Financial needs als drive this trend as many cannt affrd t quit, and lack f cmputer skills may hinder lder wrkers, requiring prper training.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The wrkfrce in develped cuntries is aging, with mre 55-64-year-lds jining. 这句话使用了with复合结构，作为伴随状语，表达非常高级。
[高分句型2] Many enjy wrking lnger despite retirement’s appeal because wrk prvides benefits. 这句话使用了despite表示转折，同时，because引导的原因状语从句也清晰地解释了人们喜欢继续工作的原因。表达非常高级。
Ⅴ. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 我刚刚冲出教室，这时脚下一滑，重重地摔了一跤。（hardly）(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hardly had I rushed ut f the classrm when I slipped and fell heavily.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和固定句型。根据句中的“刚刚……这时……”可知，这里用句型，主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，hardly位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装，将助动词had提到主语之前；“冲出”可表示为rush ut f；“教室”可表示为classrm；“脚下一滑”可表示为slip，为不及物动词；“重重地摔了一跤”可表示为fall heavily。故本句可翻译为：Hardly had I rushed ut f the classrm when I slipped and fell heavily.
63. 在阳光明媚的午后，没有什么比呆在寝室里打个盹更惬意的事情了。（than）(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There’s nthing better than taking a nap in yur drm n a sunny afternn.
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级，固定句型，时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“没有什么”用there be句型，翻译为There’s nthing，“比……更惬意”是better than，“打个盹”是take a nap，用动名词taking作宾语，“呆在寝室里”是in yur drm，“在阳光明媚的午后”是n a sunny afternn，因此整句话翻译为There’s nthing better than taking a nap in yur drm n a sunny afternn.
64. 尽管本季度金价一路飙升，但丝毫没有打消消费者对黄金饰品的购买热情。（discurage）(汉译英)
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【答案】Despite the fact that the price f gld has sared this quarter, it has nt discuraged cnsumers’ enthusiasm fr purchasing gld jewelry.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和同位语从句。陈述过去事情对现在影响，用现在完成时。“打消某事”用短语discurage sth.；“尽管本季度金价一路飙升”翻译为despite the fact that the price f gld has sared this quarter，名词fact后接that引导的同位语从句对其进行解释说明；“消费者的热情”用cnsumers’ enthusiasm，“对黄金饰品的购买”用介词+动名词结构，表示为fr purchasing gld jewelry。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Despite the fact that the price f gld has sared this quarter, it has nt discuraged cnsumers’ enthusiasm fr purchasing gld jewelry.
65. 这款角色扮演类游戏视觉效果逼真，互动体验绝佳，自发布以来便赢得了业内人士和玩家们的高度赞扬。（characterize）(汉译英)
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【答案】This rle-playing game characterizes realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience, and has wn high praise frm industry insiders and players since its release.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。根据中文提示可知，表示“这款角色扮演类游戏视觉效果逼真，互动体验绝佳”应用句子This rle-playing game characterizes realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience，其中This rle-playing game (这款角色扮演类游戏)，为主语；characterizes(使……具有特点)，为谓语，时态为一般现在时表客观情况； realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience(视觉效果逼真，互动体验绝佳)，为名词短语作宾语；表示“自发布以来便赢得了业内人士和玩家们的高度赞扬”应用句子and has wn high praise frm industry insiders and players since its release，其中has wn(赢得了)，为谓语动词，时态用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；high praise (高度赞扬)，为宾语；frm industry insiders and players(业内人士和玩家们的)，为介词短语作定语；since its release(自发布以来)，为介词短语作状语。故翻译为This rle-playing game characterizes realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience, and has wn high praise frm industry insiders and players since its release.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
66. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in n less than 150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是志越中学的学生胡一静，你校正在考虑推出数字化校园应用方案以提升学生的学习和生活体验。现有三个方案可供选择，分别是“电子图书馆”、“虚拟实验室探索”和“智能校园管理系统”。请你根据自己的兴趣和理念选择其中一个方案，并写一封建议信给冯校长，说明你的选择和理由。信件内容应包括以下方面：
1. 你选择的方案以及该方案的主要功能和特点；
2. 你选择该方案的具体理由。
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【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Headmaster Feng,
I am Hu Yijing, a student frm Zhiyue Middle Schl. I am writing t recmmend the “Virtual Lab Explratin” amng the three prpsed digital campus applicatins.
The Virtual Lab Explratin ffers interactive simulatins, creating realistic lab envirnments. It is highly accessible, allwing students t perfrm experiments anytime and anywhere. It als ensures safety by eliminating risks assciated with dangerus chemicals and equipment, and it is cst-effective.
I chse this applicatin because it enhances the learning experience by enabling cmplex experiments, deepening understanding f scientific principles. The interactive nature increases student engagement and mtivatin, making learning mre enjyable. Additinally, it prepares students fr future academic and prfessinal challenges by familiarizing them with mdern technlgy.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my prpsal. I lk frward t seeing the psitive changes it will bring t ur schl.
Sincerely,
Hu Yijing
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据自己的兴趣和理念从学校正在考虑推出数字化校园应用方案以提升学生的学习和生活体验的三个方案——“电子图书馆”、“虚拟实验室探索”和“智能校园管理系统”中选择一个方案给冯校长写一封建议信，说明自己的选择理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
允许：allw → permit
与……相关：assciated with → cnnected with
此外：additinally → besides
建议：prpsal → suggestin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The interactive nature increases student engagement and mtivatin, making learning mre enjyable.
拓展句：The interactive nature increases student engagement and mtivatin, which will make learning mre enjyable.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The Virtual Lab Explratin ffers interactive simulatins, creating realistic lab envirnments.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
【高分句型2】It als ensures safety by eliminating risks assciated with dangerus chemicals and equipment, and it is cst-effective.（运用了过去分词短语作后置定语）
A. cnstituent B. ultimately C. fancied D. functining E. game F. grave
G. prmising H. parallel I. cash J. entitled K. distinctly