2024-2025学年度英语二轮复习 运用思维导图来理解定语从句的类型与关系词的辨析
展开2024-2025学年度二轮复习 运用思维导图来理解定语从句的类型与关系词的辨析 一利用思维导图对定语从句的分类 二 定语从句的类型与关系代词与关系副词的运用关系代词引导的定语从句单句语法填空The man coat is black is waiting at the gate.Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.These book are for students mother language is not English.Please tell me from you borrowed the English novel.This is the person you are looking for.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.English is the most difficult subject you will learn during these years. The bike and its rider had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station. You should hand in all you have.二、单句语法改错。My father often tells me the things and persons whom he met in the past.He is the man from him I heard the news.The building which rooms are big and clean is our teaching building.There is not much which can be done.This is the very film which I have long wished to see.There is a boy student downstairs whom wants to see you.Is this the new novel about that you have talked so much?He kept a record of everything what he saw there.关系副词引导的定语从句一、单句语法填空Liu Xiang is retiring from the 110meterhurdle race, ending a career he became a global superstar who went beyond the sport.Carefulness, without you can't go to work well, is a kind of quality.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.I admire my head teacher. I can remember very few occasions he stopped working because of ill health.In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one they can earn money to support themselves.A wild Siberian tiger has been caught on camera eating dead livestock in Heilongjiang Province the first images of this sort were captured.单句语法改错July 1.1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.（三）翻译句子昨天我们在街上看到的那个女孩是Tom的妹妹。今天早上我们买的那条鱼不够新鲜。打破窗户的那个男孩叫Jim。上个星期我去看了在地震中失去丈夫的那位老师。我将不会忘记我们在巴黎一起度过的日子。这是林肯曾居住过的房子吗？这是我们去年参观过的房子吗？皮特失败的原因是他的懒惰。 三 高考真题中的定语从句(2021·天津卷） William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.A． from which B． in which C． with whom D． for whom(2021· 天津卷） At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.(2020·江苏卷） Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.(2020·天津卷） Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷） In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.【2019·江苏卷】 We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.【2019·天津卷】 Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.【2019·新课标 I卷 改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【2019·新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les.【2019·新课标 III 卷】They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.【2019·新课标 III 卷 改错】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【2019·浙江卷】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark.【2019·北京卷】 What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.【2019·北京卷】 The students benefitting most from college are those _____ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.(2018·全国Ⅰ )Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease.(全国 I 卷 改错） They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.(2018 全国 II)Between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program _______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(2018 浙江） Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries.(2018•北京） She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. (2018 天津） Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.(2018 江苏） Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.（2018 北京） The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.[2017天津,9]My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.[2017浙江,64]Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),47]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development (develop) of chopsticks. [2016江苏,23]Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.[2016天津,9]We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.[2015安徽,28]Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.[2015四川,3]The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us. [2015福建,34]China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. [2015天津,15]The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.[2015浙江,19]Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.[2014安徽,22]The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.[2014四川,4]Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.[2014福建,31]Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.[2014湖南,31]I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.[2013福建,27]The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.[2013山东,31]There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.[2013山东,35]Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.[2013天津,6]We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.[2013新课标全国Ⅱ,4]When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.[2013北京,27]Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.[2013浙江,13]The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 参考答案精题精练（一） whosewho/that/whomwhosewhomwho/that/whomwhosewhich/thatthatthattaht 二、单句改错。1 whom----that 2 him----whom 3 which---- whose 4 which---that 5 which---that 6 whom --- who 7 that--- which 8 what----that（二）一、1. where 2.which 3. when 4.when 5. where 6.where 二、1. when—which/that 2. holidays后加入when 3. where----which/that 4. which前加入in 或which 改成that 或/5. 去掉and 或把which改成it 6. 去掉it （三）The girl whom we saw in the street yesterday was Tom’s sister.The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh enough.The boy who broke the window is called Jim.Last week I went to see my teacher whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Paris.Is this the house where/in which Lincoln once lived?Is this the house that/which we visited last year? The reason why Peter failed was his laziness.真题实战A 考查定语从句。 句意： 威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过， 历史会告诉我们过去的错误， 我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。 分析句子可知， past mistakes 为现行词， _____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句， 从句中谓语动词 can learn 可知， 要从过去的错误中学习， learn from“从……中学习”， 可知应用 from which 引导定语从句。 故选 A。where 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 在中国艺术节上有不同的展台， 在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。 分析句子成分可知， stands 作先行词， 空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰 stands ， 从句中不缺主宾表， 故选关系副词， 先行词 stands 在从句中作地点状语， 所以应用 where。 Which 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 许多课程现在都可以在网上找到， 学生们可以从中免费选择。 此处是非限定性定语从句， 先行词是 many lessons， 关系词在从句中做介词 from 的宾语， 应使用关系代词 which引导。 whose【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了， 他现在只能自己打字。 ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago 是非限制性定语从句， 修饰 Dr. Rowan， 引导词在从句中作定语， 表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ， 应用关系代词 whose 引导该从句.whose【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 中国古代有一位画家， 他的画几乎栩栩如生。 此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist， 且先行词在从句中作定语， 故应用关系代词 whose。 故填 whose。when 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 我们已经进入到了一个时代， 在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。 句中先行词为 an age（一个时代） ， 且先行词在从句中做时间状语， 所以关系词用 when。 Where 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。 句中 she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句， 先行词是 the stage， 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语， 用关系副词 where.Where改为when 【解析】 考查定语从句。 先行词 one afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语， 所以关系词使用 when。故将 where 改为 when。 Where 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。 分析句子结构可知， 先行词为 the pet shop， 在非限制性定语从句中作 opened 一词的宾语， 故用 which。 Who 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 它们被他们的主人训练地很好， 它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 先行词为 masters（主人） ， 且从句缺主语。 故关系词填 who。what 改为 that/which 【解析】 本句考查定语从句。 先行词 environment 在从句中做主语， 指物， 关系代词用 that/which。 故把what 改为 that/which。 that/which 【解析】 考查定语从句。 这是个限制性定语从句， 先行词是 cloth， 指物， 从句中缺少主语， 因此， 可以用 that 或 which 引导。 故填 that/which。 Where 【解析】 句意： 学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学） 更重要。 这里表达去哪所大学， 表示地点， 作状语。 故用 where。who/that 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意： 从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 ____ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句， 修饰先行词 those， 空格处在句中作主语， 代指人， 故填who 或 that。 that 或 which 考查定语从句的关系词。 此处 a study 是先行词， 其在定语从句中作主语， 故填 that 或 which。 which 改成 in which 或 where 考查定语从句的关系词。 他们还有一个小池塘， 里面养着鱼。 此处 a small pond是先行词， 其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语， 故用 in which 或 where。 that 或 which 考查定语从句的关系词。 根据空后的谓语动词 gives 可知， 该空缺少主语， 指代 program 并且引导后面的句子。 指物用 that/which， 故填 that 或者 which。 that 或 who 考查定语从句的关系词。 句中包含定语从句， 先行词是 westerners 指人， 在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词 who/that 引导， 故填 who/that。 which 考查非限制性定语从句。 句意： 她和家人骑自行车去上班， 这有助于她们保持健康。 “____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句， 该从句修饰整个主句， 引导词在从句中做主语， 故该从句应用关系代词 which 引导。 whose 考查定语从句关系词。 句意： 凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。 我们在大学的时候， 我和她的姐姐共住一室。 分析句子， 句中先行词为 Kate， 在非限定性定语从句中作名词 sister 的定语， 故用关系代词 whose。 where 考查定语从句。 句意： 自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。 句中先行词为 area，在从句中作地点状语， 故用关系副词 where， 相当于 in which。 that 句意： 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。 ______ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句， 从句缺少宾语， 先行词是 problems， 用 that。whose 考查定语从句。句意:我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地,他现在在纽约。从句意和句子结构的衔接看,本空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为My eldest son,关系词在从句中作定语,因此这里用whose引导定语从句。where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the garden,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。who 分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Confucius,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。whom 考查关系代词。定语从句的先行词是young people,指人,most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该填whom。when 分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为next week,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when。which Some experts think是主句,主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句;在名词skill之后则是一个由"介词upon+关系代词"引导的定语从句,此处应填关系代词which。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。whose 句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。which 本句使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。where 句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处修饰先行词atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。which 句意:营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere,定语从句中缺少地点状语,且空处前有介词in,故只能填which。which/that 本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词,缺少宾语,关系词在从句中充当宾语,故用关系代词which/that。which 句意:直到现在,我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了50 000英镑,这很出乎意料。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子的内容,并在从句中作主语,可译为"这件事"。where 句意:学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能够获得成长的经验。where they can gain experience for growth是定语从句,修饰先行词community activities,关系词where在从句中作状语。when 句意:我盼望我的女儿能读这本书并懂得我对她的感情的那一天的到来。先行词是the day,后面是定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。whose 句意:这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角来讲述地震中发生的故事的。定语从句中的先行词是those,且空处在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose引导。 as 分析句子结构可知,该题考查非限制性定语从句,所填的词在从句中作主语,as is often the case 常被看作是一个固定搭配,意为"情况通常是这样",所以用as引导。which/that 分析句子结构可知,空处所缺词引导定语从句,修饰先行词island,并在从句中作主语,所以填which/that。which 句意:今天的报纸宣布我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此题考查非限制性定语从句,which在这里指代前面整句话的内容,且在从句中作主语。where 句意:当我到达时,Bryan带我去看了我即将居住的房子。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where来引导。where 句意:许多国家现在正在建造国家公园,动物和植物在这里可以得到保护。where animals and plants can be protected是定语从句,修饰先行词national parks,关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。where 该句中的先行词是a viewing platform,此处关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。that→which 考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句,且关系词在从句中作主语,先行词为garden,所以用关系代词which来引导该定语从句。
