专题19 阅读理解之记叙文- 2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（天津专用）

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高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。
B篇记叙文，难度略增，但仍可通过文章细节的信息匹配、同义语段替换等方式答题。
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
阅读此类文章应特别注意：
(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；
(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；
(3)若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
题型01 顺藤摸瓜
【题型诠释】
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, wh, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。
【典例】
（2023·天津滨海新·统考三模）Once, during my summer hlidays, my father was sick, but he wrked in the rice field just the same, because there was s much t d. As I lked at his thin figure, crawling (缓慢移动) ahead f me, I thught f my wn depressing future. I was tied t the land by jb after backbreaking jb, unlike ther bys wh had freedm t pursue happiness. Why were there peple in the wrld wh wuld never knw what it was like t til (苦干), and thers, like me, wh had been tiling ever since they were small bys, seasn after seasn, year after year? Why were sme peple sitting befre electric fans r in air-cnditined rms, while I was ut f breath and sweating under the blazing sun? Why was there mud and mre mud in frnt f me?
Only we farmers were willing t crawl, t assume the lwliest f psitins in rder t have a better harvest. Even a hrse, when wrking fr man, stands tall. I was suddenly cnsumed with great pity and great respect fr pr farmers, and the fcus f my attentin began t extend beynd myself and my family. This was an imprtant turning pint in my life.
While resting beside a field ne day, my brthers and I reslved t pursue useful knwledge and technlgy t help urselves and ther farmers imprve ur circumstances, and lighten ur burden f labur. This reslve gave me strength s that when I went t university, lighten ur burden f labur. This reslve gave me strength s that when I went t university, and later t the US n a schlarship, my spirit rse abve persnal hardships. Crawling in the mud had taught me t lake bleeding and sweating as part f my life, and nt t be afraid in the face f difficulties. But what was mre imprtant was that I had learned the meaning f “Yu reap what yu sw”.
Mther used t say, “Judge a man nt by his face, but by his fields.” I appreciate mre and mre the meaning f these wrds. The land is dependable, as lng as yu are willing t til n it. When the wind blew and the green rice plants mved like waves in a sea, stunningly beautiful, a deep sense f satisfactin swelled up (充满) in me.
I labured hard in the simple, islated cuntryside f my hme, and I am prud f this. Althugh later I went int academic research, I shall always remember what wrking in the rice fields taught me: plant yur feet firmly n the grund, wrk hard and yu will be rewarded.
46．What did the authr think f his jb as a farmer in Paragraph 1?
A．Unhappy but prmising.B．Free and meaningful.
C．Busy but rewarding.D．Exhausting and hpeless.
47．What mtivated the authr t change his present life?
A．The cncern fr his father’s sickness.B．His pity and respect fr pr farmers.
C．His eagerness fr knwledge and technlgy.D．His wish t have a better harvest.
48．Hw des the authr understand his mther’s wrds in Paragraph 4?
A．A man shuld be judged by his academic backgrund.
B．A man’s sense f satisfactin cmes frm the land.
C．A man willing t til in his field is bund t reap a harvest.
D．A man shuldn’t be prud f his appearance.
【答案】46．D 47．B 48．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者体验过农民的辛苦和没有未来之后，决心改变自己的生活。作者决定追求有用的知识和技术，作者上了大学，后来又获得奖学金去了美国，精神超越了个人的苦难。作者永远记得在稻田里工作教给我的：脚踏实地，努力工作就会有回报。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段“As I lked at his thin figure, crawling (缓慢移动) ahead f me, I thught f my wn depressing future. I was tied t the land by jb after backbreaking jb, unlike ther bys wh had freedm t pursue happiness. Why were there peple in the wrld wh wuld never knw what it was like t til (苦干), and thers, like me, wh had been tiling ever since they were small bys, seasn after seasn, year after year? Why were sme peple sitting befre electric fans r in air-cnditined rms, while I was ut f breath and sweating under the blazing sun? Why was there mud and mre mud in frnt f me?(当我看着他瘦弱的身影在我前面爬行时，我想到了我自己令人沮丧的未来。我在辛苦的工作之后被工作束缚在土地上，不像其他男孩有追求幸福的自由。为什么世界上有些人永远不知道劳动是什么滋味，而有些人，像我，从小就一直在劳动，一年又一年，一年又一年？为什么有人坐在电扇前或空调房里，而我却在烈日下汗流浃背，上气不接下气？为什么我面前的泥越来越多？)”可知，作者认为他的农民工作筋疲力尽，毫无希望。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据第二段“I was suddenly cnsumed with great pity and great respect fr pr farmers, and the fcus f my attentin began t extend beynd myself and my family.(我突然对贫穷的农民充满了怜悯和尊敬，我的注意力开始超越我自己和我的家庭)”可知，对贫穷农民的同情和尊重促使作者改变他现在的生活。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段“I appreciate mre and mre the meaning f these wrds. The land is dependable, as lng as yu are willing t til n it. When the wind blew and the green rice plants mved like waves in a sea, stunningly beautiful, a deep sense f satisfactin swelled up (充满) in me.(我越来越明白这句话的意思。土地是可靠的，只要你肯在上面辛勤劳动。当风吹起，绿色的水稻像大海中的波浪一样移动，美得惊人，一种深深的满足感在我心中膨胀)”可知，作者认为母亲的话告诉自己愿意在自己的田地里辛勤劳动的人，一定会有收获。故选C。
题型02 左顾右盼
【题型诠释】
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；
若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；
若是 ＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
【典例】
（2023·天津·耀华中学校考一模）My mther was never truly happy in Cnnecticut finding the winter bitter cld and the culture prvincial (偏狭的). Thugh she grew up in New Jersey, she mved t San Francisc in her early twenties, met and married my dad ut there. After I was brn, they decided t return east, clser t their wn parents. But she never let g f her lve fr the Bay Area.
Califrnia was always part f the cnversatin when I was a kid. I ate meals ff a map-f-the-wrld placemat (餐垫), and Mm taught me t identify San Francisc befre I learned where Hartfrd was. She tld us stries f perfectin n a single city, fantasizing abut retiring ut west. My dad wuld play alng, but his heart wasn’t in the same place.
While my mther’s status in the nnprfit wrld advanced, her desire t mve back t her favrite place grew strng. She applied fr jbs in the Bay, underwent bicastal Skype screenings, even traveled ut fr a cuple f interviews n a whim (心血来潮). Smetimes her cver letters disappeared, ther times she made it dwn t the final tw candidates. With each rejectin, she prmised t make her next jb applicatin even strnger.
This past May, I relcated frm San Francisc t New Yrk fr a jb. A few weeks later, Mm called me. Her pursuit had finally paid ff. She’s been ffered a vice president psitin at a public health nnprfit in Oakland. A few weeks later, she packed up her baggage and left Cnnecticut fr gd.
Our lives are mre semblable than ever these days. We’re bth discvering ur new hmes, making friends. We’re lking fr a gd yga studi t jin, reading the same bks and chatting abut the plts by text message. I emailed her phts frm my trip t Burning Man and she replied with stries abut her new cwrkers wh g every year.
There’s even time fr the ccasinal dating disaster.
Perhaps that’s the paradx (悖论) f grwing lder. Things will always change, and they can change immediately—my mther is prf. But an individual’s wn pwer t create change always stays the same. Everything can change, and therefre nthing ever really changes.
Nw when I’m ut west fr a visit, Mm meets me at a statin with her big bag. We stp by the Grand Lake farmers market, picking ut the freshest seasnal ingredients, befre hiking up the hill t her new apartment. One f these days, I’ll actually ck her dinner.
56．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A．The authr spent her childhd in Califrnia.
B．The authr’s father didn’t want t live in Califrnia.
C．The authr’s mther liked t use plates with map designs.
D．The authr’s family preferred listening t stries f the west.
57．What can we knw abut the authr’s mther?
A．She always likes t struggle n her wn.
B．She wns a public health nnprfit cmpany.
C．Nthing can stp her frm reaching her gal.
D．She takes everything f her daughter n herself.
【答案】56．B 57．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲是一个有着坚定意志力的人，总是努力去实现自己的目标，最终实现了去加利福尼亚定居的梦想。
56．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She tld us stries f perfectin n a single city, fantasizing abut retiring ut west. My dad wuld play alng, but his heart wasn’t in the same place.(她给我们讲在一个城市生活得很完美的故事，幻想着退休后去西部生活。我爸爸也会配合，但他的心并不在同一个地方。)”可知，作者的爸爸不想去加州定居。故选B。
57．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With each rejectin, she prmised t make her next jb applicatin even strnger.(每次被拒绝后，她都承诺会让自己的下一份工作申请更加有力。)”以及第四段“Her pursuit had finally paid ff. She’s been ffered a vice president psitin at a public health nnprfit in Oakland.(她的追求终于得到了回报。奥克兰一家公共卫生非营利组织向她提供了一个副总裁的职位。)”可知，作者的母亲是一个意志坚定的人，不达目标绝不放弃，没有什么能阻止她实现自己的目标。故选C。
题型03 刨根问底
【题型诠释】
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred frm …?＂或是What des the authr imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
【典例】
（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）When I was little, my dad wuld let me sit beside him n the prch while he painted. He wuld tell me hw the cw by itself is just a cw, and the meadw by itself is just grass and flwers, and the sun peeking thrugh the trees is just a beam f light, but put them all tgether and yu’ve gt magic.
I understd what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until ne day when I was up in the sycamre tree t rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a lng way up, but I thught I’d give it a sht. I started climbing. Then I lked dwn. And suddenly I gt dizzy and weak. I was miles ff the grund! But the kite was still beynd my reach. I caught my breath and frced myself t cncentrate n the kite as I climbed up.
When I had the kite free, I needed a minute t rest. That’s when the fear f being up s high began t lift, and in its place came the mst amazing feeling that I was flying. Just saring abve the earth, sailing amng the cluds.
Then I began t ntice hw wnderful the breeze (微风) smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I culdn’t stp breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever knwn.
I never gt ver the view. I kept thinking f what it felt like t be up s high in that tree. I wanted t see it, t feel it, again. And again.
It wasn’t lng befre I wasn’t afraid f being up s high and fund the spt that became my spt. I culd sit there fr hurs, just lking ut at the wrld. Sunsets were amazing. Sme days they’d be purple and pink, sme days they’d be an range, setting fire t cluds acrss the hrizn.
It was n a day like that when my father’s ntin (观念) mved frm my head t my heart. The view frm my tree was mre than rftps and cluds and wind and clrs cmbined.
And I started marveling (惊奇) at hw I was feeling bth humble and majestic. Hw was that pssible? Hw culd I be s full f peace and full f wnder?
It was magic.
23．The authr’s climbing experience was .
A．unusual but painful
B．adventurus but rewarding
C．cmpetitive and imaginative
D．well-planned and interesting
25．What message des the authr want t cnvey?
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Psitive actin leads t happiness.
C．Beautiful things dn’t ask fr attentin.
D．The whle is greater than the sum f its parts.
【答案】 23．B 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者爬梧桐树取回风筝的时候，偶然看到了神奇的景色，由此领悟了爸爸说过的整体大于各部分的总和的道理。
23．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It was a lng way up, but I thught I’d give it a sht. I started climbing. Then I lked dwn. And suddenly I gt dizzy and weak. I was miles ff the grund! (这是一条很长的路，但我想我应该试一试。我开始爬。然后我往下看。突然间，我感到头晕和虚弱。我离地好几英里了)”、第三段中“That’s when the fear f being up s high began t lift, and in its place came the mst amazing feeling that I was flying. (就在这时，对爬得这么高的恐惧开始消失，取而代之的是一种最奇妙的感觉，那就是我在飞翔)”和第四段中“Then I began t ntice hw wnderful the breeze (微风) smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! (然后我开始注意到微风的气味是多么美妙。它好像阳光、野草和雨水)”可知，作者一开始爬的时候，因为爬得高而觉得很害怕，后来恐惧感消失了，她开始享受这种飞翔的感觉，感受微风的气味。由此可知，她爬树的经历是冒险但值得的。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“When I was little, my dad wuld let me sit beside him n the prch while he painted. He wuld tell me hw the cw by itself is just a cw, and the meadw by itself is just grass and flwers, and the sun peeking thrugh the trees is just a beam f light, but put them all tgether and yu’ve gt magic. (当我还小的时候，我爸爸在画画时，会让我在门廊上坐着，靠在他旁边。他会告诉我，奶牛本身只是一头奶牛，草地本身只是草和花，从树丛中透出的阳光只是一束光，但把它们放在一起，你就有了魔力)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者爬梧桐树取回风筝的经历，她在爬到高处的时候，看到了神奇的景色，由此领悟了爸爸之前对她说过的整体大于各部分的总和的道理。由此可知，作者想要表达的是“整体大于各部分的总和”。故选D项。
题型04 拨云见日
【题型诠释】
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
解题注意事项
1.必须通读全文，不可遗漏任何信息，每一段落相互关联；
2.文章结尾处通常是中心主旨所在处，必须精读；
3.注意文章中的各种人物关系（主要人物关系/次要人物关系）。
【典例】
（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）When I was 12 years ld, I already knew that my teen years were ging t be the wrst years f my life. I was a ttal utsider, bullied (欺凌) at schl. I felt cmpletely alne in my small twn.
But by starting t d vlunteer wrk when I was 14, I turned my prblem int a passin fr helping thers. The pprtunity t practice kindness made me feel like my life had a greater purpse. The mre psitive energy I shared, the mre kindness and appreciatin I received. I realized that my purpse in life wuld be t reach ut t peple, specifically teenagers, and help them feel less alne.
Bks were my true friends back then. I was s thankful that the authrs wrte thse bks. The kindness they ffered me with their bks saved my life. One f my biggest dreams was t becme an authr s I culd write bks that wuld help ther teenagers the way thse bks helped me.
After surviving terrible experiences at schl and at hme, I made a chice t take the ptimistic, psitive rad in the next steps f my jurney. My dream career, ne I thught was nly pssible fr the authrs I lved, is what I am ding nw. I have been a full-time authr f teen nvels since 2007 and am grateful fr this amazing pprtunity t reach ut t readers every single day.
Kindness saved me when I needed help the mst. Even small acts f kindness can change smene’s life. Yu never knw what smene else is ging thrugh. But by practicing daily kindness, yu becme an architect f psitive change.
29．What des the authr suggest readers d in the last paragraph?
A．Say “n” t bullies bravely.B．Make psitive changes in their lives.
C．Treat thers with kindness in daily life.D．Learn t care mre abut thers’ feelings.
30．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The authr live alne in her small twn.B．Bks can save everyne’s life.
C．Kindness can change smene’s life.D．Terrible experiences wuld make a persn feel mre alne.
【答案】29．C 30．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己参加志愿活动的经历，告诉人们：一次小善举可能改变一个人的一生。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yu never knw what smene else is ging thrugh. But by practicing daily kindness, yu becme an architect f psitive change.(你永远不知道别人在经历什么。但是通过每天练习善良，你会成为积极改变的建筑师)”可推知，作者建议我们在日常生活中善待他人。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Kindness saved me when I needed help the mst. Even small acts f kindness can change smene’s life.(善良在我最需要帮助的时候拯救了我。即使是小小的善举也能改变一个人的生活)”可推知，我们能从文章中了解到善良可以改变一个人的生活。故选C项。
【高考真题】
（2023·天津·统考高考真题）One freezing mrning last February, I walked thrugh Ontari Place. Trees were frsted sculptures. Large chunks f ice flated in the lake. Then I saw a grup f peple in bathing suits buncing up and dwn in the water. They held hands, shuting and yelling int the sky. They lked and sunded s free.
I’ve always fund cld water thrilling. The shck f it is like pressing a switch. It seems t reset my bdy and sul.
And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I wke up mst mrnings with a dull, grey feeling as I frced myself ut f bed t start the day. I needed smething t cheer myself up, but I didn’t knw what, until that day.
The ice warrirs (勇士) emerged frm the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each ther. I called ut: “Yu guys are awesme!” One wman waved back, “Cme and jin us! We’ re here every Mnday mrning.”
The night befre my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervus. Cld water was ne thing, but this icy lake was a whle ther level. Shuld I back ut? Eventually, I gt up in the dark and drve t the meeting spt.
After sme wild warm up, I charged int the lake alng with thers. We yelled int the sky. Teeth chattering heart rates slwing, fingers and tes ging numb (麻木), we stayed there fr smewhere between tw and five minutes. Knwing it was my first time, peple cheered me n. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cld, but I culdn’t remember the last time I’d felt s happy.
Nw I g dipping almst every day, and I’ve cme t lng fr that mment when the cld becmes a secnd skin and my internal vice ges silent. Apart frm the thrill f thse first heart-stpping dives, which, irnically, saved me frm ging under, what has drawn me is this cmmunity f generus, pen-hearted suls.
We laughed tgether, ften, but frm the stries we’ve shared abut urselves, I knw I’m nt the nly ne wh faces life’s challenges. Hlding hands in the freezing lake, we lked ut fr each ther last winter and will d s thrugh this ne.
It wn’t fix everything in ur lives—but fr sme reasn, it helps. At the end f each sessin I return hme feeling strnger, lighter, mre able t carry n. As anther winter sets in, I’m mre than ready t embrace the cld again.
1．When the authr saw the peple in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________
A．nervusB．amazed
C．frightenedD．calm
2．Why did the authr think f jining the swimmers?
A．T expand her scial circle.B．T lift her spirits again.
C．T adapt t the cld weather.D．T prepare fr a new career
3．What can be learnt abut the authr’s first dipping?
A．She hesitated a bit befre ging.
B．She suffered frm a heart prblem.
C．She stayed in cld water t lng.
D．She regretted nt ding enugh warm up.
4．What change has cld water swimming brught abut in the authr?
A．She is mre intelligent.
B．She gets mre cmpetitive.
C．She becmes a better stryteller.
D．She regains her inner peace.
5．What message des the authr mst likely want t cnvey?
A．Severe cld builds up character
B．Grup wisdm brightens ur life.
C．Tackling the dds tgether cures.
D．Ding sprts prmtes friendship.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在冰冷的湖中潜泳的经历，并且分享了参与这个活动的人们所带来的快乐和支持。通过这个经历，作者能够重新调整和振作起来，带着更强大的力量面对生活中的挑战。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Then I saw a grup f peple in bathing suits buncing up and dwn in the water. They held hands, shuting and yelling int the sky. They lked and sunded s free. (然后我看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里跳上跳下。他们手牵着手，对着天空大喊大叫。他们看起来很自由，听起来也很自由。)”以及第二段“I’ve always fund cld water thrilling. The shck f it is like pressing a switch. It seems t reset my bdy and sul. (我一直觉得冰冷的水让人兴奋。它的冲击感就像按下一个按钮。似乎它能够重新调整我的身体和灵魂)”和第四段“The ice warrirs (勇士) emerged frm the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each ther. I called ut: “Yu guys are awesme!” (冰勇士们从湖中冒出来，浑身冒着热气。他们颤抖着，但仍然笑着，互相拥抱着。我喊道：“你们太棒了!”)”可知，冷水让作者兴奋，她看到湖中的人，觉得他们太棒了，所以感觉是惊讶的。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I wke up mst mrnings with a dull, grey feeling as I frced myself ut f bed t start the day. I needed smething t cheer myself up, but I didn’t knw what, until that day. (去年冬天，我确实需要重新调整一下。大多数早晨，当我强迫自己下床开始新的一天时，我都是带着一种沉闷、灰暗的感觉醒来的。我需要一些东西让自己振作起来，但我不知道是什么，直到那天。)”可知，作者去年冬天，整个人很沮丧，需要一些东西让自己振作起来，所以想加入游泳。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The night befre my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervus. Cld water was ne thing, but this icy lake was a whle ther level. Shuld I back ut? Eventually, I gt up in the dark and drve t the meeting spt. (第一次泡澡的前一天晚上，我既兴奋又紧张。冷水是一回事，但这个冰湖完全是另一回事。我应该退出吗?最后，我在黑暗中起床，驱车前往会面地点。)”可知，作者第一次尝试冬泳前，她犹豫了一下。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Nw I g dipping almst every day, and I’ve cme t lng fr that mment when the cld becmes a secnd skin and my internal vice ges silent. (现在我几乎每天都去游泳，我已经开始渴望那一刻，当寒冷成为我的第二层皮肤，我内心的声音安静下来。)”可知，冷水游泳使作者恢复了内心的平静。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Apart frm the thrill f thse first heart-stpping dives, which, irnically, saved me frm ging under, what has drawn me is this cmmunity f generus, pen-hearted suls. (具有讽刺意味的是，第一次潜水的惊险刺激使我免于沉入海底，但吸引我的是这个慷慨、心胸开阔的社区)”，倒数第二段“We laughed tgether, ften, but frm the stries we’ve shared abut urselves, I knw I’m nt the nly ne wh faces life’s challenges. Hlding hands in the freezing lake, we lked ut fr each ther last winter and will d s thrugh this ne. (我们经常一起笑，但从我们分享的故事中，我知道我不是唯一一个面临生活挑战的人。去年冬天，我们手牵着手在冰冷的湖面上守望着彼此，今年也将如此。)”以及最后一段“It wn’t fix everything in ur lives—but fr sme reasn, it helps. At the end f each sessin I return hme feeling strnger, lighter, mre able t carry n. As anther winter sets in, I’m mre than ready t embrace the cld again. (它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。每次游泳结束后，我回到家，感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去。又一个冬天来临了，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。)”可知，作者最想传达的信息是，冬泳让自己感到惊险刺激，但是真正吸引作者的是和社区的人分享故事，一起面对生活的困难，互相鼓励，让自己感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去，所以是一起解决问题治愈人心。故选C项。
（2023·天津·统考高考真题）I lked thrugh the windw f the charming little vilin shp, and my heart began t race.
I'd been ut t dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided t walk hme frm the restaurant. I had traveled that way befre, yet I had never nticed that ld little shp. But that night I felt drawn t the vilin shp the mment I came acrss it.
I wiped the dirt frm the windw t get a better lk inside. Several vilins hung frm the dark walls, quietly waiting t be chsen. As my eyes rested n them, I felt as thugh I were lking thrugh a windw int my wn past.
My childhd was all abut the pursuits I had attempted, mst f which had been chsen by Mm. She was like, “Jin the swim team, Tara. Yur sister is a gd swimmer;surely yu will be, t. ”What she refused t acknwledge, hwever, was that I was visibly afraid f water.
Every Saturday I begged Mm nt t make me g t the swim meet, but had little chance f success. That said, with a bang f the starting gun, I wuld dive int the cld water with all my strength and swim t the ther side f the pl as fast as I culd, nly t find that the ther swimmers slid past me. I wuld have given it up if I had nt heard my father's encuraging shuts t cheer me n. When at last my hand wuld grab the edge f the pl, he wuld always be there with a warm, dry twel, telling me hw prud he was f my desperate effrts.
Then came a turning pint in my life the day ur schl rchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demnstratin. The drums annyed me. The flutes(笛子)bred me. But the vilin…ah, the vilin. It made the sweetest sund I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing alng with its flwing tune. Fr the first time in my life, I went s wild with jy.
Tightly hlding the permissin slip frm the rchestra directr, I ran all the way hme after schl, and shakily handed it t my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mm was thrilled t see me finally excited abut smething, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the vilin with great passin, and rse quickly in ability. Befre lng I had wn the first seat in the cmmunity rchestra …
6．What did the sight f the vilins in that little shp bring t Tara's mind?
A．Her miserable past.
B．An unfrgettable sprt event.
C．The stries behind the vilins.
D．Her childhd memry.
7．What Dad did fr Tara during the swimming cmpetitin implies that he is ________.
A．mindless and bad-tempered
B．caring and supprtive
C．strict and demanding
D．tlerant and sympathetic
8．What fascinated Tara during her schl rchestra's demnstratin?
A．The tune f the flutes.
B．The beat f the drums.
C．The sund f the vilin.
D．The manner f the musicians.
9．What enabled Tara t win the first seat in the cmmunity rchestra?
A．The steady imprvement in her taste.
B．Her strng desire fr success.
C．Her natural gift fr music.
D．The rapid prgress in her ability.
10．What message des Tara's stry cnvey?
A．It's never t yung t learn.
B．A passinate interest wrks wnders.
C．Hard wrk will pay ff in the lng run.
D．Like mther, like daughter.
【答案】6．D 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。
6．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested n them, I felt as thugh I were lking thrugh a windw int my wn past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhd was all abut the pursuits I had attempted, mst f which had been chsen by Mm. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I wuld have given it up if I had nt heard my father's encuraging shuts t cheer me n. When at last my hand wuld grab the edge f the pl, he wuld always be there with a warm, dry twel, telling me hw prud he was f my desperate effrts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。
8．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the vilin…ah, the vilin. It made the sweetest sund I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing alng with its flwing tune. Fr the first time in my life, I went s wild with jy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the vilin with great passin, and rse quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。
（2022·天津·高考真题）I’m an 18-year-ld pre-medical student, tall and gd-lking, with tw shrt stry bks and quite a number f essays t my credit. Why am I singing such praises f myself? Just t explain that the attainment f self-pride cmes frm a great deal f self-lve, and t attain it, ne must first learn t accept neself as ne is. That was where my struggle began.
Brn and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African rigin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had t relcate t Nrway, where I attended a high schl. Cmpared t all the white girls arund me, with their glden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nse ften had a thin sheet f sweat n it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted t bury myself in my shell crying “I’m s different!”
What als cntributed t my self-dislike was my ccasinal stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-cnfidence. It always std between me and any fine pprtunity. I’d taken it as an excuse t avid any public speaking sessins, and unknwingly let it rule ver me.
Frtunately, as I grew lder, there came a turning pint. One day a white girl caught my eye n the schl bus when she suddenly turned back. T my astnishment, she had a thin sheet f sweat n her nse t, and it was in Nvember! “Ww,” I whispered t myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disrder after all. It’s perfectly nrmal.” Days later, my life tk an-ther twist(转折). Searching the internet fr stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famus peple as Isaac Newtn and Winstn Churchill als stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shuldn’t allw my stuttering t stand between me and my success.
Anther bst t my self-cnfidence came days later as I was watching the news abut Oprah Winfrey, the famus talk shw hst and writer—she’s black t! Whenever I think f her stry and my frmer dislike f my clr, I’m practically filled with shame.
Tday, I’ve grwn t accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling f uniqueness. The idea f self-lve has taken n a whle new meaning fr me: there’s always smething fantastic abut us, and what we need t d is learn t appreciate it.
11．What affected the authr’s adjustment t her schl life in Nrway？
A．Her appearance
B．Scial discriminatin.
C．Her changing emtins.
D．The climate in Nrway.
12．What did the authr’s ccasinal stuttering bring abut accrding n Paragraph 3?
A．Her lack f self-cnfidence.
B．Her lss f interest in schl.
C．Her unwillingness t greet her classmates.
D．Her desire fr chances t imprve herself.
13．Hw did the authr feel n nticing the similarity between her and the girl n the bus?
A．Blessed and prud.
B．Cnfused and afraid.
C．Amazed and relieved.
D．Shcked and ashamed.
14．What lessn did the authr learn frm the cases f Newtn and Churchill?
A．Great minds speak alike.
B．Stuttering is n barrier t success.
C．Wisdm cunts mre than hard wrk.
D．Famus peple can’t live with their weaknesses.
15．What can best summarize the message cntained in the passage?
A．Pride cmes befre a fall.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Self-acceptance is based n the lve fr neself.
D．Self-lve is key t the attainment f self-pride.
【答案】11．A 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。
11．推理判断题。根据文中第二段“Cmpared t all the white girls arund me, with their glden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nse ften had a thin sheet f sweat n it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted t bury myself in my shell crying “I’m s different!”(与我周围所有有着金色头发和精致嘴唇的白人女孩相比，我，一个黑人女孩，有着卷曲的头发和饱满的红唇。无论天气如何，我的鼻子上经常有一层薄薄的汗水。我只想把自己埋在壳里哭着“我太不一样了！”)”可知，作者的外表与其他的孩子不同，这使得作者不容易适应学校的生活。故选A项。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What als cntributed t my self-dislike was my ccasinal stuttering(口吃), which had weakened my self-cnfidence.(导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。)”可知，作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。文中第四段提到“T my astnishment, she had a thin sheet f sweat n her nse t, and it was in Nvember!(令我惊讶的是，她的鼻子上也有薄薄的汗水，而且是在十一月！)”可知，作者见到小女孩儿感到很惊讶，根据句子中““Ww,” I whispered t myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disrder after all. It’s perfectly nrmal.”(“哇，”我低声对自己说，“这毕竟不是遗传疾病。这很正常。”)”可知，作者此刻感到很放松。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shuldn’t allw my stuttering t stand between me and my success.(我大大地松了一口气，然后一个想法突然出现在我脑海中——如果我聪明，我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。)”可知,作者意识到口吃不应该是自己成功的障碍。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Just t explain that he attainment f self-pride cmes frm a great deal f self-lve, and t attain it, ne must first learn t accept neself as ne is. That was where my struggle began.(只是为了解释他获得自尊来自大量的自爱，而要获得它，一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我挣扎开始的地方。)”可知，本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊，首先要自爱。故选D项。
（2021·天津·高考真题）When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language. Having said that, I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr. It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing. With sme encuragement frm my clleagues, I had ne f my pems published. This bit f success, hwever, was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978, I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning, teaching freshman cmpsitin. Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns. I cmpsed my lectures n the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut, I decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time. My alarm was set fr 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway. I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken. This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun. was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if ifs the nly way.
16．What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A．Her strng wish t share.
B．Her keen interest in writing.
C．Her urgent need t make a living.
D．Her passinate desire fr fame.
17．What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A．She was t exhausted t write after a busy day.
B．She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
C．She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D．She was unsure abut her writing skills.
18．Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A．In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.
B．In case she failed t hear the ringing.
C．T frce herself ut f bed.
D．T wake up her family.
19．Hw did the authr manage t finish her nvel?
A．By sticking t writing every mrning.
B．By writing when her mind was mst active.
C．By drawing inspiratins frm classic nvels.
D．By reducing her teaching hurs at schl.
20．What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A．It is never t late t change yur jb.
B．Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C．A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
D．Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writing.
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language.”当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway.”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。
（2020·天津·高考真题）“They tell me that yu’d like t make a statue(塑像) f me-is that crrect, Miss Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. Asking a favr f the President f the United States was n casual matter, especially fr a seventeen-year-ld girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wuldn’t have du ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincln smiled. “Painters, sculptrs-they’ve all tried t make the best f this rdinary face, but I’m afraid there’s nt much hpe. What did yu have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Befre Vinnie culd say yes, the President hurried n, a shade f aplgy in his vice.
“Of curse-I shuldn’t have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size. “
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she lked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small des nt mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was brn in the cuntry f Wiscnsin. I’ve driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend t d!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her shw f spirit. “Srry, madam, I have underestimated yu as I didn’t knw yur backgrund.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bny fingers, in thught. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself.”
Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”
The President seemed t cnsider her idea seriusly. He gt up and shk Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that yu are a talented yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well. I cannt make my decisin immediately, but yu will hear frm me sn.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitatin frm the President.
21．What gave Vinnie cnfidence t make her request f President Lincln?
A．Her aggressive persnality.
B．Mr. Mills’s encuraging remark.
C．President Lincln’s gentle vice.
D．Her interest in a challenging jb.
22．Hw did President Lincln first respnd t Vinnie’s request?
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Dubtful.
23．Vinnie cnfirmed her ability t make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A．her experience frm ther prjects
B．her inncent childhd in the cuntry
C．the heavy labr she had dne befre
D．the skill she picked up in Wiscnsin
24．Vinnie wanted t chse the crner near the windws t ______.
A．achieve effects f natural lighting
B．keep all her tls within easy reach
C．bserve the President at a right angle
D．avid disturbing the president’s wrk
25．What message des the stry cnvey?
A．A strng-willed sul can reach his gal.
B．Experience helps t prmte excellence.
C．Ups and dwns make ne strng.
D．Devtin requires enthusiasm.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wuldn't have dared t ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of curse- I shuldn't have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I've driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend t d!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。
（2020·天津·高考真题）One f the mst stressful days f Susan McFrederick’s life was watching her sn get wheeled away fr surgery hurs after he was brn in 2011.
But after the peratin, Susan burst int tears fr a different reasn: acrss the cut n their newbrn sns back was a sweet winter scene, hand-drawn n his bandages（绷带）.
“There were rlling hills f snw, a pine tree and a snwman with a hat and brm, she recalled. It was extremely tuching and cmfrting t knw that smebdy had taken the time t d that fr my family. It was a mment I'll never frget.”
Susan sn learned the artist was her sns surgen, Rbert Parry, wh discvered anther way t use his hands in the mid-1980 s during his internship（实习期）at children's medical center. where he saw ne f his clleagues cut ut heart and shark shapes t decrate children’s bandages.
“My first reactin was, 'What is he ding? Hey, that’s kind f neat,’ ” Parry recalled. “I especially liked the reactins f the parents and the patients when they saw his artwrk. The smiles tk everyne's attentin frm the surgery. Then I decided t fllw suit.”
Parry quickly graduated frm his early hearts and sharks, and started t surprise families with drawings that captured yung patients' persnalities. Frm Snpy t Spider-Man and bears t butterflies, there isn’t much he hasn’t drawn. Mst kids want superheres sprts team lgs r princesses, while babies ften receive scenes with flwers trees and sea creatures During the last 30 years, Parry estimates he has left examples f his handiwrk ver the stitches（伤口缝线） f mre than 10, 000 children.
“During a time f stress fr families, it's nice t be able t help them smile and laugh," Parry said. This is smething psitive that I can d fr them, which is what I like mst abut it.”
Fr Parry, the reward is knwing he hpefully made a difference in a child’s life, and except fr his drawings n bandages, they can g n and live their lives and never knw I was in it.” he said.
He's nt ready t retire, but he's fund a new hbby t keep his hands skillful in the years t cme.
“I've taken up knitting（编织）,” Parry said. “Hats, sweaters, glves---I enjy it all. But mstly, I enjy giving everything away.”
26．Susan burst int tears after her baby's peratin because she was__________.
A．mvedB．amused
C．stressedD．heartbrken
27．Hw did Parry get the idea f decrating children's bandages?
A．He was mtivated by his patients.
B．He was inspired by his clleague.
C．He was required t learn the skill during his internship.
D．He was encuraged by Susan t shw his genius fr art.
28．Parry's artwrks during the last 30 years shw that he__________.
A．devted himself mre t art than t medicine.
B．knew mre abut his patients than their parents.
C．tk int cnsideratin the tastes f individual patients.
D．created a large number f wrks beynd his expectatins.
29．What des Parry expect t achieve with his artwrks?
A．T get a reward frm the artistic circle.
B．T win the admiratin f his clleagues.
C．T make a difference in his dull medical career.
D．T lift the spirits f his patients and their parents.
30．What can we learn abut Parry frm the last tw paragraphs f the passage?
A．He is eager t shw thers his new skills.
B．He enjys trying new ways t help thers.
C．He is lking frward t life after retirement.
D．He is mre interested in knitting than drawing.
【答案】26．A 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了Rbert Parry通过手绘装饰儿童绷带的方法，在家庭面临压力的时候，帮助病人和他们的父母微笑和大笑来鼓舞他们的故事。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段But after the peratin, Susan burst int tears fr a different reasn acrss the cut n their newbrn sn's back was a sweet winter scene hand-drawn n his bandages ( 但手术后，苏珊因另一个原因哭了起来，在他们刚出生的儿子的背上，伤口上是一个甜蜜的冬天场景，手绘在他的绷带上)和第三段It was extremely tuching and cmfrting t knw that smebdy had taken the time t d that fr my family.(知道有人花了时间为我的家人做这件事，我感到非常感动和安慰。)可知手术后, Susan却因为另一个原因哭了起来,因为她刚出生的儿子背上的伤口上，是一幅在绷带上手绘的温馨的冬季景象。由此判断出，她被医生的爱心感动, 故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第四段Rbert Parry, wh discvered anther way t use his hands in the mid 1980 s during his internship (实习期)at a children medical center, where he saw ne f his clleagues cut ut heart and shark shapes t decrate children' s bandages.和第五段 I especially liked the reactins f the parents and the patients when they saw his artwrk. The smiles tk everyne' s attentin frm the surgery. Then I decided t fllw suit.可知，Rbert Parry80年代中期在儿童医学中心实习期间，看到了一位同事剪心和鲨鱼形状装饰孩子的绷带。他尤其喜欢病人和父母看到他的作品时的反应，因为笑容能把大家的注意力从手术上转移开。然后 Rbert Parry决定这样做。由此可知 Rbert Parry有装饰儿童绷带的想法是受同事的启发。故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据第六段Parry quickly graduated frm his early hearts and sharks, and started t surprise families with drawings that captured yung patients' persnalities.和Mst kids want superheres sprts team lgs r princesses, while babies ften receive scenes with flwers trees and sea creatures.可知Parry用绘画捕捉年轻病人的个性，给家人带来惊喜。大多数孩子想要超级英雄运动队的标志或公主，,而婴儿经常收到鲜花、树木和海洋生物的场景。由此推知 Parry 在过去30年的艺术作品考虑到了个别病人的口味。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段I especially liked the reactins f the parents and the patients when they saw his artwrk. The smiles tk everyne's attentin frm the surgery. Then I decided t fllw suit.和第七段" During a time f stress fr families, it's nice t be able t help them smile and laugh, "Parry said. "This is smething psitive that I can d fr them, which is what I like mst abut it.可知 Rbert Parry决定这样做，他喜欢病人和父母看到他的作品时的反应，因为笑容能把大家的注意力从手术上转移开。在家庭面临压力的时候，能够帮助他们微笑和大笑是很好的。由此判断出，Parry希望做积极的事情来鼓舞病人和他们的父母。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据最后两段中he's fund a new hbby t keep his hands skillful和 I enjy giving everything away.可知Parry发现了新的爱好来保持他的手熟练，并把编织的所有东西送人。由此判断出,他喜欢尝试新方法来帮助别人。故选B。
（2018·天津·统考高考真题）With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence f her English essay abut ne f her heres, Rsa Parks, an imprtant figure in the Civil Rights Mvement.
“Keisha,” her mther shuted frm dwnstairs. “It’s almst 4:15.”
“Dn’t wrry. I wn’t be late. ” Keisha pulled dwn a strybk frm her bkshelf， as she always read t the nursing hme’s residents. And n an impulse（一时心血来潮）, she added her English ntebk as well.
As Keisha came running in the dr, the manager tld her, “We have a new resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watsn. She’s still adjusting t her new surrundings. Yu’ll find her in Rm 28. And by the way, Keisha, gd luck.”
Keisha walked dwn the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Rm 28, she met tw sharp brwn eyes staring at her dubtfully.
“I’m Keisha Jacksn, a vlunteer,” Keisha explained. “I cme here t help pass the time with residents, r read t them, r, . . .” Keisha started stammering（结巴）as Mrs.
Watsn cntinued t stare at her.
“I didn’t request anyne t keep me cmpany,” Mrs. Watsn interrupted. “I’m alne mst f the time, and that’s hw I prefer it.”
“I brught alng sme funny stries,” Keisha said hesitantly.
“I’m nt in the md fr funny stries,” Mrs. Watsn replied angrily. “What else d yu have?”
Nervusly, Keisha pened her ntebk t her essay. She read the title alud, “Rsa
Parks: A Wman f Curage and Cnvictin（信念）.” She glanced at Mrs. Watsn t see hw she might react, but t her surprise, Mrs. Watsn’s face relaxed and her eyes shne.
“Read t me abut Rsa,” Mrs. Watsn said.
Keisha read hw Rsa Parks’ refusal t give up her seat t a white passenger n a bus in 1955 inspired the prtest that became a turning pint in the struggle fr civil rights.
“I walked with Rsa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watsn said with pride. “That was the greatest mment f my life because…” She paused.
“Because… yu were a wman f curage and cnvictin t.”
Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watsn said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank yu fr reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell yu my stry.”
31．Why did Keisha take her English ntebk alng?
A．Her mther asked her t take it.B．She wuld hand it in n her way.
C．She might read her essay t smene.D．The manager wanted t read her essay.
32．Why did the manager wish Keisha gd luck befre she visited Mrs. Watsn?
A．Mrs. Watsn culd be difficult.B．Mrs. Watsn was in pr health.
C．Keisha was feeling nervus.D．Keisha was a shy persn.
33．Mrs. Watsn’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was ______.
A．amusedB．puzzled
C．annyedD．interested
34．What effect did Keisha’s essay have n Mrs. Watsn?
A．It arused her curisity in vlunteer wrk.
B．It built up her expectatin fr mre visitrs.
C．It awke her pride in her struggle fr civil rights.
D．It changed her attitude t the Civil Rights Mvement.
35．Readers may find this stry inspiring because ______.
A．a girl enjys learning abut her heresB．a girl helps smene feel appreciated
C．a wman vercmes hardship by herselfD．a wman gathers the curage fr life
【答案】31．C 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了Keisha 与Mrs. Watsn 之间的故事。
31．细节理解题，由第一段“ And n an impulse（一时心血来潮）, she added her English ntebk as well.”一时心血来潮，她拿上了英语笔记本。以及第十段“Nervusly, Keisha pened her ntebk t her essay. She read the title alud.”可知， Keisha紧张地把笔记翻到她写的文章。她大声地朗读着标题。所以为什么凯莎带着她的英语笔记本是因为她可能会把她的文章读给别人听。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。由第三段“She’s still adjusting t her new surrundings.”她还在适应新环境。以及第九段“I didn’t request anyne t keep me cmpany,” Mrs. Watsn interrupted. “I’m alne mst f the time, and that’s hw I prefer it.”我没有要求任何人陪我，” Mrs. Watsn打断了她的话。“我大部分时间都是一个人，这就是我喜欢的方式。由此判断出为什么经理在Keisha拜访Mrs. Watsn之前祝她好运是因为 Mrs. Watsn 可能很难相处。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。由第十段“She glanced at Mrs. Watsn t see hw she might react, but t her surprise, Mrs. Watsn’s face relaxed and her eyes shne. Read t me abut Rsa,” Mrs. Watsn said.”她瞥了Mrs. Watsn一眼，想看看她会有什么反应，但出乎意料的是，Mrs. Watsn的脸放松了，眼睛闪闪发光。“给我讲讲罗莎，” Mrs. Watsn说。由此判断出Mrs. Watsn的眼睛表明她很感兴趣。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。由第十二段“I walked with Rsa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watsn said with pride. “That was the greatest mment f my life because…” She paused.”可知，我和罗莎·帕克斯和马丁·路德·金博士一起散步,Mrs. Watsn骄傲地说。“那是我一生中最伟大的时刻因为”她停顿了一会。所以Keisha的文章唤起了Mrs. Watsn为争取公民权利而斗争的自豪感。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。由第三段“She’s still adjusting t her new surrundings.”她还在适应新环境。以及第九段“I didn’t request anyne t keep me cmpany,” Mrs. Watsn interrupted. “I’m alne mst f the time, and that’s hw I prefer it.”我没有要求任何人陪我，”Mrs. Watsn打断了她的话。“我大部分时间都是一个人，这就是我喜欢的方式。可知，Mrs. Watsn 是个很难相处的人，再由第十二段“I walked with Rsa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watsn said with pride. “That was the greatest mment f my life because…” She paused.”可知，我和罗莎·帕克斯和马丁·路德·金博士一起散步”Mrs. Watsn骄傲地说。“那是我一生中最伟大的时刻因为”她停顿了一会。可知，Keisha的文章这唤起了Mrs. Watsn为争取公民权利而斗争的自豪感。所以判断出读者可能会觉得这个故事很鼓舞人心，是因为一个女孩能帮助别人感到被重视。故选B项。
【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。
由第三段“She’s still adjusting t her new surrundings.”她还在适应新环境。以及第九段“I didn’t request anyne t keep me cmpany,” Mrs. Watsn interrupted. “I’m alne mst f the time, and that’s hw I prefer it.”我没有要求任何人陪我，” Mrs. Watsn打断了她的话。“我大部分时间都是一个人，这就是我喜欢的方式。由此判断出为什么经理在Keisha拜访 Mrs. Watsn之前祝她好运是因为 Mrs. Watsn 可能很难相处。故选A项。
（2019·天津·高考真题）An unpleasant smell flated int my nse as the bwl f fried stinky tfu（臭豆腐） settled nt my grandmther’s dinner table. I immediately sat back. The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away.
“It’s suppsed t stink. Just give it a try!” my grandmther said.
Hlding my breath, I unwillingly tk a bite. T my surprise, the tfu beneath the fried skin was warm, sft, and muthwatering. Since then, whenever I visited my grandmther’s huse, I wuld rush t the kitchen fr the stinky tfu with excitement. Thus, stinky tfu became mre than a husehld traditin. It became my favrite dish.
Alng with the stinky tfu, I wuld meet my Uncle Chan n every visit. As an immature by, I never understd my uncle’s cnditin f Dwn syndrme（唐氏综合征）.
He was an unfriendly and terrible creature in my eyes. He cnstantly walked arund the huse, talking t himself. Whenever he was within view, I wuld run away in fear.
Hwever, ne day, my view f my uncle suddenly changed. I was just getting ut f my bed when I heard sft steps appraching. It was my uncle. My muscles frze. He slwly sat next t me and tuched my face gently, as a mther wuld strke （抚摸）a baby.
A wide smile emerged frm his blank expressin. Hw beautiful his smile was! I culd nt help but smile back. My fear disappeared gradually, and my muscles relaxed. Fr the first time, I culd see sftness and warmth in his eyes.
My uncle very much resembles stinky tfu. Stinky tfu smells unpleasant n the utside, yet feels warm and sft in the inside. Like stinky tfu, my uncle’s Dwn syndrme made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned that deep inside, he is harmless and has a lving nature.
Sme peple tend t lk dwn upn disabled peple and regard them as unfit fr a regular life. As I was able t see thrugh the uter surface f the tfu, these peple are unable t see thrugh the surface f prejudice（偏见）. As a result, they judge the disabled with ne glance.
The utside and inside f the stinky tfu exist as tw extremely different wrlds. Perhaps that is what makes it such a tasty dish. Nt nly is it delicius, stinky tfu ffers a valuable lessn: never judge peple at first glance, fr true beauty cmes frm the inside.
36．Why did stinky tfu becme the authr’s favrite dish?
A．It was related t family traditin.
B．It turned ut t be quite delicius.
C．Grandma encuraged him t try it.
D．His appetite fr fd had increased.
37．What did the authr think f his uncle at first?
A．He was a quiet persn.
B．He was an energetic guy.
C．He was an immature man.
D．He was a strange creature.
38．The authr’s attitude twards Uncle Chan changed when .
A．Chan’s ftsteps wke up the authr
B．Chan shwed his friendliness t the authr
C．Chan displayed his lve twards his mther
D．Chan’s blank expressin made the authr smile
39．The cmparisn between stinky tfu and the authr’s uncle serves t _.
A．highlight the nature f Uncle Chan
B．analyze the family relatinship
C．describe a childhd memry
D．intrduce a traditinal Chinese fd
40．What des the authr mainly want t tell us in the passage?
A．We shuldn’t judge by appearances.
B．A persn’s taste changes ver time.
C．Bld is thicker than water.
D．Yu are what yu eat.
【答案】36．B 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．A
【分析】本文为记叙文。作者通过吃臭豆腐及对患有唐氏综合征的叔叔的再认识，得出了“不要以貌取人，心里美才是真的美”的人生哲理。
36．细节理解题。根据第三段中的T my surprise, the tfu beneath the fried skin was warm, sft, and muthwatering.（令我惊讶的是，油炸后的豆腐又热又软，令人垂涎欲滴）可知，臭豆腐成了作者最喜欢的菜，是因为它很好吃。故B选项正确。
37．细节理解题。根据第五段中的He was an unfriendly and terrible creature in my eyes. He cnstantly walked arund the huse, talking t himself.（我看来，他是一个不友好、可怕的家伙。他不停地在屋子里走来走去，自言自语）可知，开始的时候，作者认为他的叔叔是个怪人。故D选项正确。
38．细节理解题。根据第六段中的He slwly sat next t me and tuched my face gently, as a mther wuld strke （抚摸）a baby.（他慢慢地坐在我旁边，轻轻地抚摸着我的脸，就像一位母亲抚摸婴儿一样）及第七段中的My fear disappeared gradually, and my muscles relaxed. Fr the first time, I culd see sftness and warmth in his eyes.（我的恐惧渐渐消失了，我的肌肉也放松了。我第一次在他的眼里看到了温柔和温暖）可知，当叔叔对作者展现友善时，作者对陈叔叔的态度发生了变化。故B选项正确。
39．推理判断题。根据第八段中的My uncle very much resembles stinky tfu.（我叔叔很像臭豆腐）及Like stinky tfu, my uncle’s Dwn syndrme made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned that deep inside, he is harmless and has a lving nature.（就像臭豆腐一样，一开始我叔叔的唐氏综合征让我和他保持距离。然而，我了解到，在内心深处，他是无害的，有爱的天性）可推知，作者用臭豆腐衬托了叔叔的内心本质。故A选项正确。
40．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Nt nly is it delicius, stinky tfu ffers a valuable lessn: never judge peple at first glance, fr true beauty cmes frm the inside.（臭豆腐不仅好吃，还给我们上了宝贵的一课：不要以貌取人，真正的美来自内心）可知，本文作者主要想告诉我们——不要以貌取人，心里美才是真的美。故A选项正确。
（2017·天津·高考真题）Debra Avery has been a hrse lver since she was a little girl in San Dieg. Her family culdn't affrd a hrse f its wn, s Debra brrwed rides at the lcal hrse-riding center, gaining the cnfidence nly fund atp a hrse. Years later, Debra remembered thse early days, and the lessns she learned with the hrses at the riding center, and wanted t help ther yung wmen get the benefits f cnnecting with hrses. "I always wanted t run a hrse prgram fr girls like me," says Debra. "I wanted t help them gain the curage t be arund a hrse and t care fr a hrse."
One day at the Ls Angeles Hrse-riding Center, as Debra rde beside fellw rider Judith Hpkins, she mentined an inheritance (遗产) frm her father-in-law and her desire t use it t serve disadvantaged girls. Judith had the same dream—and a name fr the rganizatin.
They funded Taking the Reins (TTR) in 1998. The rganizatin serves mre than 400 yung wmen per year in after-schl, weekend, and summer prgrams that feature hrse riding and care, gardening and even cmpetitive hrse shwing. Mst participants live belw the pverty line and ften have nt had reliable husing fr mre than six mnths at a time. Few have previus hrse experience.
TTR uses farm and ranch experiences t teach respnsibility, leadership, teamwrk, and self-cnfidence. Directr Dr. Jane Haven says, "A large number f ur girls are smewhat autistic (孤独症的). I can't cunt hw many f them have fund their first scial friends thanks t sharing this hbby and activity. Hrses bring them ut in such a wnderful way."
Jane als sees members f TTR prgram excel in schl—100 percent f yung wmen invlved fr fur years r mre have graduated frm high schl. Ninety-nine percent f thse participants have gne n t attend fur-year clleges.
Debra sees a mre bvius impact—after a few weeks in the TTR prgram, the yung wmen sit a little higher in their saddles (马鞍). "There's just smething abut sitting up n the back f a hrse that gives them a bst f cnfidence."
41．Debra's early life was greatly influenced by ________.
A．her familyB．hrse riding
C．schl lessnsD．her fellw rider
42．What prgrams des TTR ffer?
A．Hrse riding and shwing.B．Hrse care and farming.
C．Pet care and gardening.D．Weekend hiking and camping.
43．Wh was the rganizatin funded fr?
A．Hmeless and lnely wmen.B．Hard-wrking schl girls.
C．Female autistic patients.D．Pr hrse-lving girls.
44．In what way has TTR changed its members' life?
A．They have been given financial aid.
B．They have achieved academic excellence.
C．They have grwn int prfessinal hrse riders.
D．They have been prvided with reliable husing.
45．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．TTR is a prfit-making rganizatin.B．TTR prgram lasts a few weeks.
C．The girls' cnfidence grws quickly.D．The girls can ride taller hrses.
【答案】41．B 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Debra Avery喜欢骑马，之后她和朋友Judith成立了TTR这个组织，目的是帮助孤独的女孩，使她们变得有责任心、领导力、团队合作精神和自信。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段“Debra Avery has been a hrse lver since she was a little girl in San Dieg. Her family culdn't affrd a hrse f its wn, s Debra brrwed rides at the lcal hrse-riding center, gaining the cnfidence nly fund atp a hrse.（在San Dieg，当Debra Avery是一个小女孩时，就是一个爱马爱好者。因为她的家买不起一匹马，所以Debra从当地的骑马中心借马。她就是在马上获得的自信。）”可知，Debra Avery早期的生活极大地被骑马影响，故选B项。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“The rganizatin serves mre than 400 yung wmen per year in after-schl, weekend, and summer prgrams that feature hrse riding and care, gardening and even cmpetitive hrse shwing.（这个组织每年为超过400名女孩提供课后的、周末的和暑期的项目，这些项目以骑马、护理马、园艺工作和竞技马展为特色。）”可知，TTR项目提供骑马、护理马、园艺工作和竞技马展。故选A项。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mst participants live belw the pverty line and ften have nt had reliable husing fr mre than six mnths at a time.（大多数参与者生活在贫困线以下，并且一度超过6个月没有可靠的住房。）”可知，这个组织是为了贫穷和无家可归的爱马的女孩建立，故选项D。
44．推理判断题。根据第五段“Jane als sees members f TTR prgram excel in schl—100 percent f yung wmen invlved fr fur years r mre have graduated frm high schl. Ninety-nine percent f thse participants have gne n t attend fur-year clleges.（简也看到TTR项目的成员在学校很出色。参加了4年或以上的年轻女性百分之百从高中毕业。百分之九十的参与者继续读大学。）”可知，参与者在学校表现很好。由此推知，TTR项目通过让参与者在学术方面取得卓越成就来改变她们的生活，故选B项。
45．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There's just smething abut sitting up n the back f a hrse that gives them a bst f cnfidence.（仅仅是坐在马背上就能提升她们的自信。）”可知，TTR项目可以使女孩迅速增强自信，故选C项。
【最新模拟】
（2024·天津·一模）Pja Rai was a yung architecture student in 2014 when she went with a friend t give fd t a lcal rphanage. She was surprised at what she saw.
Kids were playing with anything they culd get their hands n. One grup was rlling arund a brken metal pipe. Tw bys were trying t play badmintn, using ld shes as rackets. “Play shuldn’t just be part f a rich kid’s lifestyle. All kids have a right t enjy their childhds.” Rai says.
Over the next few weeks, she talked with friends abut cllecting mney fr a playgrund. And that’s when she thught f ld tires. Arund 100 millin tires are thrwn away in India every year. Culd they reuse them as playgrund materials and help the envirnment, t?
That idea became a reality in 2015, using ld tires—all cleaned, carefully lked ver t make sure they are safe t use, and painted in bright clrs. The fllwing year, she created Anthill Creatins, which has built 275 playgrunds acrss India—celebrating the pwer f play in public spaces rphanages, and schls.
“Our wrk always begins with talks with kids abut what they want frm this space.” says Rai. Smetimes it can take a few hurs, r a few visits, until children are ready t pen up. She als draws n her experience as an architect. “I fund that spaces are pwerful in shaping peple’s behavir.” she says.
Mst f the play spaces Rai designs feature large tire sculptures f cars, buildings, r animals, paired with mre classic elements f swings and jungle gyms.
In ne girl’s schl in Bengaluru, the children wanted their play space t be shaped int a bxing ring, with tires dubling up as punching bags. “Their teacher was unsure abut it.” Rai remembers. “But the girls said they didn’t want peple t see them as weak. They wanted t practice self-defense and grw strnger.” In December 2019, this playgrund became a reality.
1．What did Rai find ut abut the kids in a lcal rphanage?
A．They behaved badly.B．They were badly treated.
C．They had nthing t d but play.D．They were shrt f play equipment.
2．What did Rai d with the thrwn-away tires?
A．She renewed them in a tire shp.
B．She turned them int artistic wrks.
C．She used them t design play spaces.
D．She sld them t raise mney fr hungry kids.
3．What did Rai take int cnsideratin when carrying ut her wrk?
A．Children’s needs.B．Children’s experiences.
C．Her favurite childhd games.D．An architect friend’s suggestins.
4．What can we learn abut the girls frm the last paragraph?
A．They needed t build their cnfidence.
B．They wanted t win their teachers’ trust.
C．They finally had their dream playgrund.
D．They ften helped with cllecting ld tires.
5．Which f the fllwing can best describe Rai?
A．Talented and hard-wrking.B．Creative and kind-hearted.
C．Realistic and lnely.D．Pr but caring.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述年轻建筑系学生Pja Rai如何被一次去孤儿院的经历所启发，进而创建了一个利用废旧轮胎为孩子们建造游乐场的项目。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Kids were playing with anything they culd get their hands n. One grup was rlling arund a brken metal pipe. Tw bys were trying t play badmintn, using ld shes as rackets. “Play shuldn’t just be part f a rich kid’s lifestyle. All kids have a right t enjy their childhds.” Rai says. (孩子们在玩他们能拿到的任何东西。一群人围着一根破裂的金属管打滚。两个男孩试图打羽毛球，用旧鞋当球拍。“玩耍不应该只是富二代生活方式的一部分。所有的孩子都有享受童年的权利。” Rai说)”可知，当地孤儿院的孩子们缺少游戏设备。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Over the next few weeks, she talked with friends abut cllecting mney fr a playgrund. And that’s when she thught f ld tires. (在接下来的几个星期里，她和朋友们谈论募款建游乐场的事。这时她想到了旧轮胎)”以及第四段“That idea became a reality in 2015, using ld tires—all cleaned, carefully lked ver t make sure they are safe t use, and painted in bright clrs. The fllwing year, she created Anthill Creatins, which has built 275 playgrunds acrss India—celebrating the pwer f play in public spaces rphanages, and schls. (2015年，这一想法得以实现，他们使用废旧轮胎——全部清洗干净，仔细检查以确保使用安全，并涂上鲜艳的颜色。第二年，她创办了Anthill Creatins，该公司在印度各地建造了275个游乐场，以庆祝在公共场所、孤儿院和学校中游玩的力量)”可知，Rai用那些扔掉的轮胎来设计游戏空间。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段““Our wrk always begins with talks with kids abut what they want frm this space.” says Rai. Smetimes it can take a few hurs, r a few visits, until children are ready t pen up. She als draws n her experience as an architect. “I fund that spaces are pwerful in shaping peple’s behavir.” she says.(“我们的工作总是从与孩子们交谈开始，了解他们想从这个空间得到什么。”Rai说。有时，可能需要几个小时，或者几次探访，孩子们才愿意敞开心扉。她还借鉴了自己作为建筑师的经验。“我发现空间在塑造人的行为方面具有强大的力量。”她说)”可知，Rai在进行她的工作时考虑了儿童的需要。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In ne girl’s schl in Bengaluru, the children wanted their play space t be shaped int a bxing ring, with tires dubling up as punching bags. “Their teacher was unsure abut it.” Rai remembers. “But the girls said they didn’t want peple t see them as weak. They wanted t practice self-defense and grw strnger.” In December 2019, this playgrund became a reality. (在班加罗尔的一所女子学校里，孩子们想把他们的游乐空间改造成一个拳击场，让轮胎充当沙袋的角色。“他们的老师对此表示不确定。”Rai回忆道，“但这些女孩们表示，她们不希望自己被人视为弱者。她们想要练习自卫，想要变得更强。”2019年12月，这个游乐场终于成为了现实)”可知，女孩们终于有了梦想中的游乐场。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中““Play shuldn’t just be part f a rich kid’s lifestyle. All kids have a right t enjy their childhds.” Rai says. (“玩耍不应该只是富二代生活方式的一部分。所有的孩子都有享受童年的权利。”Rai说)”可知，Rai看到孩子们缺少游戏设备后，想要帮助他们，所以是善良的；根据第三段中“Over the next few weeks, she talked with friends abut cllecting mney fr a playgrund. And that’s when she thught f ld tires. (在接下来的几个星期里，她和朋友们谈论募款建游乐场的事。这时她想到了旧轮胎)”以及第四段“That idea became a reality in 2015, using ld tires—all cleaned, carefully lked ver t make sure they are safe t use, and painted in bright clrs. The fllwing year, she created Anthill Creatins, which has built 275 playgrunds acrss India —celebrating the pwer f play in public spaces rphanages, and schls. (2015年，这一想法得以实现，他们使用废旧轮胎——全部清洗干净，仔细检查以确保使用安全，并涂上鲜艳的颜色。第二年，她创办了Anthill Creatins，该公司在印度各地建造了275个游乐场，以庆祝在公共场所、孤儿院和学校中游玩的力量)”可知，Rai用轮胎来设计游戏空间，她是有创造力的。故选B项。
（2024·天津·一模）Many f ur family traditins centered arund fd. We’d gather in the kitchen fr every birthday and hliday and enjy delicius fd. My grandparents always held Christmas dinner, which included chicken cacciatre, sausage, meatballs and salad. But right befre we sat dwn t eat, my grandmther wuld pull me aside t shw me the dish she made just fr me: fresh pasta (意大利面) with tmat sauce.
It was a simple dish, but t me it was warm fd that filled me with happiness. But mre than that, it made me feel like I belnged. I was a shy kid and, in many situatins, I felt ignred. And here was my grandmther, shwing me that I mattered.
Years went by; I mved away and gt married. I’d visit thrughut the years and my grandmther wuld serve up a plate f pasta.
When my daughter was brn in 2020, fr the first time in my life I wasn’t abut t make the trip back hme fr Christmas. I cked my family’s traditinal fds and my husband and I had a big meal that included, f curse, fresh pasta. I had a vide call with my grandmther and shwed her the pasta. Shrtly after the hlidays she passed away unexpectedly.
It seemed s unfair that my grandmther passed away sn after I became a parent. I’d hld my daughter and think abut hw I culd tell her what an amazing great-grandmther she had.
In my sadness I came t an answer: fd. Late at night after my daughter had gne t bed, I’d g t the kitchen and learn hw t make fresh pasta, cking my grandmther’s recipes. Befre lng I started experimenting, making a bit changes t classic recipes. When my daughter gt a little lder, I began making special dishes fr her with my grandmther’s flavrs in mind.
I knw that n matter hw hard I try, my daughter will never have a bwl pasta with sauce exactly like the nes my grandmther wuld make fr me. While that makes me sad, she’ll still get t have my pasta sauce. I knw there’re tw things she’ll never lack fr in this life: pasta and lve.
6．What did the authr say abut her grandmther’s hmemade pasta?
A．It was a special birthday gift fr her.B．It brught her a sense f belnging.
C．It was lved by every family member.D．It tk a lt f time and energy t prepare.
7．What made the authr’s 2020 Christmas dinner different frm previus nes?
A．She didn’t share pasta with her husband.
B．She didn’t give her grandmther a call.
C．She didn’t prepare many traditinal family fds.
D．She didn’t have a chance t eat her grandmther’s pasta.
8．Why did the authr learn t make fresh pasta late at night?
A．T hnur her grandmther.B．T give her daughter a surprise.
C．T meet her grandmther’s wish.D．T be a rle mdel fr her daughter.
9．What can we learn abut the authr’s pasta sauce?
A．It isn’t easy t make.B．It isn’t t her daughter’s liking.
C．It tastes exactly the same as her grandmther’s.D．It shws her lve fr her daughter.
10．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Different types f pastaB．The rigin f pasta
C．Lve thrugh pastaD．Pasta fr Christmas
【答案】6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的祖母带给作者一种归属感，在祖母去世以后，作者开始制作新鲜的意大利面来纪念祖母，同时作者的意大利面酱表明了她对女儿的爱。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“But mre than that, it made me feel like I belnged.(但更重要的是，它让我有了归属感)”可知，作者认为她祖母自制的意大利面带给她一种归属感。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“When my daughter was brn in 2020, fr the first time in my life I wasn’t abut t make the trip back hme fr Christmas. I cked my family’s traditinal fds and my husband and I had a big meal that included, f curse, fresh pasta. I had a vide call with my grandmther and shwed her the pasta.(当我的女儿在2020年出生时，这是我人生中第一次没有打算回家过圣诞节。我做了我们家的传统食物，我和丈夫吃了一顿大餐，当然包括新鲜的意大利面。我和祖母进行了视频通话，给她看了意大利面)”可知，作者的2020年圣诞晚餐与以往的不同之处是她没有机会吃祖母做的意大利面。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In my sadness I came t an answer: fd. Late at night after my daughter had gne t bed, I’d g t the kitchen and learn hw t make fresh pasta, cking my grandmther’s recipes.(在我的悲伤中，我想到了一个答案：食物。深夜，在女儿上床睡觉后，我会去厨房学习如何制作新鲜的意大利面，烹饪我祖母的食谱)”可知，作者在深夜学习制作新鲜的意大利面是为了纪念她的祖母。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While that makes me sad, she’ll still get t have my pasta sauce. I knw there’re tw things she’ll never lack fr in this life: pasta and lve.(虽然这让我很难过，但她还是可以吃我的意大利面酱。我知道有两样东西她一辈子都不缺：意大利面和爱)”可知，作者的意大利面酱表明了她对女儿的爱。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I knw that n matter hw hard I try, my daughter will never have a bwl pasta with sauce exactly like the nes my grandmther wuld make fr me. While that makes me sad, she’ll still get t have my pasta sauce. I knw there’re tw things she’ll never lack fr in this life: pasta and lve.(我知道，无论我多么努力，我的女儿永远也吃不到一碗酱汁意大利面，就像我祖母为我做的那样。虽然这让我很难过，但她还是可以吃我的意大利面酱。我知道有两样东西她一辈子都不缺：意大利面和爱)”结合文章主要讲述了作者的祖母带给作者一种归属感，在祖母去世以后，作者开始制作新鲜的意大利面来纪念祖母，同时作者的意大利面酱表明了她对女儿的爱。可知，C选项“意面里的爱”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（2024·天津河北·一模）On a cl autumn evening, while wandering thrugh the streets f the ld twn, my attentin was captured by a charming bkstre lcated between twering buildings. The warm light thrugh its windws drew me clser, and withut realizing it, I std at its entrance, peering thrugh the glass.
Earlier that day, after enjying a pleasant lunch with friends, I had decided t explre the city n ft. Despite passing thrugh this part f twn numerus times, I had never sptted the charming bkstre. Hwever, n this particular evening, smething abut it seemed irresistibly inviting.
Gently brushing away the fallen leaves frm the windw frame, I tk a clser lk inside. Rws f shelves filled with bks f varius sizes and clrs stretched acrss the small and friendly interir, each vlume whispering tales f adventure and wisdm. As my eyes mved ver the titles, a wave f fnd memries washed ver me, transprting me back t my childhd.
Grwing up, my wrld was dminated by sprts and utdr activities, ften at my father’s insistence. He wuld say, “Yu need t play ftball, Alex. It builds character.” Yet deep dwn, I always felt ut f place n the ftball field, my mind wandering t distant lands and heric tales.
Every Sunday, after an exhausting ftball match, I wuld secretly g t my rm and lse myself in bks. The characters became my friends, and their jurneys prvided my escape. I still vividly recall the verwhelming jy I experienced when I first read abut the adventures f a yung wizard. His bravery and determinatin deeply tuched me.
One day, ur schl librarian nticed my passin fr reading and suggested I jin the bk club. Hesitant and unsure f my father’s reactin, I tk the club flyer (宣传单) hme, my heart racing with a mix f fear and hpe. T my surprise, he was supprtive, his typically serius expressin sftening as he signed the permissin slip.
Jining the bk club marked a turning pint. I discvered a cmmunity where I truly belnged, and my passin fr reading was embraced and nurtured. I began t craft my wn stries, each ne reflecting my dreams and desires.
As I std there, lst in these thughts, the dr f bkstre pened, inviting me in. Stepping inside felt like cming hme, a place where dreams and reality met. It was a reminder f hw bks had shaped my life, guiding me thrugh the challenges f childhd and inspiring me t find my true passin.
11．What was the authr’s first impressin f the bkstre n the autumn evening?
A．It appeared t be clsed and deserted.B．It seemed disappinting and dark.
C．It was incredibly welcme.D．It lked mdern and busy.
12．Why did the authr’s father ask him t play ftball during his upbringing?
A．T imprve his strng persnal qualities.
B．T keep him physically fit and healthy.
C．T prepare him fr a sprts career.
D．T fllw a family traditin.
13．The father’s act f signing the club flyer implies that he is ________.
A．strict and demandingB．mindless and annying
C．cnsiderate and apprvingD．prtective and understanding
14．What effect did jining the bk club have n the authr?
A．It islated him frm scial life.B．It made him give up n sprts entirely.
C．It shaped the authr’s persnal grwth.D．It changed the authr’s view n reading.
15．What message des the authr’s stry cnvey
A．Meeting expectatins.B．Pursuing ne’s passins.
C．Explring with excitement.D．Priritizing physical activities.
【答案】11．C 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。短文讲述了作者在一个秋天的傍晚，无意中发现了一家迷人的书店，并被其吸引。作者回忆起童年时因为父亲的坚持而参与体育活动，但内心更向往书本中的冒险和智慧。在学校图书管理员的鼓励下，作者加入了读书俱乐部，找到了归属感，并开始创作自己的故事。最后，作者走进书店，感受到如同回家一般的温暖，意识到书籍如何塑造了自己的生活，帮助自己找到真正的热情。
11．推理判断题，根据第一段“On a cl autumn evening, while wandering thrugh the streets f the ld twn, my attentin was captured by a charming bkstre lcated between twering buildings. The warm light thrugh its windws drew me clser, and withut realizing it, I std at its entrance, peering thrugh the glass.(在一个凉爽的秋夜，我漫步在老城区的街道上，一家坐落在高楼大厦之间的迷人书店吸引了我的注意力。从窗户透进来的温暖的光线把我拉近，我不知不觉地站在门口，透过玻璃向内窥视。)”可知，秋天的晚上，作者对书店的第一印象是它非常受欢迎。故选C。
12．细节理解题，根据第四段“Grwing up, my wrld was dminated by sprts and utdr activities, ften at my father’s insistence. He wuld say, “Yu need t play ftball, Alex. It builds character.”(在我的成长过程中，我的世界被体育和户外活动所主导，通常是在父亲的坚持下。他会说:“你需要踢足球，亚历克斯，它能塑造性格。”)”可知，作者的父亲在他成长过程中要求他踢足球是为了提高他强大的个人素质。故选A。
13．推理判断题，根据倒数第三段的“Hesitant and unsure f my father’s reactin, I tk the club flyer (宣传单) hme, my heart racing with a mix f fear and hpe. T my surprise, he was supprtive, his typically serius expressin sftening as he signed the permissin slip.(我犹豫着，不确定父亲的反应，把俱乐部的传单拿回家，我的心在恐惧和希望的混合中加速跳动。令我惊讶的是，他是支持我的，他那一贯严肃的表情在签了同意书后变得温和了。)” 可知，父亲在俱乐部传单上签名的行为暗示他是体谅人的，并给予了作者支持。故选C。
14．推理判断题，根据倒数第二段“Jining the bk club marked a turning pint. I discvered a cmmunity where I truly belnged, and my passin fr reading was embraced and nurtured. I began t craft my wn stries, each ne reflecting my dreams and desires.(加入读书俱乐部标志着一个转折点。我发现了一个真正属于我的社区，我对阅读的热情得到了接纳和培养。我开始构思自己的故事，每个故事都反映了我的梦想和愿望。) ”可知，加入读书俱乐部对作者塑造了作者的个人成长。故选C。
15．推理判断题，根据最后一段“It was a reminder f hw bks had shaped my life, guiding me thrugh the challenges f childhd and inspiring me t find my true passin.(它提醒我，书籍如何塑造了我的生活，指导我度过童年的挑战，激励我找到自己真正的激情。)”可知，作者的故事传达的信息是要追求自己热爱的东西。故选B。