鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit4 知识清单 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit4 知识清单 素材，共17页。
Unit 4 I like music that I can dance to.Section A重点单词及短语1. prefer更喜欢vt .过去式/过分：preferred 现分：preferring 单三：prefers1) prefer sth. 更喜欢某物例：I prefer music that has great lyrics. 更喜欢有好的歌词的音乐。2) prefer to do sth. = prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事3) prefer sth. to sth.与…相比更喜欢…4) prefer doing to doing 与做…相比更喜欢做…= prefer to do rather than do sth.= would do rather than do= would rather do than do例：- Which do you prefer, rice or noodles? 你更喜欢哪一个，米饭还是面条?- Neither, thanks. I am not hungry, I only need some water.不,谢谢。我不饿，我只需要一些水。2. lyrics 歌词 n. lyric 抒情的adj. lyric poetry 抒情诗例：I find it hard to hear the English lyrics clearly.我发现很难听清楚英文歌词。I don’t know why, but I cannot remember the lyrics though.我不知道为什么，但我不记得歌词了。3. Australian adj. 澳大利亚的澳大利亚人n. Australia 澳大利亚n.例：Xu Fei likes the Australian singer, Dan Dervish. 徐飞喜欢澳大利亚歌手丹·德维什。The doctor is an Australian.这位医生是澳大利亚人。I’m going to Australia this summer.今年夏天我要去澳大利亚。 electronic 电子的，电子设备的adj.electronic equipment 电子设备 electronic product 电子产品electronic industry 电子工业例：Carmen likes electronic music that’s loud.卡门喜欢吵闹的电子音乐。5. suppose 推断，料想v.suppose to do sth.“猜想某人…” 例：We suppose her to be an actress. 我们认为她是个女演员。be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 = be expected to do sth.suppose + that 从句“猜想…”例：I suppose I’ll just listen to this new CD I bought.我想我就听我买的这张新CD吧。I suppose it’s not impossible. 我想这不是不可能的。6. smooth 悦耳的，平滑的adj.例：I like smooth music that helps me relax after a long week at work. 在漫长的一周工作后，我喜欢舒缓的音乐来帮助我放松。The surface of the ice is so smooth. We should keep our skin smooth.冰的表面很光滑。我们应该保持皮肤光滑。7 .spare 空闲的，不用的adj. 抽出，留出v. 例：If you have spare time, do you want to watch a movie with me? 如果你有空闲时间，想不想和我一起看电影?in one’s spare time = in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间例：Daisy is such a good daughter that she spends most of her spare time with her parents. 黛西是个好女儿，她大部分业余时间都和父母在一起。Can you spare me a few minutes? 你能抽出几分钟时间吗?8. case 情况，实情n. 案例，例子，病例in that case 既然那样，假使那样的话例：In that case, I’ll ask who likes serious movies.那样的话，我就问问谁喜欢严肃电影。In that case, just tell me your phone number.那样的话，告诉我你的电话号码就行了。【拓展】case的常用短语还有：in case 以防万一in case of 如果；假使in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in no case 绝不9. stick 粘贴，将……刺入v.（stuck; stuck）棍，棒，手杖n. 例：They stuck the notice on the wall.他们把通知贴在墙上。My grandpa still walks without a stick though he is ninety years old.我爷爷已经九十岁了，走路仍然不用拐杖。stick to 坚持，固守，to 为介词，后接 n./ pron./ v-ingstick … into …“把…插进…”例：Don’t stick the chopsticks into rice.不要把筷子插在米饭里。10. down 悲哀，沮丧adj. 向下adv.例：Never hit a man when he is down.不要在人倒下的时候打他。11. plenty 大量，众多pron.plenty of 大量，充足。后接可数名词复数或不可数名词例：We have plenty of time to finish the work.我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。There is plenty of space here to move about.这里有很大的活动空间。12.shut 关闭，关上v. （shut; shut）例：Nancy shut the door and left the office.南希关上门离开了办公室。【拓展】shut down 停业，关闭 shut up 住口，关闭shut off 关闭，停止运转例：They stop the car and shut off the engine.他们停下车，关掉了引擎。13. uperhero超级英雄其复数形式为superheroes例：He is a superheroes. 他是一个超级英雄。once in a while 偶尔地，间或。在句中作时间状语，相当于 sometimes, at times, from time to time, now and then例：Once in a while, I like to watch movies that are scary.偶尔，我喜欢看恐怖电影Jim’s uncle goes dancing once in a while.吉姆的叔叔偶尔去跳舞。Do you still visit your teacher once in a while?你仍然偶尔去拜访你的老师吗?重点句子1. I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能随之跳舞的音乐。① that I can dance to 是由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 music。其中关系代词 that 在定语从句中作宾语。英语中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。例：The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。② dance to 意思是“随着……跳舞”。其中 to 是介词，意思是“按照；随着”。如： 例：The boys and girls danced to the disco music. 少男少女们跟着迪斯科音乐跳舞。The dancers danced to the beautiful music. 舞蹈演员们随着优美的音乐翩翩起舞。2. Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 卡门喜欢能演奏不同类型乐曲的音乐家。① who play different kinds of music 是由关系代词 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 musicians。这里的关系代词 who 在定语从句中作主语，可换用 that，但此处的 who 不能省略。例：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。② play music 意思是“演奏音乐”。例：He played music at night and painted business signs during the day. 他晚上演奏音乐，白天则绘制商标。3. Xu Fei prefers groups that play quiet and slow songs. 许飞更喜欢演奏轻柔舒缓歌曲的乐队组合。that play quiet and slow songs 是由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 groups。这里的关系代词 that 在定语从句中作主语，但此处的 that 不能省略。例：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）4. What are you doing this weekend, Scott? 斯科特，这个周末你要做什么？are doing 是现在进行时表示将来的时间。英语中当句子涉及确切的计划、明确的意图和为将来安排好的活动时，可以用现在进行时可用于表示将来时间。例：My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30. 我乘坐的飞机将于 9:20 起飞，所以我必须在 8:30 之前赶到机场。5. depends which movie. 依靠哪部电影。depend 意思是“依靠；依赖”，为不及物动词，后接宾语时应与 on 或 upon 连用。例：We shouldn’t depend on foreign countries for oil. 我们不应当依赖外国的石油。表示“依赖某人做某事”英语用 depend on/ upon sb. to do sth.。例：You can’t depend on them to do it. 你不能指望他们做这事。【注意】depend 后接 how 或 wh- 引起的从句时，在口语中可省略 on 或 upon。例：Your success depends (on) whether you work hard or not. 你的成败取决于你是否努力工作。6. Oh, in the case, I’ll ask someone who likes serious movies. 噢，假如那样的话，我会问问喜欢严肃电影的人。in that case 意为“假如那样的话”，用来承接上文。例：You can’t make noise in class, in that case you’ll be punished. 你上课不能吵闹，否则你将会受到惩罚。【拓展】in case of 如果发生……；以防万一 in no case 绝不 in any case 无论如何；不管怎样例：You had better carry some money in case. 你最好带些钱，以防万一。Please take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 请带把伞去以防下雨。In no case should we give up hope. 我们绝不能放弃希望。You should remember this in any case. 无论如何你要记住这一点。7. Be quiet in case you wake the baby. 轻点儿，别吵醒婴儿。in case 可以引导条件状语从句，表示“如果；假使”；也可以引导目的状语从句，表示“以免；以防”。该句 in case you wake the baby 引导的是目的状语从句。例：In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话，告诉我一声。Please take my umbrella in case it rains. 请带上雨伞，以防下雨。Write the telephone number down in case you forget. 把电话号码写下来以免忘了。8. I prefer movies that give me something to think about. 我更喜欢留给我思考的电影。that give me something to think about. 是由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 movies。其中 that 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。give me something to think about 表示“给某人某事情思考”，其中 to think about 是不定式短语作定语修饰 something。9. What Do You Feel Like Watching Today? 你今天想看什么？feel like 意思是“想要”，后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。例：Not everyone can choose to exercise when they feel like it. 不是所有人都能想什么时候锻炼就什么锻炼。When you feel like relaxing, don't hold yourself back. 当你累了想休息的时候，不要让你自己继续工作。10. While some people stick to only one kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day. 在一些人坚持只看一种电影时，我根据我那天的感受喜欢看不同类型的电影。stick to 意思是“坚持；依附于”，后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。例：Dust could stick to the clothing easily. 灰尘很容易附着在衣服上。I stick to my opinion for all that. 尽管如此，我还是坚持我的意见。11. When I’m down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up. 在我情绪低落或者身心疲惫时，我更喜欢可以鼓舞我士气的电影。cheer up 表示“高兴起来；振作起来；振作精神”。可单独使用，后面也可跟宾语。例：Cheer up! Your trouble will soon be over. 振作起来，你的困难就会过去的。The boy cheered up at once when I promised to help him.当我答应帮那个孩子的忙时，他马上就高兴起来。I’d like to cheer up sick kids. 我想让生病的孩子高兴起来。【注意】代词做 cheer up 的宾语时，代词放在中间。例：The good news has cheered him up. 好消息让他精神振奋。12. Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kung Fu Panda have funny dialogues and usually have a happy ending. 喜剧如《黑衣人》或《功夫熊猫》对话幽默，而且通常有一个大团圆的结尾。ending 意思是“结尾；结局”。多用于字尾或故事的结局。end 则所指广泛，如道路的末端、时间的最后或某个事件的最后。例：I like films with happy endings best. 我最喜欢大团圆结局的电影。I left there at the end of the film. 在电影结束的时候我离开了那里。13. The characters may not be perfect, but they try their best to solve their problems. 人物可能不完美，但他们尽力解决了问题。try one’s best 意思是“尽力”，相当于 do one’s best，可单独使用，后面也可跟不定式，构成 try one’s best to do sth。例：Though the players of the Chinese team tried their best, they still lost the game. 虽然中国队队员尽了最大努力，他们还是输了比赛。They tried their best to make their work perfect. 他们竭力把工作做得完美。14. I can just shut off my brain, sit back and enjoy watching an exciting superhero who always saves the world just in time. 我可以只是让大脑休息，坐下来享受总是及时挽救世界的激动人心的超级英雄。① shut off 表示“关闭；关上；使停止运转”。例：Please shut off the hose before the grass gets too wet. 请及时关掉水管，以免草地太湿。We can't shut off the world. 我们不可能让世界停止运转。② sit back 本意是“坐下来”，可引申为“不插手；袖手旁观”。例：They didn't have to do anything except sit back and enjoy life. 他们只需置身事外，享受生活。③ enjoy 是动词，表示“喜爱；享受”，侧重于“享受某种乐趣”，后面跟名词、代词，跟动词时要用-ing 形式。例：He enjoys living in China. 他喜爱住在中国。Look! My brother is enjoying his dinner. 看，我哥哥正在津津有味地吃饭。【拓展】enjoy oneself 玩得愉快例：I must say I am really enjoying myself at the moment. 我得说此刻我感到非常愉快。【辨析】love, enjoy, like 喜爱love 表示“爱、热爱、爱戴”，有强烈的感情，相当于 like ... very much。后面也可以接名词、代词、-ing 形式或动词不定式。例：We all love our motherland. 我们都热爱祖国。They love each other. 他们互爱。like 意为“喜欢、喜爱”，是一般用语，主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣，不带有感情色彩，后面可接名词、代词、-ing 形式或动词不定式作宾语。例：Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Day. 中国人人喜欢中秋节。He likes his students to work hard. 他喜欢学生们努力学习。【注意】like 和 love 都可与 would, should 连用，表示“愿意做某事”。例：I’d like / love to go with you. 我想和你一起去。15. They can be fun, but I’m too scared to watch them alone. 它们可能有趣，但我太害怕例，不敢一个人看。【辨析】：alone与lonelyalone 1）副词；单独地；独自地；侧重说明单独一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。作副词修饰动词时，应放在动词后面作状语。 2）形容词；单独的；独自的；一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。lonely 1）形容词；孤独的；寂寞的；指心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩，侧重主观上的感受。 可作定语或表语。 2）荒凉的；偏僻的 用于描述地点，常作定语。例：The old man lives alone,but he doesn’t feel. 这个老人独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。SectionＢ重点单词及短语1. sense 感受；意识n. sense 泛指“见识；道理；感受；意识”是不可数名词。例：Although she’s not very clever, she has got lots of common sense. 尽管她不很聪明，她见识很多。Mother has good sense. 妈妈见识很广。【拓展】sense 表示“意义、意思”，与 meaning 意思相同，是可数名词。表示某种“感觉”也用作可数名词。例：The word “make” has many senses. make 这个单词有很多意思。When you touch ice, you have a sense of coldness. 当你触到冰时，你有一种寒冷的感觉。【搭配】make sense 有道理、讲得通 make sense of 理解、弄懂……的意思 in a sense 在某种意义上例：We all agreed that the plan made sense. 我们都同意该计划有道理。 Can you make sense of her letter? 你理解她信的意思吗？What you said is true in a sense. 你说的话在某种意义上是正确的。2. pain 痛苦；疼痛；苦恼n. 泛指疼痛是不可数名词，特指某一部位疼痛或 pain 前有形容词修饰则用作可数名词。例：He was crying with pain after he broke his arm. 他折断手臂后疼得大叫。He has pains in the army. 他手臂痛。3. reflect 反映；映出v. reflect 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词后面跟名词、代词、不定式或从句作宾语。例：A mirror reflects 镜子能映像。This letter can reflect your real opinions. 这封信能表达你的真实意见。【搭配】reflect on 仔细想；回忆例：He has to reflect on what answer to give. 他得思考一下如何答复。4. perform 表演v. 例：He performed a dance for the children. 他们为儿童表演了一个舞蹈。5. pity 遗憾；怜悯n. 同情；怜悯v. 例：It’s a pity that he can’t come. 很遗憾他不能来。What a pity she isn’t here. 他不在这里真遗憾！ Why do you pity her? 你为什么同情她？6. total 总数；合计n. 总的；全体的adj. 例：The total was 3700 dollars. 合计是 3700 美元。His total debts are 5000 dollars. 他的总债务是 5000 美元。【辨析】a total of…与 the total of …A total of …表示“总计……的……”，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；the total of …表示“…… 的总数”，修饰复数名词，作主语时后谓语动词用单数形式。例：A total of twenty letters were received last month. 上个月总计收到 20 封信。The total of the letters received was twenty. 收到的信件总数是 20。7. master 能手； 主人n. 掌握v. 例：Mother is the master of his family. 妈妈是一家之长。She has mastered several foreign languages. 他已经掌握了好几门外语。8. praise 表扬；赞赏v. & n. 用作动词时，后面跟名词或代词作宾语，但不跟不定式。例：They have been praising you all the time. 他们一直在赞扬你。wound n. 伤；伤口；创伤 v. 使（身体）受伤；伤害例：He has a wound in the arm. 他臂上有一处伤。The hunter wounded the deer. 猎人击伤了鹿。重点句子1. The piece which was played on the erhu especially moved me. 二胡演奏的那首音乐特别感动我。① which was played on the erhu 是由关系代词 which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 piece。由于该关系代词在定语从句中作主语，因此不能省略。② move 这里是动词，表示“感动”，后面通常跟名词或代词。例：The story of their suffering moved us deeply. 他们苦难的经历深深地感动了我们。【拓展】move 做“感动”解，常用于被动语态。例：I was truly moved by his tears. 我的确被他的眼泪感动了。【辨析】moving 与 movedmoving 表示“令人感动的；感人的”，常表示某物的特征或特点；moved 表示“激动的”，常表示认得心理活动。例：This is a moving story. 这是一个感人的故事。 I was moved at the music. 我对这音乐深深地感动了。③　【辨析】especially 与speciallyespecially 意为“尤其；特别”，在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。例：Flowers are always welcome, especially in winter. 鲜花总是受欢迎，尤其是在冬天。specially 修饰动词，表示为了某一特定目的而“特意地”“专门地”采用某一方式做某事。例：These textbooks are specially written for beginners. 这些教科书是专门为初学者编写的。2. but it was one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard. 但这是我听到的最动人的音乐之一。that I’ve ever heard. 是由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 music。这里关系代词在定语从句中作宾语。which 和that 都可引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语或宾语，但此处由于含有形容词的最高级 the most moving，因此只能用 that，而不能用 which。例：The last place that we visited was the library. 我们参观的最后一个地方是图书馆。3. The erhu sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. 二胡（的声音）听起来让人如此哀伤，以至于在听的时候，我差点儿随着它哭了出来。so...that... 如此……以至于……that在句中引导结果状语从句。例：The book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it. 这本书如此有趣，以至于每个人都想看。【辨析】so...that...与such...that...so...that... 1）so+adj/adv+that从句 2）so+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句 3）so+many/much/few/little（少）+名词+that从句such...that... 1）such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+that从句 2）such+adj+可数名词复数+that从句 3）such+adj+不可数名词+that从句4. Later I looked up the history of Erquan Yingyue, and I began to understand the sadness in the music. 后来，我查阅了二泉映月的历史，我开始理解了音乐中的忧伤。look up 意思是“查阅”。look up 之后通常跟所要查阅的具体内容，该内容所在的位置则由介词 in 引出。例：She looked the word up in a dictionary. 他在词典里查这个词。Please look up a fast train to Leeds. 请查一下去利兹的快车！5. Abing’s father taught him to play many musical instruments, such as the drums, dizi and erhu, and by age 17, Abing was known for his musical ability. 阿炳的父亲教他演奏很多乐器，譬如笛子和二胡。到他十七岁时，阿炳的音乐才能已经闻名遐迩。① by 在这里是介词，表示时间，意思是“不迟于；在……时候”。例：He was very tired by the evening. 他到晚上已经很累了。He has read about 40 pages of the book by now. 现在这本书他已读了大约 40 页。【拓展】by the time 之后跟从句，表示“到某事发生的时候”。例：By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. 在医生到达时，病人已经死了。② age 17 意思是“十七岁”。【拓展】at the age of …= at age …= aged …在……的时候③ be known for …表示“因……而知名”。其中介词 for 表示原因。例：The Great wall is known for its long history and its magnificence. 长城以其悠久的历史和其雄伟壮丽而著名。【拓展】be known as 作为……而知名例：He is known both as a painter. 他是知名的画家。7. Even after Abing got married and had a home again, he continued to sing and play on the streets. 甚至在阿炳结婚，再次拥有了一个新家之后，他继续在大街上唱歌、演奏。get/be married 意思是“结婚”，表示“与某人结婚”，英语可以是 get/be married to sb。例：Kate was married to a doctor last month. 上个月凯特和一位医生结了婚。She got married to a teacher. 她和一位教师结了婚。When did he get married? 他什么时候结婚的？【拓展】marry 表示“结婚”，marry 既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“结婚、嫁、娶、与……结婚”等。marry sb. 表示“嫁给某人、与某人结婚”。marry sb. to sb. 表示“把某人嫁给某人”或“为某人娶某人”。例：Mr White is going to marry an actress. 怀特先生将同一个女演员结婚。George married a girl for her beauty. 乔治娶了一位姑娘，因为她长得漂亮。She married her daughter to a businessman. 她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。She married her son to a rich woman. 她为儿子娶了个有钱的女人。【注意】marry 一般不与介词 with 连用。如表示“她和一位英国人结了婚”。英语不说：She married with an Englishman. 而说 She married an Englishman.8. By the end of his life, he could play over 600 pieces of music. 到他生命结束为止，它能够演奏 600 多首乐曲。by the end of …表示“到……底为止”，通常用于指时间。例：We had learned two thousand words by the end of last week. 到上个月底为止我们学了两千单词。By the end of this month, we will finish planting all the trees. 到本月底为止我们将种完所有的这些树木。【辨析】by the end of, at the end of, in the endby the end of… 仅用于表示时间的场合，往往含有“不迟于”的意味。例：We are to complete the task by the end of the year. 年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。at the end of …表示“在……的末端”。可用于时间也可用于地点。例：The school is situated at the end of the street. 该校位于这条街的尽头。We’ll have an exam in English at the end of January. 一月底我们要参加英语考试。in the end 表示“最后；终于”，相当于 at last，一般单独使用，后面不跟 of 短语。例：His dream came true in the end. 他的梦想最终实现了。9. It is a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear, but his popularity continues to this day. 遗憾的是总计只有六首乐曲录了音让未来世人倾听，但他的名望一直持续到今天。① It’s a pity that …表示“很遗憾……”，that 之后跟从句。例：It’s a pity that you’re leaving us tomorrow. 真遗憾，你明天就要离开我们了。It’s a pity that you didn't come to my birthday party. 你没有来参加我的生日派对真是太遗憾了。② in total 意思是“总计”。例：In fact they will have to lend 130 billion in total. 实际上，他们总共将不得不提供 130 亿资金。③ to this day 意思是“到今天”。例：He has remembered this to this day. 时至今日他仍牢记这一点。