鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit5 知识清单 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit5 知识清单 素材，共16页。
Unit 5 You’re supposed to shake hands.Section A重点单词及短语custom 风俗；习俗 n. 指个人习惯时，常用作单数。the custom of doing sth. 意为“做某事的习俗”例：Social customs are different from country to country. 各国的社会风俗是不同的。【辨析】：custom与habitcustom 主要指某个民族或社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节，风俗和习惯。例：The Japanese customs are different from the Chinese ones. 日本的风俗习惯与中国的不同。habit 指一个人长时间养成的习惯。 例：Nail-biting is one of her bad habits. 咬指甲是她的坏习惯之一。 2. bow 鞠躬 v. (1) bow to/before sb. 意为“向某人鞠躬”。例：The speaker bowed to/before the crowd. 演讲者向人群鞠躬。(2) bow one's head 意为“低头”例：She bowed her head. 她低下了头。(3) 名词，鞠躬例：The Japanese usually make/take a bow while greeting. 日本人打招呼时通常鞠躬。 greet 迎接；向……打招呼 v. 相当于 say hello to sb. 后接名词或代词作宾语例：We greeted her by saying “Good morning”.我们向她打招呼，说“早上好”。4. value 重视；珍视 v.例：I value friendship very highly. 我非常珍惜友情。【拓展】value 价值 n. valuable 贵重的，重要的 adj.例：Such a magazine has little value except when you have time to kill. 像这样的杂志除了消磨时间以外并没有什么价值。capital 首都 n. 不可数名词 the capital of………的首都例：Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。6. mad 生气的；疯狂的 adj. be/get mad at/with sb. = be/get angry with sth. 生某人的气 be/get angry about sth. = be/get mad about sth. 因某事而生气7. effort 努力；尽力 n. 不可数名词make an effort/efforts to do sth.尽力做某事例：Please make an effort to finish it on time.请努力按时完成它。8. northern 北方的；北部的 adj.例：She lives in the northern part of China.她住在中国的北部。【拓展】eastern东部的，东方的 western西部的，西方的 southern南部的，南方的 knock 敲（门等）v. 其后常接介词 at/on例：He knocked at/on the door, but there was no answer.他敲了敲门，但没有人应门。【拓展】knock 碰撞 v.knock into 与……相撞 knock down 撞倒10. worth 值得 adj.be worth doing sth.值得做某事例：The place is worth visiting. 这个地方值得一游。11. manner 礼貌；礼仪 n. 作“礼貌；礼仪”讲时，常用复数形式 table manners 餐桌礼仪例：Mind your manners. 注意你的礼貌。【拓展】manner 方式；方法，通常用单数形式重点句子1. In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? 在你们国家，当你第一次见到某人的时候你应该做什么？be supposed to do sth 被期望做某事,应该做......①当主语是人时,表示劝告、建议、责任等，should =to be expected to do sth,②当主语是物时，表示“本应；本该” 例：The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.火车应该在半小时前到达。【拓展】be supposed to 与 should be supposed 是 suppose 一词的被动语态结构，后接动词不定式，使用较随便，建议性强，否定式为 be not supposed to do sth.should 后接动词原形，属于主动语态形式，使用起来较严肃和正式；例：You are not supposed to shake hands. = You shouldn’t shake hands. 你不应与之握手。You’re supposed to shake hands 你应该握手。shake→shook→shaken v 摇动，震动 shake hands 握手shake hands with sb./ shake one's hands 与某人握手例：We usually shake hands with each other.我们通常相互握手She shook the boy’s hand and patted him on the shoulder lightly. 她与那个男孩握手，并轻轻地拍了一下他的肩膀。3. In the United States, they’re expected to shake hands. 在美国，他们应该握手。expect v.预料①expect to do sth 预计做某事②expect sb. to do sth 期待某人做某事= look forward to doing sth 期待做某事③I expect so/not.我（不）希望如此。④sb. be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事/应该要做某事例：Everyone in the class is expected to take part in the discussion. 希望全班同学参加讨论。4. greeted Paul’s mother the wrong way 以错误的方式问候了保罗的妈妈greet =to welcome or say “hello” v. “问候,打招呼”greet with sb.向某人问候例：She greeted me with a friendly smile.她向我微笑致意。5. I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed. 我遇到一个叫佐藤的日本男孩，我刚一伸出手，他就鞠了一躬。①as soon as 一……就…… （引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时）②hold out 伸出；坚持例：hold out one’s hands hold out my hand 伸出我的手She held out her hand to take the rope. 她伸手去抓那根绳子。【拓展】 hold on 抓住； (打电话时用语)别挂断… hold up 举起 hold back 阻碍 hold off 不使挨近；挡住；耽搁 hold down 压制 hold on to 坚持 hold in 压住; 忍耐; 抑制6. Finally, I returned the bow. 最后我鞠躬还了礼。(1) return 及物动词，回应；回报；归还当“归还”讲时与give back同义，return sth. to sb. 意为“把某物还给某人”。例：He returned her greeting. 他回应了她的问候。 Remember to return the books to the library. 记得把书还回图书馆。 (2) 不及物动词，回到；恢复。例：We returned to school in September. 我们9月份回到了学校。His health returned quickly. 他很快恢复了健康。 7. I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face! 我伸出了手（想要握手），可让我吃惊的是，她居然亲吻了我的双颊！(1) to one’s surprise 使/让某人吃惊的是例：To my surprise, she got full marks in the English exam. 使我吃惊的是，她在英语考试中得了满分。【拓展】in surprise 惊奇地be surprised at... 对......感到吃惊be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶(2) both ①　两个；双方；两者都，adj常用在复数名词前作定语。其反义词neither意为“两者都不”。例：Both girls are from America. 两个女孩都来自美国。②　二者，pron. 常用于“both of+代词”或“both of+限定词+名词复数”结构中。例：Both of them like electronic music. 他们两个都喜欢电子音乐。8. Later I found out French people are supposed to kiss when they see each other. 后来我发现法国人见面时应该亲吻对方。【辨析】：find out，look for 与 find find out 发现；找出；查明；多指通过观察，探索而发现事实的真相，通过调查找出原因或发现秘密，找出错误等，通常含有“经过困难曲折”之意。look for 寻找； 是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。find 找到；发现； 通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调“找”的结果。 例：We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事情的真相。I can’t find my coat. I’m looking for it everywhere. 我找不到我的外套了，我正在到处找它。 9. We don’t like to rush around, so we don’t mind if people are a little late sometimes. 我们不喜欢匆匆忙忙的，所以有时如果有人迟到一会儿，我们也不介意。①run → run →run v.跑【拓展】rush out 冲出去 rush hour 交通拥挤时间 rush around 匆匆忙忙；东奔西跑 run away =flee 逃跑 run out of =use up 用完 run off 跑掉 (其后不直接跟宾语，常与 to/ from 连用) 例：All the students ran off from their classroom to the playground when the earthquake happened. 地震发生时，所有的学生都从教室跑向操场。10. If you tell a friend you’re going to their house for dinner, it’s OK if you arrive a bit late.如果你告诉一个朋友你要去他们家吃晚饭，你晚到一会儿也没关系。a bit 稍微；有点，修饰形容词、副词的比较级。【辨析】a bit 与 a little①相同点：a bit 和 a little 作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿, 有些”。例：He walked a bit / a little slowly.他走路有点慢。②a little 可直接修饰名词；而 a bit 后须加 of 才可以。例：There is a little water in the bottle.= There is a bit of water in the bottle.③not a little = very / quite 很，非常，作定语和宾语时，相当于 much not a bit = not at all 一点也不，作宾语时则相当于 not much。例：He is not a little (= very) hungry. 他饿极了。He is not a bit (= not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。drop by 顺便拜访，可以直接使用,也可以在 by 后面加表示地点的词。例：Drop by often when you are free.有空时常来拜访。drop by sb. = drop in on sb. 顺便走访某人drop by one’s home = drop in (at) +地点拜访„【拓展】drop in 拜访；到访，后接人时,要借助于介词 on； drop in on sb. 后接地点时要借助于介词 at。例：Don’t forget to drop in on your teacher. = Don’t forget to drop in at your teacher’s home. 不要忘了顺便去拜访一下你的老师。12. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! 我们经常只是在镇中心闲逛，尽可能多地见到我们的朋友！as... as one can = as ... as possible尽可能……地 13. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. 所以当我与我的朋友们见面的时候，我努力准时到。make an effort to do sth.努力做某事14. Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first. 而且，我们从不未通电话便拜访朋友家。without 没有 prep. 后接名词、代词或动词-ing15. When you go abroad, it is important to bring your passport. 当你出国时，带上你的护照很重要。①abroad adv.在国外；到国外 adv. 前面不加介词例：My father often goes abroad. abroad【拓展】go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外16. After class, students are expected to clean the chalk off the blackboard.下课后，学生们应该把黑板上的粉笔擦干净。clean ... off 把……擦掉clean up 把……打扫干净（v. + adv.） clean up the table = clean the table up17.Where I’ m from, we’ re pretty relaxed about time.在我们国家, 我们对时间相当宽松。relax v. 放松relaxing adj. 使人放松的，令人感到轻松的relaxed adj. “宽松的，不加以约束的”，后面常接介词 about。be relaxed about 对……感到放松，对……比较随意例：My parents are relaxed about my clothes. 我的父母对我的服装不加约束。【拓展】relaxation n. ①“放松，消遣”时, 是不可数名词；②“休闲活动”是可数名词。例：You look very relaxed. Aren’t you busy now? 你看起来很放松。你现在不忙吗？18.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. 我们珍视日常生活中和家人及朋友共度的时光。①value v“重视；珍视 n“价值” → valuable adj. 贵重的；宝贵的例：Which do you value, wealth or health? 你珍视哪一种,财富还是健康?② every day 每天= each day 做状语，放在句末，对其提问用how often He exercises every day。③everyday adj. 每天的，作定语，修饰名词，放在名词之前everyday English 日常英语例：Cooking breakfast is her everyday job. 做早饭是她的日常工作。19. 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.如果你迟到 15 分钟，你的朋友或许会生气。①get mad 大动肝火；气愤例：Father won't get mad about your mistake. 父亲不会为你的错失生气的【拓展】mad adj. 很生气；疯的 be mad at sb.= be angry with sb. =对某人生气例：She was mad at her husband for forgetting her birthday. 她因为她的丈夫忘了她的生日而生气。Both brothers are mad about tennis. 兄弟俩对网球都很入迷。20. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic. 我总是早早地就离开家以避免交通堵塞。①avoid v.避免avoid doing sth.避免做某事【拓展】后接 v-ing 形式作宾语的动词还有：practice 练习 enjoy 喜欢 keep 保持 mind 介意 suggest 建议②traffic n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆heavy traffic 交通繁忙，交通拥堵，车水马龙例：He got home late because of the heavy traffic. 他回家晚是因为交通拥挤之故。21. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together. 我们通常计划做一些有趣的事，或者一起去某地。①plan to do 计划做某事②go somewhere 去某地 somewhere adv. 在某处；到某处例：I'm not going home yet. I have to go somewhere else first. 我还不准备回家，我要先去别的地方。【注意】：somewhere 是副词，前面不可用介词【拓展】somewhere 常用于肯定句中，anywhere(任何地方)常用于否定句和疑问句中。在疑问句中，如果是委婉语气的句子，要用就用 somewhere；如果不是委婉语气的句子，要用 anywhere。例：I didn't go anywhere in the neighbourhood. 我没有到附近什么地方去过。22. It’s important to be on time. 准时很重要。be important to sb. 对某人来说非常重要23. In many eastern European countries, you take off your gloves before shaking hands. 在许多东欧国家，你在握手之前应该摘掉手套。take ( take →took → taken) v 带来从（讲话者）拿走【拓展】 take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管 take hold of 握住 take off 脱下/(飞机等）起飞 take out 取出 take a look 看一看 take away 拿走 take exercise 做运动 take it easy 不紧张 take one’s time 从容不迫24. But it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture. 但是如果你想理解另外一种文化，这样的麻烦是值得的。be worth doing sth 值得做某事Section B重点单词及短语1. empty 空的；空洞的 adj.可在句中作表语或定语。其反义词为 full（满的）。例：This is an empty cup. 这是一个空杯子。排空；倒空；及物动词，其反义词为fill（装满，填满）例：Just now he emptied the cup. 刚才他把杯子倒空了。【拓展】empty 排空；倒空 vt. 反义词为 fill2. basic 基础的；基本的 adj.base 基础；基地；底部 n.例：You should master the basic theory of language teaching.你应该掌握语言教学的基本理论。3. exchange 交换 n.in exchange for…交换……例：An exchange of ideas is helpful. 相互交流想法是有帮助的。 I offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week’s holiday. 我提出粉刷厨房，作为一周假期的交换。【拓展】exchange 交换 v. exchange… for…用…换…exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物例：Don’t exchange photographs of yours or any family member’s on the Internet. 别在网上交换你的或任何家人的照片。 Can I exchange two apples for four oranges? 我可以用两个苹果换四个橘子吗？Shall I exchange addresses with you? 我们彼此留下地址好吗？4. behave 表现；举止 v.例：She behave well. 她举止得当。behave oneself 表现良好behavior 表现 n.例：Class, please behave yourself! 同学们，请规矩些！5. except 除……之外 prep.后接可数名词、代词、动词不定式、从句等，表示把某人或某物从某一范围内排除出去，即不包括在内。例：They all went to the museum last Sunday except him. 除了他以外，上周日他们都去博物馆了。suggestion 建议 n. 可数名词例：I have a suggestion to make. 我有个建议要提。【拓展】suggest 建议 v.重点句子1. In China, you’re not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food. 在中国，你不应该把你的筷子插进食物里。（1）stick into 插入；伸入例：Don’t stick your fork into your food. 别把叉子插入食物中。（2）chopstick 筷子，可数名词，常用复数形式例：We usually eat noodles with chopsticks. 我们通常用筷子吃面条。【拓展】常以复数形式出现的名词socks袜子 shoes鞋子 glasses眼镜 noodles面条 trousers裤子 pants长裤 shorts短裤 gloves 手套2. They go out of their way to make me feel at home.他们竭力使我感觉像在自己家里一样。①go out of one’s way 特地；格外努力go out of one’s way to do sth = try one’s best to do sth 竭力做好某事例：He would go out of his way to help anyone in trouble. 他常不怕麻烦去帮助有困难的人【拓展】 all the way 一路上 in no way 决不 by the way 顺便提一下，另外in a way 在某点，在某种程度上 by way of 经由，通过……方式 get in the way 挡道 in one's / the way 妨碍，阻碍 in this way 用这种方法 lead the way 带路，引路lose one's way 迷路 on the / one's way (to) 在去„„的路上②make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归【拓展】make mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make one’s bed 整理床铺make a noise 制造噪音 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友3. I’m very comfortable speaking French now. 我现在讲法语感到轻松自如。be comfortable doing sth. 做某事很轻松, 乐意做某事例：I feel comfortable talking with you. 和你讲话感觉很舒服。4. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上表现得体。behave v. 表现；举止 → behavior n. 行为；举止；习性；态度例：He behaves himself like a man. 他表现得像一男子汉。5. I thought that was pretty strange at first. 起初我认为那非常奇怪。pretty ① adv.“颇；相当地”常用于口语，只可以修饰其他形容词或副词。例：After six months, I could speak Chinese pretty well. 6个月之后, 我就能讲相当好的汉语了②adj. 漂亮的；秀丽的；好看的例：What a pretty little garden! 多么漂亮的小花园！【注意】pretty 语气较 beautiful 弱,且大多用来指年轻的女性, 一般不用来描写成年男性。pretty 也可以用于男女儿童, 表示漂亮、活泼、可爱。6.…you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread.除了面包，你不应该用双手吃任何东西。except prep. 除……之外【辨析】except “除……之外”（不包含在内）besides “除……之外（还）”（指除去的部分包括在前面提到的范围之内。）7. Another thing is that it’s impolite to say that you’re full.另一件事情是你说吃饱了是不礼貌的。full 吃饱的；满的，充满的adj.【辨析】be full of/ (be) filled with①相同点“充满……”, 有时可以换用。②be full of 指“充满的”这一状态(be) filled with 通常指动作。8.…but I gradually getting used to it. 但是我逐渐习惯。get used to = be used to，“习惯于某事或做某事的意思”， to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，不能跟动词原形。例：They have got used to getting up early in the morning. 他们已习惯早起。be / get used to 结构可以用于各种时态中,。例：You’ll be / get used to the work soon. 你不久就会习惯这个工作的【注意】used to do sth.“过去常常”，在这里 to 是动词不定式符号；be used to do sth.和 be used for doing sth.“被用来做某事”，是被动结构。例：John used to smoke. 约翰过去抽烟。This kind of wood can be used to make violins.这种木头可以用来制作小提琴。【辨析】get/be used to (doing) sth, used to do sth 与 be used to do sth get/be used to (doing) sth 习惯于（做）某事；to为介词，其后可接名词，代词或动词-ing形式。可用于现在，过去，将来等多种时态。used to do sth 过去常常做某事 只用于过去时态be used to do sth 被用于做某事 是被动语态，动词不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。 9. You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork.你必须把它切碎，用叉子吃。cut up 切碎；切开【拓展】cut down 砍倒 cut one’s hair 理发 cut up 切碎 cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断，停止