鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit10 知识清单 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit10 知识清单 素材，共24页。
Unit 10 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 6Section A重点单词及短语1. survey 调查 n.常用短语make/do a survey of….. 对….做调查，of后可接名词，代词或动词-ing形式。例：They did/made a survey of river pollution last week. 上周他们对河流污染做了一个调查。2. standard 标准；水平；n. 可数名词the standard of ……的标注meet the standards 达到标准 例：The standard of their work was very high. 他们的工作水准很高。Food must meet safety standards. 食品必须达到安全标准。 3. row 一排；一列；一行 n.in a row 连续几次地，在句中作状语。 例：Jane has won the prize twice in a row. 简已经连续两次获得这个奖项了。 【拓展】in a row 成一排 in rows成排，成行地例：He asked the children to stand in a row. 他要求孩子们站成一排。 row 划（船）v.例：He rowed across the lake. 他划船到湖对岸。 4. instruction 指示；命令 n.instructions （pl.） 指示；命令；用法说明【辨析】instruction 与 directioninstruction 指示；命令；用法说明。表示详细的一步一步的具体指引，常用复数 例：The instructions on the medicine box are very confusing. 药箱上的说明很混乱。direction 方向；指引；说明。表示一个方向性的指引，没有一步步的具体指示 例：We can find him in this direction. 我们可以从这个方向找到他。【拓展】关于 instruction 的短语：① follow the instructions for 遵循….的说明例：You should follow the instructions for making a cake.你应该遵循做蛋糕的说明。② instructions on (how to do ) sth. （如何做）某事的指示。例：Can you give me some instructions on how to deal with it? 你能给我一些如何处理这件事的指示吗？③ instructions to do sth. 做某事的指示。例：Here are the instructions to take the medicine.这是服药说明。④ on sb.’s instructions 遵照某人的指示。例：While operating the machine, you’d better be on your teacher’s instructions.操作机器时，你最好遵照你的老师的指示。5. double 加倍；是…两倍 v.例：The cost of living doubled this year. 今年的生活费用增加了一倍。【拓展】① double 双重的；两人用的 adj.例：double windows 双层窗 a bad bed 双人床② double 双倍的；两倍的 adj.例：Leave the dough to rise until it is double in size. 让面团发酵，直到变大一倍。6. overcome 克服；战胜 v.overcome→（过去式）overcame →（过去分词）overcome例：You have to overcome your shyness. 你必须克服自己的羞怯。graduate 毕业；获得学位 v. graduation 毕业n. graduate from 从….毕业例：He will graduate from high school in May.他将在5月份从高中毕业。8. ours 我们的 pron.ours 相当于 our + 名词，可在句中作主语、表语或宾语。例：I’ll show you to your room. Ours is just next. 我带你去你的房间， 我们的（房间）就在隔壁。（作主语）The black car is ours. 那辆黑色的小汽车是我们的。（作表语）Their school is far from ours. 他们的学校离我们很远。（作宾语）【拓展】名词性物主代词在句中独立使用，其后不接名词，它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词” 例：This book is mine = This is my book. 这是我的书。 重点句子1. a friend helping me with a problem 帮助我解决问题的一个朋友help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事例：She often helps me with English after school. 放学后她经常帮助我学英语。= She often helps me (to) learn English after school【拓展】① with the help of sb. = with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 without one’s help 没有某人的帮助例：If I need any help, I’ll call you. 如果我需要帮助，我会打电话给你。② help oneself to sth. 随便吃/喝…..例：Help yourselves to some fish, children! 孩子们，随便吃点鱼吧!③ help sb. out 帮助某人解决难题/摆脱困境。其中 out 为副词，宾语为人称代词时需置于 help 与 out 之间。例：I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我解不出这道数学题。请帮帮我。④ can’t/couldn’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事，忍不住做某事例：She couldn’t help crying when she heard the news. 她听到这个消息时忍不住哭了起来。2. did homework carefully to meet the standards of a strict teacher. 认真做家庭作业以达到（要求）严格的老师的标准。① meet the standards 符合标准standard 标准；水平 n.例：The standard of their work was very high. 他们的工作水平很高。② strict 严厉的；严格的 adj. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格例：Our English teacher is very strict with us, and she is also very strict in her work. 我们的英语老师对我们要求很严格，她对工作也很严格。3.…learned to play the keyboard in music class 在音乐课上学会了弹琴。（1）learn to do sth. 学会做某事例：We should learn to relax. 我们应该学会放松。【拓展】① learn about 了解；知道例：The more you learn about the Chinese history, the more you enjoy living in China. 你对中国历史了解得越多，你就越喜欢住在中国。② learn from sb. 向某人学习例：We should learn from our monitor. 我们应该向班长学习。③ learn…by oneself 自学 = teach oneself例：The man can learn English by himself. 这个人可以自学英语。= The man can teach himself English.④ learn + that 认识到例：He has learned that dishonesty does not pay. 他已明白不诚实是没有好处的。(2) play the keyboard 演奏键盘式电子乐器play 与表示乐器的名词连用时，乐器名词前必须加定冠词 the；而当 play 与表示球类运动的名词连用时，球类名词前不能加任何冠词。例：play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴play basketball 打篮球 play soccer 踢足球4. Someone was advised to take a break from running by a teacher. 有人被老师建议暂时停止跑步，休息一下。（1）advise 劝告；建议 v.advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事例：I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时机。【拓展】① advise sb. on/about 关于….给某人忠告/建议例：The teachers advise students about study.老师就学习问题给学生提出了建议。（2）take a break 休息一会take a break from (doing) sth. 暂停/中断（做）某事，休息一下例：Let’s take a break from working. 咱们停下工作，休息一会儿吧。5. Who wants to study medicine? 谁想学医？（1）study 学习；研究 v.【辨析】study 与 learnstudy 用于较高深的或周密的“研究”，侧重指学习的过程 例：He is studying at Peking University. 他在北京大学学习。learn 侧重学到的成果，意为“学到；学会” 例：You must learn to be patient. 你必须学会有耐心。medicine 医学；医术 n. medical 医学的；医疗的 adj.例：Modern medicine in China is developing fast. 中国的现代医学正在快速发展。【拓展】① medicine 指内服药时，为不可数名词；指药物种类时，为可数名词。② take the medicine 吃/服药，一般不用 eat 或 drink。6. I know that Ms. Lee was always patient with you in math class. 我知道在数学课上李老师对你总是很有耐心。patient 有耐心的；能忍耐的 adj. be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心例：I am patient with my sister. 我对我妹妹有耐心。【扩展】① patient 病人 n.② patiently 耐心地 adv.7. She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were. 无论问题有多难，她都帮助你，让你自己算出答案。（1）work out 解决；算出work out fine/well 奏效例：This problem is so hard that I can’t work it out. 这道题太难了，我解不出来。 （2）no matter how 无论多么；不管怎样“no matter + 疑问词”结构引导让步状语从句时，可以和“疑问词+ever”呼唤。例：No matter how (=However) difficult it is, we can finish it on time. 无论多么困难，我们都能按时完成。8.…Mr Brown guided me to do a lot better in science. ….布朗老师指导着我在科学上做得更好。（1）guide 引导；指导 v.guide sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事guide sb. to + 地点名词指引某人去某地例：He can guide you to find the way.他可以带你找到路。a lot …得多，修饰比较级，表示程度例：Now I feel a lot more confident. 现在我感觉自信多了。【拓展】常见的修饰比较级的短语：① much/a lot +比较级 ….得多例：He’s feeling much better today. 他今天感觉好多了。② a bit/ a little +比较级稍微….例：Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow？你明天能早点来学校吗?③ even +比较级甚至….例：This book is even more useful than that one. 这本书比那本书更有用。④ 倍数，分数等表示数量的词可放在比较级前例：This box is three times larger than that one. 这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。9. She encouraged me in English class. 她在英语课上鼓励我。encourage 鼓励；激励；支持 v. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. in sth. 在…方面鼓励某人/助长某人的某种行为例：Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves. 父母应该鼓励孩子自己做事情。【拓展】encouragement 鼓舞；鼓励 n.10. Because of her, I put in more effort and my exam scores doubled. 因为她，我付出了更多的努力，我的考试分数翻了一倍。（1）put in effort 付出努力 put in 投入；付出；花费（时间、精力等）例：If you want to get good grades, you must put in more effort. 如果你想取得好成绩，你必须更加努力。【拓展】put in 的其他含义①插话 ②插入；放进11. Shall we get each of them a card and gift to say thank you ?我们给他们每个人买一张卡片和一件礼物来道谢好吗？（1）“shall we +动词原形+其他？”为表示建议的句型，表示说话人征求对方意见，语气比较委婉，意为“我们…好吗？”例：- Shall we go to see a film tonight? 我们今晚一起去看电影好吗？- Good idea. 好主意【拓展】常见的表建议的句型：① What/ How about doing sth…? 做某事怎么样？② Why not do…? = Why don’t you do ?为什么不做？③ You’d better do… 你最好做….④ Would you like to do…? 你想做…?⑤ Let’s (not) do… 咱们（不）做…⑥ Could you please do…? 你做….好吗？⑦ Would you mind doing…? 你介意做…吗？shall 此处用作情态动词，意为“要，当下”，不能单独作谓语，要与实义动词连用。常用句型 Shall I/we…? 意为“…好吗？” 例：Shall I turn on the light ? 我能打开这个灯吗？【拓展】shall 还可以用作助动词，意为“将要；将会”。其后接动词原形，构成一般将来时结构，句子的主语通常是第一人称（I 或 we），其他人称作主语时，要用“will+动词原形”。例：We shall be there before dark. 天黑前我们将到那里。（3）each of …中的每一个，后接可数名词的复数形式或人称代词宾格的复数形式，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例：Each of the students has eaten a hamburger. 每个学生都吃了一个汉堡包。【辨析】：each 与 everyeach 形容词 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，侧重个体 代词 可作主语或宾语，其后可跟介词 ofevery 形容词 指三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，侧重总体，不能单独使用12. Pride of overcoming fear. 让我克服恐惧，自豪之情充满胸膛。（1）pride 骄傲；自豪n.take pride in 对…感到自豪；以…为荣例：We took pride in what he has done. 我们为他所做的事感到自豪。13. Preparing for art festivals. 为艺术节做准备。prepare 使（自己）有准备 v. preparation 准备；预备 n. prepare for 为…做准备例：I can’t go to the movies with you because I have to prepare for an exam. 我不能和你一起去看电影，因为我不得不为考试做准备。prepare sth. 准备某物例：Our English teacher is preparing the lessons. 我们的英语老师正在备课。prepare to do sth. 准备做某事例：Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared to write to his parents. 他拿出一张纸，准备写首诗。14. And making a great big mess. 结果弄得一团糟。mess 混乱；杂乱；不整洁make a mess 弄得一团糟例：She makes a mess of the job. 她把工作搞得一团糟。in a mess 乱七八糟，表示状态例：Her room was in a terrible mess. 她的房间乱七八糟。15. Wishing everyone the best 给予大家最好的祝福【辨析】wish 与 hopewish （1） wish to do sth. 希望做某事 例：I wish to place an order right now. 我想现在就下订单。 （2） wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 例：I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得进步。 （3） wish + that 从句，表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望” 例：I wish I could fly like a bird. 我希望我能像鸟一样飞。 （4） 表示良好的“祝愿”，后接“宾语+宾补” 例：I wish you happy. 祝你快乐。hope （1） hope to do sth. 希望做某事 例：We hope to see you again. 我们希望再见到你。 （2）hope + that 从句，表示可以实现的“希望”或能达到的“期望”例：We hope that we can see you again. 希望我们能再次见到你。16. And now it’s time to graduate. 现在到了毕业的时候了。（1）It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. 该做某事了；到做某事的时候了 例：It’s time to have breakfast. = It’s time for breakfast. 到吃早饭的时间了。It’s time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了；某人该做某事了例：It’s time for you to clean the classroom. 到你打扫教室的时间了。（2）graduate 毕业；获得学位 v.graduation n. 毕业graduate from 从….毕业I’m trying to keep my cool. 我在尽力保持冷静。cool 沉着的；冷静的 adj.keep one’s cool 沉住气；保持冷静例：We should learn to keep our cool in difficult situations. 我们应该学会在困难的情况下保持冷静。keep/stay cool 保持冷静18. How have you changed since you started junior high school? 自从开始上初中，你是怎样改变的？①　Since 自从；自……以来，conj。引导时间状语从句，该从句常用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。例：I have learned English since I was seven. 我从七岁起就学英语了。②　因为；既然；conj。引导原因状语从句。例：Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.既然这种方法不起作用，我们试试另一种吧。③　自……以来，prep。例：We haven’t seen each other since last year. 自去年以来我们彼此没见过。 19. In Grade 7, I studied harder but I still got poor grades in English. 在七年级，我学习更刻苦了，但我的英语成绩仍然很差。grade 成绩等级；评分等级 n.get poor grades 取得糟糕的成绩get good grades 取得好成绩例：I often got poor grades when I was in Grade Seven. 在七年级的时候我的成绩经常很糟糕。 20. I had problems with pronunciation and reading texts. 我在发音和阅读课文上有困难。have problems with sth. 在某方面有困难例：I have problems with spelling sometimes. 我有时在拼写方面有问题。【拓展】have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事很费劲/有困难，其中 problems 可用 trouble 或 difficulty 来代替。例：We had some problems/difficulty/trouble getting to the top of the mountain.我们到达山顶有一些困难。21. I can’t believe how fast the time went by! 我不能相信时间流逝得如此快！（1）此句中 how 引导了一个感叹句，作 believe 的宾语。how 修饰形容词或副词。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用连系动词；如果 how 修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用实义动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！例：How happy they look! 他们看起来多开心啊!（2）go by（时间）流逝；过去 = pass (by)例：Two years went by. 两年过去了。22. This year, with Mr. Trent’s help, my English level has been improving and I hope to get good grades at the end of the year. 今年，在特伦特老师的帮助下，我的英语水平一直在提高，我希望在年底取得好成绩。（1）with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 例：I’ll learn English better with my deskmate’s help. 在同桌的帮助下，我会把英语学得更好。（2）level （文化、学问等的）水平 n.例：She studies hard to improve her French level. 她努力学习以提高她的法语水平。at the end of… 在…的末尾；在…的尽头，可以表示地点，也可以表示时间。例：You can see a bookshop at the end of the road. 在这条路的尽头你可以看到一家书店。Section B重点单词及短语1. degree（大学）学位 n.get a business degree 获得商科学位【扩展】degree 的其他含义①度数例：The temperature was ten degrees centigrade this morning.今天早上温度是10摄氏度。②程度例：She has a high degree of ability in English. 她在英语方面有超高的技能。2. manager 经理；经营者 n.由动词 manage（经营；管理）+后缀-(e)r 构成的例：Mr.Black is the manager of the hotel. 布莱克先生是这家旅馆的经理。3.ceremony 典礼；仪式 n.例：The ceremony was simple but perfect. 仪式简单而完美。【扩展】各种各样的“典礼；仪式”a wedding ceremony 结婚典礼 a graduation ceremony 毕业典礼a prize-giving ceremony 颁奖典礼 an opening ceremony 开幕式a closing ceremony 闭幕式4. congratulate 祝贺 v.① congratulate sb. 向某人祝贺例：I want to congratulate you with all my heart.我想向你表示衷心的祝贺。② congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事向某人祝贺例：We congratulated him on having passed the exam. 我们祝贺他通过例考试。【拓展】congratulation 祝贺n. 常用复数形式表示祝贺。offer/send your congratulations to sb 向某人表示祝贺例：Give Jim my congratulations. 代我向吉姆表示祝贺。5. lastly 最后；终于 adv.一般位于句首，通常用于列举事情的场合，指按顺序的“最后”。其同义词为 finally。例：Lastly, we’re going to visit Athens and fly home from there. 最后，我们将访问雅典，然后从那里飞回家。6. task 任务；工作 n.【辨析】：task，work 与 jobtask 可数名词 一般指必须完成的任务。 例：Mother set me the task of sweeping the floor. 母亲交给我扫地的任务。work 不可数名词 常指正式职业的经常性、一般性工作。 例：At work 在工作； out of work 失业job 可数名词 多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，尤指在某一行业的工作、职业。 例：Washing the windows is not my job. 擦窗户不是我的工作。7. ahead 向前面；在前面 adv主要用作状语，有时也用作后置定语或表语。例：He kept his gaze fixed on the car ahead. 他的目光一直盯着前面的那辆小汽车。8. responsible 有责任心的 adjbe responsible for... 对……有责任；负责任其主语通常是人。 例：Parents should be responsible for their children’s safety. 父母应该对子女对安全负责。 【拓展】responsibility 责任 n.例：It’s your responsibility to keep the room clean and tidy. 保持房间干净整洁是你的职责。9. separate 单独的；分离的 adjgo your separate ways 分路而行；分手例：The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子们睡在各自的床上。 重点句子1. Mrs. Chen believes in all of them and tells them to “go for it”. 陈老师信任他们所有的人，告诉他们“为此而努力争取”。believe in 信赖；信任例：They need a government to believe in. 他们需要一个值得信任的政府。【辨析】believe in sb.与believe sb.believe in sb. 信任某人的所作所为，强调品质。believe sb. 相信某人所说的话，与这个人的品质无关。2. They ask Mrs. Chen to come, and she is happy to accept the invitation. 他们邀请陈老师来（参加），她很高兴地接受了这个邀请。（1）accept 接受 v. → refuse 拒绝 v.例：I can accept his invitation. 我可以接受他的邀请。【辨析】accept 与 receiveaccept 接受 指主观上愿意接受receive 收到 指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受例：I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it. 我昨天收到了他的礼物，但我不想接受它。（2）invitation 邀请；请柬 n. invite 邀 请 v.例：Thanks for your invitation. 谢谢你的邀请。3. Thank you for coming today to attend the graduation ceremony at NO. 3 Junior High School.感谢你们今天来参加第三初级中学的毕业典礼。（1）Thank you/Thanks for… 因…而感谢【辨析】thanks for 与 thanks tothanks for 因…而感谢 后接感谢的原因thanks to 多亏；由于；幸亏 并无当面感谢的意思，其后可接名词或代词，有时可与 with the help of 互换（2）ceremony 典礼；仪式 n.例：The ceremony was simple but perfect. 仪式简单而完美。【拓展】各种各样的“典礼；仪式”a wedding ceremony 结婚典礼 a graduation ceremony 毕业典礼a prize-giving ceremony 颁奖典礼 an opening ceremony 开幕式a closing ceremony 闭幕式4. First of all, I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today. 首先，我想祝贺今天所有在座的同学们。（1）first of all 首先；第一，用来说明事物的排列顺序，常放在句首作状语，后面用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开，用来强调首要的事情或动作。【辨析】first of all 与 at firstfirst of all 首先 用来说明事物的排列顺序，后面常与 next, then 等连用，语气比 first 要强烈at first 起初 用于强调事情发生的先后顺序，暗示后来的情况有所发生，常与 later, soon 等连用例：If you want to keep healthy, first of all, you should do more exercise. 如果你想保持健康，首先，你应该多做运动。At first I didn’t like English, but now I do. 起初我不喜欢英语，但现在我喜欢了。5. You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge. 你们所有人都充满了活力，渴求知识。（1）energy 活力；精力 n. energetic 精力充沛的 adj.例：Young people usually have lots of energy. 年轻人通常精力充沛。（2）thirsty 口渴的 adj.be thirsty for 渴求；渴望例：He is thirsty for getting more love from his parents. 他渴望从父母那里得到更多的爱。6. And yes, some of you were a little difficult to deal with! 当然，你们中有些同学有点儿难以对付！deal with 处理；对付【辨析】deal with 与 do withdeal with 常与疑问词 how 连用，强调处理问题的方式、方法do with 常与疑问词 what 连用，强调内容，侧重于对某物的利用例：How do you deal with the waste water? 你们如何处理废水?What did you do with the bike? 你把自行车怎么了?7. You’ve all grown up so much and I’m so proud of you. 你们都成长了许多，我为你们感到无比自豪。（1）grow 生长；成长 v. grow up 成长；长大例：I grow up in Chicago.（2）【辨析】so 与suchso 副词 后接形容词或副词 so + adj./adv. 例：It’s so cold outside. 外面太冷了。 so + adj. + a/an + n. so + 表示数量的词（many/much/few/little）+ n. such 形容词 后接名词或名词短语 such (a/an) + adj. + n. 例：I’m sorry I have no such bags. 对不起，我没有这样的包。 some/any/no + such + n. （3）be proud of 以…而骄傲/自豪例：The young mother was proud of her son. 那位年轻的母亲为她的儿子感到骄傲。8. Although you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone. 在过去的三年里，尽管你们学习都很艰苦，但你们都不是单枪匹马作战。none of 没有一个…，作主语时，若 of 后接复数名词或复数代词，谓语动词用单复数皆可，若 of 后接单数名词、单数代词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。None 即可指人又可指物，可用来回答 how many 引导的特殊疑问句。例：None of us have/has seen him. 我们谁也没有见过他。【辨析】none of, all of, both of, neither of 与 either ofnone of 用于三者或三者以上 表否定 所有的人（或物）都不… 作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数应视 of 后的名词或代词的数而定all of 表肯定 所有的人（或物）都… 作主语时，谓语动词用复数both of 用于两者之间 表肯定 两者都… 作主语时，谓语动词用复数neither of 表否定 两者都不… 作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数either of 表肯定 两者中任一… 作主语时，谓语动词用单数例 ：None of these cars is/are new. 这些卡车中没有一辆是新的。All of us go to school every day. 我们所有人每天都去上学。Both of the boys are clever. 这两个男孩都很聪明。Neither of the films is good.这两部电影都不好。Could either of you lend me five pounds? 你俩谁能借给我五英镑。9. Please consider what they’ve done for you and what they mean to you. 请认真想一想他们为你们做过什么，他们对你们来说意味着什么。（1）句中 and 连接两个并列的宾语从句，均作 consider 的宾语，并且两个 what 都在从句中作宾语。（2）mean 意味着 v.mean doing sth. 意味着做某事例：Accepting the job means living abroad. 接受这份工作意味着在国外居住。【拓展】① mean 后可接名词或宾语从句例：Don’t let him see you. It will only mean trouble. 别让他看见你。那只会带来麻烦。② What do/does…mean? …是什么意思？= What’s the meaning of…? 或 What do you mean by…?例：What do this word mean? 这个词是什么意思? = What’s the meaning of this word?= What do you mean by this word?10. Never fail to be thankful to the people around you. 永远不要忘记对你们身边的人心存感恩之情。（1）此句为否定结构的祈使句。祈使句的否定结构多为“Don’t + 动词原形”开头，但若要加强语气，可用 never 替代 don’t， 意为“千万不要…；一定别…”例：Never use dirty words on others. 不要对别人说脏话。（2）never fail to do sth. 用在祈使句中，意为“千万/一定别忘了做某事”，用在陈述句中意为“总会做某事；从来不会忘记做某事”。例：Never fail to exercise more. 一定要多锻炼。fail to do sth. 未能/没能做某事例：I failed to pass the driving test. 我没有通过驾驶考试。（4）be thankful to sb. 对某人心存感激be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事而对某人心存感激例：I was thankful for her help.我感谢她的帮助。11. Lastly, the end of junior high school is the beginning of a new life. 最后，初中生活的结束其实是新生活的开始。（1）lastly 最后；终于 adv.一般位于句首，通常用于列举事情的场合，指按顺序的“最后”。其同义词为 finally。例：Lastly, we’re going to visit Athens and fly home from there.最后，我们将游览雅典，然后从那儿乘飞机回国。 the beginning of …的开始，其反义短语为 the end of …的结尾例：Tears are just the beginning of pain.【拓展】含有 beginning 的常见短语：① at the beginning 和 in the beginning 起初；开始，通常可以互换。例：You’ll find it difficult to learn English at the beginning.起初，你会觉得学英语很难。In the beginning I didn’t know this. 开始我不知道这件事。②at the beginning of 在…之初例：At the beginning of 1975, he came back to China. 1975年年初，他回到了中国。12. I don’t need to tell you that life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you. 你们一定知道高中的生活将更辛苦，并且在你们前面会有很多艰巨的任务。ahead 向前面；向前面 adv. ahead of 在…前面例：He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。【拓展】go ahead 好吧；去吧；干吧13. But along with difficulties, there will also be many exciting things waiting for you. 然而除了困难，也会有很多令人振奋的事情等着你。（1）along with 连同；除…以外还例：Along with these problems, we have to think about money.除了这些问题，我们不得不考虑一下钱的问题。【拓展】along with 与…一起… = together with例：They often play games along with their teachers. 他们经常和老师一起玩游戏。（2）there will be 将有；会有 = There is/are going to be例：There will be a film this evening.今晚将有一场电影。（3）wait for 等待wait for sb. to do sth. 等某人做某事例：I’ll wait for you at the door. 我在门口等你。14. Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make your own choices. 在每一扇你们打开的后门面蕴藏的是学习新事物的机会，并且你们有做出自己的选择的能力。（1）ability 能 力 n.(have) the ability to do sth. （有）做某事的能力例：He has the ability to speak French fluently. 他能流利地说法语。（2）choice 选择 n.choose 选择 v.make one’s own choice(s) 做出某人自己的选择make choices/ a choice 做出选择例：Whether you go or not, you’ll have to make your own choice.不管你去不去，你得自己做决定。 have no choice but to do sth. 除做某事以外，别无选择；只好做某事例：I have no choice but to accept the fact. 我别无选择，只能接受这个事实。15. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn’t forget where you came from. 在新的旅行启程之际，你们不应忘了自己来自何处。set out 出发；启程 = set offset out for + 地点出发/启程去某地例：They’ve set out/off on a journey around the world.他们已经出发开始环球旅行了。【拓展】set out 着手；开始；打算set out to do sth. 开始做某事；着手做某事例：He set out to fix up the bike himself. 他着手自己修理自行车。【辨析】journey, trip, travel 与 tourjourney 指“有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程旅行”，尤指“远距离的、陆地旅行” 例：We’ll have a journey from London to Hong Kong. 我们将有一次从伦敦到香港的旅行。trip 指“任何方式的观光旅行或出差”，侧重于“短途旅行，远足” 例：I made a trip to Xi’an yesterday. 我昨天去西安旅行了。travel 泛指一般意义的旅行，指具体的旅行时，常用复数形式 例：My mother isn’t interested in travels. 我妈妈对旅行不感兴趣。tour 指“以观光、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”，含有“最后回到原出发点”的意思例：They are on a wedding tour. 他们正在进行婚礼旅行。16. It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years. 与那些在过去的三年里一起度过这么多时间的人分离总是很难的。separate 分开；分离 v. separate from 分开；隔离例：Separating from my friends makes me very sad.与朋友分离使我感到很难过。 separate A from B 把 A 与 B 分开/分离例：Please separate your books from mine.请把你的书和我的分开。【辨析】separate 与 divideseparate 指把原来结合或混合在一起的人或物“分隔”开，常与 from 搭配 例：Tony, please separate the big apples from the small ones.托尼，请把大苹果和小苹果分开。divide 指把整体“划分”为若干部分，常与 into 搭配 例：The apple is divided into two parts.这个苹果被分成两部分。17. However, we are still excited to set out on a new journey when we enter senior high school. 然而当我们升入高中，我们仍然很兴奋地出发，踏上新的征程。（1）excited 兴奋的 adj.【辨析】excited 与 excitingexcited 主语一般是人 指人对某事感到兴奋，可用于 be excited to do sth. 结构中 例：I was excited to see my English teacher.捡到我的英语老师我很兴奋。exciting 一般用来说明事物 指某事物令人兴奋，即可作表语，也可作定于例：This is an exciting match. 这是一场令人兴奋的比赛。（2）enter 考上（学校或大学）v.【拓展】①表示进入某一具体的空间。例：He entered the room quietly. 他悄悄地走进房间。②表示进入某一组织或某一机构。例：He entered the army last year. 他去年参军了。③表示报名参加考试（比赛等）。例：All his friends entered the examination. 他所有的朋友都参加了考试。18. Even though I am sad that junior high is over, I look/am looking forward to new experiences in senior high! 初中毕业了， 尽管我很伤心，但我期盼高中生活的新体验！（1）experience 经历；体验 n.（可数名词） 例：Tom likes traveling. He has many unusual experiences. 汤姆喜欢旅游，他有许多不寻常的经历。 （2）经验 n.（不可数名词）例：Mrs.Green has a lot of teaching experience. 格林夫人有许多教学经验。（3）look/be looking forward to doing sth. 期盼做某事