专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）-备战2025年高中学业水平合格考英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）.zip

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（2024·北京）There’s a famus stry abut NASA and the Russian space prgramme. It is said that NASA spent millins f dllars develping a pen that wuld write in space. The Russians, n the ther hand, just used a pencil. This stry isn’t true, but it helps illustrate the usefulness f pencils.
The earliest frm f the pencil was a metal stick that was used by the Rmans. The pencil that we knw, hwever, gt its start in England in 1564. In that year, farmers in a cunty nrth f Lndn discvered graphite (石墨), which they called “black lead” and used t mark sheep. There was nly ne prblem: the graphite blackened their hands and clthes. T prevent this frm happening, they cvered sheep skin arund graphite sticks.
The Italians finally thught f putting the graphite int a wden hlder. At first, they dug ut wd and slid the graphite in. Later, thugh, they put the graphite between tw pieces f wd and glued the wd tgether. Then, in 1662, sme Germans learned hw t use pwdered (粉末的) graphite and began mass-prducing pencils.
The next majr develpment ccurred in the mid-18th century, when war brke ut between England and France. Since England had the nly surce f graphite, France was unable t imprt the mineral. This led a Frenchman t mix clay (黏土) with the graphite pwder that he had. By changing the amunt f graphite in the mixture, he culd cntrl the hardness and darkness f the pencil. The HB (Hardness and Blackness) system f pencils was thus brn. Sn after that, pencils were prduced in large numbers and became cmmn everywhere.
Pencils are primarily used t write, but they can serve in ther rles t. Fr example, rub a pencil ver a newly- bught key t ensure that it slides easily int a lck. This methd als wrks with zippers (拉链) that are repeatedly getting stuck. Additinally, use it as a replacement fr a ruler t help yu draw straight lines.
Tday, mre than 15 billin pencils are made each year. Fr many, the pencil is their preferred chice fr a writing tl. Its design may have changed thrughut the years, yet its usefulness has allwed it t cntinue making a mark n ur lives.
1．What des the stry abut the Russian space prgramme help t shw?
A．The darkness f pencils.B．The weakness f pencils.
C．The hardness f pencils.D．The usefulness f pencils.
2．Wh were the first t think f putting the graphite int a wden hlder?
A．Italians.B．Germans.C．Englishmen.D．Frenchmen.
3．What made pencils becme cmmn everywhere?
A．The utbreak f a war.B．The use f glued wd.
C．The birth f the HB system.D．The imprt f the graphite.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The effect f pencils.B．The histry f pencils.
C．The design f pencils.D．The variety f pencils.
（二）
（2024·广东）Have yu ever drawn pictures n yur ntebks when yu are siting in class? If s, yur teacher might have tld yu t stp. Many peple think ddling (胡写乱画) may stp yu paying attentin t what yu are ding. But it might be just the ppsite.
One study shws that ddling may help yu remember things yu hear. In 2009, researchers asked tw grups f peple t listen t a phne message. One grup was encuraged t ddle, but the ther was nt. Neither grup knew that they wuld be asked t remember infrmatin frm the message. But the grup that ddled remembered 29% mre.
Other peple suggest ther uses fr ddling. Jesse Prinz, a prfessr wh studies ddling, says it can help yu think creatively. Walking away frm a prblem t draw might actually help yu slve it. When yu cme back, yu will have a fresh idea and get an answer mre quickly.
An authr named Sunni Brwn wrte a bk n ddling. She argues that ddling is a tl that can help peple think. She admits that peple see ddling as ding nthing but she wants t change that. In fact, she wns a business that helps cmpanies imprve management effectiveness thrugh ddling.
Brwn believes ddling is helpful because it includes mre than ne way f learning. Yu learn in fur ways: seeing, hearing, reading and writing. The mre ways yu use, the better yu learn. And when yu ddle while listening t a lecture, yu are using all fur.
Yu might think that being gd at drawing is imprtant fr ddling. But if the pint f ddling is t help yu think, then it des’t matter what the picture lks like. Even if yu are nt an artist, ddling can help yu. S next time yu need t fcus, pick up a pen and ddle away.
5．What des the last sentence in Paragraph 1 suggest?
A．Drawing might be allwed in class.B．Drawing is the first step t ddle.
C．Ddling might help students fcus.D．Ddling is ppular with students
6．The underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph4 refers t the fact that __________
A．ddling can help peple thinkB．Sunni Brwn des business by ddling
C．peple cnsider ddling as ding nthingD．Sunni Brwn wrte a bk abut ddling
7．Accrding t the last tw paragraphs, ddling __________.
A．helps peple becme better learnersB．is useless in listening t a lecture
C．requires very gd drawing skillsD．des nt attract any artists
8．The purpse f the passage is t __________.
A．d research by ddlingB．slve prblems by ddling
C．help peple learn hw t ddleD．intrduce the benefits f ddling
9．In which sectin f a newspaper can we prbably find this passage?
A．Health.B．Educatin.C．Technlgy.D．Ecnmy.
（三）
（2023·江苏）D yu knw hw many kinds f breakfast cereal (麦片) there are in my lcal supermarket? 165 kinds! That’s just ne prduct. Think abut all the varieties f biscuits, yghurt, and chclate bars. We have s much chice these days. It’s unbelievable!
S all this chice must be a gd thing, right? It makes us happier, right? Well, nt necessarily. Peple like the idea f having a chice, and many peple think mre chice must be a gd thing. But, in fact, t much chice can cause us prblems. If there are t many different things t chse frm, we can’t knw what t chse. If yu ffer me a chice f three ckies, I can decide quickly which ne I want. But if yu ffer me a chice f 33 ckies, my brain crashes.
Anther prblem with t much chice is that we think there must be the perfect ckie smewhere. The fact is, there isn’t — s when we have spent half an hur deciding which ckie we want, we feel dissatisfied, because it’s nt as gd as expected. It’s nt ckie perfectin. And then we begin t regret all the ther ckies we didn’t chse, thinking ne f them might have been better.
S there can be such a thing as t much chice. We need t recgnize that while sme chice is gd, t much can leave us at a lss. We shuld fcus n being pleased with what we chse. I am ging t remember this next time I’m ffered a ckie — chse ne and enjy it!
10．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T sell a prduct.B．T express surprise.
C．T intrduce the tpic.D．T answer a questin.
11．What prblem can t much chice cause?
A．Difficulty in chsing.B．Wrry abut health.
C．A careless decisin.D．A lss f memry.
12．The underlined part “It’s nt ckie perfectin” prbably means ________.
A．we can’t make gd ckiesB．there’s n perfect chice
C．we are pleased with all ckiesD．the ckie desn’t taste delicius
13．Hw will the writer slve the prblem f t much chice accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Recgnize the perfect.B．Make a quick chice.
C．Ignre what is ffered.D．Enjy what is chsen.
（四）
（2023·江苏）Yu drve ten hurs t yur aunt’s huse, and yu’re ready t get sme sleep in the guest rm. But thugh yu’re s tired, sleep just desn’t cme. Yu turn frm side t side in bed all night. And finally, when yu d fall asleep, yu wake up just an hur later. It’s s easy t fall asleep in yur wn bed. S why can’t yu sleep well here?
Martha Htz Vitaterna, a brain scientist, knws all abut this prblem. “In sme sleep research circles, this is called the “first night effect”, she says. “Peple d nt sleep well the first night. There is less slw brainwave activity, meaning nt as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this phenmenn (现象) as well.”
The fact that this happens in ther animals, t, makes scientists think that bad sleep in new places is the result f a very ld prcess inside yur brain. It may date back t the time lng befre humans evlved (进化). When yu’re in yur wn bed, yur brain knws it’s hme and yu will be safe. It can relax and fall int a deep, healthy sleep. But when yu sleep in an unfamiliar place, yur brain stays slightly attentive t make sure n dangers are nearby. Even familiar sunds still make yu wrried. What’s that? Is it dangerus? It wakes up the brain t keep yu ready t escape if yu need t.
But there’s gd news: fr mst peple, after just ne r tw nights in a new place, ur anxius brains start t feel safe again. And finally we can have a full night f sleep.
14．What is the “first night effect”?
A．Pr sleep n the first night.B．Less rapid brainwave activity.
C．Lng deep sleep all night.D．Gd habit f sleeping.
15．Frm paragraph 3 we knw that bad sleep in new places ________.
A．brings danger t healthB．exists nly in humans
C．has bad effects n the brainD．has a very lng histry
16．Why is it harder t sleep in new places?
A．There are real dangers nearby.B．New beds feel uncmfrtable.
C．Peple feel unsafe and wrried.D．The brain stps wrking nrmally.
17．What’s gd news fr mst peple?
A．Brains n lnger feel safe.B．They will have a quick mind.
C．They can finally sleep well.D．Unfamiliar sunds disappear.
（五）
（2022·陕西）A teenager needs t have a sense f independence in their life t feel secure (安全的). T sme teenagers independence means a lt t them, and I think that sme parents dn’t allw their teenagers enugh independence.
Independence has smething t d with freedm. Sme kids are nt allwed t g anywhere alne, and the nly thing their schedule includes is ging t schl, cming hme, ging t sleep, and repeating the prcess the next day. Parents tend t be afraid that their kids can get hurt if they g utside int the wrld. But if parents cntrl their kids t much, they may never learn t live n their wn. The best way fr a teenager t learn lessn is thrugh experience. I think it is beneficial fr teenagers t have freedm.
Teenagers’ lack f freedm can als stp them frm having gd friendship at schl. Sme might say this is a gd thing, because it helps them fcus mre n their schl wrk. I argue that this can nly discurage them nt t d their schl wrk. Sme parents d nt allw their children t be arund their friends utside the schl, thinking that this will get them int truble. But I dn’t think s. Instead, isn’t this a gd reasn fr parents t get their children a cellphne? Cellphnes allw teenagers t stay in tuch with their parents, and cmmunicate with friends.
Privacy is anther issue between parents and their teenagers. Teenagers tend t enjy relaxatin by themselves in their wn rm. This als gives them a sense f independence. It ften annys teenagers when their parents enter their rm when they are nt hme. I knw that my mm always ges in my rm when I’m nt hme, and this has brught me t the pint where I have asked many times t get a lck n my dr.
18．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A．It benefits teenagers t have freedm.B．Sme parents allw their kids n freedm.
C．Kids knw hw t live independently.D．Kids have a dull rutine every day
19．In the pinin f the authr, ________ .
A．it is unnecessary fr a kid t have a cellphne
B．kids shuld fcus n the schl wrk
C．parents shuld make it easy fr kids t cmmunicate with their friends
D．gd friendships between kids harm their schl wrk
20．Hw d teenagers usually feel when their parents enter their rms in their absence?
A．AngryB．LuckyC．DisappintedD．Calm
21．The authr hpes t have her dr lcked in rder t________.
A．keep her father frm reading her dairyB．stp thieves frm ging in
C．prtect herself frm any harmD．prevent her mther entering her rm
（六）
（2023·浙江）Recycling is a great way f ding yur bit fr the envirnment and helping t prtect the earth’s precius resurces. Hwever, a new study has revealed that ur desire t be sustainable maybe ding mre harm than gd. Accrding t waste cmpany Biffa, this is because f “wish-cycling” — assuming that items such as dispsable cffee cup sand pizza bxes will be recycled if put in the recycling bin. In fact, pllutin frm thse items r ther nn-recyclables can result in recyclable items that have been put in the crrect bin ging t landfill. David Heatn, a business directr at Biffa, said: “Pllutin happens when items are dispsed f in the wrng bins r haven’t been cleaned befre being recycled.”
Experts at Biffa analyzed the amunts f nn-target and nn-recyclable materials that entered UK material recycling facilities between 2016 and 2020. It was fund that, in 2016, the average pllutin rate f recycling waste was 13.4 percent, rising ver fur years t 17 percent by the end f 2020. This shws that, even as peple are becming mre ec-cnscius, wish-cycling is increasing bth in husehlds and businesses.
The Biffa experts say that ne f the best ways t prevent pllutin f recycling is t clean recyclable waste befre putting it in the bin. They suggest cutting ff the tp f ld pizza bxes and nly recycling that part t avid pllutin frm the grease (油脂). Check the n-packaging recycling label t check it can actually be recycled When it cmes t plastics, Biffa recmmends checking the resin cde, the number in the plastic triangle, t knw whether it shuld g in the recycling bin. In general, resin cdes 1, 2, 4 and 5 are recyclable, while 3, 6 and 7 are nt. Larger items, like electrnics, furniture and batteries, can als be recycled but ften can nt g in husehld recycling bins as they need specialist separating. These will need t be taken t recycling centers r sustainable waste management cmpanies.
“It’s vital as a natin that we get better at effective ‘pre-cycling’— srting waste crrectly befre cllectin t reduce pllutin rates,” added Mr. Heatn.
22．What’s the truth f “wish-cycling” accrding t the first paragraph?
A．The desire t lead a sustainable life.
B．The gd intentin t help recycling.
C．The habit f thrwing items that end up in landfills.
D．The practice f recycling items that can nt be recycled.
23．What has experts at Biffa cncluded after their analysis?
A．Peple are becming mre ec-cnscius.
B．Wish-cycling is n the rise in recent years.
C．Pllutin happens less frequently in recycling facilities.
D．Peple are used t cleaning recyclable waste befre putting it in the bin.
24．Which f the fllwing is a prper way f recycling?
A．Dispse f electrnics tgether with husehld waste.
B．Skip the step f checking the n-packaging recycling label.
C．Check the resin cde f plastics t see whether it is recyclable r nt.
D．Cutff the tp f ld pizza bx and thrw the rest t the recycling bin.
25．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Recycling: a Big PrjectB．Wish-cycling: a New Trend
C．Wish-cycling: a Grwing CncernD．Pre-cycling: an Effective Methd
（七）
（2023·辽宁）Mre and mre peple are using crwd-funding t pay fr their prjects and create new prducts. Crwdfunding is when a per-sn r business gets many small payments frm a large number f peple. Usually, the way t d this is t use the Internet. In-stead f trying t get a few peple t give thusands f dllars, yu get hundreds f peple, maybe thusands, t give a few dllars. But this is still nt easy. Yu want peple t see the value f yur idea. Hw will yu get them t give the dllars they earn t yu?
*Successful prjects are thse that gt the mney they wanted.
There are websites that make this pprtunity pssible. Kickstarter and GGet-Funding are ppular. Yu create a shrt vide t explain yur prject. The mst imprtant part is getting yur message acrss. Just because yu’ve made yur idea knwn desn’t mean yu will get the mney yu need. Yu still need t sell yur idea. Many peple begin by explaining what the prduct is and then telling why peple need it. Fr example, ne f the mst ppular crwdfunded prducts is a watch. The Pebble watch cnnects with in-frmatin n a smartphne that will send infrmatin t the watch. Mre than 65,000 peple gave mney fr this prduct.Crwdfunding raised $10.3 millin fr it.Hwever, it’s nt just prducts that peple use crwdfunding fr. Peple use it fr their music, film, art, r writing prjects.
Prjects usually get frm 25 t 40 per-cent f their mney frm crwdfunding sites. Wh is giving all the mney? When peple need mney, they ften ask their friends and family. Crwdfunding ften wrks the same way, but nce yu create yur vide and message, yur friends share it with their friends. If yu’ve created a message that peple can cnnect t, yu get many mre peple t give. Why d these peple give? First, there is the “feel-gd” factr. Giving mney makes peple feel gd. Secnd, many small businesses ffer rewards t peple. Third, smetimes the reward is simply getting t use the prduct. And this is part f the success f crwdfunding. Yu culd make a difference.
26．Where d peple usually get crwdfunding?
A．In newspapers.B．On the Internet.
C．On the streets.D．In shpping centers.
27．Which prject type is the least successful accrding t the Bar Graph?
A．Art.B．Music.C．Publishing.D．Film and vide.
28．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A．Peple use crwdfunding nly fr prducts.
B．The Pebble watch sends infrmatin t the smartphne.
C．Yu can pst a shrt vide fr crwd-funding n Kickstarter.
D．Yu will get the mney yu need nce yu get yur message acrss.
29．Peple give mney t crwdfunding prjects because f the reasns EXCEPT .
A．They feel greatB．They will receive praise
C．They can use the prductD．They will get sme rewards
30．What’s the main purpse f the text?
A．T give advice n crwdfunding.B．T persuade peple t give mney.
C．T help peple t get mre mney.D．T give an intrductin t crwd-funding.
（八）
（2023·辽宁）Fr centuries, the pwer f Chinese emperrs rse and fell with their cntrl f the Grand Canal. Tday, this waterway is shrter than it nce was, but it is still the lngest man-made river in the wrld. Imprtantly, the Grand Canal cntinues t prvide a significant cultural and ecnmic link fr mdern China.
The riginal canal system began arund the year 605. China’s Emperr Yang realized that he needed a better way t mve fd quickly t his army frm China’s suthern rice-grwing regin t the cuntry’s nrth. S abut ne millin peple-mstly farmers-wrked n the cnstructin f the first sectin f the Grand Canal, which tk six years.
Over the next 500 years, the canal’s imprtance grew. Hwever, by 1127 , parts had begun t deterirate. In 1279, Kublai Khan began t repair and build new parts f the canal, which created a mre direct nrth-suth rute t and frm Beijing. Future rulers cntinued t expand and imprve the waterway, and it eventually became an imprtant natinal lifeline.
In additin t mving rice arund China, the Grand Canal was an imprtant cultural cnnectin. Sldiers, businessmen,and artists transprted ideas, reginal fds, and cultural practices frm ne part f China t anther. Accrding t ancient stries, this is hw Beijing acquired tw f its best-knwn trademarks. Peking duck,a dish frm Shandng Prvince, and the Peking pera, frm Anhui and Hubei regins,were bth brught nrth by the canal.
Fr mre than a thusand years, gds have been transprted alng the Grand Canal.Even tday, the cuntry’s watery highway plays an imprtant ecnmic rle in China. Bats cntinue t carry tns f gds. In additin, lcal gvernments-eager t in-crease turism and real estate (房地产) develpment-are beautifying areas alng the canal.
In 2005, a grup f citizens prpsed that the histric Grand Canal be made a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site. It was fficially granted (批准) in 2014. The hpe nw is that the Grand Canal-ne f the wrld’s great engineering achievements -will cntinue t link nrth and suth China fr centuries t cme.
31．Why was the Grand Canal riginally built?
A．T enable mre peple t visit distant parts f China.
B．T allw the army t mve quickly frm the nrth t the suth.
C．T prmte the cultural and traditinal cnnectin f suth China.
D．T transprt fd frm the suthern regins f China t the nrth.
32．What is NOT true abut the Grand Canal?
A．It tk six years t cmplete its first sectin.
B．Even tday, it is the lngest man-made river in the wrld.
C．Arund a millin peple wrked n the first part f the canal.
D．It allwed Peking duck and the Peking pera t spread t suthern China.
33．What des the uderlined wrd “deterirate” prbably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Get wrse.B．Get destryed.C．Get shrter.D．Get repaired.
34．What might be the best heading fr Paragraph 4?
A．Renewed Imprtance.B．Cultural Cnnectins.
C．The Army’s Highway.D．The Origins f the Peking Opera.
35．What happened t the Grand Canal in 2014?
A．Cnstructin f the Canal began.
B．New parts f the Canal were built.
C．The Grand Canal became a Wrld Heritage Site.
D．The Grand Canal was prpsed as a UNESCO Heritage Site.
（九）
（2023·宁夏）Fr many kids in Africa, the clrful PlayPump (踏水车) is the first playgrund thing they have ever seen. When the children give it a push and jump in fr their first ride, smiles f wnder appears n their faces.
The fun f ging rund and rund in a circle is just part f the wnder. The wnderful inventin desn’t nly change the kids’ play time, but als makes a big difference t the peple’s lives.
As the merry-g-rund starts, it pumps (用泵输送) clean water up frm deep undergrund and keeps it in a huge tank (桶). Peple are welcmed t cme and help themselves t get the water fr free. They are very happy these days.
In the cuntryside f Africa, very few peple culd drink clean water. They dn’t have machines that can get water in their hmes. Instead, they ften walk a lng way t carry water back.
Patricia Mlpe, a fifteen-year-ld girl, explains that befre her village in Suth Africa gt a PlayPump, peple wuld pay a taxi driver t take them t a well far frm their hmes. “Smetimes the taxi drivers were s busy that we wuld have t stp taking shwers in rder t save water. It was s far t walk there, but at present we have ur wn clean water in the village, and the life is better, t.”
The hard jb f carrying water usually is dne by wmen and girls. Carrying water fr miles and hurs each day is such a heavy jb that it smetimes prevents girls frm being able t g t schl.
Thanks t the PlayPump, getting water is quicker and easier-and even bys jin in. The pumps have becme a new activity. Kids and adults seem t lve playing with them while cllecting water.
A by named Khumal, twelve years ld, says, ”I have seen many kinds f water pumps, but have never seen ne that can keep water. When I grw up, I want t be an inventr s I can als invent clever things like the PlayPump that will help my cuntry.“
S far, mre than 800 PlayPumps are being perated in schls and neighbrhds in fur African cuntries, prviding water fr almst tw millin peple.
36．What d peple need t d t get water frm a PlayPump?
A．Walk fr a lng way.B．Give it a push.C．Make it in a circle.D．Use a big tank.
37．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 3 refer t the ________.
A．PumpB．Merry-g-rundC．PlayPumpD．Undergrund
38．Why getting water used t be hard fr Patricia Mlpe?
A．Because she didn’t knw hw t use a PlayPump.
B．Because she had n mney t pay a taxi driver.
C．Because the nly place t get water was far away frm hme.
D．Because there was nt enugh water in the well.
39．What is the main idea f the stry?
A．The PlayPump can bring peple tgether.
B．The PlayPump helps turn wrk int play.
C．Every cuntry in the wrld is thirsty.
D．The PlayPump is a great inventin in the wrld.
（十）
（2023·湖北）The great flight f the Chinese astrnaut (宇航员) Yang Liwei in 2003 made China the third cuntry in the wrld t send a persn int space. His jurney f 600, 000 kilmetres tk ne day. But the training f astrnauts like Yang Liwei takes years and is very hard.
As a basic requirement, trainee (受训者) astrnauts must be fighter pilts with ver 600 hurs f flying. This means that they have experience f flying at high speed and dealing with changes in air pressure. As well, they must have at least 4 years f cllege educatin and must be very strng and healthy. A nrmal trainee is 25-35 years ld, weighs 55-70 kilgrammes and is 1. 60-1. 72 metres tall.
Pilts with the basic requirements then g thrugh a lng perid f examinatin t see if they are fit fr training. They stay in hspital fr a mnth f tests, which check fr any kind f physical (生理的) weakness. Mrever, they have t sit in a chair which turns arund at high speed fr 15 minutes, t find ut hw their bdy wrks. There are als mental tests t find ut hw they will deal with living in a very small rm, and hw well they will respnd t dangers and slve prblems.
Once they are chsen, the pilts g thrugh a five-year curse t prepare them fr space flights. At the end f the five-year prgramme, there are final tests fr the trainees. After passing these tests, they have succeeded in becming real astrnauts.
40．Why is Yang Liwei mentined at the beginning f the text?
A．T find a result.B．T d a research.C．T intrduce a tpic.
41．Which f the fllwing meets the requirements t be an astrnaut?
A．29 years f age.B．1. 80 metres in height.C．75 kilgrammes in weight.
42．What is the purpse f mental tests fr the pilts?
A．T ensure their prper respnse.
B．T warn them f pssible dangers.
C．T prepare them fr fighter flights.
43．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Taking a PE TrainingB．Fighting t Be a Fighter PiltC．Chsing Astrnauts in China
（十一）
（2023·广东）A new interactive (互动的)map shws which parts f the wrld have been hit hardest by climate change. The map, called ClimateEX, allws users t see hw glbal warming (全球 变暖)influences temperature and rainfall acrss the Earth.
The map shws, in the UK, areas f eastern Sctland have been mst influenced by climate change. In the US, the west cast has seen a rise in temperature and lss f rainfall. The map als shws that ver the next 50 years parts f Wales and nrtheast England will see big changes t their climate.
Develped by a scientist at the University f Cincinnati, the map uses 50 years f public climate data frm 50, 000 internatinal weather statins arund the Earth. It shws nt nly hw the climate has changed, But als what will pssibly happen by the year 2070.
Accrding t the map, ver the next 50 years Central America will be subject t terrible heat and rainfall. Papua New Guinea, sutheastern China, the west cast f the US, Greenland and the Arctic are als easily influenced, mst imprtantly fr sea level change.
ClimateEX can als help users search fr places where climate change may lead t extreme phenmena (现象)in the future. The user simply tuches the place where strms are frequent at present n the map and then ClimateEX will shw all the places where strms are likely t happen in 50 years.
44．A rise in temperature and lss f rainfall have happened in ____.
A．the USB．ChinaC．Papua New GuineaD．the UK
45．The map tells the climate change in the future by _.
A．setting up weather statinsB．recrding rainfall
C．measuring the sea levelsD．using past climate data
46．The underlined phrase be subject t in Paragraph 4 is clsest in meaning t ____.
A．causeB．sufferC．avidD．change
47．Accrding t the last paragraph, the map can _____.
A．reduce the influences f climate change
B．change the climates f different cuntries
C．shw where extreme climates will happen
D．suggest hw peple deal with climate change
48．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Increasing RainfallB．An Amazing Map
C．A Map f the WrldD．Changeable Climate
（十二）
（2023·湖北）Paris, France is knwn as the city f lve. Nw, the city hpes t als be knwn as the mst bike-friendly city in Eurpe. That’s because Paris is planning t imprve its infrastructure (基础设施) t becme a safe cycling place by 2026.
This is a majr change frm a city that was nce cnsidered harmful fr bicycle riders. Nw, city leaders are hping fr a 100 percent turn arund. Tday, ver 1 millin Parisians are traveling by bike daily withut the prper infrastructure, using lanes (车道) shared by cars and mtrcycles. This will all sn change.
Sme f these measures are already in place. As part f the 2021-2016 cycling plarcalled Vel Act 2, bicycle parking will be increased at the same time car parking spaces are reduced. The city has already remved 70 percent f its n-street autmbile spts. There will be 40,000 secure bike spaces installed near railrad statins funded by the city and an additinal 50,000 will be built. Paris already has 1,000 km f safe bike paths including 52 km that were added during the crnavirus pandemic (新冠疫情) when peple were hesitant t use public transprtatin. There are nw plans t add an additinal 130 km f paths t encurage peple t cycle. The aim f Vel Act 2 is t allw peple t cycle frm ne end f Paris t anther.
“This cycling plan is ne f the essential parts f eclgical and scial transfrmatin that we are leading in Paris,” said David Belliard.
49．What is Paris famus fr?
A．Lve.B．Bikes.C．Envirnment.
50．What makes Parisians traveling by bike cncerned?
A．Safety.B．Speed.C．Cst.
51．Why will an additinal 130 km f paths be added?
A．T reduce jam.B．T increase attentin.C．T encurage cycling.
52．What is David Belliard’s attitude t Vel Act 2?
A．Unclear.B．Dubtful.C．Supprtive.
（十三）
（2023·湖北）Nwadays, schls still fcus n traditinal subjects mre than mdern subjects. Many subjects can nt meet the needs f the future jbs. I cmpletely agree with the statement that schls t much cncentrate n traditinal subjects.
T begin with, schls must be mre flexible in the educatin because every student will chse and fllw the different ways. S they need a different knwledge’s surce. Fr example, the technlgy develpment is becming a vital part in mdern sciety which demands a number f skilled wrkfrce (劳动力). As a result, if students are skilled in using cmputer r machine, they will achieve success in their career.
In additin, the traditinal subjects always teach a lt f theries than skills. That is the reasn why many students feel bred when studying them, such as histry, literature r gegraphy. But peple can ignre them because all the subjects are cncerned abut culture and the sciety’s prblems. S the educatin system shuld be imprved. Instead f researching lessns in class r bks, we need t hld the meeting r game shws t exchange knwledge and skills between students. Besides, schls have t add sme sft skill subjects.
In cnclusin, the traditinal subjects are still being cncentrated t much, Schls shuld imprve systems s that students can acquire many new things and meet the needs in the wrld f wrk.
53．Why shuld educatin be flexible in schls?
A．Students are tired f studying
B．Each student has different needs
C．Students’ interests are varius
54．What d traditinal subjects value mre?
A．Theries.B．Skills.C．Grades.
55．What des the authr agree t d?
A．Read bks alud.B．Research lessns in class.C．Increase sft skill subjects.
56．Hw wuld the authr feel abut the traditinal subjects?
A．They require imprving.
B．They are discuraging.
C．They prve useless.
（十四）
（2023·浙江）Are yu a different persn when yu speak a freign language? That’s just ne f the questins The New Yrker’s writer and native Nrth Carlinian Lauren Cllins explres in her engaging autbigraphy, abut her tugh effrts t master French after marrying a Frenchman whse name — Olivier — she culdn’t even prnunce prperly. When in French ranges frm the humrusly persnal t a deeper lk at varius theries f language acquisitin and linguistics.
The cuple met in Lndn “n mre r less neutral grund: his cntinent, my language.” But the balance shifted when they mved t Geneva fr Olivier’s wrk. The nrmally vluble Cllins fund herself at a lss — “nearly speechless.” The language barrier, and her dependence n her husband fr simple things like buying the right cut f meat wrsened her mixed feelings abut “unlvely, but nt ridiculus” Geneva. She cmments, “Language, as much as land, is a place. T be cut ff frm it is t be, in a sense, hmeless.”
Her sense f alienatin (疏离感) leads t an examinatin f America’s miserable recrd when it cmes t freign languages: “Linguists call America ‘the graveyard f languages’ because f its singular ability t take in millins f immigrants and make their native languages die ut in a few generatins,” Cllins writes. Educated in Wilmingtn, N.C．, and at Princetn, she culd — like the vast majrity f Americans — nly speak their mther tngue.
Eight mnths after she mved t Switzerland, Cllins gave up n the natural acquisitin f language and finally enrlls in a French curse. As she struggles with grammar and vcabulary, Cllins ntes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (wrm), vers (tward), and vair (squirrel) cmpse a quintuple hmnym (同形异义). “Althugh it’s difficult, French can be tried,” she says.
Yet French is actually cnsidered amng the easiest languages fr an English speaker t learn, especially cmpared t Arabic r Mandarin Chinese. Cllins, whse ntably rich English vcabulary includes glsslalia (nnsense speech) and shibbleth (catchwrd r slgan), finds plenty f terrific French wrds t lve. She writes, “English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance, but I've wrked fr every bit f French I've banked.”
Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, wh became s hked n Italian and used it t write In Other Wrds, Cllins’ gals fr learning French were mre mdest: “I wanted t speak French and t sund like Nrth Carlina.” She als wanted t be able t deal with chimney sweeps and butchers, cmmunicate with her in-laws, and “t tuch Olivier in his wn language.” She admits that she feels different speaking French: “Its austerity (朴素) made me feel mre cnfused.”
57．Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd “vluble” in Paragraph 2?
A．Graceful.B．Dependent.C．Talkative.D．Energetic.
58．Why d linguists call America “the graveyard f languages”?
A．Because ther languages are prhibited in America.
B．Because nly English-speaking peple can immigrate int America.
C．Because immigrants’ native languages cntradict English in America.
D．Because American culture swallws up immigrants’ native languages gradually.
59．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5?
A．Cllins’ English vcabulary knwledge cntributes little t her French learning.
B．Cllins has fund ut sme effective ways f mastering French wrds.
C．Arabic r Mandarin Chinese is easier t learn than French fr English speakers.
D．It’s terrifying fr Cllins t have French wrds in stre fr practical use.
（十五）
（2023·湖南）Lng ag, many peple had gardens. Fewer peple were interested in having gardens. But in the past few years, this has begun t change. Mre peple are starting t make gardens again. Peple f all ages are learning the jy f planting. Maybe yu wuld like t start yur wn garden. It’s easier than yu may think.
The first step is making sme chices. What srt f plants d yu like? What d yu want t grw? Many peple have flwer gardens. Peple grw these gardens fr the way that they lk. They are pretty t lk at. Flwers can have many shapes and many clrs. Other peple grw fd in their gardens. They grw fruits and vegetables. These gardens are helpful. Sme peple like bth types f gardens, s they have flwers and fd.
After yu chse the type f garden yu want, yu’ll need a gd lcatin fr it. The best place fr a small garden is in a yard. One f the mst imprtant things t lk fr is sun. Always put yur garden in a sunny spt. Yu shuld als put yur garden in a place that is easy t get t. And yu will want t put flwers in a place where everyne can see them.
Each kind f plant is different. Once yu chse the plants yu want, yu have t learn a little abut them. Sme plants grw best in spring. Others shuld be planted in summer. A few plants grw all year lng. Chse when yu will d yur planting. Then chse the best plants t grw.
I’m sure yu will enjy yur garden. Gardens can be very pretty. What’s nicer than seeing bright flwers all arund yu? Yu can als grw many kinds f great fds. Sme peple say fd they grw themselves tastes better. Best f all, gardens are just plain fun.
60．Nw peple think planting a garden is _____________.
A．hardB．bringC．traditinalD．jyful
61．What’s the first step if yu want t start yur garden?
A．Making chices.B．Planting flwers.
C．Grwing fd.D．Buying fruits and vegetables.
62．What is the best lcatin fr a garden?
A．In a cl place.B．Outside yur yard.
C．Near a park.D．In a sunny spt.
63．What’s the writer’s purpse in writing the passage?
A．T explain what plants t grw.B．T tell peple hw t start a garden.
C．T ask peple fr ideas abut gardens.D．T encurage peple t grw their wn fd.
（十六）
（2023·山西）Can yu imagine that there are a huge number f tiny waste pieces in the Arctic(北冰洋的)sea ice? Because f the waste pieces, 30,000 kinds f animals are in danger. It’s true that ne persn’s acts alne can’t help the planet. But each ne f us can find ways t make ur cntributins.
In the hme, we culd try nt t waste fds. Use a digital meal planner t get a right amunt f fd s that everything we buy and ck gets eaten. Learn hw t stre fds t keep them fresh lnger. Be sure t use prper ways t keep ur hme warm. Fr example, we can replace ld windws with energy-saving nes.
At the stre, we culd green ur habits. Buy reusable plates, but nt single-use nes. Buy hme tissue nt made f materials which may lead t destructin f frests. Buy glass cups instead f paper nes.
In the cmmunity, we culd help keep its plants healthy. Take part in tree-planting prjects r grass-cutting activities t help plants grw well.
Our actins alne can’t save the planet, but the abve ways and habits can help.
64．What puts s many animals in danger?
A．Cld ice.B．Waste pieces.
C．Bad weather.D．Peple’s acts.
65．Why shuld we use a digital meal planner?
A．T avid wasting fds.B．T ck delicius fds.
C．T keep fds fresh.D．T stre fds.
66．What des the underlined wrd “reusable” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．That can be kept lng.B．That can be used again.
C．That can be thrwn away.D．That can be used nly nce.
67．Why des the authr write this passage?
A．T prtect animals.
B．T describe the future f the planet.
C．T encurage an envirnment friendly life.
D．T intrduce shpping places fr green prducts.
（十七）
（2023·河南）Cnifers (针叶树) are generally better than brad-leaved trees at purifying air frm pllutants. But deciduus (落叶的) trees may be better at taking in particle-bund pllutin. A new study led by the University f Gthenburg shws that the best trees fr air purificatin depend n the type f pllutants invlved.
Trees and ther greener in cities prvide many benefits that are imprtant fr the well-being f residents. Leaves and needled n trees filter air pllutants and reduce expsure t pisnus substance in the air. But which trees purify the air mst effectively? Researchers frm the University f Gthenburg have cllected leaves and needle frm eleven different trees grwing in the same place in the Gthenburg Btanical Garden (GBG) t analyse which cub-stances they have absrbed.
“This tree cllectin prvided a unique pprtunity t test many different species f trees with similar envirnmental cnditins and expsure t air pllutants,” said Jenny Klingberg, a researcher f the GBG
A ttal f 32 different pllutants were analysed, sme f which are bund t articles f varius sizes. Others are gaseus. This prject has fcused n paths (多环芳烃). In cities, traffic is the biggest surce f these pllutants, which are released due t incmplete burning in engines.
“Our analysis shw that different species f trees have different abilities t absrb air pllutants. Cnifers generally absrb mrn gaseus paths than brad-leaved trees. Anther advantage f cnifers is that they als act as air purifies in winter, when air pllutin is usually at its highest,” said Jenny Klingberg.
“This study cntributes t imprving ur understanding f the ability f trees t clean the air and which species are best at absrbing air pllutants,” said Jenny Klingberg. This knwn-edge is imprtant fr urban planning when designing sustainable cities. While trees and green-era can cntribute t better air quality in cities, at the end f the day, the mst imprtant measure is t reduce emissins.
68．Which is the determining factr in chsing the mst suitable tries t purify air?
A．Air quality.B．Gegraphical lcatin.C．The height f plants.D．The kind f pllutants.
69．Why did the researchers cllect leaves and needled frm GBG?
A．T cmpare their shapes.B．T create a tree cllectin.
C．T figure ut what they absrb.D．T display them n exhibitin.
70．What may cause mre paths t be released?
A．Fuel vehicle’s.B．Electric engines.C．Traffic accidents.D．Cmplete burning.
71．What is the mst effective way t better air quality in cities?
A．Decreasing emissins.B．Planting mre cnifers.
C．Raising public awareness.D．Designing sustainable cities.
（十八）
（2023·湖南）Like many ther natural disasters, flds can happen with n warning. They mve quickly, pull trees ut f the grund, destry buildings and hurt peple.
Being caught in a fld is dangerus, nt nly because there is s much water and it’s mving quickly, but als because f what the water is carrying. Debris (残骸) in the current can injure anyne in the fldwater, making swimming mre difficult. T survive a flash fld, keep the fllwing things in yur mind.
 If a fld warning is issued, try t find a shelter immediately. Never try t walk, swim r drive thrugh fldwaters.
 Avid bridges that crss rapidly mving water, as fldwaters can cause bridges t break.
 Stay inside a car that is trapped in fast-mving water. Only get ut if the water begins t fld the car, and then mve t the rf f it.
 Avid pwer lines. A kncked-dwn pwer line can cause surrunding water t becme charged, leading t injury
 Listen t the bradcast fr further instructins befre getting away frm the fld successfully.
The results f a fld can be just as deadly. It can cause pwer failure and traffic jams, and break dwn cmmunicatin. In additin, it may nt be pssible t deliver fd and water t the flded area. After the fld, return t yur hme nly after lcal gvernments have said it is safe t d s. Use bttled r biled water fr drinking and cking. And avid driving thrugh flded areas and walking alne utside at night.
72．When a flash fld happens, yu shuld _______.
A．try t walk, swim r drive thrugh fldwaters
B．chse the bridges that crss rapidly mving water
C．get ut f a car that is trapped in fast-mving water
D．avid pwer lines
73．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A．The car.B．The bridge.
C．The huse.D．The pwer line.
74．After the fld, it is safe t _____.
A．g back t yur hme quicklyB．use bttled r biled water
C．drive thrugh flded areasD．walk alne utside at night
75．Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A．A diary.B．A stry bk.
C．A newspaper.D．A travel guidebk.
（十九）
（2023·云南）The sky is blue, and the sunshines n the street in Paris, where Mr. Gallais has been selling ld classic bks t turists fr mre than 30 years.
Lcals and turists arund the wrld wuld cme t Mr. Gallai’s shp and 230 ther pen-air bksellers’ t buy bk. Hwever, because f the lckdwn regulatins t cntrl the COVID-19 pandemic, the bksellers had t face the prblem f lsing the business and living difficulties these years.
“Sales have decreased by an average f 80 percent this year,” Mr. Gala is said, “which is thrwing many bksellers int dangerus situatins.” Still, sme bksellers want t wrk. They are eager t keep the traditin that dates back t the l6th century. Many f the bksellers are retired wrkers living n pensins (养老金). They gather literature bks and magazines. A grwing number f peple in their 30s and 40s have jined their ranks. They want t feel free frm wrking utside an ffice in rain r shine.
Even befre the pandemic, the bksellers were fighting with the cultural changes that peple dn’t read paper bks as much as they used t. If they d read paper bks, mst readers will ften chse Amazn.cm t buy nes.
76．Hw lng has Mr. Gallais been selling ld classic bks alng the bank?
A．Mre than 16 years.B．Mre than 19 years.
C．Mre than 23 years.D．Mre than 30 years.
77．What’s the main cause f the bksellers’ living difficulties these years?
A．The bksellers’ cmpetitin.B．The lckdwn regulatins.
C．The trend f a new prfessin.D．The ppularity f E-bks.
78．Why did many peple in their 30s and 40s becme sellers?
A．They are nt willing t accept advances.
B．They are eager t live a challenging life.
C．They want t feel free frm wrking utside.
D．They can earn a large amunt f mney.
79．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Mr. Gallais isn’t a bkseller.
B．Middle-aged peple dn’t jin the ranks.
C．Retired bksellers dn’t gather literature bks and magazines.
D．Bksellers make effrts t keep the bkselling traditin.
（二十）
（2023北京）A lt f us spend mst f ur wrking day sitting at the cmputer withut mving at all. S, hw des the wrld keep fit? Let’s have a lk at sme f the latest exercises frm arund the wrld.
Twerrunning is a sprt yu can d in the tall buildings f almst any big city. All yu need t d is start at the bttm f an ffice twer and run up all the stairs until yu get t the tp. Nw, twerrunning has becme ppular with imprtant races taking place in sme f the wrld’s tallest twers, like the China Wrld Trade Centre in Beijing.
Pilxing started in the USA．The sprt is a mix between bxing, pilates (普拉提) and dance. Pilxing uses the pwer and speed f bxing, while building yur muscles and strength with pilates. All f this happens t nn-stp lud music, and yu learn sme great dance mves t.
Paddle barding n the cean might lk easy, but it is a tugh sprt. Yu need t be strng t keep yur balance. The sprt was adapted frm surfing and it had its rts in Plynesia where peple used paddling fr bth wrk and play-frm transprt t catching waves.
Trapeze may remind yu f the circus act-peple fly, dance and mve frm side t side thrugh the air. Jules Letard develped the art f trapeze in the mid-nineteenth century in France. T perfrm trapeze, peple must develp upper-bdy strength t turn and fly.
Are yu ready? Even a shrt amunt f exercise every day can help us t feel happier and mre relaxed.
80．Which exercise must be dne in tall buildings?
A．Twerrunning.B．Pilxing.C．Paddle barding.D．Trapeze.
81．Where des paddle barding cme frm?
A．China.B．The USA．C．Plynesia.D．France.
82．T d trapeze well, peple must have .
A．strng upper-bdy strengthB．pwer and speed f bxing
C．better running abilityD．gd swimming skills
83．What des this passage call n peple t d?
A．Lse weight.B．Get mving.C．Keep wrking.D．Travel arund.
（二十一）
（2023·广东）Anger is a natural feeling that everyne experiences in life. Sme researchers believe the first sund a baby makes when brn culd be a sign f anger. Anger may be the first feeling we have and respnd t. It’s in many cases a perfectly healthy feeling. Anger can cause peple t make very psitive changes in their lives. Smetimes we have t be angry at injustice (不公正), at wrng dings, r even at nature, befre we can d what needs t be dne t crrect wrngs r make things better. But f curse, that is nt hw we usually think f anger.
Mst peple think f anger as a feeling we must keep under cntrl. Children are smetimes sent t their rms r punished fr expressing anger in an uncntrlled way. Parents tell a child t cntrl himself when the child shws anger. We may be angry with friends r at wrk, but we knw it’s nt right t shw it. Very early in life, we learn that anger is smething that must be cntrlled.
We learn this fr a gd reasn. Uncntrlled anger can lead t fights, car accidents, bad relatinships with thers, unacceptable scial behavir, and many ther prblems. Hwever, many experts say that if ne suppresses his anger, he may suffer serius mental and physical health prblems. S what can we d t understand and calm this feeling?
One slutin is t talk abut it with smene we trust, fr example, a gd friend. We can als try t walk away frm a situatin that causes anger, ask a dctr fr advice, r just exercise mre in ur daily life. And f curse we may have many ther methds. Whatever slutin we chse, as lng as we are trying t find the slutin t the prblem, we have already taken the first step in the right directin.
84．Accrding t Paragraph 1, anger can _____.
A．lead t justiceB．keep us healthy
C．help us tell right frm wrngD．help us make things better
85．What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A．We are taught t cntrl anger.
B．Anger appears early in life.
C．We shuldn’t get angry at wrk.
D．Angry children shuld be punished.
86．The underlined wrd “suppresses” in Paragraph 3 is clsest in meaning t _____.
A．hlds inB．takes inC．expressesD．understands
87．Which f the fllwing can help deal with anger?
A．Excellent physical health.
B．A talk with a clse friend.
C．Sme exercises given by teachers.
D．A gd relatinship with thers.
88．What des the authr think f anger?
A．Anger shwn by children is unacceptable.
B．Anger leads t deadly mental and physical illnesses.
C．Anger can be a healthy feeling and need be treated prperly.
D．Anger builds up relatinships with ur friends r wrkmates.
（二十二）
（2023·河北）When it cmes t the histry f snw skiing, there is the early histry and the mdern histry. The mdern histry is tied t the Scandinavian cuntries. Scandinavian farmers and hunters used skis regularly during the Middle Ages. By the 17th century, the Swedish Amy was cmpeting (竞争) n skis and using them fr battle purpses as well.
The histry f skiing is cmplicated (复杂的), and there’s n telling n hw many peple had their hands in the develpment f skis ver the years. Interestingly enugh, skis were used in the Sierra Nevada Muntains during the gld rush, and dwnhill races were rganized by mining camps. By the late 1800s, peple all ver the wrld were experimenting with skis and using them fr all kinds f purpses.
In 1888, fr example, a Nrwegian man named Frigidity Nansen crssed Greenland n skis. Nansen kept a jurnal f this trip, and when this jurnal was published in 1890, it brught great interest in skiing in bth Eurpe and the United States. This is ne f the mst imprtant mments in the histry f snw skiing.
The histry f skiing sees the activity, r sprt if yu prefer, really taking ff arund the tur f the 20th century. Peple started taking n all kinds f skiing challenges in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and the technlgy cntinued t get better. The first package ski vacatins were ffered in and arund 1903.
The Winter Olympics nly helped the sprt becme ppular. In 1932, bth ski jumping and crss-cuntry skiing were events that were featured in the Winter Olympics at Lake Placid. After first featuring as a demnstratin (演示) sprt a the 1988 Calgary Games, freestyle skiing was intrduced t the Winter Olympic prgramme in 1992. There were 13 events in freestyle skiing at Beijing 2022.
89．Why are the Scandinavian cuntries mentined in Paragraph 1?
A．T give an example.B．T explain the sprts.
C．T intrduce the tpic.D．T put frward an argument.
90．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The develpment f skis.B．The experiment with gld.
C．The histry f Greenland.D．The stry f a mining camp.
91．What made Eurpeans and Americans interested in skiing?
A．A lng battle.B．A Nrwegian’s wisdm.
C．The gld rush.D．The publicatin f a jurnal.
92．When did the first package ski vacatins appear?
A．In 1888.B．In the 1600s
C．In and arund 1903.D．In the 1800s.
93．What event became part f the 1992 Winter Olympics?
A．Freestyle skiingB．Ski jumping
C．Crss-cunty skiingD．Dwnhill races.