2024-2025学年八年级英语上册Unit7《Seasons》语法讲解及练习讲义（译林版+含答案解析）

这是一份2024-2025学年八年级英语上册Unit7《Seasons》语法讲解及练习讲义（译林版+含答案解析），共11页。
2024-2025学年八年级英语上册Unit7《Seasons》语法讲解讲义《句子成分和简单句的基本句型》1．句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。（1）主语：名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I have a stomachache．我胃痛。（2）谓语：动词，一般位于主语之后如：He put the book on the table．他把书放在桌上。（3）宾语：名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I lost my school ID card．我丢了校园卡。（4）表语：在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等如：My keys are in my schoolbag．我的钥匙在书包里。（5）定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等如：The white model plane is hers．白色的飞机模型是她的。（6）状语：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等如：Sports star eats well．运动明星吃得很好。（7）宾语补足语：形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等如：The loud music makes me nervous．吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。（8）同位语：名词、数词、代词或从句如：Mr． Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us．我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。（9）连系动词的种类：① be动词类：am，is，are，was，were②表示变化类：become，get，turn③感官动词类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel④表示延续性的动词：remain，stay，keep2．简单句的五种基本句型（1）主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）如：You look happy．你看起来很高兴。（2）主语+不及物动词（S+V）如：We talked a lot．我们谈了很多。（3）主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）如：I really enjoy my English class．我真的很喜欢英语课。（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）如：He sent me some flowers．他给我送了些花。（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）如：I find English interesting．我发现英语很有趣。语法练习：一、单项选择1．He is very happy．A．宾语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．主语2．I made my brother cry last night．A．定语 B．状语 C．谓语 D．宾语3．He gives me some books．A．直接宾语 B．谓语 C．间接宾语 D．主语4．Smiling will make peoplethink you are friendly．划线部分在句中作______。A．定语 B．宾语补足语 C．宾语5．They’re talking abouthow to take that wall down．划线部分在句中作 ________。A．状语 B．定语 C．宾语6．Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence．A．状语 B．表语 C．宾语7．I felt so embarrassed that I left the party．划线部分作________。A．宾语 B．宾语补足语 C．表语8．Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He gave Betty a nice present．”A．S＋V＋OB．S＋V＋IO＋DOC．S＋V＋PD．S＋V＋DO＋OC9．“Susie and I found the boy over there very interesting” The sentence structure is ________．A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO10．“Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively．” The main structure of the sentence is ________．A．S＋VB．S＋V＋DO＋OCC．S＋V＋IO＋DOD．S＋V＋P11．The most beautiful scenery that I have ever seen is the West Lake．句子结构是______。A．主语+及物动词+宾语 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语12．Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “He felt tired after a long walk．”A．The bad news made him unhappy the whole day．B．He looked carefully at the little dog．C．He brought a Christmas gift for his son yesterday．D．The leaves turn brown in autumn．13．下列句子是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的是：A．The strawberries look nice．B．I think it’s healthy．C．I like chicken for dinner．14．He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him．A．主语+及物动词+宾语B．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语C．主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语15．A good starting point is to ask the questions about himself of herself．A．主语+及物动词+宾语 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+不及物动词16．I was going to go up when I decided to get a coffee first．句子结构是_______．A．主语+不及物动词 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+及物动词+宾语17．This will help you communicate better with other people．A．主语+谓语 B．主语+谓语+宾语 C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾补18．Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now．A．主语+系动词+表语 B．主语+谓语+宾语 C．主语+谓语+间宾+直宾19．The structure of the sentence “We all call her Wendy．” is ________．A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO20．The sentence structure of “We think John the best student．” is ________．A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P21．What’s the structure(结构)of the sentence “The fish tastes good．”?A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO22．The sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo walking．” is ________．A．S+ V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC23．The structure of “The children are playing in the park now．” belongs to ________．A．S+V B．S +V+O C．S+V+ P D．S +V+DO + OC24．What’s the structure (结构) of the sentence “We think John the most helpful student．”?A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO25．The sentence structure of “We call the little boy Jimmy．” is ________．A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC26．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr Wang taught us Physics．”?A．He offered the boy a lot of advice．B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday．C．His face turned red quickly．D．We all laughed happily．27．Which of the following sentences has the structure of S+V+IO+DO?A．Autumn leaves turn brown．B．Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat．C．I found him very interesting．D．Tommy does his homework every day．28．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Lily gives me much help．”?A．Lily is 13 years old．B．Lily is a member of the Reading Club．C．Lily reads books every day．D．Lily’s Dad will buy her a new book．29．What is the sentence pattern of “They laughed．”?A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+C+OC30．The sentence structure of “My mother often tells me not to make friends with Peter．” is ________．A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC31．—-What is Eddie doing now?—-He is watching TV． The structure of sentence is ________．A．S + VB．S + V + OC．S + V + IO + DOD．S + V + DO + OC32．What is the sentence pattern of “I love English．”?A．S + V B．S + V + O C．S + V + P D．S + V +IO + DO33．The sentence structure of “I often hear Simon sing English songs” is ________．A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO34．Which of the following sentence has the same structure as “We think John a good student．’’?A．I found Betty difficult to work with．B．Amy bought a present for me last week．C．Singing brings the young man great happiness．D．Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday．35．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Ice cream tastes nice．”?A．Snow is falling down．B．Autumn leaves turn brown．C．Children like flying kites in spring．D．We can see people make snowmen in winter．36．The structure of the sentence “Autumn leaves turn brown” is ________．A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V37．“Dustin found the Barbie doll broken．” What’s the structure of this sentence?A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+IO D．S+V+OC+DO38．What’s the structure of the sentence “They are talking happily．”?A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO39．The sentence structure of “________” is “S+V”．A．The next bus will arrive．B．Some volunteers reached the village．C．The movie made the boy excited．D．Her voice is beautiful．40．The sentence structure of “Farmers harvest crops．” is ________．A．S+V+IO+DOB．S+V+DO +OCC．S+VD．S+V+O参考答案1．B【详解】句意：他非常高兴。考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，句型结构是“主+系+表”，He是主语，is是系动词，very happy作表语，其中副词very修饰形容词happy。故选B。2．B【详解】句意：我昨天晚上把弟弟弄哭了。考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，句型结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补+状语”。I是主语，made是谓语动词，my brother是宾语，cry是对宾语的一种补充说明，所以是宾语补足语，last night是时间状语。故选B。3．A【详解】句意：他给我一些书。考查句子成分。根据语境及句意可知，句中谓语为gives，give“给”，它是跟双宾的词，短语give sb sth“给某人某物”，其中sth是直接宾语；又根据“some books”表达“一些书”，是物，所以是直接宾语。故选A。4．B【详解】句意：微笑会让人们觉得你很友好。划线部分在句中作宾语补足语。考查句子成分。Smiling作主语；will make作谓语；people作宾语； think you are friendly作宾语补足语。make sb do sth，是固定表达，此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。5．C【详解】句意：他们在讨论如何拆除那堵墙。考查句子成分。划线部分是“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，在句中作talk about的宾语。故选C。6．C【详解】句意：做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性。考查句子成分。helps是动词，划线部分跟在其后作宾语。故选C。7．C【详解】句意：我感到很尴尬，所以离开了聚会。考查句子成分。根据“I felt so embarrassed that I left the party．”可知，felt为系动词，后跟形容词embarrassed，在句中作表语。故选C。8．B【详解】句意：给句子选择正确的结构“他给Betty一个好看的礼物”。考查句子结构。S＋V＋O表示“主语+谓语+宾语”；S＋V＋IO＋DO表示“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S＋V＋P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S＋V＋DO＋OC表示“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。分析“He gave Betty a nice present．”可知“He”是主语；“gave”是谓语动；“a nice present”是直接宾语；“Betty”是间接宾语。故选B。9．C【详解】句意：“Susie and I found the boy over there very interesting”句子结构是S+V+DO+OC。考查句子结构。Susie and I作主语，found作谓语，the boy over there作宾语，very interesting作宾语补足语。故选C。10．B【详解】句意：“我们的老师总是让他们的课堂生动有趣。”句子的主要结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补语。考查句子成分分析。“Our teachers”作主语；“make”作谓语；“their classes”作宾语；“interesting and lively”作宾语补足语，补充说明“classes”。故选B。11．B【详解】句意：我所见过的最美的风景是西湖。考查句子结构。The most beautiful scenery作主语，“that I have ever seen”是定语从句，作定语修饰名词“scenery”，is是系动词，作谓语，the West Lake作表语，所以此句是“主＋系＋表”结构。故选B。12．D【详解】句意：下面哪个句子的结构与“He felt tired after a long walk．”相同？考查句子结构。分析句子成分可知，he作主语；felt是连系动词，作谓语；tired作表语；after a long walk介词短语；是“主语+系动词+表语+其他的结构”，选项D符合这个结构。The leaves作主语；turn连系动词；brown是形容词，作表语；in autumn是介词短语。故选D。13．A【详解】句意：下列句子是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的是：The strawberries look nice．考查基本句型。The strawberries look nice．是“主语+系动词+表语”结构；I think it’s healthy．是“主语+谓语+宾语从句”结构；I like chicken for dinner．是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构。故下列句子是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的是：The strawberries look nice．故选A。14．B【详解】句意：他还告诉史克鲁奇，希望有三个幽灵来拜访他。考查基本句型。分析句子可知，He作主语；tells作谓语；Scrooge作宾语； to expect作宾语补足语。故选B。15．B【详解】句意：一个好的开始是问关于他自己或她自己的问题。考查基本句型。分析句子可知，A good starting point作主语；is是系动词，作谓语；to ask the questions about himself of herself作表语，所以句子是“主系表”结构。故选B。16．A【详解】句意：我正要上楼，这时决定先去喝杯咖啡。句子的结构是主语+不及物动词。考查句子结构。I为主语，was going to go up为谓语，when I decided to get a coffee first为状语，故选A。17．C【详解】句意：这将帮助你更好地与他人沟通。考查基本句型。根据“This will help you communicate better with other people．”可知，主语为This，谓语为will help，宾语为you，宾补为communicate better with other people。故选C。18．A【详解】句意：现在我几乎不可能和朋友出去玩了。考查基本句型。根据“Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now．”可知，Hanging out with friends为主语，此处是动名词作主语；is为系动词；impossible为表语。故该句子结构为主语+系动词+表语。故选A。19．C【详解】句意：“我们都叫她温迪”这个句子的结构是主谓宾宾补。考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补补足语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语。句中We是主语，用S表示；call 是谓语动词，用V表示；her是直接宾语，用DO表示；Wendy是对宾语进行补充，是宾语补足语，用OC表示，故选C。20．C【详解】句意：“我们认为约翰是最好的学生。”的句子结构是主谓宾宾补。考查句子结构。分析句子可知，we主语；think谓语；John宾语；the best student宾语补足语。故此句子结构是主谓宾宾补。故选C。21．B【详解】句意：“The fish tastes good．”的句子结构是什么？考查句子结构。The fish为主语，taste系动词，“尝起来”，good形容词，“好的”，为表语。故“The fish tastes good．”为主系表结构。故选B。22．D【详解】句意：“Eddie is watching Hobo walking”的句子结构是主谓宾宾补。考查句子结构。S+V主+谓；S+V+O主+谓+宾；S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾；S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补。“Eddie is watching Hobo walking”中Eddie是主语，is watching是谓语；Hobo是宾语；walking作宾补，故选D。23．A【详解】句意：“孩子们正在公园里玩耍”的结构属于主语+谓语。考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S +V+O 主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+ P主语+连系动词+表语；S +V+DO + OC主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 “The children are playing in the park now．”中“The children”是主语，“are playing”是谓语，属于主语+谓语，故选A。24．C【详解】句意：句子“We think John the most helpful student．”的句子结构是什么？考查句子结构。S+V+O主+谓+宾；S+V+P主+系+表；S+V+DO+OC主+谓+直接宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。根据句子结构，we为主语，think为谓语，John为宾语，the most helpful student为宾语补足语。故选C。25．D【详解】句意：“我们称呼这个男孩吉米。”这句话的句子结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。考查句子结构。分析“We call the little boy Jimmy．”可知，we作主语（S）；call作谓语（V）；the little boy作直接宾语（DO）；Jimmy作宾语补足语（OC）。故此句的句子结构是S+V+DO+OC。故选D。26．A【详解】句意：下面哪一个与“王先生教我们物理”的结构相同？考查句子成分。Mr Wang taught us Physics．是“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构，作宾语补足语的是名词，结合选项可知，选项A“He offered the boy a lot of advice．”属于这种构成。故选A。27．B【详解】句意：下面哪个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语？考查句子结构。Autumn leaves turn brown是主语+连系动词+表语结构；Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语结构；I found him very interesting是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构；Tommy does his homework every day是主语+谓语+宾语结构。故选B。28．D【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构与“莉莉给了我很多帮助”相同？考查句子结构。Lily is 13 years old莉莉13岁，是主系表结构；Lily is a member of the Reading Club莉莉是读书俱乐部的成员，是主系表结构；Lily reads books every day莉莉每天读书，是主谓宾结构；Lily’s Dad will buy her a new book莉莉的爸爸将给她买一本新书，是主谓+间宾+直宾结构。题干句子“Lily gives me much help”是主谓+间宾+直宾结构。故选D。29．A【详解】题意：“They laughed”的句子结构是什么？考查句子结构。“They”是主语，表示“他们”。“laughed”是谓语动词，表示“大笑”。句子结构是“S+V”。故选A。30．D【详解】句意：“My mother often tells me not to make friends with Peter．” 的句子结构是“S+V+DO+OC”。考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，My mother是主语，tells是谓语，me是宾语，not to make friends with Peter是宾语补足语。故选D。31．B【详解】句意：——埃迪现在在做什么？——他正在看电视。句子的结构是S + V + O。考查句子结构。划线句he作主语，is watching作谓语，名词TV作宾语，是主谓宾结构，故选B。32．B【详解】句意：“I love English．”的句型结构是什么？考查句型结构划分。I love English．意思是“我喜欢英语”。I是主语；love是谓语动词；English宾语。所以是主谓宾结构。故选B。33．B【详解】句意：“我经常听到西蒙唱英语歌”这句话的结构是什么。考查基本句型。hear sb． do sth． “听到某人做某事”，hear是谓语动词，Simon是宾语，sing English song是宾语补足语，因此这句话属于简单句中典型的“主语S+及物动词V+宾语DO+宾语补足语OC”句式，故选B。34．A【详解】句意：下面哪个句子的结构与“We think John a good student．”相同？考查句子结构。I found Betty difficult to work with．主+谓+宾+宾补；Amy bought a present for me last week．主+谓+宾+状；Singing brings the young man great happiness．主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；Mum and Dad gave me nice presents for my birthday．主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语+状。We think John a good student．是 “主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。故选A。35．B【详解】句意：下面哪个句子和 “冰激凌尝起来很好” 有相同的句子结构？考查句子结构。Snow is falling down．下雪了。句子结构为主+谓；Autumn leaves turn brown．秋叶变成褐色。句子结构为主系表结构；Children like flying kites in spring．孩子们喜欢在春天放风筝。句子结构为主+谓+宾；We can see people make snowmen in winter．在冬天我们能看见人们堆雪人。句子结构为主+谓+宾+宾补；分析句子“Ice cream tastes nice．冰激凌尝起来很好吃。”可知，句子结构为主系表结构；分析选项可知，选项B“Autumn leaves turn brown．秋叶变成褐色。”也是一个主系表结构的句子，turn相当于系动词。故选B。36．C【详解】句意：“Autumn leaves turn brow”的句子结构是主系表。考查句子结构。S表示主语；V表示谓语；DO表示直接宾语；OC表示宾语补足语；O表示宾语；P表示表语。autumn leaves秋天的树叶，是主语；turn变得，是谓语；brown棕色的，是表语。因此其结构是主系表，故选C。37．A【详解】句意：“Dustin found the Barbie doll broken．”这个句子的结构是什么？考查句子结构。Dustin作主语，found作谓语，the Barbie doll作宾语，broken作宾补。故选A。38．A【详解】句意：“They are talking happy ．”这句话的结构是什么？考查句子结构。They作主语，are talking作谓语，happily副词作状语。本句是“主谓”结构，故选A。39．A【详解】句意：“The next bus will arrive”的句子结构是“主语+谓语”。考查句子结构。The next bus will arrive．句子的主语是the next bus，谓语是will arrive；Some volunteers reached the village．句子的主语是some volunteers，谓语动词是reached，宾语是the village；The movie made the boy excited．句子的主语是The movie，谓语动词是made，宾语the boy，宾语补足语是excited。Her voice is beautiful．句子的主语是Her voice，系动词是is，表语是beautiful。很明显，是主谓结构的句子是A。故选A。40．D【详解】句意：“Farmers harvest crops”这句话的句子结构是主谓宾。考查句子结构。S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO +OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语；S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语。“Farmers harvest crops”句子中“Farmers” 是主语，表示“农民”， “harvest” 是谓语动词，表示“收获”, “crops”是宾语，表示“庄稼”。是主谓宾的结构。故选D。