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备战2025年高考英语考点一遍过学案考点26 并列句和状语从句(附解析)
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这是一份备战2025年高考英语考点一遍过学案考点26 并列句和状语从句(附解析),共13页。学案主要包含了并列句,状语从句等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考向一 并列句
一、并列连词
1.表示并列关系的连词:
and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子,表示一种顺接的关系。
We are singing and they are dancing.
r:用于否定句中连接并列成分,表示"和,与";
用于"祈使句+r+陈述句"中,意为"否则,要不然"。
The baby is t yung. He can’t speak r walk.
bth…and:"两个都……",连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。
Bth Li Ping and Mary are ging t the Great Wall tmrrw.
either…r…:"要么……要么",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与r后的部分保持一致。
Either she r I am right.
neither…nr: "既不……也不……",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与nr后的部分保持一致。
Neither he nr I am right.
nt nly…but als: "不仅……而且……",强调后者;引导并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。
Nt nly the students but als the teacher gives the mney t ur schl.
2. 表示转折关系的并列连词
3. 表示因果关系的并列连词
"由于,因为",表示原因,不能放在句首,也不能单独使用;fr引导的从句不能位于nt,but或任何连词之后。
The days were shrt, fr it was nw December.
fr:
"因此,所以",表示结果,s不能和because连用。
There were n buses, s I came by bicycle.
s:
4. 其他常用并列连词
when:"就在那时",常用句型:
be abut t d…when…
be ging t d…when…
be ding…when…
►I was abut t leave when the telephne rang.
二、并列句
并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成, 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。
在并列句中, 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组, 或者连接副词来连接分句,有时甚至不用并列连词, 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。
常用的并列连词有:and , but , r, fr, s , neither, nr …
并列连词词组有:either…r, neither…nr, bth…and, as well as, nt nly…but als…
连接副词有:besides, furthermre, mrever …
表示联合关系
常用and , neither…nr, nt nly…but als 等连词
There was a big strm after midnight and the rain pured dwn.
I can neither write sngs nr play the guitar.
表示选择关系
常用r, either …r 等连词
We ck a dinner tgether, r we g fr a lng walk.
…either ne f his daughters replaces him as a prisner in the castle, r he will die. …
表示转折和对比关系
常用yet, but, hwever, while 等
but表示完全转折, 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 hwever在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。
Sme sprts are dne indrs, while thers are dne utdrs.
They wanted t charge ﹩5,000 fr the car, but we managed t bring the price dwn.
In sme places wmen are expected t earn mney while men wrk at hme and raise their children.
One can nt see wind, hwever, it des exist.
I’d like t g with yu ; hwever , my hands are full.
The essay is gd; it culd be imprved ,hwever.
He wrked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)
It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)
表示因果关系
常用s, fr,therefre等连接词
I didn’t get enugh sleep s I didn’t feel very well this mrning.
It was raining, therefre we had t stay at hme.
He fund it increasingly difficult t read , fr his eyesight was brginning t fail.
表示条件或者结果
常用and或者r等连词
Simply raise yur hand , and a taxi appears in n time.
Dn’t drive t fast r yu will have an accident .
Stand ver there and yu will see the il painting better.
Yu have t mve ut f the way r the truck can’t get past.
表示递进关系
常用besides, furthermre,mrever等连接副词。
Televisin is entertaining; besides/furthermre/mrever, it is instructive.
1.(2018·新课标I卷·短文改错)At the end f ur trip, I tld my father that I planned t return every tw years, but he agreed.
【参考答案】but改为and
2.(2017·新课标I卷·短文改错) Befre getting int the car, I thught I had learned the instructr’s rders, s nce I started the car, my mind ges(改为went) blank, I frgt what he had said t me altgether.
【参考答案】s改为but/yet
【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白,前后文为转折关系,故将s改为but或yet。
3. (2017·新课标III卷·短文改错)I had(改为have) grwn nt nly physically, and als mentally in the past few years.
【参考答案】and改为but
【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语nt nly…but als…意为"不但……而且……"。
4. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)—Peter, please send us pstcards ________ we'll knw where yu have visited.
—N prblem.
A. but B. r C. fr D. s
【参考答案】D
5.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) I am nt afraid f tmrrw, ________ I have seen yesterday and I lve tday.
A. s B. andC. fr D. but
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意:我不害怕明天,因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。s后跟结果;and表并列关系;fr补充说明原因;but表转折。故选C。
考向二 状语从句
1.It's much easier t make friends ________ yu have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even thugh D. s that
【参考答案】B
2.I tk my driving license with me n hliday, ________ I wanted t hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if nly
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车,所以选A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使,用于让步状语从句;ever since自从,一般引导时间状语从句;if nly倘若,用于条件句,使用虚拟语气。
题组一 基础过关
= 1 \* ROMAN I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词
1. I have lng been interested in space explratin ________I believe I culd learn a great deal frm him abut it.
2.Oliver is nt the right srt f persn fr the jb,________I'll pay him ff.
3.I believed her—________surely she wuld nt lie t me.
4. And why are sme peple happy and successful________thers aren't?
5. It's nt ding the things we like,________liking the things we have t d that makes life happy.
6.The children must have gt lst in the wds;________,they wuld have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
= 2 \* ROMAN II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词
1. I will be grateful ________ yu culd give me a kind cnsideratin.
2. ________I shwed my answer t him,the teacher praised me fr my independent thinking.
3.________cleaning street is n mre than an rdinary jb,it cntributes t the sciety.
4.Gd pinins are wrth sticking t ________they can benefit us all.
5.Leave yur key with a neighbr ________yu lck yurself ut ne day.
6.It tk nearly tw hundred years ________I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
题组二 能力提升
= 1 \* ROMAN I.单项填空
1. Sme animals carry seeds frm ne place t anther, __________ plants can spread t new places.
A. sB. rC. frD. but
2.There's n way f knwing why ne man makes an imprtant discvery ________ anther man, als intelligent, fails.
A. since B.ifC. as D. while
3. I was glad t meet Jenny again, ________ I didn't want t spend all day with her.
A. but B. and C.s D.r
4. I think we’d better keep t the subject, ______ we’ll waste ur time.
A. and B. rC. but D. s
5.—Glad t see yu, Kate.
—Oh, my Gd. It’s been 20 years _______ we last saw each ther.
A. whenB. befreC. afterD. since
6.—What a terrible accident!
—Yes. It happened _______ he fur rads meet.
A. whereB. thatC. whenD.as
7. _______ the students fund the sldier’s idea interesting, the system fr the blind was t difficult t be f practical use.
A.AsB. SinceC. WhileD. When
8.China’s ecnmy is sure t develp very quickly _______ the new gvernment is able t wrk scientifically and practically.
A. even thughB.in caseC.as thughD.in that
9.–I’m ttally cnfused abut why she steals things_______ she can easily affrd t buy them.
A. ifB. whenC. whileD. because
10._________be late again, he came t schl by taxi this mrning.
A. In rder tB. S as tC. In rder nt tD. S as nt t
= 2 \* ROMAN II.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)
Gandhi was hnred as the father f the Indian natin, __1__he has been respected by the Indians with the belief that he is an Indian natinal her.
He was brn in India in 1869.As is recrded,he did nt get married __2__13 years ld, fllwing the lcal custm. In 1888 he sailed t England, __3__studying law fr three years and became a lawyer.__4__he returned t India, he was sent t Suth Africa t wrk n a law case.
In Suth Africa he was surprised t find that the prblem f racial discriminatin was serius.__5__,he frmed an rganizatin __6__this was hw he started t fight fr equal rights.
Gandhi returned t India in 1915, __7__India was cntrlled by the British. He led the Indians t fight fr an end t the British rule and independence fr his cuntry.__8__in the plitical mvement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prisn __9__it was still nt sure whether they culd gain independence,the struggles never stpped. The British gvernment had t give in __10__India wn its independence in 1947.Unfrtunately Gandhi was sht by an Indian wh ppsed his views and died n January 30th, 1948.
题组三体验真题
1.(2017·天津)I ___________ dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.
A. was driving B. have driven
C. wuld drive D. drve
2.(2015·北京)He is a shy man, ___________ he is nt afraid f anything r anyne.
A.s B. but
C. r D. as
3.(2014·北京) Sme animals carry seeds frm ne place t anther, ______ plants can spread t new places.
A. sB. r
C. frD. but
4. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad t meet Jenny again, ________ I didn't want t spend all day with her.
A. but B. and
C. s D. r
题组一 基础过关
= 1 \* ROMAN I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词
1.and2.s3.fr4.while5.but6.therwise
= 2 \* ROMAN II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词
1.if2.When3.Althugh4.because5.in case6.befre
题组二 能力提升
= 1 \* ROMAN I.单项填空
1.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意:一些动物带着种子到处走,所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲"有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方",所以导致"植物传播",表示因果关系的并列句。所以选A。
3.A 【解析】考查连词。句意:我很高兴又遇见了珍妮, 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的didn't表示否定,由此可知这里是转折的意思。故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查连词的用法。句意:我觉得我们最好是继续这一科目。否则会浪费我们的时间。and表并列关系;r表示选择;but表示转折;s表示因果。本题旨在说明要么继续这一科目,要么浪费时间,二者择一。故答案为B。
5.D 【解析】考查连词。句意:——凯特,很高兴见到你。——天啊!自从我们上次相见已经20年了。A. when"当……时候";B. befre"在……之前";C. after"在……之后";D. since"自从"。Since引起时间状语从句,从句的时态用一般过去时,而主句中用现在完成时。故选D。
6.A 【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:——多么可怕的事故!——是啊。它发生在四条路的交汇处。根据句意可知此处应用where引导地点状语从句,故选A。
7.C 【解析】考查连词。as"正如,因为";since"自从,既然";while"当……时候,尽管";when"当……时候"。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知,该空应表示让步"尽管……"。句意:尽管学生们觉得这位士兵的观点很有趣,但供盲人使用的这个系统太难以致没有实用价值"。故选C项。
8.D 【解析】考查状语从句。A. even thugh即使,尽管;B. in case 以防,万一;C. as thugh好像;D. in that因为。句意:中国的经济一定会发展非常快速,因为新的政府能够科学地、实事求是地工作。根据句意可知应选D。
10.C 【解析】考查目的状语从句。句意为:为了不再迟到,今天早晨他是打车来学校的。根据句意排除A、B两项,而s as nt t不用于句首,故C项正确。
= 2 \* ROMAN II.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)
1.and 2.until 3.after 4.When/As sn as 5.Therefre
6.and 7.when 8.Althugh/Thugh 9.and 10.and
题组三体验真题
1.A 【解析】根据固定句型:was/ were ding sth + when…(正在做某事,就在这时突然)可知选A。此处when是并列连词。
2.B 【解析】句意:他是一个害羞的人,但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. s因此;B. but但是;C. r或者;D. as作为。根据句意,前后句表示转折,因此选择but。
3.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意:一些动物带着种子到处走,所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲"有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方",所以导致"植物传播",表示因果关系的并列句。所以选A。
4.A 【解析】考查连词。句意:我很高兴又遇见了珍妮, 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的didn't表示否定,由此可知这里是转折的意思。
but
"但是",所连接的成分意思相反或相对。
Our schl is small but beautiful.
while
"然而,可是",表对比。
He went ut fr a walk, while I stayed at hme.
yet
"但是,然而",用于转折。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试。
注意:
1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。
(1)祈使句,and/r+主谓结构。
(2)名词短语,and+主谓结构。
(3).be abut 正要……这时突然……
Climb t the tp f the muntain,and yu'll get a gd view f the city.
Hurry up,r yu'll be late.
Anther five minutes,and I'll finish the cmpsitin.
A few minutes and they went away.
He was abut t g ut when it began t rain heavily.
2.hwever,but,while的用法比较。
hwever另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比,又表转折。
He was ill,but he still kept n wrking.
What she said sunded reasnable,Mr. Green,hwever,didn't believe her. 她说得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。
There is plenty f rain in the suth while there is little rain in the nrth. 南方多雨而北方少雨。
3.(1) s不能与because连用。
(2)but,while不与althugh连用,但yet,still可与althugh连用
定义
在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句。按其意义可分为时间,地点,原因,条件,让步,结果,目的,方式,比较状语从句等。状语从句可放在主句的前后,一般用逗号隔开。状语从句常由引导词(连接词)引导。
分类
地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
方式状语从句
as, (just) as…s…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…s…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如……","就像",多用于正式文体。
as if, as thugh两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。
原因状语从句
because, since, as和fr
(1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
(2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用fr来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用fr。
目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, s that, in rder that, lest, fr fear that, in case等词引导。
分类
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由s… that 或 such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解s和such与其后的词的搭配规律。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,s 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 s 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
注意:
① s many 已成固定搭配,a lt f 虽相当于 many,但 a lt f 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。
② s…that与 such…that之间的转换既为 s与such之间的转换。
条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/s lng as, n cnditin that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
注意:unless = if nt.
让步状语从句
连接词thugh, althugh,后面的从句不能有but,但是 thugh 和yet可连用。
比较状语从句
引导词及用法:(nt) s / as … as, than, the +比较级…… the +比较级……, except/excepting that...(除了……)。
时间状语从句
连接词:when/while/as,till/until,since,befre/after, nce /as sn as/the mment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /n sner…than
/hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when ,the first(secnd…)last/next/every /each /by the time等
分类
时间状语从句
when/while/as
都表示"当……的时候",但when侧重某一时刻的动作或状态,while侧重某一持续时间段的动作或状态,as侧重紧接着发生的动作或状态,强调"同一时间,一先一后,一边……一边……"。
when的其他用法及意义:
(1)"突然,正在此时",常构成以下结构:
be(was/were)+ ding sth/abut t d sth/n the pint f ding sth/t d sth/n ne’s way t...+when(vt-ed)... /had dne…+when(vt-ed)..
(2)"既然/如果"
until/till
二者意义相同,until 比till正式,句首只能用until。
肯定句且谓语动词为延续性动词时表示"直到……为止";否定句且谓语动词为终止性动词时表示 "直到……才……",常构成"
但nt until放在句首时,主句应该半倒装(倒主不倒从)。
分类
时间状语从句
since
prep "自从……以来" 主句(一般/现在完成时)+since+时间点
adv. "从那以后" since then/ever since 强调某一动作或状态的一直,它所修辞的主句谓语动词须为延续性动词。
cnj. 主句(一般/现在完成时)+since从句(vt-ed)
(1)主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,必须强调动作的多次。
Great changes have taken place since I left this city.(take place 为终止性动词,故译为"自从我离开这城市,发生了很多变化")
(2)从句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,则从句的动作表示延续多长时间了,按正常语序翻译。
(3)若从句谓语动词为延续性动词时,则从句的动作表示已结束多长时间了。
(4)it is /was/has been+一段时间+since(vt-ed)... "自从……有多长时间了"
befre
"在……之前;还没(来得及…….就; 趁着还没……"
【固定用法】
it was(nt)/had dne+一段时间+befre(vt-ed)…"还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"
分类
时间状语从句
it will(nt)be+一段时间+befre(一般式)… "还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"
③ there is +一段时间+t g(=left)+befre(一般式)... "在……之前"
④ lng befre "不久前", 用于一般过去时和完成时中;befre lng = sn/nt lng after "不久后",用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。
其他
nce(一旦/曾经,常放在句首)/as sn as/the mment
/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly,
/hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when/n sner…than (一……就……); hardly/ scarcely/ rarely/ n sner置于句首须半倒装,构成hardlyscarcely,rarely/n sner+had +s+).
the first(secnd…)time/last(next)time/every(each)time/by the time(常与完成时连用)
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