【开学考】人教版（2019）高中英语高一英语寒假2024-2025学年高中英语下学期开学考试02 （试卷+答案解析）

这是一份【开学考】人教版（2019）高中英语高一英语寒假2024-2025学年高中英语下学期开学考试02 （试卷+答案解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Fur Bks abut Super Scientists
Yur’ll find the lives fr these tp minds t be as inspiring as they are exciting in the fllwing bks.
The Extrardinary Life fr Alan Turing
Secnd Wrld War cde-breaker Alan Turing features n the Bank fr England’s new £50 nte as a cmputer pineer. This bigraphy fllws him frm his childhd as a quiet by wh lved maths t becming ne fr the mst imprtant scientists in histry.
100 Scientists Wh Made Histry
Bringing tgether mini-bigraphies fr 100 scientists and innvatrs, this bk will give Yur an verview fr the histry fr science. Including astrnauts, bilgists, chemists, cders, dctrs and physicists, it features fun facts abut everyne frm Hippcrates and Lenard da Vinci thrugh t Marie Curie and Stephen Hawking.
Rsalind Franklin: A Life Stry
Rsalind Franklin was the scientist whse cntributin t a crucial discvery in DNA — the chemical that tells Yurr bdy hw t grw and develp — was nt recgnized until after her death. This bk shines a light n the extrardinary stry fr her life and achievements, using timelines, illustratins and fascinating facts.
40 Inspiring Icns: Super Scientists
Each part fr this clurful illustrated bk intrduces Yur t a different “super scientist” and their discveries. This is a fun and easy way t learn abut all srts fr ideas, including Luis Pasteur’s vaccinatins and Ada Lvelace’s inventin fr mysterius cdes.
1．Which bk will attract readers wh are interested in cmputer science?
A．Rsalind Franklin: A Life StryB．100 Scientists Wh Made Histry
C．40 Inspiring Icns: Super ScientistsD．The Extrardinary Life fr Alan Turing
2．Whse cntributin was recgnised after death?
A．Marie Curie’s.B．Luis Pasteur’s.
C．Rsalind Franklin’s.D．Stephen Hawking’s.
3．Where can the text prbably be fund?
A．In a nvel.B．In a magazine.
C．In a bigraphy.D．In a diary.
B
Fllwing Christmas dinner, my family was relaxing arund the kitchen table. We were discussing the delicius meal we had just had. Dad had risen frm his chair and was standing nearby.
My nephew began playing with his new basketball arund the table. Upn nearing Dad, he stpped. With shaking, wrinkled hands, Dad had reached ut fr the ball. He did nt speak, and the by lked at us in cnfusin. After a few secnds, he carefully passed the ball t Dad. I watched my father clsely t see what he wuld d. A playful smile appeared n his face. Hlding the ball and reaching frward, Dad bunced it n the flr and then caught it.
This actin was repeated. Smiling with satisfactin, he then turned twards us. Gently tssing (投掷) the ball away, Dad began a game fr catch.
The ball cntinued t be passed thrugh pairs fr utstretched hands. Cries fr “Over here!” rang thrugh the warm kitchen. Dad’s active participatin in this game was remarkable t me, since he had dementia (痴呆). This disease had rbbed (剥夺) him fr many memries and the recgnitin fr peple, places and pints in time. Despite this, Dad clearly recgnized the ball and what he culd d with it.
In my Yurnger years, playing with Dad was nt frten. He wrked hard and prvided fr us, but never shwed nr shared much emtin. His favrite game was chess, which he nce taught me hw t play. But after his illness, cnnecting mments between father and sn had been few befre he tk the basketball.
I’m nt sure hw lng we played the game. Watching the clck was nt imprtant. Dad happily led us until he began t tire. I knw that that mment will certainly last frever. This Christmas, Dad gave me a special memry—ne that I will always treasure.
4．Hw is the secnd paragraph rganized?
A．By frfering analyses.B．By prviding details.
C．By giving examples.D．By making cmparisns.
5．Why did father’s active participatin in the game surprise the authr?
A．It was the first time he had taken part in such a game.
B．He was able t recgnize his family members clearly.
C．He culd have a rest and relax by playing the ball game.
D．He culd recgnize the ball and react accrdingly.
6．What can we learn abut the authr’s father?
A．His sickness made it difficult fr him t recgnize peple.
B．He wrked hard and liked t share his feelings with his family.
C．He taught the authr hw t play basketball and the game fr catch.
D．When the authr was Yurng, he spent a lt fr time playing with him.
7．What wuld be the best title fr this text?
A．A Sn’s LveB．Father’s Smiles
C．The Happiness fr a Sick FatherD．Unfrgettable Memries at Christmas
C
In Billings, Mntana, sme healthcare experts are using 3D printers t make reusable plastic masks. What makes them special is that the masks are then fitted with pieces fr surgical (外科的) masks which can be replaced when needed.
“The surgical masks are cut int smaller squares that can be filled int the plastic mask t serve as a filter (过滤器),” said Dusty Richardsn, a surgen at the Billings Clinic. “The filter can be used fr a day and Yur can substitute it the next day, but I d wash it fr the next use,” Richardsn added. The plastic mask and filter can be cleaned with sap, bleach (a chemical that is used t make smething becme white) and ther cleaning chemicals. Richardsn believes healthcare wrkers can get six t ten uses ut fr a single surgical mask.
Richardsn came up with a prttype (原型) fr the mask last week and wrked with surgen Spencer Zaugg and Spencer’s sn Cltn t make the design becme a reality. They’re all really int 3D printing and Cltn have design experience and was able t adapt a pattern he fund nline.
“Spencer and Cltn have fur 3D printers,” Richardsn said. Public schls in Billings are clsed because fr COVID-19,but sme teachers went back int their classrms n Mnday t start printing ut masks n their schls’ 3D printer.
All the files, details, and design inf alng with revisins were riginally upladed n Zaugg’s dental frfice website at that have received ver 15,000 dwnlads fr anyne trying t print arund the wrld. With s much need and request fr the website, they teamed up with a Silicn Valley tech cmpany and just launched the website that is nw live. The new website is expected t run faster but with s many peple requesting the free file dwnlad, it’s taking time.
A cmpany called HiTech Filters heard abut the prject and said that they culd mass-prduce filters using hspital-grade high-efficiency material quickly withut wasting precius surgical masks. “We’re just trying t help peple here,” Richardsn said. “We want healthcare prviders and patients t be safe.”
8．What is the biggest feature fr the reusable plastic mask?
A．It is in the shape fr a square.
B．It can be cleaned with pure water.
C．It is made fr natural and harmless chemicals.
D．It is mre envirnmentally friendly.
9．The underlined wrd “substitute” in Paragraph 2 have the clsest meaning t “________”.
A．makeB．replaceC．cleanD．print
10．What can we learn abut the reusable plastic mask frm the text?
A．It receives negative cmments nline.
B．Its prductin instructins are kept secret.
C．Its applicatin is cnsidered impractical by thers.
D．It is easy t make and have attracted much attentin.
11．Which wrd can best describe Richardsn?
A．Respnsible and helpful.
B．Independent and hardwrking.
C．Humrus and warm-hearted.
D．Hnest and intelligent.
D
The first time I heard abut my classmates engaging with scial media was in the furth grade. A lt fr my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped nt platfrms like Instagram at such a Yurng age. On the ther hand, I hesitated. I nly knew the basics, but was freign t sme wrds n scial media.
All thrughut middle schl, I stuck with the same thinking. And nw, as a freshman in cllege, I am lking back and wndering why I, unlike my classmates, have never been naturally interested in scial media.
Scanning Instagram, Yur ught t find dzens fr pictures fr peple in beautiful cuntries, taking part in exciting activities, and spending time with friends and family, amng many ther things. The thught fr ding this have never related t me. I respect and understand thse wh d believe using scial media allws them t express themselves and share aspects fr their lives with thers. Hwever, I have never had any interest in ding the same. In my eyes, when nt shared with thers, family gatherings and friend get-tgethers are just as meaningful, if nt mre s.
Mst peple have experienced feeling insecure (不安全) and uncnfident n scial media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can nly be btained thrugh dangerus ways. Even withut using scial media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebk wuld make me embarrassed abut all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted t lk at a pst n scial media and immediately cmpare myself and my life.
I cnstantly bserve my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by scial media.While trying t cmplete their hmewrk, they have a pwerful urge t pen up Instagram r Facebk t see if there are any new messages. With hmewrk and after-class activities cnsuming the majrity fr my day, I cannt wait t finish every task n my t-d list, s I can finally spend time with my family r have sme time fr myself t relax frm my busy day.
12．What can we knw frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Scial media are ppular in schls.
B．Yurng pupils suffer frm scial media.
C．The authr have n access t scial media.
D．Scial media cntribute t students’ study.
13．Frm paragraph 3, we can knw that ________.
A．students get easily distracted by scial media
B．pictures fr peple taking part in exciting activities are nt real
C．family gatherings are nt meaningful if nt shared with thers
D．the authr never shares aspects fr his lives with thers n scial media
14．Why d peple using scial media might feel insecure?
A．They pst their images n scial media.
B．They fllw ther peple’s beauty standards ttally.
C．Scial media change the way they lk at themselves.
D．Scial media encurage them t be a unique individual.
15．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．A t-d list can stp peple using scial media.
B．Scial media can waste peple’s valuable time.
C．Spending time with family always enjys first pririty.
D．Students pay mre attentin t scial media than t study.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Accrding t the American Cancer Sciety, smking is respnsible fr 1 in 5 deaths in the United States-nearly 443, 000 each year. Quitting smking can be difficult fr many peple. ___16___.
Make a plan and write it dwn.
___17___. When Yur decide t quit smking, set a stp date. Write Yurr reasns dwn, whether it is because fr Yurr health, the health fr Yurr children r because Yur want t save mney. ___18___, as lng as they are Yurr real mtivatin t quit smking.
___19___
Mst smkers have succeeded quitting by setting a stp date and abruptly（硬生生的）quitting n that date. But if Yur’ve tried that and it desn’t wrk, cutting back gradually may prduce better results.
Frm new habits
Many smkers are likely t feel the urge t smke when they’re in situatins where they frten smked, like at a bar r in frnt fr the televisin. While Yur may nt be able t avid all the places where Yur used t smke, there are sme Yur can avid while Yur’re quitting. ___20___, d smething else. Fr example, Yur can chew gum, use a stress ball r have a healthy snack.
A．Cut back gradually
B．The specific reasns dn't matter
C．They will supprt Yur
D．And als tell them why it’s imprtant fr Yur t quit
E．When Yur must visit places where smking is invlved
F．Hwever, here are sme advice Yur can d t quit smking
G．Making a plan makes it easier t quit smking
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a few days befre Christmas many years ag. It lked like it wuld be a (n) ____21____ ne fr my family. The factry where I was wrking had laid frf (解雇) many fr us wrkers, s we didn’t have much ____22____. My wife and I had saved t buy ur Yurng children sme tys, ____23____ an unexpected car repair had taken mst fr ur cash. We decided that we culd nly ____24____ t get ne small gift fr each fr ur children.
We arrived at the ____25____, walked dwn the parking lt and saw peple putting gifts int their ____26____. We searched all thrugh the stre ____27____ t find ne thing each fr ur small children wuld like. ____28____, we were able t get ne fr each fr them. We ____29____ the checkut (收银台), bught the tys and were surprised that we even had a few dllars ______30______. As we walked ut fr the stre int the winter air, I stpped and drpped thse ______31______ int the charity bx. I didn’t have a dime (一角硬币) left but that didn’t ______32______. Suddenly, it felt like Christmas.
I think the wnderful actress Dale Evans _____33_____ it best when she said: “Christmas, my child, is lve in ______34______.” It desn’t have t be a gift fr mney, either. When we ______35______ ur smile, it’s Christmas. When we d anything at any time t help anther, it’s Christmas. May Yur d all Yur can t make it Christmas every day fr the year and every day fr Yurr life here.
21．A．clrfulB．prC．earlyD．exciting
22．A．timeB．energyC．niseD．mney
23．A．butB．rC．sD．if
24．A．refuseB．rememberC．affrdD．hesitate
25．A．streB．statinC．gymD．hspital
26．A．frficesB．bedrmsC．carsD．huses
27．A．frgettingB．agreeingC．failingD．hping
28．A．ImmediatelyB．ThankfullyC．SadlyD．Strangely
29．A．headed frB．gave upC．turned frfD．kept frf
30．A．watched verB．lked verC．left verD．taken ver
31．A．giftsB．bksC．dllarsD．fruits
32．A．wrkB．bendC．stpD．matter
33．A．putB．brkeC．threwD．cleaned
34．A．frceB．cntrlC．actinD．silence
35．A．hideB．shareC．changeD．supprt
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Twer Bridge is ne fr the twenty-seven bridges ver the River Thames. It is clse t the Twer fr Lndn, frm ____36____the Twer Bridge gt its name. It is a symbl fr Lndn.
It is recrded that the Twer Bridge ____37____(build) in 1894 and nw it is ne fr the ____38____(famus) bridges in the wrld. It’s interesting that its middle part can be raised ____39____(let) big ships pass. It used t be raised abut 50 times a day, ____40____nw it is raised nly 4 t 5 times a week. If Yur are lucky enugh t see the bridge with its tw arms pen high in the air, Yur’ll never frget it.
Peple frten think the Twer fr Lndn and the Twer Bridge are fr ____41____same age. But in fact, the Twer was cnstructed 1000 years ag, while the Bridge nly ____42____(have) a histry fr ver 100 years.
The Twer Bridge was first painted chclate brwn. Later, it was painted red, white and blue. Its picture als appeared in the pening fr the Summer Olympic Games ____43____(hld) in Lndn in 2012. S cme t visit the famus bridge. Yur’ll ____44____(sure) have a wnderful experience and it’ll leave Yur a lasting ____45____(impress).
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假如你是中学生李华，你收到正在学习汉语的美国笔友Peter的电子邮件，说他在汉语学习中遇到了困难，感到非常着急。请根据以下要点给他回信并提出建议，帮他来解决这方面的困难。
要点：
1.不要担忧，要有信心；
2.给自己更多练习汉语的机会；
3.让自己处在汉语的环境当中。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增添细节，以使得全文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Charles lived a lnely life after his wife passed away. Unfrtunately, he lst his sn in a car accident mnths after lsing his wife, s he had nbdy in his life he culd call family.
He was a millinaire businessman befre he sld his cmpany t live a life away frm chas. He had a large huse and lts fr mney, but he was lnely and sad.
One summer mrning, Charles was reading newspaper in the living rm when he heard his neighbr, Mrs. Francis, talking with smene. He went t the frnt dr and pened it t see what was ging n. He nticed a well-dressed by standing in Mrs. Francis’ drway.
“Please, madam,” the by begged. “I need the mney. I’m nt lying.” “But Yur dn’t lk like smene wh needs t beg fr a living! Hw can I give Yur mney?” replied Mrs. Francis. Charles saw the by’s head drpped and that his face lked sad. Nt wanting t judge the by withut knwing the whle stry, Charles asked frm his drstep, “Hey, there! Can I help Yur?”
The by raised his head and dashed t Charles’ dr. “Yes, sir! I’m Gerge. I’m eight years ld. I’m ging frm dr t dr asking fr dnatins t pay fr my mther’s peratin. But Yurr neighbr didn’t believe me. She thught I was skipping schl t ask fr mney. I prmise I’ll nt waste Yurr mney! Can Yur help me?” he asked sincerely.
“But she was nt ttally wrng, dear,” Charles said, staring at the kid. “Aren’t Yur suppsed t be in class at this hur?” The by replied he was spending his summer hlidays. After a brief pause, he sighed, “I tried lking fr wrk, but everyne said I’m t Yurng. My mther needs peratin tw weeks later, s I want t cllect mney fr her. I’m planning t give her the mney n her birthday next week s that she can be happy and healthy sn.”
Charles asked, “Well, hw abut wrking fr me? All Yur have t d is help me a little arund the huse and get grceries fr me. In return, I’ll pay Yur. Deal?”
Paragraph 1:
Gerge happily ndded and said, “Deal! Can I start t wrk tday?”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After a week passed, Charles paid a visit t Gerge’s huse.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本与顶级科学家相关的书籍。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一个小标题下面“Secnd Wrld War cde-breaker Alan Turing features n the Bank fr England’s new £50 nte as a cmputer pineer. This bigraphy fllws him frm his childhd as a quiet by wh lved maths t becming ne fr the mst imprtant scientists in histry.(第二次世界大战密码破译者艾伦·图灵作为计算机先驱出现在英格兰银行新版50英镑纸币上。这本传记讲述了他从一个热爱数学的安静男孩到成为历史上最重要的科学家之一的故事。)”可知，这本书是讲述一个历史上伟大的计算机科学家艾伦·图灵的事迹，所以可推知，这本书会吸引对计算机科学感兴趣的读者。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三个小标题下面“Rsalind Franklin was the scientist whse cntributin t a crucial discvery in DNA — the chemical that tells Yurr bdy hw t grw and develp — was nt recgnized until after her death.(罗莎琳德·富兰克林是一位科学家，她对DNA的重大发现做出了贡献——DNA是一种告诉你的身体如何生长和发育的化学物质——直到她去世后才得到认可。)”可知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林的贡献在她去世以后才被承认。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了四本与顶级科学家相关的书籍，让读者大致了解了每本书的主要内容和书中所记载的科学家及他们的发明，所以可推知本文可能来自一篇杂志。故选B项。
4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章描述了圣诞晚餐后，作者患有痴呆症的父亲伸手向作者的侄子要篮球玩，一家人陪着他投掷、传递篮球的温馨场面，令作者回忆起以往，同时也会永远铭记这个难忘的圣诞夜。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“My nephew began playing with his new basketball arund the table. Upn nearing Dad, he stpped. With shaking, wrinkled hands, Dad had reached ut fr the ball. He did nt speak, and the by lked at us in cnfusin. After a few secnds, he carefully passed the ball t Dad. I watched my father clsely t see what he wuld d. A playful smile appeared n his face. Hlding the ball and reaching frward, Dad bunced it n the flr and then caught it. (我侄子开始围着桌子玩他的新篮球。走到爸爸身边，他停了下来。爸爸用颤抖、布满皱纹的手伸手去拿球。他没有说话，男孩困惑地看着我们。几秒钟后，他小心翼翼地把球传给了爸爸。我仔细观察父亲，看他会怎么做。他脸上露出了顽皮的微笑。爸爸拿着球向前，在地板上弹跳，然后接住了它。)”可知，第二段提供了关于作者的父亲向孩子伸手要篮球时的互动，为细节描写。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dad’s active participatin in this game was remarkable t me, since he had dementia (痴呆). This disease had rbbed (剥夺) him fr many memries and the recgnitin fr peple, places and pints in time. Despite this, Dad clearly recgnized the ball and what he culd d with it. (父亲积极参与这个游戏对我来说很了不起，因为他患有痴呆症。这种疾病夺走了他的许多记忆和对人、地点和时间点的认识。尽管如此，父亲还是清楚地认出了这个球，知道他能用它做什么。)”可知，作者的父亲患有痴呆症，但是他还认得篮球，知道怎么玩。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dad’s active participatin in this game was remarkable t me, since he had dementia (痴呆). This disease had rbbed (剥夺) him fr many memries and the recgnitin fr peple, places and pints in time. (父亲积极参与这个游戏对我来说很了不起，因为他患有痴呆症。这种疾病夺走了他的许多记忆和对人、地点和时间点的认识。)”可知，患有痴呆症的父亲很难认出谁对谁来。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I knw that that mment will certainly last frever. This Christmas, Dad gave me a special memry—ne that I will always treasure. (我知道那一刻肯定会永远持续下去。这个圣诞节，爸爸给了我一段特别的回忆，我将永远珍惜。)”可知，作者的父亲尽管患有痴呆症，在圣诞节时居然会伸手向孩子要篮球玩，一家人陪着他投掷、传递篮球的场景令作者铭记在心。D项“Unfrgettable Memries at Christmas(圣诞难忘的回忆)”作文章标题比较贴切，故选D项。
8．D 9．B 10．D 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在美国蒙大拿州的Billings，医生Dusty Richardsn和其他两名医生合作用3D打印机制作可重复使用的塑料口罩，希望保证医生和患者的安全。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“What makes them special is that the masks are then fitted with pieces fr surgical (外科的) masks which can be replaced when needed.(它们的特别之处在于，这些口罩内置了一片片外科口罩，在需要时可以更换)”，第二段第一句话““The surgical masks are cut int smaller squares that can be filled int the plastic mask t serve as a filter (过滤器),” said Dusty Richardsn, a surgen at the Billings Clinic.(比林斯诊所的外科医生达斯蒂·理查森说：“外科口罩被切成更小的正方形，可以填充到塑料口罩中作为过滤器。”)”以及第二段倒数第二句话“ The plastic mask and filter can be cleaned with sap, bleach (a chemical that is used t make smething becme white) and ther cleaning chemicals.(塑料面罩和过滤器可以用肥皂、漂白剂（一种用于使某物变白的化学物质）和其他清洁化学物质清洗)”可推知，这种塑料口罩内部被放置了外科口罩碎片作为过滤器，而且塑料面罩和过滤器都可以清洗以便重复使用，所以它最大的特点就是比传统口罩环保。故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话“What makes them special is that the masks are then fitted with pieces fr surgical (外科的) masks which can be replaced when needed.(它们的特殊之处在于，这些口罩内置了一片片外科口罩，需要时可以更换)”以及换线单词前半句话“The filter can be used fr a day(这个过滤器可以用一天)”以及句中的next day“第二天”可知，这种口罩中内置了很多块外科口罩，在需要时可以更换，所以过滤器第一天用完之后，第二天就可以更换它。换线单词的意思是“替换”。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Richardsn came up with a prttype (原型) fr the mask last week and wrked with surgen Spencer Zaugg and Spencer’s sn Cltn t make the design becme a reality.(理查德森上周提出了口罩的原型，并与外科医生斯宾塞·扎格和斯宾塞的儿子科尔顿合作，使设计成为现实)”以及第五段中第一句话“All the files, details, and design inf alng with revisins were riginally upladed n Zaugg’s dental frfice website at that have received ver 15,000 dwnlads fr anyne trying t print arund the wrld.(所有的文件、细节和设计信息以及修订版最初都上传到Zaugg的牙科办公室网站上，该网站已为世界各地试图打印的人提供了超过15000次下载)”可知，Richardsn和他的合作伙伴已经用3D打印机成功的制作出了这种口罩。而且他们把消息信息发布的网站上时，全世界试图打印的人的下载量超过了15000次。由此可知，这个口罩很容易制作，并且引起了很大的关注。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话““We’re just trying t help peple here,” Richardsn said. “We want healthcare prviders and patients t be safe.”(理查森说：“我们只是想帮助这里的人。”。“我们希望医护人员和患者安全。”)”可推知，Richardsn是一个有责任心并且乐于助人的人。故选A。
12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要从作者对自己不喜欢社交媒体的这一心理的反思入手，针对社交媒体对当下人们的影响进行思考和论述。
12．推理判断题。文章前两段讲述了作者身边的人及作者本人对社交媒体平台的态度，结合第一段前两句“The first time I heard abut my classmates engaging with scial media was in the furth grade. A lt fr my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped nt platfrms like Instagram at such a Yurng age.(我第一次听说同学们使用社交媒体是在四年级的时候。我的很多朋友和同学在很小的时候就兴奋地登上了Instagram这样的平台)”可知，在四年级的时候，作者的朋友和同学就纷纷参与到社交媒体平台，由此可推知，社交媒体很受学生欢迎。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The thught fr ding this have never related t me. I respect and understand thse wh d believe using scial media allws them t express themselves and share aspects fr their lives with thers. Hwever, I have never had any interest in ding the same. In my eyes, when nt shared with thers, family gatherings and friend get-tgethers are just as meaningful, if nt mre s. (我从来没想过要这么做。我尊重并理解那些相信使用社交媒体可以让他们表达自己并与他人分享生活的人。然而，我从来没有兴趣做同样的事情。在我看来，家庭聚会和朋友聚会在不与人分享的情况下，同样有意义，甚至更有意义)”可知，作者从来没有在社交媒体上分享自己与朋友和家人共度时光的照片。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Mst peple have experienced feeling insecure and uncnfident n scial media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can nly be btained thrugh dangerus ways. Even withut using scial media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebk wuld make me embarrassed abut all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted t lk at a pst n scial media and immediately cmpare myself and my life.(大多数人在社交媒体上都有过不安全感和缺乏自信的经历。被改变的照片代表着不切实际的美丽标准，只有通过危险的方式才能获得。即使不使用社交媒体，我也知道使用Instagram和Facebk等应用程序会让我在所有方面都感到尴尬，而这些方面却会让我成为一个独一无二的人。我从来都不想在看到社交媒体上的帖子后，立即将自己和自己的生活与其进行比较)”可知，社交媒体平台上的图片等内容可能是经过编辑的，一些美丽标准是不容易实现的。且这些社交媒体容易让人产生对比心理，阅读者往往将博主的生活和自己的生活进行对比，使自己对自己的看法产生变化，而作者不同于他人，作者是不想这样去对比的。由此可推知，使用社交媒体的人之所以会感到不安全是因为社交媒体使人们之间产生对比，改变了人们看待自己的方式。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“I cnstantly bserve my classmates getting easily distracted by scial media. While trying t cmplete their hmewrk, they have a pwerful urge t pen up Instagram r Facebk t see if there are any new messages.(我经常观察到我的同学很容易被社交媒体分心。在努力完成家庭作业的同时，他们有一种强烈的冲动，想打开Instagram或Facebk，看看是否有新消息)”可知，社交媒体会影响完成作业的进度，使得人们浪费宝贵的时间去关注社交动态。故选B项。
16．F 17．G 18．B 19．A 20．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个有效的戒烟方法。
16．根据前文“Quitting smking can be difficult fr many peple.”（对许多人来说，戒烟是件困难的事。）可知戒烟是困难的。结合下文提到的戒烟的建议，可知空处应总说这里会有一些关于戒烟的建议。选项F.“然而，这里有一些你可以用于戒烟的建议”，符合题意，故选F。
17．结合前文“Make a plan and write it dwn”（制定一个计划，然后写下来）可知，空处应承接前文，讲述这样做的意义是什么。选项G.“制定计划使戒烟更容易”提到了制定戒烟计划的好处，切题。故选G。
18．结合前文“Write Yurr reasns dwn, whether it is because fr Yurr health1, the health fr Yurr children r because Yur want t save mney. ”（写下你的理由，无论是因为你的健康，孩子的健康，还是因为你想省钱。）可知，不管是什么原因让你戒烟都把它写下来。后文“ as lng as they are Yurr real mtivatin t quit smking”（只要它们是你戒烟的真正动机）可知，空前应承上启下，讲述戒烟的具体原因并不重要。选项B.“具体原因并不重要”，切题，故选B。
19．根据下文“Mst smkers have succeeded quitting by setting a stp date and abruptly（硬生生的）quitting n that date. But if Yur’ve tried that and it desn’t wrk, cutting back gradually may prduce better results.”（大多数吸烟者通过设定一个停止吸烟的日期并在那一天突然戒烟而成功戒烟。但是如果你已经尝试过了，但是没有效果，逐渐减少可能会产生更好的结果。）可知，硬生生的戒烟不成功的话，就慢慢戒烟。所以空处应该讲戒烟可以逐渐地的戒。选项A.“逐渐减少”，切题，故选A。
20．结合下文“d smething else. Fr example, Yur can chew gum, use a stress ball r have a healthy snack.”（做一些其他的事情。例如，你可以嚼口香糖，使用压力球或吃一些健康的零食。）可知，你可以通过做一些事来避免你吸烟，所以空处可以描述当你不可避免地到了某个吸烟的场合，选项E.“当你必须去有吸烟的（场合）地方”，切题，故选E。
21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述经济拮据的作者在给孩子们买完圣诞节礼物后，把仅剩的几美元捐了出去，并感悟到圣诞节是爱的行动。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看起来，今年圣诞节对我的家庭来说会是非常贫穷的一个圣诞节。A. clrful多彩的；B. pr贫穷的；C. early早的；D. exciting令人激动的。根据下文“The factry where I was wrking had laid frf (解雇) many fr us wrkers, s we didn't have much ___2___.”以及“___3___ an unexpected car repair had taken mst fr ur cash”可知，作者失业了，修车又花掉了大部分积攒的给孩子买玩具的钱，因此对作者来说，将度过一个贫穷的圣诞节。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我工作的那家工厂解雇了我们许多工人，所以我们没有多少钱。A. time时间；B. energy能量；C. nise噪音；D. mney金钱。根据前文“The factry where I was wrking had laid frf many fr us wrkers”可知，作者被解雇了，因此没有多少钱。故选D。
23．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子本来攒了些钱给年幼的孩子们买些玩具，但一次意外的汽车维修花掉了我们大部分现金。A. but但是；B. r或者；C. s因此；D. if假如，如果。“an unexpected car repair had taken mst fr ur cash”与上文“My wife and I had saved t buy ur Yurng children sme tys”之间为转折关系，应用连词but。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们决定只能给每个孩子买一件小礼物。A. refuse拒绝；B. remember记得；C. affrd买得起；D. hesitate犹豫。由上文可知，因为作者被解雇了，经济窘迫，再结合“My wife and I had saved t buy ur Yurng children sme tys, ____3____ an unexpected car repair had taken mst fr ur cash.”可知作者只负担得起给每个小孩子买一个小的礼物。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们到达商店，沿着停车场走，看到人们把礼物放进车里。A. stre商店；B. statin车站；C. gym体育馆；D. hspital医院。根据下文“We searched all thrugh the stre”可知，作者和妻子去了商店。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们到了商店，走到停车场上，看到人们在往他们的车里放礼物。A. frfices办公室；B. bedrms卧室；C. cars汽车；D. huses房子。根据上文“walked dwn the parking lt and saw peple putting gifts int their”可知，作者和妻子在停车场看到人们把买好的礼物放到车里。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们找遍了整个商店，希望能为我们每个年幼的孩子都找到一件喜欢的东西。A. frgetting忘记；B. agreeing同意；C. failing失败,不及格；D. hping希望。根据前文“We searched all thrugh the stre”以及空后的“t find ne thing each fr ur small children wuld like”可知，他们找遍了整个商店是希望找到孩子喜欢的东西。故选D。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，我们为他们每个人都买了一个。A. Immediately立即；B. Thankfully（用以表示高兴）幸亏，感激地；C. Sadly悲伤地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据上文“We decided that we culd nly ___4___ t get ne small gift fr each fr ur children.”以及下文“we were able t get ne fr each fr them”可知，作者对于能够为每个孩子买到他们喜欢而且自己也买得起的礼物而感到庆幸，感激。故选B。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们走向收银台，买了玩具，惊讶地发现我们甚至还剩下几美元。A. headed fr前往；B. gave up放弃；C. turned frf关掉；D. kept frf回避，使远离。根据前文“we were able t get ne fr each fr them”以及空后的“the checkut”可知，作者和妻子找到了孩子们的礼物，走向收银台，准备结账。故选A。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们走向收银台，买了玩具，惊讶地发现我们甚至还剩下几美元。A. watched ver照管，监督，保护；B. lked ver查看，检查；C. left ver剩下；D. taken ver接管。根据前文“we even had a few dllars”以及后文“I stpped and drpped thse ___11___ int the charity bx. I didn’t have a dime (一角硬币) left but that didn’t ___12___.”可知作者结账后还剩下了几美元。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们走出商店，走进冬天的空气中，我停下脚步把那几美元投进了捐款箱。A. gifts礼物；B. bks书籍；C. dllars美元；D. fruits水果。由前文“we even had a few dllars ____10____.”以及下文“I didn’t have a dime left”可知，作者把买礼物剩下的几美元投进了捐款箱。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一角钱都没有了，不过没关系。A. wrk工作；B. bend弯曲；C. stp停止；D. matter要紧，重要。由句中的转折连词“but”可知，作者虽然身上一角钱也没有了，但是他觉得没有关系，并不要紧。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为那位出色的女演员Dale Evans说得最好：“孩子，圣诞节是爱在行动。”A. put表达，放置；B. brke （使）破，裂，违反，背弃；C. threw扔；D. cleaned打扫。由下文“when she said: “Christmas, my child, is lve in __14__”可知，此处是那位女演员表达自己的看法，put意为“说，表达”符合句意，短语put it best表示“所言极是”。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为那位出色的女演员Dale Evans说得最好：“孩子，圣诞节是爱在行动。”A. frce力量；B. cntrl控制；C. actin行动，行为；D. silence沉默。根据下文“When we ___15___ ur smile, it’s Christmas. When we d anything at any time t help anther, it’s Christma”可知，圣诞节就是在我们向别人微笑，帮助别人来表达我们的关爱的时候。由此可知此句表达圣诞节是爱在行动。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们分享我们的微笑，那就是圣诞节。A. hide隐藏；B. share分享；C. change改变；D. supprt支持。由上文“Christmas, my child, is lve in __14__”以及下文“When we d anything at any time t help anther, it’s Christmas. ”可知，此句指当我们分享我们的微笑，表达我们对别人的关爱，这就是圣诞节，圣诞节应当是“分享（share）”笑容。故选B。
36．which 37．was built 38．mst famus 39．t let 40．but 41．the 42．have 43．held 44．surely 45．impressin
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了伦敦的象征——塔桥，本文围绕塔桥的名字来历、历史以及颜色等方面进行了讲述。
36．考查定语从句。句意：它靠近伦敦塔，塔桥的名字就是由此而来的。分析可知空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Twer fr Lndn，作介词frm的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
37．考查时态和语态。句意：据记载，塔桥建于1894年，现在它是世界上最著名的桥梁之一。空处为主语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1894判断为一般过去时，且主语the Twer Bridge和build之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was built。
38．考查形容词的级。句意同上。根据“ne fr+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知，此处应用famus的最高级the mst famus。故填mst famus。
39．考查不定式。句意：有趣的是，它的中间部分可以升高，让大船通过。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，即中间部分可以升高的目的是让大船通过。故填t let。
40．考查连词。句意：过去每天升高50次左右，但现在每周只升高4到5次。结合句意可知，上下文为转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。
41．考查冠词。句意：人们常常认为伦敦塔和塔桥是同一时代的。same通常和冠词the搭配，the same age“同一时代”。故填the。
42．考查时态。句意：但事实上，这座塔是1000年前建造的，而这座桥只有100多年的历史。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 the Bridge是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填have。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：2012年在伦敦举行的夏季奥运会开幕式上也出现了它的照片。句中已有谓语动词appeared且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语the pening fr the Summer Olympic Games和hld之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
44．考查副词。句意：你肯定会有一次美妙的经历，它会给你留下持久的印象。修饰动词have，应用sure的副词形式。故填surely。
45．考查名词。句意同上，作lasting的宾语，应用impress的名词形式，impressin“印象”是可数名词，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填impressin。
46．Dear Peter,
I’m srry t learn that Yur are ging thrugh a hard time in learning Chinese. Nw I’d like t frfer Yur sme suggestins.
T begin with, dn’t be anxius and trust Yurrself. Since Chinese is ne fr the mst cmplex languages in the wrld, it is very nrmal fr a beginner t have sme truble. Besides, seize every pprtunity t practise using the language. The mre Yur practice,the mre fluent Yur will becme. Abve all, invlve Yurrself in a Chinese envirnment. Make sure Yur are surrunded by bks and TV prgrammes in Chinese, and by friends speaking Chinese, which is very imprtant fr the learning fr any language.
Lking frward t Yurr imprvement sn.
Yurrs truly,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给正在学习汉语的美国笔友Peter写一封邮件提供一些学习汉语的具体建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
焦虑的：anxius→wrried
机会：pprtunity→chance
重要的：imprtant→crucial
进步：imprvement→prgress
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：T begin with, dn’t be anxius and trust Yurrself.
拓展句：T begin with, what is mst imprtant is that Yur shuldn’t be anxius and trust Yurrself.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The mre Yur practice,the mre fluent Yur will becme.(运用了the+比较级，the+比较级的结构)
【高分句型2】Make sure Yur are surrunded by bks and TV prgrammes in Chinese, and by friends speaking Chinese, which is very imprtant t the learning fr any language.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
47．Paragraph 1:
Gerge happily ndded and said, “Deal! Can I start t wrk tday?” Charles smiled, “Why nt?” Then, he handed Gerge a shpping list. Gerge left with it happily. After returning, he helped Charles walk the dg. Charles jyfully chatted with Gerge, which quite relieved his lneliness. Frm that
②. 感谢：thank /be grateful
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Charles jyfully chatted with Gerge, which quite relieved his lneliness.（运用了关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. The wman, wh was lying in bed, culdn’t help crying because fr Charles’ kindness and her sn’s thughtfulness.（运用了关系代词wh引导的非限制性定语从句）