重难点03 语法填空之名词、冠词、形容词副词-2025年高考英语 热点 重点 难点 专练（北京专用）

这是一份重难点03 语法填空之名词、冠词、形容词副词-2025年高考英语 热点 重点 难点 专练（北京专用），文件包含重难点03语法填空之名词冠词形容词副词-2025年高考英语热点重点难点专练北京专用原卷版docx、重难点03语法填空之名词冠词形容词副词-2025年高考英语热点重点难点专练北京专用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共26页， 欢迎下载使用。

一．名词
一．解题技法
二．重点强化
1．可数名词复数的规则变化：
(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加­s
(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加­es
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加­es
(4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加­s
(5)以结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加­s，如pians, phts；有生命的在词尾加­es，如ptates, heres等
(6)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加­es。如knife→knives，leaf→leaves (如题3,4)；少数直接加­s，如rf→rfs, gulf→gulfs
2．可数名词复数的不规则变化：
(1)单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means (手段), wrks (工厂), series (系列)等
(2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词：
criterin标准→criteria muse老鼠→mice
phenmenn现象→phenmena ft脚；英尺→feet
medium传播媒介→media child孩子→children
1.【2024北京卷】 T practise this, we need t establish clear ___14___ (bundary) in ur persnal and prfessinal life.
2.【2024北京卷】 Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware).
3.【2023北京卷】Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect 15 (city) frm castal winds. Fr these reasns, they are praised as “castal guardians”.
4.【2021年北京卷】Why d we dream？Scientists aren't cmpletely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)．
5.【2020年北京卷】Over time, the bags fall apart___6___cuntless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat sme f them. Nw, lts f___7___(cuntry) and regins are taking actin t ban the sale f such bags t stp peple using them.
二．冠词
一．考向——如何确定填冠词
如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
解题规则——如何确定填什么冠词
1.不定冠词a/an的常考点
(1)表示泛指，相当于“a certain”。
(2)表示类指，指某类中的“任何一个”。
(3)表示量指，但数的概念没有ne强烈。
(4)表示“每”，相当于per，用于价格、速度、频率等表达中。
(5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠词。
(6)和具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词连用表示具体的概念。
2.定冠词the的常考点
(1)特指某人或某物。
(2)用于最高级或序数词前或由nly, very, same等修饰的名词前
(3)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
(5)定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。
1．Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr first time.
2．Then, when yu use ne sectin, ther stays fresh.
3．Nt the pandas, even thugh language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.
三．形容词、副词
考向1形容词和副词的级
考向2形容词和副词之间的转化
解题规则
重点强化
形容词变副词的规则
1．一般情况加­ly
cmmn→cmmnly immediate→immediately
2．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加­ly
steady→steadily busy→busily
3．以­le结尾，去掉e加­y
simple→simply gentle→gently
4．以­ic结尾，加­ally
ecnmic→ecnmically scientific→scientifically
1.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as nes n punctuality (守时). I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I 11．threw (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up 12 (exact) n time. Years later, having mved t France.
2.【2022年北京卷】That’s a big prblem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad).
3.【2021年北京卷】Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd ____16____（safe） wait fr the plice t take her hme．
4.【2020年北京卷】 Oliver says if yu're___2___(luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them___3___yu can jin in when it's pssible.
5.【2020年北京卷】They were much strnger than mdern humans, but it's lng been assumed that human ancestrs were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. Hwever, the stne tl made by Neanderthals suggests therwise.
（建议用时：40分钟）
【类型一：名词综合练】
1. They als need t be ready t give (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists.
2. But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place that welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
3. The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Carsn's theme is a mre weighty (warn) abut envirnmental destructin.
4. Thanks t Beijing's lng histry as capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric (event).
5. The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
6. “He saved my (sn) life,” said Mrs. Brwn.
7. China has a (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
8.Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental
(prtect).
9.The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we
(human) are.
10. (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
【类型二：冠词综合练】
11．Nt the pandas, even thugh language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.
12．In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect culture f grassrts Beijingers.
13．Cvering an area abut three times size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
14．Eric Brwn, nly three years ld, kncked Henry dwn when he fell. The by is in the hspital and dctrs say he’ll be OK. Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt.
15．T celebrate festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
16．Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f time, they agreed.
17．The tactile (可触知的) paintings wrk as a way t shw art t blind because we dn’t see with just Our eyes: We see with ur brains.
18．The meat shuld be fresh with tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
19 friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
【类型三：形容词副词综合练】
20. N matter where I buy the sup dumplings, ne steamer basket is (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, and s I am always left wanting mre next time.
21. Since June 2017, right befre the arrival f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and (cnfidence) speaking English.
22. The (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, means there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
23. (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn's stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral.
24. The term “hutng”, (riginal) meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
25. The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by (space) hmes and walled gardens.
26. When he lked dwn, he (accidental) slipped and fell ver the edge.
27. In the last five years, Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's (high) muntain.
28. The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will (undubted) help yu get refreshed!
29. The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the (ht) the spring!
【类型四：综合训练】
【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】Shenzhu XVII crew members cmpleted their first spacewalk n 22nd December, 2023, cmpleting a hst f tasks utside the Tiangng space statin. It was the 14th spacewalk 11 (cnduct) by Chinese astrnauts. There are a lt f science and technlgy assignments fr them 12 (perfrm) during the remaining days f their stay in rbit. Since their arrival, the astrnauts 13 (examine) and maintained equipment and made preparatins fr their spacewalk.
【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】When I lived in Bstn, I taught English as a secnd language t adult students frm arund the wrld. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enugh English 11 (rganize) such an event altgether. At the end f the party, they prudly handed me a gift bx. After the bx 12 (pen), I gently lifted a beautiful cat frm it. “We went shpping fr a new cat!” they all shuted 13 wnderfully perfect English.
【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】Saturday nt nly marked the last day f China’s 2024 Spring Festival hliday, but als clsed ut the eight-day dmestic film perid, 14 ended strngly as the highest-grssing Chinese New Year hliday in the histry f dmestic cinema. Accrding t a reprt, ver 163 millin peple 15 (g) t cinemas, a 26% increase frm the 2023 Spring Festival hliday. And bx-ffice sales reached mre than 8 billin yuan, up 18% 16 (cmpare) t last year’s hliday perid.
【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Zha Chuang is a science artist wrking in Beijing, 11 jb bridges science and art by painting and sculpturing ancient extinct species. Zha reprduces each element described in papers n the histry f life in an artistic way, and the 12 (blank) in scientific research are filled by his lgic and imaginatin. His painting f a prehistric flying animal became the cver f imprtant scientific jurnal Nature in 2006, a highlight in his career 13 a science artist.
【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】A parent’s nightmare turned t relief in Flrida as plicemen swiftly rescued a missing five-year-ld girl with autism. The lcal plice launched a desperate search, 11 (use) air and grund effrts. Thermal imaging (热成像) 12 (lead) t the discvery f her in a swampy area. A bdy-wrn camera captured the heric mment f her rescue. 13 plicemen’s quick respnse, she was fund unharmed. The public praised the team’s efficiency in turning 14 culd have been a tragedy int a heartwarming reunin.
【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】In 2022, t preserve China’s wetlands, a law 11 (intrduce) t restrict cnstructin and prhibit harmful 12 (activity) such as vergrazing, verharvesting, and wastewater discharge in imprtant natinal wetlands. Since the implementatin (实施) f these measures, there 13 (be) an increase in the number f birds bserved wintering in the natin’s wetlands. In February, the frestry bureau in Hunan prvince reprted 72 species f waterbirds that spent the previus winter at Dngting Lake. Black-faced spnbills, 14 rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dngting after a five-year absence.
【类型四：全国语法填空单句训练】
1.【2024届江西省南昌市东湖区南昌市第十九中学高三下学期第五次模拟】
The ldest (evident) f ndles was frm 4,000 years ag in China.
2.【2024届江苏省南通市高三下学期四模】
根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The creatin f puppets (木偶) is such a cmplex prcess that it demands extreme precisin 18 is a test f the cmmitment as well as skills f craftsmen (匠人). These puppets are in 19 (they) wrks f art. Distinguishable character qualities apprpriate fr shadw perfrmances are presented thrugh the 20 (adpt) f realistic and abstract appraches.
3.【2024届湖南省长沙市长郡中学、浙江省杭州二中、江苏省南京师大附中三校联考高三下学期模拟】
根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
As Kh puts 21 , these tw cuisines ffer different flavrs. Sichuan Cuisine is characterized by the use f Sichuan peppercrns (花椒粒), which prvide 22 unique numbing feeling.
Hunan Cuisine, n the ther hand, is famus fr its bld and burning flavrs, which features the 23 (cmbine) f fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic t create a pwerful and intense spicy taste. 24 Sichuan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine des nt typically include the numbing sensatin f Sichuan peppercrns.
“It is amazing 25 distinct Hunan cking is cmpared t its cnfusing Sichuan cusin. It is truly wrthwhile t seek ut restaurants r ckbks that 26 (faith) capture Hunan flavrs in their menus r recipes,” Kh ntes.
4.【2024届广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模】
Accrding t 25-year-ld frm Shanghai, establishing this grup was just a spur-f-the-mment decisin, she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards.
5.【2024届广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模】
Accrding t the 25-year-ld frm Shanghai, establishing this grup was just a spur-f-the-mment decisin, and she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterward. Hwever, park enthusiasts frm all ver China and even verseas have spntaneusly made their gathering cmmunity.
6.【2024届广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模】
Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdng prvince, is an enthusiastic (supprt) f this idea. “On that patch f grass, I culd cnnect with living plants and animals, allwing me t refresh my mind and heal the stresses f the wrkplace,” Huang said.
7.【2024届江苏省苏州市八校联考高三下学期三模】
During the Tang dynasty, (advance) were made in the prcessing f tea.
8.【2024届江苏省苏州市八校联考高三下学期三模】
The seasnal tea is knwn its tender leaves and fresh flavr. They have better flavr than the later batches which can be grwn vernight.
9.【2024届福建省福州市八县（市）一中高三5月模拟联考】
Baduanjin, a frm f (fit), has been ppular with Chinese yunger peple thanks t its health benefits.
10.【2024届福建省福州市八县（市）一中高三5月模拟联考】
根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
“Practicing martial arts is lw-cst and peple are free 36 the burden f scializing. These factrs attract yung peple in the metrplis t participate.” said Feng. Traditinal Chinese culture requires the inheritance f yung 37 (generatin). Yung peple are seeking their inner “rder” in an evlving wrld.
11.【2024届福建省福州市八县（市）一中高三5月模拟联考】
根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
“Practicing martial arts is lw-cst and peple are free 38 the burden f scializing. These factrs attract yung peple in the metrplis t participate.” said Feng. Traditinal Chinese culture requires the inheritance f yung 39 (generatin). Yung peple are seeking their inner “rder” in an evlving wrld.
12.【河南省部分重点高中2023-2024学年高三下学期5月联考】
Mst f these lantern riddles were (simple) created as a frm f entertainment. Smetimes, hwever, imperial advisrs used them t make a (suggest) t the emperr.
13.【2024届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期五月模拟】
The details f firewrks’ inventin are lst t histry, but flk tale tries t fill in the gap.
14.【2024届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期五月模拟】
Crwd (favrite) include “cmet”, featuring a lng trail f sparks; “peny”, a flwer-like burst; and “strbe”, which prduces a blinking effect.
15.【2024届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第三次联考】
The existing abacuses have different shapes and are made f different (material).
【类型五：语法填空语篇训练】
一
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Victr Ga was grwing up in rural China in ___1___1970s, cars and trucks were s rare that he wuld chase them with the ther children thrugh the dirt rads, ___2___(thrill) by the strange sight. Tday, China is the wrld’s largest autmbile prducer, ___3___mre than duble the capacity(产能) f the United States.
"I never ___4___(expect) that an rdinary Chinese family wuld wn a car and China wuld be a majr autmbile making cuntry," Ga said, "It wuld be ___5___(cmplete) beynd my wildest dreams that China wuld prduce mre autmbiles than the US."
December 18, 2018 marks fur ___6___(decade) since China started the prcess, ___7___wuld transfrm it frm a pr cuntry int an ecnmic superpwer. This era f great change ___8___(knw) bradly as "Refrm and Opening". At the beginning f the refrm era, China’s GDP was just under $150 billin. Tday, it has sharply increased t ver $12 trillin(万亿), fllwing nly the United States. China hlds abut 10% f glbal wealth. In the last 20 years alne, wealth per adult has quadrupled(成四倍), ___9___(leave) fewer than 1% f the ppulatin in extreme pverty(贫困). China nw has 600 billinaires, a ___10___(high) number than anywhere else in the wrld.
二
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．
The makeup f British families has changed___1___（rapid） ver the last tw hundred years． The traditinal family structure （结构）befre the Industrial Revlutin was the extended family in___2___three generatins lived under ne rf． The early twentieth century saw the___3___（ grw） f the nuclear family﹣parents and a small number f___4___（child） wuld frm a single family． In the last thirty years， hwever， the UK___5___（ see） a breakdwn f the typical nuclear family．
Increased divrce rates， later marriage and a mve away frm marriage altgether have resulted___6___new frms f family； divrced parents will develp new relatinships and take their kids with them． A survey___7___（ cnduct） by researchers shws that ver 50% f kids are nw brn t parents wh are nt married．
Sme minrity cmmunities stick t the extended family structure， and it is cmmn___8___（find） that three generatins are living tgether in an Indian family． They say that apart frm strengthening traditinal family ties，___9___can prvide security fr lder peple when they cannt wrk anymre． They believe that the phenmenn f ther ld peple living in care hmes___10___（indicate） that many ld peple in the wider cmmunity are abandned in their ld age．
考点
五年考情（2020-2024）
命题趋势
名词的用法
（5年4考）
语法填空重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在语法填空中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。
冠词的用法
（5年4考）
冠词经常考查不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。
形容词和副词用法
（5年5考）
语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。
1.填名词的单复数
若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。
1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。
2.有数词或these, thse, several, many, all, bth等词修饰时名词用复数形式。
3.名词前有ne f 时用名词复数形式。
4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。
5.不可数名词没有复数形式。
2.填名词的所有格
提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题6)
1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's。
2.以s或es结尾的名词复数，形式为s'或es'。
3.复合名词中，一般在最后一个词的词尾加's，如her brther­in­law's character。
3.派生为名词
作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时，一般设空处填名词。
考向
解题规则
1.填形容词或副词的比较级
提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。
使用比较级的常见情况：
(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(如题2,4,5)
(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断用比较级。
(3)当空格前有表示程度的词，如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/gd deal, a lt等或有still, even等词修饰时，需填比较级。
(4)表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构。
(5)“否定词＋比较级”可以表达最高级含义。
2.填形容词或副词的最高级
提示词为形容词或副词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，并且句中有比较范围，句意有最高级含义时，要填其最高级形式。
使用最高级的常见情况：
(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”时，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, f, amng等。(如题6,7,8)
(2)当空格前有the secnd/third ..., ne f ...等词时，需填最高级。(如题1,3)
(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far, almst, nearly等。如：
I am by far the mst active member in ur grup.
我是我们组最活跃的成员。
思考趋向
若提示词是形容词或副词，考虑形容词和副词之间的转化。
解题规则
分析句子成分，看空格处所要填的词是作定语还是状语，如果作定语修饰名词，就用形容词；如果作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，则用副词。