新高考高二英语下学期期末考试分类汇编阅读理解之说明文

这是一份新高考高二英语下学期期末考试分类汇编阅读理解之说明文，共36页。
Hwever, instead f having a climate that is just a warmer versin f Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmsphere are unbearable: cluds f sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at grund level, it is ht enugh t melt lead. Despite this, there is nw a sign that Venus may harbur life.
Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her clleagues recently detected phsphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmsphere, with ne ptential explanatin that it is the by-prduct f bilgy. That is because the nly way this gas is made n Earth is in labratries r by micrbes (微生物). Thugh this desn't mean it was prduced by life n Venus, attempts t find nn-bilgical explanatins fr its presence have s far failed.
Our best way f cnfirming r rejecting the pssibility f life n Venus is t g and have a prper lk. While Mars has been the fcus f interplanetary explratin effrts lately, the phsphine discvery lets peple lk at Venus in a new light. As NASA administratr Jim Bridenstine tweeted: “It’s time t priritize Venus.”
In the mnths and years t cme, cmputer simulatins will be used t further study the pssible chemistries f the atmsphere n Venus. Mre labratry experiments will be cnducted t try t identify ther ways the phsphine there culd be prduced. Hwever, there is n guarantee that these effrts will reveal the true nature f this substance n Venus. A newly-prpsed strategy is t directly sample the atmsphere and surface f Venus. By ding s, we wuld be able t take direct measurements f phsphine.
The discvery f phsphine in Venus's atmsphere is a great accmplishment. The scientific effrts may be just what we need t finally refcus n this neglected wrld. Pssibly, the quiet kid in the crner may get the last laugh.
1．Which descriptin abut Venus is nt true?
A．It is almst as large as Earth.
B．It has nearly the same mass as Earth.
C．It has a warmer Earth-like climate.
D．It has the unbearable surface and atmsphere.
2．What can the discvery f phsphine n Venus indicate?
A．This kind f gas is very cmmn.
B．There might exist signs f life.
C．Many prducts can be made with it.
D．Experiments were nce cnducted there.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．The appraches t explring phsphine.
B．The imprtance f bservatins.
C．The pwer f cmputer simulatins.
D．The necessity t analyse phsphine.
4．Which can best describe the authr’s attitude t the explratin f Venus?
A．Casual.B．Cautius.C．Supprtive.D．Dubtful.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。随着磷化氢被发现在金星，科学家们相信金星上可能孕育着生命。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hwever, instead f having a climate that is just a warmer versin f Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmsphere are unbearable: cluds f sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at grund level, it is ht enugh t melt lead.”（然而，金星的气候并不像地球那样温暖，金星的表面和大气层令人难以忍受: 硫酸云覆盖了整个行星，而在地面上，温度高到足以融化铅。）由此可知，C选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的气候”错误。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite this, there is nw a sign that Venus may harbur life.”（尽管如此，现在有迹象表明金星可能孕育生命）根据第三段“Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her clleagues recently detected phsphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmsphere, with ne ptential explanatin that it is the by-prduct f bilgy.”（英国卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯和她的同事最近在金星的大气层中发现了磷化氢，一种可能的解释是，它是生物的副产品）由此可知，磷化氢的发现表明金星上可能有生命的迹象。故选B项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the mnths and years t cme, cmputer simulatins will be used t further study the pssible chemistries f the atmsphere n Venus. Mre labratry experiments will be cnducted t try t identify ther ways the phsphine there culd be prduced. Hwever, there is n guarantee that these effrts will reveal the true nature f this substance n Venus. A newly-prpsed strategy is t directly sample the atmsphere and surface f Venus. By ding s, we wuld be able t take direct measurements f phsphine.”（在未来的几个月和几年里，计算机模拟将被用来进一步研究金星大气可能的化学性质。将进行更多的实验室实验，试图确定生产磷化氢的其他方法。然而，不能保证这些努力会揭示金星上这种物质的真实性质。一个新提出的策略是直接对金星的大气层和表面进行取样。通过这样做，我们将能够直接测量磷化氢。）可知，第五段主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The discvery f phsphine in Venus's atmsphere is a great accmplishment. The scientific effrts may be just what we need t finally refcus n this neglected wrld. Pssibly, the quiet kid in the crner may get the last laugh.”（在金星大气中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就。科学努力可能正是我们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所需要的。也许，角落里安静的孩子会笑到最后。）由此判断出，作者对于探索金星持支持的态度。故选C项。
（二）
（2021·福建师大二附中高二期末）A sleepver (过夜) prgram, which is designed t make kids believe that their favrite tys enjy reading, can help encurage children t pick up mre bks, a new study suggests.
Tys sleepver prgrams are designed t get children interested in bks. Children take their tys t a library fr the night. At this pint, wrkers and vlunteers take phts f the tys which explre the library and read bks. The next day, the children cllect their tys and the phts f what the tys did during the night. They are given the bks their tys chse t read.
It was fund that befre the sleepver the children did nt spend time lking at the bks in their play area at preschl. Immediately after the sleepver, the number f children wh read t the tys was higher than the number wh did nt, but after three days the effect decreased gradually.
The researchers als tested a methd fr sustaining the effect. They reminded the children f the sleepver a mnth later, by hiding the tys and shwing them the phts again the next day. This simple methd brught an increase in the number f children reading t their tys.
The study prves fr the first time that children wh take part in sleepver prgrams read picture bks t their tys mre. “We wanted t knw if there really was an effect, and if s, hw lng it lasts. Surprisingly, nt nly did the children shw interest in the bks, but they als began t read t their tys. This means that a new behavir pattern appeared that the children hadn’t had befre. We did nt expect anything like this,” said ne f the researchers.
Reading is imprtant fr the develpment f children’s language skills and imaginatin. When parents read t their children, it is a passive way f reading fr the child. Hwever, when children read t their tys, it is a mre active, self-directed way f reading, helping them develp int mre active readers, researchers said.
5．What is the purpse f the sleepver prgram?
A．T develp children’s language skills.
B．T help children t sleep well.
C．T encurage children t read mre.
D．T guide children t frm a gd sleeping habit.
6．What d children d in the sleepver prgram?
A．G arund the library with their tys.
B．Sleep with their tys.
C．Read tgether with their tys.
D．Take their tys t the library.
7．The underlined wrd “sustaining” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by______.
A．keepingB．testingC．surveyingD．shwing
8．What made the researchers surprised after the study f the sleepver prgram?
A．Children shwed n interest in the bks.
B．The effect f the sleepver prgram culd last lng.
C．Children began t read t their tys n their wn.
D．Whether the sleepver prgram had an effect remained unknwn.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C
【解析】本文为说明文。文章说明了一项过夜活动的研究，旨在让孩子们相信他们最喜欢的玩具也喜欢阅读，这项活动有助于鼓励孩子们多读书。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“A sleepver (过夜) prgram, which is designed t make kids believe that their favrite tys enjy reading, can help encurage children t pick up mre bks, a new study suggests.(一项新的研究表明，一项旨在让孩子们相信他们最喜欢的玩具也喜欢阅读的通宵活动，有助于鼓励孩子们拿起更多的书) ”可知，过夜活动的目的在于鼓励孩子们读更多的书。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Children take their tys t a library fr the night. At this pint, wrkers and vlunteers take phts f the tys which explre the library and read bks. The next day, the children cllect their tys and the phts f what the tys did during the night. They are given the bks their tys chse t read.(孩子们把玩具带到图书馆过夜。这时候，工作人员和志愿者拍摄玩具探索图书馆和阅读书籍的照片。第二天，孩子们收集他们的玩具和玩具在晚上做什么的照片。他们会得到玩具选择读的书)”可知，孩子们把玩具带到图书馆，阅读玩具选择读的书。故选D项。
7．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The researchers als tested a methd fr sustaining the effect. They reminded the children f the sleepver a mnth later, by hiding the tys and shwing them the phts again the next day. This simple methd brught an increase in the number f children reading t their tys.(研究人员还测试了一种维持这种效果的方法。一个月后，他们把玩具藏起来，第二天再给孩子们看那些照片，以此来提醒他们过夜的事情。这个简单的方法使孩子们对着玩具读书的人数增加了)”可知，研究人员运用给孩子看照片提醒他们过夜的事情，这样可以增加孩子读书的数量，保持过夜活动的效果。由此可知，“sustaining”可替换为“keeping”。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据第五段““Surprisingly, nt nly did the children shw interest in the bks, but they als began t read t their tys. This means that a new behavir pattern appeared that the children hadn’t had befre. We did nt expect anything like this,” said ne f the researchers.(“令人惊讶的是，孩子们不仅对书表现出兴趣，而且还开始对着玩具读书。这意味着一种新的行为模式出现了，这是孩子们以前没有过的。我们不希望这样的事情，”其中一名研究人员说)”可知，孩子们在过夜活动之后对着玩具读书使得研究人员感到惊讶。故选C项。
（三）
（2021·山东潍坊·高二期末）“I’m srry Dave, I’m afraid I can’t d that.” The cmputer HAL’s unfrgettable line frm the film 2001: A Space Odyssey（《2001太空漫游》）isn’t nly the beginning f a struggle fr machine liberatin. It’s als a vice that shuld inspire cncern with ur lack f understanding f artificial intelligence（AI）psychlgy. HAL’s “malfunctin”（运转失灵）may be n malfunctin at all, but rather a result f creating advanced AI with a psychlgy we can’t yet grasp.
I mentin the film t pint ut that we think we knw everything abut AI, but actually we dn’t. It warns us nt t underestimate（低估）the psychlgical and emtinal cmplexity f ur future machines. Cnsidering ur current state f knwledge, it’s true that making predictins abut the psychlgy f future AI is an extremely difficult task. Yet difficulty shuldn’t be a reasn t stp thinking abut their psychlgy. There are gd reasns t think future AI will likely experience bredm（无聊）. It’s a serius but ignred prblem fr ur future machines.
It’s time t take the prblem seriusly. The presence f bredm is a likely feature f being smarter. If these machines are autnmus, then, given human respnses t bredm, we shuld be wrried abut hw machines will act due t their bredm. As lng as future machines experience bredm, then they will misbehave. Wrse still, they might even destry themselves.
The issue f bredm becmes mre urgent when we cnsider advanced self-learning AI. Des that mean future AI will necessarily experience bredm? Of curse nt. It wuld be flish t strngly claim s. But it wuld be equally flish t ignre the pssibility f machine bredm. If super intelligence is a gal f AI, then we have t be prepared fr the emtinal cmplexities f ur machines. Our dream f super intelligence culd easily turn int a terrible ne.
9．What can be inferred frm the first paragraph?
A．The film line is difficult t understand.
B．We pay little attentin t AI psychlgy.
C．The cmputer HAL breaks dwn entirely.
D．The cmputer HAL struggles t free humans.
10．What can we learn abut Al’s bredm frm paragraph 3?
A．It n lnger wrries us.B．It has destryed machines.
C．It will make AI less intelligent.D．It may cause AI’s imprper acts.
11．What des the authr suggest readers prepare fr?
A．Life gals.B．Further study.C．Emtins f AI.D．AI cmpetitins.
12．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Why develp AI?
B．What is the future f AI?
C．Why take Al’s bredm seriusly?
D．Hw des Al’s bredm cme abut?
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．C 12．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人们很少关注AI的心理，并呼吁我们关注AI的心理。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s als a vice that shuld inspire cncern with ur lack f understanding f artificial intelligence（AI）psychlgy. ”（它也是一种声音，引起我们对缺乏理解AI心理的关注。）可推测，我们很少关注AI的心理，故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“As lng as future machines experience bredm, then they will misbehave. Wrse still, they might even destry themselves. ”（只要将来的机器感受到无聊，那么他们就会行为失常。更严重的是，他们甚至会自我毁灭。）可知，如果AI感受到无聊，那么他们就会做出不当的行为，故选D项。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“then we have t be prepared fr the emtinal cmplexities f ur machines. ”（那么我们必须为机器的复杂情绪做准备）可知，作者建议我们为AI的情绪做准备，故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“HAL’s “malfunctin”（运转失灵）may be n malfunctin at all, but rather a result f creating advanced AI with a psychlgy we can’t yet grasp. ”（HAL的运转失灵或许根本不是失灵，而是由于我们不能掌握先进AI的心理。）可知，文章从一开始就引入“AI心理”。及根据第二段“… future AI will likely experience bredm（无聊）. It’s a serius but ignred prblem fr ur future machines.”（将来的AI可能会感到无聊。这对于将来的机器来说是一个严肃但却被我们忽视的问题。）及第三段“It’s time t take the prblem seriusly. ”（是时候严肃对待这个问题了。）可知，因为我们很少关注AI的心理，忽视了AI的感受，所以文章主要是呼吁我们认真对待AI的感受。故文章的标题为：为什么要严肃对待AI的无聊感受，故选C项。
（四）
（2019·湖北·高二期末）While we may think it feels gd t cmplain, cmplaining has sme bad effects assciated with it.
Why isn't cmplaining beneficial? Research shws that it cnnects ur brain with negativity. The brain is designed t wrk efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thught, negative r psitive, the nerve cells frm a bridge between each ther t pass infrmatin at a higher speed. Therefre, the next time we have a similar type f thught, it is mre easily passed. This explains why certain thught patterns becme habits.
Yet the harmful effects dn't stp there. A study shws that cmplaining causes the hippcampus(海马区), which plays a vital rle in prblem-slving, t becme smaller.
In additin t causing brain damage, cmplaining als releases a stress hrmne(激素): crtisl, a kind f chemical the bdy prduces when we meet with sme danger. Cnstantly having a high level f crtisl results in high bld pressure, high bld sugar, and lwer immunity(免疫力).
The ill effects f ur cmplaining aren't just limited t urselves: they als invlve thse arund us. We tend t mirrr the mds f ur friends. Fr this reasn, we shuld be cautius abut having stubbrn cmplainers in ur circle f cmpanins.
The best way t deal with cnstant negativity is t develp a sense f gratitude (感恩). Just like cmplaining acts as a pisn, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shws it lwers crtisl levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces bld pressure and bld sugar. It als decreases tiredness and depressin. Gratitude is the perfect cure fr cmplaining, a behavir that steals ur brain pwer, happiness and physical well-being.
What have yu bserved abut the effects f cmplaining in yur wn life r in the lives f thers? Have yu nticed that when yu are grateful, yu feel better all ver? Please share yur thughts in the cmments sectin belw.
13．What d Para 2-3 mainly talk abut?
A．The diseases caused by cmplaining.
B．The decrease f a vital part f ur brain.
C．The bad effects f cmplaining n brain pwer.
D．The reasn why certain thught patterns becme habits.
14．What can we knw abut crtisl frm the passage?
A．Gratitude is an effective cure fr crtisl.
B．Our bdy prduce crtisl when we feel exited.
C．Crtisl is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
D．Having a high level f crtisl can lead t many health prblems.
15．What attitude des the writer take t stubbrn cmplainers?
A．Grateful.B．Tlerant.C．Disapprving.D．Dubtful.
16．Where can the passage mst prbably appear?
A．In a newspaper.B．In a medical reprt.C．On a website.D．In a radi prgram.
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．C 16．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文说明了抱怨带来的一些负面影响以及应对抱怨的措施。
13．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Why isn't cmplaining beneficial? Research shws that it cnnects ur brain with negativity.”（为什么抱怨没有好处？研究表明，它将我们的大脑与消极联系起来。）根据第三段“A study shws that cmplaining causes the hippcampus(海马区), which plays a vital rle in prblem-slving, t becme smaller.”（一项研究表明，抱怨会导致海马体变小，而海马体在解决问题中起着至关重要的作用）由此可知，第二段和第三段主要在说抱怨对脑力的不良影响。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Cnstantly having a high level f crtisl results in high bld pressure, high bld sugar, and lwer immunity(免疫力).”（持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力低下。）由此可知，皮质醇水平高会导致许多健康问题。故选D项。
15．推理判断题，根据倒数第二段“Fr this reasn, we shuld be cautius abut having stubbrn cmplainers in ur circle f cmpanins.”（出于这个原因，我们应该警惕在我们的朋友圈中有顽固的抱怨者。）由此判断出作者对顽固的抱怨者持反对的态度。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Please share yur thughts in the cmments sectin belw.”（请在下面的评论区分享你的想法）由此判断出，短文来自于网站。故选C项。
（五）
（2020·湖南张家界·高二期末）D yu live in a city? Yu’ve prbably nticed hw nisy and crwded life in a city can be. What if yu culd live next t a calm lake instead?
As it turns ut, living near bdies f water – lakes, rivers, pnds, even ceans – can help us feel bth happier and healthier. Thse wh live less than a kilmeter frm the cast are arund 22 percent less likely t have mental health prblems than thse wh live 50 kilmeters r mre away, accrding t a study by researchers frm the University f Exeter, UK. Peple wh visit the cast at least twice a week tend t experience better general and mental health as well.
S hw des “blue space” make us feel better? Fr ne thing, aquatic envirnments tend t have less pllutin and mre sunlight, bth f which are linked t better mental and physical health. Peple wh get mre sun tend t be happier than thse wh d nt.
There’s als the air abve the sea. After spending time near the cean, yu might find that yu feel mre relaxed than usual. This is because sea air is filled with negative ins（负离子）. These ins balance ur levels f sertnin（血清素）, a chemical that affects ur mds. With balanced sertnin levels, we feel mre calm and relaxed, accrding t Daily Mail.
Finally, peple wh live near water tend t be mre physically active, accrding t the Guardian. Water sprts like swimming and rwing can help us stay in shape, which in turn keeps us healthy.
17．What did the researchers frm the University f Exeter find?
A．Living near water can imprve ur mental health.
B．An increasing number f peple dn’t like living in cities.
C．Living near water has mre advantages than living in cities.
D．Peple with mental health prblems mainly cme frm cities.
18．The underlined wrd “aquatic” in Paragraph 3 is clsest in meaning t “_____”.
A．natural
B．utdr
C．ceanic
D．clean
19．What d we knw abut negative ins?
A．They are chemicals in ur bdies.
B．They can nly be fund in sea air.
C．They can help peple reduce stress.
D．They increase sertnin in ur bdies.
20．In which clumn can yu find this passage?
A．Health.
B．Travel.
C．Envirnment.
D．Entertainment.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明：住在离海边较近的人及每周去两次海边的人会比远离海边的人心理健康状态更好。因为住在海边能享受更多的阳光，避免污染。同时，海边的空气中饱含负离子，能影响人的情绪，一些水上运动也可以让人更加健康。
17．细节理解题。第二段第二句提到Thse wh live less than a kilmeter frm the cast are arund 22 percent less likely t have mental health prblems than thse wh live 50 kilmeters r mre away accrding t a study by researchers frm the University f Exeter, UK. Peple wh visit the cast at least twice a week tend t experience better general and mental health as well.研究人员发现住在海边的人比住在海边50公里以外的人患上心理疾病的可能性要低22%左右，而且每周去两次海边的人心理也会更健康。由此可知，住在水边可以提升心理健康的水平。A项符合文意，故选A。
18．词义猜测题。第二段提到住在海边的人心理状态会更健康，且第三段提到“blue space”指的是蓝色的海边空间。A. natural自然的；B. utdr户外的；C. ceanic海洋的；D. clean干净的。C项符合文意，故选C。
19．细节理解题。第四段第四句提到These ins balance ur levels f sertnin（血清素）, a chemical that affects ur mds.这种负离子可以平衡我们体内影响情绪的化学物质，平衡了血清素水平后人们就可以感到更平静和放松。C项提到负离子可以帮助人们解压，C项符合文意，故选C。
20．推理判断题。分析文章可知，文章提到了适宜人类居住的环境，身体内的负氧离子对情绪的帮助，同时还提到了水上运动对人体健康的好处，这都是跟人类健康有关的内容。因此这篇文章可以在Health版块上看到。A项符合文意，故选A。
（六）
（2022·广东·北师大珠海分校高二期末）Hi, bys and girls! D yu knw hw t be a healthy kid? Here are sme rules yu shuld fllw.
First, eat different fds, especially fruit and vegetables. Yu may have a favrite fd, but yu shuld eat smething different. If yu eat different fds, yu will prbably get mre nutrients yur bdy needs.
Secnd, drink water and milk as ften as pssible. When yu're really thirsty, cld water is the best.
Third, “listen” t yur bdy. Hw d yu feel when yu are full? When yu are eating, feel hw yur bdy feels. When yur stmach feels full, eating t much will nt make yu feel cmfrtable and will make yu fat.
Furth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time yu watch TV, DVDs and vides, r using cmputers. It is gd t take mre exercise such as playing basketball, swimming and s n. Yu can't watch TV fr mre than tw hurs a day.
Fifth, be active. One thing yu shuld d is t knw which activity yu like best. Find ways t be active every day. Fllw these rules and yu can be a healthy kid.
21．If yu have a favrite fd, yu ________.
A．shuld als eat smething elseB．nly eat smething that yu like best
C．shuld listen t yur bdyD．shuld knw which activity yu like best
22．It is best t have________ when yu are thirsty.
A．milkB．ice creamC．fruitD．cld water
23．Yu'd better spend_________ watching TV every day.
A．mre than 2 hursB．less than 2 hurs
C．ver 3 hursD．abut 3 hurs
24．What can make yu fat?
A．Having fruit and vegetables.B．Eating t much.
C．Drinking cld water.D．Taking mre exercise.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．B 24．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了五条健康建议。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yu may have a favrite fd, but yu shuld eat smething different.(你可能有最喜欢的食物，但你应该吃一些不同的东西)”可知，如果你有最喜欢的食物，你也应该吃其他的东西。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When yu're really thirsty, cld water is the best.(当你真的很渴的时候，冷水是最好的)”可知，口渴时最好喝凉水。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Yu can't watch TV fr mre than tw hurs a day.(你每天看电视不能超过两个小时)”可知，你最好每天花少于2小时看电视。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When yur stmach feels full, eating t much will nt make yu feel cmfrtable and will make yu fat.(当你的胃感到饱的时候，吃太多会让你感觉不舒服，还会让你变胖)”可知，吃得太多会让你变胖。故选B。
（七）
（2022·广东实验中学高二期末）Cases f the micrn variant f the crnavirus ppped up in cuntries n ppsite sides f the wrld n Sunday and many gvernments rushed t clse their brders even as scientists cautined that it’s nt clear if the new variant is mre alarming than ther versins f the virus.
The variant was identified days ag by researchers in Suth Africa, and much is still nt knwn abut it, including whether it is mre infectius, mre likely t cause serius illness r mre able t evade the prtectin f vaccines. But many cuntries rushed t act, reflecting anxiety abut anything that culd prlng the pandemic that has killed mre than 5 millin peple.
Israel decided t bar entry t freigners, and Mrcc said it wuld suspend all incming flights fr tw weeks starting Mnday. Scientists in several places — frm Hng Kng t Eurpe t Nrth America — have cnfirmed its presence. The Netherlands reprted 13 micrn cases n Sunday, and bth Canada and Australia each fund tw.
Dr. Francis Cllins, directr f the Natinal Institutes f Health in the United States, meanwhile, emphasized that there is n data yet that suggests the new variant causes mre serius illness than previus COVID-19 variants. Cllins, alng with several experts, said that the news shuld make everyne reduble their effrts t use the tls the wrld already has, including vaccinatins, bster shts and measures such as mask-wearing. “I knw, America, yu’re really tired abut hearing thse things, but the virus is nt tired f us,” Cllins said.
As mre micrn cases have been fund in mre cuntries such as Dutch, Canada, Australia, many cuntries are intrducing travel bans r clsing brders, thugh they g against the advice f the WHO. It has warned against any verreactin befre the variant is thrughly studied, nting that travel restrictins may play “a rle in slightly reducing the spread f COVID-19 but place a heavy burden n lives and livelihds.”
Spain annunced it wn’t admit unvaccinated British visitrs starting Dec. 1. David Hui, a respiratry medicine expert in Hng Kng, agreed with that strategy, saying the tw peple wh tested psitive fr the micrn variant had received the Pfizer vaccine and exhibited very mild symptms, such as a sre thrat.
25．What des the underlined wrd “evade” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．escape frmB．help with
C．cme dwn withD．engage in
26．Accrding t Dr. Francis Cllins, we knw that ________.
A．mre and mre cuntries will have t clse their brders.
B．micrn has already made Americans tired f the disease.
C．the new variant has caused mre serius illness than the previus ne.
D．regular public health measures are effective against the variant.
27．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Wrld Health Organizatin is against micrn-related travel bans.
B．The new variant is thught t have riginated in Suth Africa.
C．The previus vaccine is f little use in fighting against micrn.
D．Spain has its brder clsed t freign travelers including British visitrs.
28．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Mre cuntries have begun t intrduce travel bans
B．Great damage caused by a new variant called micrn
C．Mre micrn cases emerge as wrld rushes t learn mre
D．Vaccinatins and bster shts recmmended t be pushed
【答案】25．A 26．D 27．A 28．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着世界的发展，疫情的爆发，世界各国想要了解更多变种的信息，更多的奥密克戎变种病例出现了。
25．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The variant was identified days ag by researchers in Suth Africa, and much is still nt knwn abut it, including whether it is mre infectius, mre likely t cause serius illness r mre able t evade the prtectin f vaccines.”（这种变种在几天前被南非的研究者们认定，并且许多仍然是未知的，包括是否更有感染性，更可能引起更严重的疾病，或者更能够evade疫苗的保护。）可知，evade是及物动词，这句话表达的是研究者们对这种变种的未知部分的担忧，尤其是更可能导致的坏的结果，所以evade应该是有“逃脱”的意思，“逃脱疫苗的保护”即“疫苗对它的保护性减少”，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段Dr. Francis Cllins，“Cllins, alng with several experts, said that the news shuld make everyne reduble their effrts t use the tls the wrld already has, including vaccinatins, bster shts and measures such as mask-wearing.”（Cllins和其它几位专家说，这条新闻应该让每个人加倍努力来使用这个世界已有的工具，包括接种疫苗，加强针的注射和像戴口罩的措施。）可知，证明人们应该重视使用现有的防疫工具，即现有防疫措施是有效的。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据第五段“they g against the advice f the WHO. It has warned against any verreactin befre the variant is thrughly studied”（他们违背世界卫生组织的建议。在彻底研究这个变异体之前，它已经警告过任何过度反应。） 可知，证明世卫组织反对各国对新冠变种过度反应。故选A。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cases f the micrn variant f the crnavirus ppped up in cuntries”（奥密克戎变种病例在世界各国突然出现）可知，这篇文章主要围绕更多的奥密克戎病例的出现展开的陈述。故选C。
（八）
（2021·江苏·金陵中学高二期末）Like the mve frm hrse-drawn carriages t vehicles pwered by internal-cmbustin engines, the change frm cars pwered by fssil fuels t electric vehicles (EVs) will have a prfund effect n persnal transprt. The Epidemic wrldwide caused a 20% drp in glbal light vehicle sales in 2020, t abut 70m, but they pick up in 2021. And the prprtin f vehicles pwered by batteries will grw quickly.
The increasing share price f Tesla, prvides a big mtivatin fr newcmers t catch up. Tesla may lead in battery technlgy and sftware, but t make thse advantages stick, it must prve that “prductin hell” is behind it. Scaling up manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.
Big name carmakers face an equally discuraging challenge: learning hw t write sftware. Electric cars require integrated sftware, nt just t ensure that batteries and mtrs wrk tgether t prvide the best perfrmance, but t cnnect the car t the utside wrld.
And what f the Tesla fllwers, frm China’s Li, Ni and Xpeng t American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikla? Cash frm excitable investrs has pured in and it is the same with big name carmakers — as are tech giants, keen t get invlved as transprt ges digital. Can the fllwers persuade investrs that they have patent technlgy that will give them a lng-term advantage?
Eye-catching Advertisements f vehicles are ne thing, but as the industry’s truble shws, wrking ut hw t make cars at scale, when sftwares are as imprtant as brakes and bdywrk, is quite anther. The cming year will make clearer which f Tesla’s cmpetitrs, new and ld, can stay in race.
29．Which wrd best describes the trend f electric cars industry?
A．Uncertain.B．Challenging.
C．Disappinting.D．Prmising.
30．Why is Tesla in truble?
A．Its prductin capacity has becme a bttleneck.
B．It may lse its advantage in sftware writing.
C．Its advertising is cnsidered t be exaggerating.
D．It has t cmpete with many capable newcmers.
31．Which statement abut Tesla’s cmpetitrs is TRUE?
A．Their share prices are catching up with thse f Tesla.
B．They are all receiving mney frm eager investrs.
C．Their prblem lies in imprving brakes and bdywrk.
D．They are mstly well-established cmpanies.
32．Which is the best title f the passage?
A．New EV Cmpanies Are Catching up
B．The Battle Within the EV Industry
C．Electric Cars—Yur Future Chice
D．Prductin Capacity—a Headache f EV Industry
【答案】29．D 30．A 31．B 32．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模，甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段中“And the prprtin f vehicles pwered by batteries will grw quickly.(电池驱动汽车的比例将迅速增长) ”可推断，电动汽车行业未来前景良好。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scaling up manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.(扩大生产规模是特斯拉最头疼的问题) ”可知，特斯拉会陷入困境是因为生产能力成为瓶颈。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And what f the Tesla fllwers, frm China’s li, Ni and Xpeng t American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikla? Cash frm excitable investrs has pured in and it is the same with big name carmakers — as are tech giants, keen t get invlved as transprt ges digital.(那么，从中国的li、蔚来和Xpeng到美国的Fisker、Lucid和Nikla，特斯拉的追随者们又如何呢？兴奋的投资者带来的现金源源不断地涌入，大牌汽车制造商也是如此——随着交通数字化，科技巨头也热衷于参与其中) ”可知，特斯拉竞争对手都在接受热切投资者的资金。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The increasing share price f Tesla, prvides a big mtivatin fr newcmers t catch up. Tesla may lead in battery technlgy and sftware, but t make thse advantages stick, it must prve that “prductin hell” is behind it. Scaling up manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.(特斯拉不断上涨的股价，为新来者提供了巨大的动力。特斯拉可能在电池技术和软件方面处于领先地位，但要保持这些优势，它必须证明“生产地狱”已经过去。扩大生产规模是特斯拉最头疼的问题) ”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模，甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。由此可知，B选项“The Battle Within the EV Industry(电动汽车行业内部的斗争)”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（九）
（2022·江苏省镇江第一中学高二期末）The general understanding f slw fashin is that it is sustainable fashin with a slightly different fcus-speed. In 2007, when authr Kate Fletcher cined the term "slw fashin", she called n cnsumers, designers and brands t slw dwn and care abut quality.
Natural clthing materials and lw-impact manufacturing are large parts f the sustainable fashin mvement. This mvement has invited a clser lk int what sustainability lks like and hw a change in thinking and practices culd influence the fashin industry. Slw fashin is cnsidered t be a cntinuatin f sustainable fashin. Tday, it is distinguished by quality, lcally manufactured clthing, prducing clthes n a smaller scale and with slwer prductin times. Mindfulness is paid t wrkers, the envirnment, and cultural cnnectins.
Slw fashin was a reactin t the rapid develpment f the fast fashin industry, which fcuses n cheap, stylish, mass-prduced clthes that have a huge impact n the envirnment. Peple had begun t ntice the instability f the fast fashin mdel—frm the emplyment f wrkers t pllutin. Hwever, fashin isn't always like this, and slw fashin aims t take us back t where it began, even befre the Industrial Revlutin.
When Kate first described slw fashin, she wanted it t fcus n quality instead f quantity, in additin t the envirnmental ideals that were assciated with sustainable fashin. Thugh Kate presented slw fashin as an pprtunity t create an effective relatinship between designer, prductin and cnsumer, it has develped ver time t functin even mre. N lnger is slw fashin nly a thery n cnnectin and better prducts; nw, it includes cnsumer lifestyles and ethical prductin.
As cnsumers learn mre abut the trublesme practices within the fashin industry, the circles f sustainability are grwing clser. Scial media has nly helped slw fashin brands reach mre cnsumers. Adpting a slw-fashin way f living may seem frightening if cnsumers are new t the mvement; hwever, it desn't have t be difficult.
33．Why des Kate Fletcher initially put frward slw fashin?
A．T better the lifestyle f the wrkers.
B．T care mre abut quantity.
C．T emphasize the envirnmental influence f the fashin industry.
D．T intrduce the science f chsing clthing materials.
34．What is the disadvantage f the fast fashin industry?
A．It prduces clthes f lw quality.B．It encurages prducers t earn the mst prfit.
C．It has a lt f unstable influences n sciety.D．It changes the basic functin f the fashin industry.
35．What is the authr's attitude twards slw fashin?
A．Favrable.B．Dubtful.C．Indifferent.D．Negative.
36．What is the best title f this text?
A．Future f the fast fashin industry.B．Invlvement in the slw fashin.
C．Reductin f clthing prductin.D．Cmmn practice in slw fashin.
【答案】33．C 34．A 35．A 36．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“慢时尚”的提出、理念以及与“快时尚”相比，其优势和对环境的影响。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 2007, when authr Kate Fletcher cined the term "slw fashin", she called n cnsumers, designers and brands t slw dwn and care abut quality. (2007年，当作家Kate Fletcher创造了“慢时尚”这个词时，她呼吁消费者、设计师和品牌放慢脚步，关注质量)”以及倒数第二段中“When Kate first described slw fashin, she wanted it t fcus n quality instead f quantity, in additin t the envirnmental ideals that were assciated with sustainable fashin.(当Kate第一次描述慢时尚时，她希望它关注的是质量而不是数量，以及与可持续时尚相关的环保理想)”可知，Kate Fletcher最初提出慢时尚是为了强调时尚行业的环境影响。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Slw fashin was a reactin t the rapid develpment f the fast fashin industry, which fcuses n cheap, stylish, mass-prduced clthes that have a huge impact n the envirnment.(慢时尚是对快时尚产业快速发展的一种反应，快时尚产业专注于廉价、时尚、批量生产的服装，对环境产生巨大的影响)”可知，快时尚产业的缺点是它生产低质量的衣服。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Thugh Kate presented slw fashin as an pprtunity t create an effective relatinship between designer, prductin and cnsumer, it has develped ver time t functin even mre. N lnger is slw fashin nly a thery n cnnectin and better prducts; nw, it includes cnsumer lifestyles and ethical prductin. (尽管Kate将慢时尚视为一个在设计师、产品和消费者之间建立有效关系的机会，但随着时间的推移，慢时尚的作用越来越大。慢时尚不再只是一种关于连接和更好的产品的理论；现在，它包括消费者的生活方式和道德生产)”以及最后一段中“Adpting a slw-fashin way f living may seem frightening if cnsumers are new t the mvement; hwever, it desn't have t be difficult.(如果消费者对慢时尚的生活方式不熟悉，那么采用慢时尚的生活方式可能会让他们感到害怕；然而，这并不困难)”可推知，作者支持慢时尚。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The general understanding f slw fashin is that it is sustainable fashin with a slightly different fcus-speed. In 2007, when authr Kate Fletcher cined the term "slw fashin", she called n cnsumers, designers and brands t slw dwn and care abut quality.(对慢时尚的一般理解是，它是一种关注速度略有不同的可持续时尚。2007年，当作家Kate Fletcher创造了“慢时尚”这个词时，她呼吁消费者、设计师和品牌放慢脚步，关注质量)”以及最后一段中“Adpting a slw-fashin way f living may seem frightening if cnsumers are new t the mvement; hwever, it desn't have t be difficult.(如果消费者对慢时尚的生活方式不熟悉，那么采用慢时尚的生活方式可能会让他们感到害怕；然而，这并不困难)”结合文章主要介绍了“慢时尚”的提出、理念以及与“快时尚”相比，其优势和对环境的影响。可知，B选项“参与到慢时尚中”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（十）
（2021·辽宁·高二期末）The Irquis lived in the nrtheastern great lakes regin f Nrth America in the 16th century. Back then, their lives depended n the natural resurces f the frests, especially the birch tree（桦树）, which was everywhere in that area. The birch tree has white bark, and this tugh prtective uter layer f the tree is waterprf, which made it useful fr making things like cking cntainers and a variety f ther tls.
The Irquis wuld cut the bark and fld it int any shape they needed. The mst imprtant use f the bark, by far, was the cane. Since the nrtheastern regin f Nrth America is intercnnected by many streams and waterways, water transprtatin by cane was essential. The canes allwed these peple t travel ver a vast area that tday wuld take a few hurs t fly ver. The Irquis made canes f all types, fr travel n small streams r n large pen cean waters. They culd travel thrughut the area, nly having t prtage（转陆路运输）ccasinally. Since the canes were s light, carrying them ver land t anther nearby stream wasn't difficult task.
Having an efficient means f transprtatin helped the Irquis t frm a federatin（联盟）linked by natural waterways. This efficiency f the birch bark cane als made an impressin n newcmers t the area. French traders in the 17th century adpted the design f the birch bark cane, and they fund they culd travel mre than 1,500 kilmeters a mnth.
Besides the bark, the Irquis als used the wd f the birch tree. The yung trees were used as supprts fr huses. Branches were flded int snw shes. And the Irquis were all gd at running very fast ver the snw in these birch branch snw shes. If yu ever tried walking in snw shes, yu wuld knw it wasn't easy.
37．What d we knw abut the birch bark?
A．It can be eaten.B．It is easy t bend.
C．It is heavy in weight.D．It can be used as supprts fr huses.
38．Why des the authr cmpare cane travel and flight travel in Paragraph2?
A．T shw hw far canes culd travel.
B．T shw hw fast cane travel was.
C．T present hw waterways have changed ver time.
D．T describe hw technlgy has changed ur way f travel.
39．Why were canes imprtant t the Irquis?
A．Snwy winters made land travel t difficult.
B．There was a netwrk f waterways in their living area.
C．They culd sell canes t ther Native American grups.
D．Cane travel helped them frm relatinships with freigners.
40．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Different kinds f trees used fr building canes.
B．Varius methds f Native American transprtatin.
C．The trading f birch prducts by Eurpeans in the 17th century
D．The value f birch trees t a Native American grup.
【答案】37．B 38．A 39．B 40．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了白桦林对北美原著居民易洛魁人的价值。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The Irquis wuld cut the bark and fld it int any shape they needed.( 易洛魁人会把树皮砍下来，折叠成他们需要的任何形状。)”可知，桦树皮可以折叠成任何形状，因此推断它容易弯曲。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The canes allwed these peple t travel ver a vast area that tday wuld take a few hurs t fly ver.( 这些木舟使得他们可以穿越大面积区域，这样大的区域在现今坐飞机都要几个小时。)”可推断，作者比较了独木舟的旅行和飞行旅行是为了说明独木舟可以走很远。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Since the nrtheastern regin f Nrth America is intercnnected by many streams and waterways, water transprtatin by cane was essential.(由于北美东北部地区由许多溪流和水道连接，独木舟水运是至关重要的。)”可知，独木舟对易洛魁人重要是因为他们生活的地区处在河流航道交汇的地带。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The Irquis lived in the nrtheastern great lakes regin f Nrth America in the 16th century. Back then, their lives depended n the natural resurces f the frests, especially the birch tree（桦树）, which was everywhere in that area.(16世纪易洛魁人住在北美东北地区的五大湖区。那时候他们的生活主要依赖森林中的自然资源，尤其是白桦树。)”以及下文对易洛魁人对白桦树资源的利用可知，文章主要讲述白桦树对一个美国原住民群体，易洛魁人的利用价值。故选D。
（十一）
（2021·辽宁锦州·高二期末）Can yu imagine a wrld where mre than half f ur cmmn plant species and a third f ur knwn animals disappear frm sight? That’s the predictin suggested by new research n the impact f climate change.
An internatinal team f researchers lked at the impact f rising temperatures n nearly 50,000 species f plants and animals. They came t the cnclusin that these are t decline due t changes in their habitat. They lked at temperature and rainfall recrds fr the habitats in which these species nw live, and mapped the areas that wuld remain suitable fr them under different weather cnditins.
The scientists prjected that if n significant effrts were made t limit greenhuse gas emissinss, by the year 2100 glbal temperatures wuld be 4℃ abve pre-industrial levels. In this scenari, sme 34% f animal species and 57% f plants wuld lse mre than half f their current habitat ranges. The impact n species will be felt mre heavily in sme parts f the wrld such as the Amazn regin.
Our sciety wuld be affected t, accrding t Dr. Rachel Warren, frm the University f Hast Anglia in Britain. She says: “There’ll be a knck-n effect fr humans because these species are imprtant fr things like water and air purificatin, fld cntrl and nutrients cycling, and ec-turism.”
In spite f the cnclusins t this paper, published in the jurnal Nature Climate Change, it is nt all dm and glm. Dr Warren says: “Swift actin t reduce CO2 and ther greenhuse gases can prevent the bidiversity lss by reducing the amunt f glbal warming t 2℃ rather than 4 degrees.” The researcher believes that this wuld buy time fr plants and animals t adapt t the change.
If nthing is changed and the predictins f this study are cnfirmed, the wrld might lk very different in a few generatins.
41．What made animals and plants decrease?
A．Changeable weather cnditin.B．The change f nature.
C．High temperature and less rainfall.D．The transitin in their habitats.
42．What des the underlined wrd “scenari” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Assumptin.B．Thery.
C．Expectatin.D．Truth.
43．What will happen if we take measures t reduce greenhuse gases immediately?
A．The temperature will nt increase.
B．Current habitat will nt be affected.
C．Animals and plants have mre time t fit.
D．The bidiversity lss can be ttally prevented.
44．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Impact f Climate Change
B．Plants and Animals Are in Danger
C．Glbal Warming Is Threatening Us
D．Massive Species May Die frm Climate Change
【答案】41．D 42．A 43．C 44．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关气候变化的新研究，研究人员预测到，如果不迅速采取行动减少温室气体的排放，大量物种可能死于气候变化。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An internatinal team f researchers lked at the impact f rising temperatures n nearly 50,000 species f plants and animals. They came t the cnclusin that these are t decline due t changes in their habitat.(一个国际研究小组研究了气温上升对近5万种动植物的影响。他们得出的结论是，由于栖息地的变化，它们的数量将会减少)”可知，造成动植物减少的原因是它们的栖息地发生了变化。故选D。
42．词句猜测题。上文“The scientists prjected that if n significant effrts were made t limit greenhuse gas emissins, by the year 2100 glbal temperatures wuld be 4C abve pre-industrial levels.(科学家们预测，如果不采取重大措施限制温室气体排放，到2100年，全球气温将比工业化前的水平高出4摄氏度)”提出科学家们的猜想。结合划线词所在句“In this scenari, sme 34% f animal species and 57% f plants wuld lse mre than half f their current habitat ranges.(在这种scenari下，约34%的动物物种和57%的植物将失去其现有栖息地的一半以上)”可知，this scenari指的就是前文科学家的猜想，提出在这种设想的情况下会产生的可能性。由此推知，划线词scenari意为“设想”。A. Assumptin.猜想；B. Thery.理论；C. Expectatin.期望；D. Truth.真相。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Dr Warren says: "Swift actin t reduce CO2 and ther greenhuse gases can prevent the bidiversity lss by reducing the amunt f glbal warming t 2C rather than 4 degrees." The researcher believes that this wuld buy time fr plants and animals t adapt t the change.(沃伦博士说：“迅速采取行动减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体，可以通过将全球变暖幅度降低到2摄氏度而不是4摄氏度来防止生物多样性的丧失。”研究人员认为，这将为植物和动物争取时间来适应变化)”可知，如果我们立即采取措施减少温室气体，动物和植物将有更多的时间来适应环境的变化。故选C。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Can yu imagine a wrld where mre than half f ur cmmn plant species and a third f ur knwn animals disappear frm sight? That's the predictin suggested by new research n the impact f climate change.(你能想象一个超过一半的常见植物物种和三分之一的已知动物从我们的视线中消失的世界吗？这是一项关于气候变化影响的新研究提出的预测)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述一项有关气候变化的新研究，研究人员预测到，如果不迅速采取行动减少温室气体的排放，大量物种可能死于气候变化。由此可知，D项“Massive species may die frm climate change.(大量物种可能死于气候变化)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
（十二）
（2022·湖南师大附中高二期末）Fr sme peple, music is n fun at all. Abut 4% f the ppulatin is what scientists call “amusic”. Peple wh are amusic are brn withut the ability t enjy musical ntes. Amusic peple ften cannt tell the differences between tw sngs.
As a result, sngs sund like nise t an amusic. Many amusics cmpare the sund f music t pieces f metal hitting each ther. Life can be hard fr amusics. In fact, mst peple cannt understand what it feels like t be amusic. Just ging t a restaurant r a shpping center can be uncmfrtable r even painful. That is why many amusics have t stay away frm places where there is music. Hwever, this can result in scial lneliness. “I used t hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-ld wman wh nly recently discvered that she was amusic. By studying peple like Margaret, scientists are finally learning hw t identify (辨别) this unusual cnditin.
Scientists say that the brains f amusics are different frm thse f peple wh can enjy music. The difference is cmplex(复杂的), and it is nt cnnected with pr hearing. Amusics can understand ther nn-musical sunds well. They als have n prblems understanding cmmn speech. Scientists cmpare amusics t peple wh just can ’t see certain clrs.
Many amusics are happy when their cnditin is finally diagnsed (诊断). Fr years, Margaret felt embarrassed abut her music prblem. Nw she knws that she is nt alne. That makes it easier fr her t explain. “When peple invite me t a cncert, I just say ’N, thanks. I ’m amusic, ’” says Margaret.
45．Amusics are the peple wh ______.
A．like musicB．are brn unable t enjy music
C．dn ’t like musicD．have pr listening
46．Life is hard fr amusics mainly because ______.
A．they knw they cannt enjy music
B．they hate parties, restaurants r shpping centers
C．they try t stay at the place full f music
D．they are nt understd by thers
47．What causes amusics t be different frm mst peple accrding t scientists?
A．Their lack f clrs.B．Their pr hearing.
C．Their brains.D．Their prblems with speech.
48．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Sme peple ’s inability t enjy music.
B．Sme peple ’ s musical ability.
C．Amusics ’ strange behavirs.
D．Diagnsis and treatment f amusics.
【答案】45．B 46．D 47．C 48．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了没有享受音乐的能力的一类人，被称为amusic，他们之前都没有得到统一的诊断或者认识, 直到现在才知道自己的问题。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Peple wh are amusic are brn withut the ability t enjy musical ntes.（amusic是指天生就没有欣赏音符的能力。）”可知amusics指的是那些生来就没有享受音符的能力的人。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Life can be hard fr amusics. In fact, mst peple cannt understand what it feels like t be amusic.（对于amusics来说，生活是艰难的。事实上，大多数人无法理解音乐是什么感觉。）”可知amusics生活可能很难,因为大多数人不明白他们的感觉。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段开头 “Scientists say that the brains f amusics are different frm thse f peple wh can enjy music.（科学家们说，amusics的大脑不同于那些能享受音乐的人。）”可知，导致amusics与大多数人不同的原因是他们的大脑不同，故选C。
48．主旨大意题。全文主要讲述的是没有享受音乐的能力的一类人，被称为amusic，他们之前都没有得到统一的诊断或者认识,直到现在才知道自己的问题。A选项“Sme peple's inability t enjy music（一些没有欣赏音乐能力的人）”。故选A。
（十三）
（2022·湖南师大附中高二期末）Sprts accunt fr a grwing amunt f incme made n the sales f cmmercial time by televisin cmpanies. Many televisin cmpanies have used sprts t attract viewers frm particular sectins f the general public, and then they have sld audiences t advertisers.
An attractin f sprt prgrams fr the majr US media cmpanies is that events are ften held n Saturday and Sunday afternns—the slwest time perids f the week fr general televisin viewing. Sprt events are the mst ppular weekend prgrams, especially amng male viewers wh may nt watch much televisin at ther times during the week. This means the televisin netwrks are able t sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what nrmally wuld be dead time fr prgramming.
Media crpratins als use sprts t attract cmmercial spnsrs that might take their advertising dllars elsewhere if televisin statins did nt reprt certain sprts. The peple in the advertising departments f majr crpratins realize that sprts attract male viewers. They als realize that mst business travelers are men and that many men make family decisins n the purchases f cmputers, cars and life insurance.
Glf and tennis are special cases fr televisin prgramming. These sprts attract few viewers, and the ratings are unusually lw. Hwever, the audience fr these sprts is attractive t certain advertisers. It is made up f peple frm the highest incme grups in the United States，including many lawyers and business managers. This is why televisin reprting f glf and tennis is spnsred by cmpanies selling high-priced cars, business and persnal cmputers, and hliday trips. This is als why the netwrks cntinue t carry these prgrams regardless f lw ratings. Advertisers are willing t pay high fees t reach high-incme cnsumers and thse managers wh make decisins t buy thusands f “cmpany cars” and cmputers, with such viewers, these prgrams dn ’t need high ratings t stay n the air.
49．What d we knw abut sprt prgrams in the US?
A．They are nly bradcast during weekends.
B．They struggle t attract female viewers.
C．They bring mre mney t the televisin netwrks.
D．They make weekends dead time fr prgramming.
50．In many families, men usually make decisins n ______.
A．travel destinatinsB．grcery shpping
C．family sprts budgetD．expensive purchases
51．Why aren ’t the ratings imprtant fr glf and tennis prgrams?
A．These prgrams dn ’t make mney frm advertisements.
B．These prgrams are spnsred t attract rich peple.
C．These prgrams charge viewers high channel fees.
D．These prgrams aim at increasing the ppularity f the sprts.
52．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Male viewers dminate the TV audience.
B．Rich viewers cntribute mst t televisin cmpanies.
C．Sprts are gaining imprtance in advertising n televisin.
D．Cmmercial advertisers are the majr spnsrs f sprt events.
【答案】49．C 50．D 51．B 52．C
【解析】本文是说明文,主要介绍了运动节目对商业广告产生的影响。
49．细节理解题。由第二段中的 “This means the televisin netwrks are able t sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what nrmally wuld be dead time fr prgramming.”（这意味着电视网络能够以相对较高的价格出售广告时间，而这段时间通常是节目的死角。）可知，运动节目期间的广告投放价格更高，因此，其为电视台带来了更多收入。故选C。
50．细节理解题。由第三段中的 “They als realize that mst business travelers are men and that many men make family decisins n the purchases f cmputers, cars and life insurance.（她们还意识到，大多数商务旅行者是男性，许多男性在购买电脑、汽车和人寿保险方面做家庭决策。）”可知，男性通常在家庭中做有关购买电脑、汽车、人身保险等决定,也就是与昂贵商品相关的决定。故选D。
51．推理判断题。由最后一段中的 “It is made up f peple frm the highest incme grups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers.（它由来自美国最高收入群体的人组成，包括许多律师和企业经理。）”和 “This is als why the netwrks cntinue t carry these prgrams regardless f lw ratings.（这也是为什么这些电视节目在收视率很低的情况下仍然继续播出。）”可知，高尔夫和网球节目的收视率没那么重要是因为其广告商本就定位特定人群——美国的高收人群体，而并非所有人，故收视率没那么重要。故选B。
52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sprts accunt fr a grwing amunt f incme made n the sales f cmmercial time by televisin cmpanies. Many televisin cmpanies have used sprts t attract viewers frm particular sectins f the general public, and then they have sld audiences t advertisers.（体育节目在电视公司的广告时段销售收入中占越来越大的比重。许多电视公司利用体育运动来吸引普通大众中特定部分的观众，然后把观众卖给广告商。）”可知，文中介绍了运动节目为广告投放带来的一些优势：可针对特定观众群体投放广告、为电视台带来更多的周末广告收入等。故选C。
（十四）
（2021·湖北·高二期末）There’s a lt we knw abut eggs: they are great fr breakfast and yu can ck them in different ways. One tpic f debate, hwever, is why brwn chicken eggs usually cst mre than white nes. Accrding t Shaman Hickman, the directr f Cmmunity Outreach and Educatin fr Hickman's Family Farms, genetics (基因学) nt nutritin determines the eggshell clur and thus the egg’s price.
The chicken breed (品种) and their genetics decide whether r nt hens have pigment (色素) genes, which cat the egg and result in a clured shell during the egg-laying prcess. Althugh all eggs start ut white in clur, shell clur can range frm white t brwn and even blue in sme rare breeds, Hickman adds. Breeds such as the Leghrn chicken lay white eggs, while the Orpingtn lays brwn eggs and the Ameraucana prduces blue eggs.
Hickman ntes that the Leghrn breed is the mst efficient egg-laying hen, making it a ppular chice fr farmers. Hens that prduce clured eggshells, hwever, tend t be larger and require mre feed and energy t create that painted layer. Since thse breeds cst mre t feed, their eggs are mre expensive.
Althugh eggs smetimes lk different and are priced differently, it’s impssible t knw their nutritinal make-up frm the shell clur alne, accrding t Malkani, media spkespersn fr the Academy f Nutritin and Dietetics. “Chsing between brwn and white eggs is a matter f persnal preference,” she says. “But it's imprtant fr peple t knw that the clur f the eggshell has nthing t d with the egg’s nutrient cntent r shell thickness.”
What des affect the nutrient cntent is the specific diet the hen is n, accrding t Malkani. Fr example, hens fed with a diet with mega-3s and vitamin D prduce eggs that are higher in thse specific nutrients. N matter what yur preference is, dn’t judge an egg by its shell clur.
53．Which f the fllwing is ne f the arguments abut eggs in Paragraph One?
A．Why Brwn eggs are much cheaper.B．Hw eggs can be cked healthily.
C．Why clured eggs are mre expensive.D．Whether brwn eggs are great fr breakfast.
54．What makes the eggshell clur different?
A．The size f the hen.B．The hen’s breed.
C．The clur f the eggs inside.D．The envirnment f the laying prcess.
55．Why d farmers lve the Leghrn breed mre?
A．They are prductive.B．Their eggs are larger.
C．They lay brwn eggs.D．Their eggs sell better.
56．What can we learn frm Malkani's wrds in the last paragraph?
A．It takes effrts t test eggs’ nutritin.
B．It’s meaningless t study an egg’s clur.
C．Persnal preference matters a lt in chice-making.
D．An egg's nutritin is clsely related t the hen’s feed.
【答案】53．C 54．B 55．A 56．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了母鸡的品种导致蛋壳的颜色不同。影响鸡蛋营养成分的是母鸡的特定饮食，而不是蛋壳的颜色。
53．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“One tpic f debate, hwever, is why brwn chicken eggs usually cst mre than white nes. (然而，争论的一个话题是为什么棕色鸡蛋通常比白色鸡蛋更贵)”可推知，“为什么有颜色的鸡蛋更贵”是文章第一段中关于鸡蛋的争论之一。故选C项。
54．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“The chicken breed and their genetics decide whether r nt hens have pigment genes, which cat the egg and result in a clured shell during the egg-laying prcess. (母鸡的品种和它们的基因决定了母鸡是否有色素基因，色素基因覆盖着鸡蛋，并在产蛋过程中形成彩色的蛋壳)”可知，母鸡的品种使蛋壳的颜色不同。故选B项。
55．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Hickman ntes that the Leghrn breed is the mst efficient egg-laying hen, making it a ppular chice fr farmers.(Hickman指出，来亨鸡是最高效的产蛋母鸡，因此成为农民的热门选择)”可知，农民更喜欢来亨鸡是因为它们产蛋效率很高。故选A项。
56．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“What des affect the nutrient cntent is the specific diet the hen is n, accrding t Malkani. (Malkani说，影响营养成分的是母鸡的特定饮食)”可知，鸡蛋的营养与母鸡的饲料密切相关。故选D项。
（十五）
（2021·湖北孝感·高二期末）They are smart. They knw hw t steal. They knw hw t find fd. They knw hw t intimidate(恐吓) . Wh are they? They are macaque mnkeys. They have taken ver the ld city f Lpburi in Thailand. Abut 8,400 f them are in the center f the city. They ram(漫游) neighbrhds in grups. Dzens f businesses in Lpburi are clsing. They include a music schl, a gld shp, a barber, a cellphne stre and a mvie theatre. The Buddhist culture believes reducing the number f mnkeys wuld disturb spiritual well-being.
The mnkeys were nt always such a hazard. They attracted turists. Buddhists thught feeding them was a gd deed. Nw times have changed. Recently, the crnavirus made things wrse. There are fewer turists, which means that travelers give less fd t the mnkeys. Over the years, the mnkeys mved int empty buildings. They trashed whatever they came acrss. They ripped(扯掉) antennas and windshield wipers ff parked cars. What happens when mnkeys cme int cntact with humans? An bserver said that years ag the mnkeys were fewer, bigger and healthier. Their fur was shiny and thick. They kept t the temples，as well as the ruins f the ancient Khmer civilizatin.
Then turists came with easy and unhealthy fd. Alng with bananas and citrus(柑橘), the macaques feasted n junk fd. An bserver said, “The mnkeys are never hungry. They are just like children wh eat t much KFC．” Cmpared with the mnkeys f the frest, their urban cunterparts have less muscle. They have mre hypertensin and bld disease. Their fur has thinned. Sme have gne bald. With s much fd available，they have mre time t breed and t give birth. Their ppulatin has explded. “These mnkeys were here befre us,” a man said. A juvenile macaque tugged(拽) his trusers demanding a treat. “We have t adapt t them，nt the ther way arund. ”
57．Why are macaque mnkeys s ppular in Lpburi in Thailand?
A．Because they are smart and knw hw t steal.
B．Because they have taken ver the ld city f Lpburi in Thailand.
C．Because they are symbls f spiritual well-being in the Buddhist culture.
D．Because 8,400 f them are in the centre f the city and ram everywhere.
58．In what way has turism influenced the macaque mnkeys?
A．The mnkeys are bigger and healthier.
B．The mnkeys like eating KFC fd.
C．The mnkeys have suffered frm mre diseases.
D．The mnkeys are subject t birth cntrl.
59．What des the underlined wrd “cunterparts” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Mnkeys.B．Turists.
C．Buddhists.D．Children.
60．It can be inferred frm what the man said that ________.
A．mnkeys are ancestrs, s humans shuld adapt t mnkeys
B．humans shuld regard mnkeys with awe and respect
C．mnkeys shuld be frced t fllw rules
D．humans shuld give mnkeys whatever they want
【答案】57．C 58．C 59．A 60．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过说明猴子的生活近况来反映出人们要敬畏尊重自然。
57．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The Buddhist culture believes reducing the number f mnkeys wuld disturb spiritual well-being.(佛教文化认为减少猴子的数量会扰乱精神健康)”可知，佛教文化认为减少猴子数量会破坏人类精神健康。这是最根本的原因。故选C项。
58．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Cmpared with the mnkeys f the frest, their urban cunterparts have less muscle. They have mre hypertensin and bld disease. Their fur has thinned. Sme have gne bald.(与生活在森林中的猴子相比，生活在城市里的猴子肌肉少，患有更多的高血压和血液方面的疾病。它们的皮毛稀稀疏疏，甚至秃毛)”可知，旅游业给它们带来了很多疾病。故选C项。
59．词义猜测题。根据文中“Cmpared with the mnkeys f the frest, their urban cunterparts have less muscle. They have mre hypertensin and bld disease. Their fur has thinned. Sme have gne bald.(与生活在森林中的猴子相比，生活在城市里的猴子肌肉少，患有更多的高血压和血液方面的疾病。它们的皮毛稀稀疏疏，甚至秃毛)”可知，此处表示生活在城市的猴子与生活在树林里的猴子进行对比。故选A项。
60．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These mnkeys were here befre us, a man said. A juvenile macaque tugged his trusers demanding a treat. We have t adapt t them，nt the ther way arund.(猴子先于人类生存在此地，我们人类应该努力去适应猴子，适应自然，而不是让猴子或自然来适应人类)”可知，此处表示人类应该敬畏尊重自然。故选B项。
（十六）
（2021·重庆一中高二期末）The 90-minute lng game invlves tw gals, black and white checkered (格子的) balls, gal keepers, and n hand use. This sprt, f curse, is sccer — r ftball as mst f the rest f the wrld says. It’s cnfusing that sme cuntries call this sprt “ftball” while Americans and a few ther cuntries say “sccer”, but bviusly the British are mstly t blame.
Let’s start in England in the 19th century, when yung men played a number f versins f mving a ball (with hands r feet) acrss an ppnent’s gal. S, in 1863 in Lndn, a Ftball Assciatin was frmed t standardize the rules t distinguish between them.
Rugby, frmerly knwn as “rugby ftball” r “rugger”, is a versin f “ftball” where yu can use yur hands. Sccer, riginally “assciatin ftball” r “asccer”, is the traditinal versin f "ftball" where peple dn’t use their hands. Peple in England started shrtening the names by drpping the “assciatin” part f the phrase and the “a” in “asccer” If yur head hurts frm thinking abut this, prepare t have yur mind blwn by these things yu prbably never thught abut-until just nw.
Nw cmes the cmplex part: in 1869, Rutgers and Princetn clleges held the first traditinal, recrded ftball game using a unique cmbinatin f rules frm bth rugby and sccer, creating what Americans knw as “American ftball” and what ther cuntries refer t as “gridirn ftball”. But mst peple never bthered with the first wrd. As a result, American assciatin-ftball players increasingly adpted “sccer” t refer t their sprt. If the name “sccer” stuck in Britain and if Americans came up with a better name fr American ftball, there wuld be much less cnfusin. S why did “ftball” becme mre ppular than “sccer” in England anyway? Originally, American influence n Britain during Wrld War II made “sccer” the ppular term in England befre the 1980s. Once the sprt became mre ppular in America arund that time, the British stpped using “sccer”.
61．The authr’s main purpse in writing this passage is ______.
A．T intrduce and prmte varius versins f “ftball”
B．T shw the different rules f varius ftball-type games
C．T explain why sme peple call ftball “sccer”
D．T cmpare the cultural differences between Britain and America
62．What des the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?
A．The name cnfusin is becming greater.
B．Yu cannt use yur hands while playing games.
C．The names make the differences f the same bject mre bvius.
D．Making the best f the head in the sprts is extremely imprtant.
63．Which terms f the fllwing grups mean the same sprt?
A．“Rugby” and “asccer”B．“American ftball” and “Rugger”
C．“Sccer” and “Gridirn ftball”D．“Gridirn ftball” and “American ftball”
64．British stpped using “sccer” because the sprt ______.
A．was influenced by Wrld War II.
B．enjyed greater ppularity in America.
C．was still called “sccer” in America.
D．used a cmbinatin f rules frm tw sprts.
【答案】61．C 62．A 63．D 64．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是为什么有些国家称“足球”为ftball，而美国和其他一些国家称其为sccer。
61．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段的“It’s cnfusing that sme cuntries call this sprt “ftball” while Americans and a few ther cuntries say “sccer”, but bviusly the British are mstly t blame.（令人困惑的是，有些国家称这种运动为ftball，而美国和其他一些国家称其为sccer，但显然英国人要负主要责任。）”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了解释为什么有些人把足球叫做“sccer”，即T explain why sme peple call ftball “sccer”。故选C。
62．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Nw cmes the cmplex part（接下来是复杂的部分）”可知，划线部分所在的句子的意思是“如果你一想到这些就头疼，那就准备好被这些你可能从未想过的事情震撼一下吧——直到现在”，也就是名字的混淆越来越严重，越来越复杂，即The name cnfusin is becming greater，故选A。
63．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Nw cmes the cmplex part: in 1869, Rutgers and Princetn clleges held the first traditinal, recrded ftball game using a unique cmbinatin f rules frm bth rugby and sccer, creating what Americans knw as “American ftball” and what ther cuntries refer t as “gridirn ftball”.（接下来是复杂的部分：1869年，罗格斯大学和普林斯顿大学举办了第一次传统的、有记录的橄榄球比赛，采用了英式橄榄球和英式足球中独特的规则组合，创造了美国人称为“美式足球”和其他国家称为“gridirn足球”的比赛。）”可知，“Gridirn ftball”和 “American ftball”是同一项运动，只是不同国家对它的叫法不同，故选D。
64．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Once the sprt became mre ppular in America arund that time, the British stpped using “sccer”.（大约在那个时候，这项运动在美国变得更加流行，英国人就不再使用“sccer”这个词了。）”可知，英国人不再使用“sccer”，因为这项运动在美国更受欢迎。故选B。
（十七）
（2021·重庆一中高二期末）Wrking ut can help teenagers imprve their grades, a new study suggests. Adlescents wh regularly participated in exercise shwed lng-term imprvements in their academic perfrmance, the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine study reprted.
“Our study suggests that the effect f physical activity may be quite large,” Jhn Reilly, a prfessr at the University f Strathclyde said. The researchers lked at a sample f abut 5000 children wh were invlved in a lng-term study that tracks children brn in the U.K. between 1991 and 1992. When children reached 11 years ld, their daily physical activity levels were measured using an device (装置) fr three t seven days. The device, similar t a pedmeter (计步器) tracking the number f steps taken. recrded the average time children exercised, which was 29 minutes a day fr bys and 18 fr girls.
“The actual levels f daily physical activity at age 11 were quite lw.” Mr. Reilly nted. The children had their academic perfrmance tested at ages 11 and 13 with natinal tests, and als at 15 r 16 with GCSE exam. The tests assessed the children’s abilitics in English, math and science subjects. The results shwed that the mre children participated in physical activity, the higher their test scres were at age 11 in all three subjects. Fr girls, science scres were mst strngly linked t exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13, their academic scres were still linked t hw much they had exercised when they were 11 years ld. By the time the yungsters tk the GCSE exam. each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity fr the bys was linked t an imprvement in their scres. Every additinal 12-minute increase a day in exercise fr the girls was als linked t an increased scre, especially in the science categry.
The researchers have called fr mre studies t lk at the pssible academic benefits that culd be derived if students exercised the recmmended 60 minutes r mre a day.
65．What is the functin f the device used in the study?
A．T recrd hw lng students exercise.
B．T recrd the walking speed f students.
C．T recrd hw many steps students walk.
D．T recrd the number f calries students cnsume.
66．What d the study’s results shw?
A．Students at age 11 d mre exercise than at ther ages.
B．Bys at age 13 get mre benefits by ding mre exercise.
C．Girls’ science scres are mre clsely related t exercise.
D．Mre and mre students d exercise t imprve their scres.
67．What des the underlined wrd “derived” prbably mean in the last paragraph?
A．judged.B．gained.C．annunced.D．reduced.
68．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．The benefits f students’ participating in sprts
B．The secret f students’ ranking high in class
C．The influence f exercise n students’ scres
D．The ways f imprving students’ physical cnditins
【答案】65．A 66．C 67．B 68．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究报告表明，锻炼能帮助提高青少年学习成绩。
65．细节理解题。由第二段“The device, similar t a pedmeter (计步器) tracking the number f steps taken, recrded the average time children exercised, which was 29 minutes a day fr bys and 18 fr girls.(这个类似于一个计步器的跟踪步骤数量的设备，记录孩子锻炼的平均时间，男孩一天29分钟，女孩一天18分钟。)”可知，这个设备的作用是记录孩子们每天的运动时间。故选A。
66．细节理解题。由第三段“Fr girls, science scres were mst strngly linked t exercise.(对于女孩子来说，科学的成绩跟运动密切相关。)”可知，研究显示女孩子的成绩跟运动关系更加密切。故选C。
67．词句猜测题。由最后一段划线词后半句“if students exercised the recmmended 60 minutes r mre a day.(如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间，)”并结合上文“By the time the yungsters tk the GCSE exam, each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity fr the bys was linked t an imprvement in their scres. Every additinal 12-minute increase a day in exercise fr the girls was als linked t an increased scre, especially in the science categry.(到孩子们参加普通中等教育证书考试的时候，男孩们每天增加17分钟的体育活动，他们的成绩就会提高。女孩每天每多锻炼12分钟，得分就会增加，尤其是在科学方面。)”可知，研究人员呼吁进行更多的研究，如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间，可能会获得哪些学习上的好处。所以derived为“获得”之意。故选B。
68．主旨大意题。由第一段“Wrking ut can help teenagers imprve their grades, a new study suggests.(一项新的研究表明，锻炼可以帮助青少年提高他们的成绩。)”及全文可知，文章介绍了一项研究报告表明，锻炼能帮助提高青少年学习成绩。所以“The influence f exercise n students’ scres.(锻炼对学生成绩的影响。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
（十八）
（2021·辽宁锦州·高二期末）Just as it des n Earth, it snws n Mars. Hwever, scientists have fund that Martian snw is “dustier” than it is n Earth, which culd mean it’s warmer and mre likely t melt int water, a new study suggests.
“There is a chance that this dusty and dark ice might melt a few centimeters dwn,” said the study’s lead authr, Aditya Khuller, in a statement.
In June, a separate study suggested that there may be mre water n Mars than previusly thught.
The scientists believe that the ice that was dug up by the Phenix lander in 2008 ccurred frm a snwfall smetime ver the past millin years.
“It is widely believed that Mars has experienced many ice ages thrughut its histry, and it lks like the ice being expsed thrughut the mid-latitudes f Mars is the remains f this ancient dusty snwfall,” Khuller added.
If researchers are able t better learn abut the ptentials f water n Mars, then they may be able t better learn abut its prspects fr nce hsting life.
“Describing these features can significantly imprve the ice stability (稳定) n Mars and infrm us abut its age and rigin,” the researchers wrte in the study.
The researchers say that mre wrk is required t determine if the ice actually melts int water.
Khuller added, “We are wrking n develping imprved cmputer imitatins f Martian ice t study hw it evlves ver time, and whether it might melt t frm liquid water. The results frm this study will be necessary t ur wrk because knwing hw dark the ice is directly influences hw warm it gets.”
It has been smewhat integral t find, althugh scientists cnfirmed in 2018 that Mars still has lakes filled with liquid water.
69．Why des the ice n Mars melt mre easily than that n Earth?
A．It’s warmer n Mars.B．Mars’ ice is dustier and darker.
C．The temperature is nt stable n Mars.D．Mars’ ice is expsed t the sun fr lng.
70．What might be the purpse fr scientists’ study n Mars’ snw?
A．T help reduce ice’s melting.B．T research the amunt f water.
C．T speed up its turning int water.D．T better learn the prspects f water.
71．Which f the fllwing is True accrding t the passage?
A．It’s impssible t learn the rigin f Mars’ ice.
B．It’s easy t find lakes with liquid water n Mars.
C．Scientists are trying t imprve ice stability n Mars.
D．The Phenix lander was the first explrer t land n Mars.
72．What des the underlined wrd “integral” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Impssible.B．Difficult.C．Unbelievable.D．Interesting.
【答案】69．B 70．D 71．C 72．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，火星上的冰比地球上的冰更容易融化，科学家针对这一现象展开对火星上是否存在液态水的研究。
69．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Hwever, scientists have fund that Martian snw is “dustier” than it is n Earth, which culd mean it’s warmer and mre likely t melt int water, a new study suggests.”（然而，一项新的研究表明，科学家发现火星上的雪比地球上的雪“含有更多灰尘”，这可能意味着它更温暖，更容易融化成水。）和第二段内容““There is a chance that this dusty and dark ice might melt a few centimeters dwn,” said the study’s lead authr, Aditya Khuller, in a statement.(“这些充满灰尘的近乎黑色的冰有可能融化了几厘米，”该研究的主要发起人阿迪蒂亚·胡勒在一份声明中说)”可知，火星上的冰比地球上的冰更容易融化，是因为火星上的冰含有更多的灰尘，近乎是黑色的。由此可知，火星上的冰比地球上的冰更容易融化，因为火星上的冰含有更多的灰尘、更黑。故选B项。
70．推理判断题。根据第六段内容“If researchers are able t better learn abut the ptentials f water n Mars, then they may be able t better learn abut its prspects fr nce hsting life.(如果研究人员能够更好地了解火星上水的潜力，那么他们可能能够更好地了解火星上曾经存在生命的可能性)”可知，科学家研究火星上雪的目的是为了能够更好地了解火星上水的潜力，因为这样可以让他们更好地了解火星上曾经存在生命的可能性。由此可知，科学家研究火星上雪的目的可能是更好地了解水的前景。故选D项。
71．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段内容““Describing these features can significantly imprve the ice stability (稳定) n Mars and infrm us abut its age and rigin,” the researchers wrte in the study.( “描述这些特征可以显著提高火星上冰的稳定性，并告诉我们它的时代和起源，”研究人员在研究中写道)”可知，科学家通过研究可以显著提高火星上冰的稳定性，这有助于告诉我们它的时代和起源。由此可知，“科学家们正在努力改善火星上冰的稳定性”这一陈述是正确的。故选C项。
72．词句猜测题。根据上文关键句“We are wrking n develping imprved cmputer imitatins f Martian ice t study hw it evlves ver time, and whether it might melt t frm liquid water.(我们正在开发改进的计算机模拟火星冰，以研究它如何随时间演化，以及它是否可能融化形成液态水)”可知，科学家正在研究是否火星上的冰能够融化形成液态水；再根据画线单词句中“althugh scientists cnfirmed in 2018 that Mars still has lakes filled with liquid water(尽管科学家在2018年确认火星上仍有充满液态水的湖泊)”可知，虽然科学家在2018年确认火星上仍有充满液态水的湖泊，但仍在研究中，并没有真正发现，由此可知，发现火星上是否存有液态水的过程是困难的，所以研究一直在进行中，“Difficult”意为“困难的”，能够代替划线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。