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【高考英语】语法易错点30题精讲练:专题01 名词
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高考英语语法【名词】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting
_________(cmpete)t watch,tgether with the stry behind it.
2.My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a_______(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
3.This switch has decreased_______(pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
4.Yu wuldn't think that a few_______(mnth)f exercise in yur teens wuld be enugh fr the rest f yur life, and that's als true fr building yur vcabulary.
5.In 1863 the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn.It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible______(crwd)n the rads abve as they travelled t and frm wrk.
【答案详解】
1. cmpetitin 解析:设空处作knw f的宾语,结合空前的an interesting可知,此处应该用所给词的名词形式 cmpetitin.
2. scientist 解析:此处介绍“我”的身份是一名科学家。由空后wh可知,定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。故填scientist.
3. pllutin 解析:此处作谓语 has decreased 的宾语,应填名词pllutin.
4. mnths 解析:根据空格前的修饰语定签案。mnth为可数名词,其修饰语a few意为“一些”,后跟可数名词复数形式,故mnth应用复数形式。
5. crwds 解析:根据常识,地面上上下班的人群肯定不止一群人,而是一群一群的人,故填crwd的复数形式crwds.
II.精选典题名词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.Smetimes there’s s much wrk fr yu t deal with and yu feel it’s beynd yur ability t fulfill it. Actually, yu can take (measure) t help yurself.
7.It thinks that Singlish may hurt peple’s (able) t speak standard English and make it hard fr them t cmmunicate with freigners.
8.In rder t understand the rle and functin f belief in ur sciety, ne way is t cmpare the (different) between a sciety with belief and a sciety withut it.
9.After several (day), I gt my watch back and it was still wrking.
10.Once I brke a (neighbr) windw. Seeing nbdy arund, I ran away immediately.
11.Even thugh there weren’t (leaf) n the trees, yet I culd still hear birds singing sngs f spring.
12.There is als new evidence that green tea can help t destry bacteria in ur bdies. It is especially effective at ridding bacteria f yur (tth) and keep them healthy!
13.There are (style) f music that can drive yu unquestinably crazy.
14.Firstly, these cuntries have highly diversified grups f residents frm different cultural (backgrund).
15.Traditinal Chinese Medicine(TCM) is an imprtant part f Chinese culture. Great (success) have been made in many areas thrugh TCM cures.
【答案详解】
6.measures 解析:句意:有时候,你有太多的工作要处理,而你觉得完成它超出了你的能力。事实上,你可以采取措施来帮助自己。measure作“措施,方法”讲时,为可数名词,take measures t d sth.为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”,故此处应用复数形式。
7.ability 解析:句意:它认为新加坡式的英语可能会伤及人们说标准英语的能力,使他们很难与外国人交流。设空处前有名词所有格peple’s修饰,应用名词。
8.differences 解析:句意:为了理解信念在我们社会中的作用和功能,一个方法就是比较一个有信念的社会和一个无信念的社会的差异。设空处前有定冠词修饰,应用名词;根据句意,此处指不止一个差异,应用名词复数形式。
9.days 解析:句意:几天后,我把手表拿回来了,它还在运转。day为可数名词,其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。
10.neighbr’s 解析:考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语,修饰名词windw。
11.leaves 解析:句意:虽然树上没有树叶,但我仍然能够听到鸟儿在唱春天的赞歌。leaf作“叶子”讲时,为可数名词,根据该句中的weren’t可知,此处应用复数形式。
12.teeth 解析:句意:也有新的证据表明绿茶可以帮助消灭我们体内的细菌。它在去除牙齿上的细菌,保持牙齿健康方面尤其有效!根据常识可知,人的牙齿有很多颗,故空格处用所给名词的复数形式。
13.styles 解析:此处表示有一些音乐风格无疑能让你疯狂。There be句型中,主语为be后面的名词,此处be动词为are,故空格处应用所给名词的复数形式。
14.backgrunds 解析:句意:首先,这些国家有来自不同文化背景的高度多元化的居民群体。backgrund作“出身背景”讲时,为可数名词,由句中different可知,此处指“不同的文化背景”,故填所给名词的复数形式。
15.successes 解析:句意:中医是中国文化的重要组成部分。中医疗法在许多领域已经取得了巨大的成功。success在此处为抽象名词具体化,表示成功的事物,为可数名词。根据空后的have可知,此处应用所给名词的复数形式。
III.精选典题名词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.We were very happy t help each ther and have lts f funs.
17.Hlding an empty bx in his hand, he asked passersby fr mney. Unluckily, I had n changes n me.
18.The prfessr began the class with an amusing English stry, which attracted ur attentins at nce.
19.Cnsidering my case, my teacher ffered me several detailed apprach and advised me t set a shrtterm gal t imprve my math.
20.When the by sang a sng with his guitar, all the judge were astnished by his talent.
【答案详解】
16.funs→fun 解析:fun是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
17.changes→change 解析:change表示“改变,变化”时,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词;表示“零钱”时,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
18.attentins→attentin 解析:句意:教授以一个有趣的英语故事开始了这节课,这立刻吸引了我们的注意力。attract ne’s attentin“吸引某人的注意力”,是固定短语,其中的attentin为不可数名词。
19.apprach→appraches 解析:考查名词的数。apprach作“方法”讲时,是可数名词;由前面的several可知,应用复数形式。
20.judge→judges 解析: 考查名词的数。根据该句中的all和谓语动词were可知,所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶,故用复数形式。
IV.精选典题名词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
A yung man in Wuhan. Hubei Prvince has becme the latest Internet sensatin after a vide shwing his heart-warming act n a subway train went viral n scial 21._______(medium)recently.
In the vide, the man can be seen hlding his mbile phne in his hand after falling asleep n a Metr, with a message in large fnt n the screen which reads,"Please wake me if yu need my seat."
The vide was recrded by a fellw passenger wh psted it n Weib. The vide, whse 22._______
(lng) was just seven secnds, has been viewed mre than 19 millin 23._______(time)in just tw days.Chinese netizens were greatly tuched by the yung 24._______(man) act and greeted him with a strm f 25._______(applaud)fr his kind 26._______(behave). A web 27._______(use)even cmmented,"I nly needed seven
28._______(secnd) t fall in 29._______with this yung man".
The humble man refused an interview 30._______(invite)after becming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he shuld. In a Weib pst, he thanked netizens fr their lve and praise.He said he wuld always fall asleep when he had nthing t d n the train but wrried thers may need the seat, s he gt the idea f making a message n his phne screen.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了网上播出了一段关于武汉市一名年轻男子在地铁上的感人视频,视频在社交媒体上迅速走红。
21.media 解析:考查名词的数。泛指各种媒体,用复数形式。
22. length 解析:考查词性转换。前有作定语的关系代词 whse 修饰,表;示vide的长度,用名词形式。
23. times 解析: 考查名词的数。time在这里为可数名词,意为“次数”有 19 millin修饰,故用复数形式。
24.man's 解析: 考查名词的所有格。作定语修饰act,用所有格。句意中国的网民被这位小伙子的行为深深地打动,并对他的这个善举报以热烈的掌声。
25. applause 解析: 考查词性转换。空格所填词和前面的 f一起构成 f所有格形式,修饰前面的名词strm作定语。所以用名词形式
26. bchavi(u)r 解析:考查词性转换。前由“his kind(他善良的)”作定语修饰,指他善良的行为,故填名词形式。
27. user 解析: 考查词性转换。由语境和句子结构可知,该空作主语,意为“用户”句意:一位微博用户甚至评论道:我只要七秒就爱上了这个年轻人。
28. secnds 解析:考查名词的数。secnd在此用作名词,意为“秒”,是可数名词,前有数词seven修饰,用复数形式。
29. lve 解析:考查固定搭配。all in lve with 为定搭配,意为“喜欢上,爱上”。
30. invitatin 解析:考查词性转换。这里指的是米访邀请,用名词形式。前有an修饰,用单数形式。 一、可数名词微专题易错点
一般情况加-s
experience→ experiences; cmputer→cmputers; scientists→scientists
2.以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词加-es glass→ glasses; bx→bxes; dish→dishes; watch→watches; brush→brushes
3.辅音字母十y结尾,变y为i再加-es family→families; enemy→enemies; hliday-hlidays;activity→activities
4.以f, fe结尾,变为-ves knife→knives; half→halves; leaf→leaves
但:rf→rfs; gulf→gulfs; chief→chiefs; belief→beliefs; prf→prfs;
safe→safes; handkerchief→handkerchiefs 或handkerchieves
5.以结尾加-s或-es
① 加-es的一般为“两人两菜一火山”(英雄吃西红柿,黑人吃土豆)
her→heres; tmat→tmates; Negr→Negres; ptat →ptates;
vlcan→ vlcanes
②其他的一般加-s
如:phts; radis; pians; zs; bambs; vides; studis; zers
6. 单、复数相同sheep deer fish (fishes 各种各样的鱼)Chinese; Swiss; Japanese
7.特殊变化man→men; wman→wmen; ft →feet; tth→teeth;gse→geese;muse→ mice child→children; x→xen
8.只有复数形式clthes; trusers; glasses; gds; shrts; scissrs; scales;
还有一些名词习惯上多用复数形式:cngratulatins;belngings; wishes; regards; thanks;
9.合成词
①变中心词pliceman→plicemen;Frenchman→Frenchmen;pstman→pstmen
但:German→Germans;passer-by→passers-by;sn-in-law→sns-in-law
②无中心词时将-s加在最后g-between→g-betweens;grwn-up→grwn-ups
10.形式上单数,意义上复数如:peple; plice; cattle; public
11.形式上复数,意义上单数physics;plitics; maths; news
12.名词作定语
①只变中心词she shp→she shps; tthbrush→tthbrushes
②man和 wman作定语时,与中心词一起变
man dctr→men dctrs; wman teacher→wmen teachers
名词单复数的特殊形式
作整体概念看待时,当单数用,谓语动词也用单数;
强调整体中具体人或物时,当复数用,谓语动词也用复数。
这类词有:family, army, audience, class, cmmittee, grup, team等。
注:hair,fruit表头发、水果总称hairs(几根头发),fruits(各种水果)
二、不可数名词微专题易错点
1.物质名词,如:chalk, bread, furniture, rubbish, fd, cheese
2.抽象名词,如:advice, equipment, air, prgress, infrmatin, educatin, fun, health, news不和不定冠词连用。
三、名词加s与不加s意义不同
paper 纸 papers 文件、试卷、论文 wrk 工作 wrks著作、工厂、工事 time 时间 times 时代、次数、倍数 cffee 咖啡 cffees(几杯)咖啡 wd 木头 wds森林 peple 人民 peples 民族 manner 方式 manners 礼貌
interest 利息 interests利益
sand沙子 sands沙滩 lk 看 lks 外貌 irn铁 irns镣铐; gd 好 gds 货物; green 绿色的 greens 蔬菜; Mr.King 金先生 the Kings金先生一家人
四、名词所有格微专题易错点
1.在名词后+('s)表示“······的” Mary's bike 的自行车
2.以s结尾的只+(')Teachers' Day 教师节;Dickens' bks 狄更斯的作品
3.几个共有的只在最后一个名词上+('s) Tm and Jim's rm;Lily and Lucy's mther
4.不共有的分别+('s) Tm's and Jim's trusers;Mr.Wang's and Mr.Li's sheep
表示“地理、国家、城市、天文、时间、度量、价值”等无生命的名词,可用+'s形式表示所属关系。
例:China's capital ;the mn's rbit ;tday's newspaper; five minutes' walk
一些有生命的名词,如果名词较长或有较多或较长的定语时,须使用f所有格。
例:the stry f the bravery f William Tell and his sn
7.表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词(如:a/sme/a few/any/n/the等)时,须用双重所有格(即“f词组十所有格”的形式)。
例:a friend f my father's;that new dress f Susan's
8名词所有格之后若是 huse/church/shp/hme/hspital/ffice等建筑物之类的名词时,该名词常省略。
例:the dentist's(ffice);at Uncle Wang's(huse);at the butcher's(shp);the St.Peter's(church)
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