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    专题03 动词、动词短语(讲义)-2025年高考英语二轮复习(北京专用)

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    \l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航1
    02 \l "_Tc18151" 思维导图·知识引航2
    \l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究4
    \l "_Tc20799" 考点一 在语境中考查动词词义(关注得体性)14
    【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】14
    \l "_Tc29041" 考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义15
    【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】15
    【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 15
    \l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】19
    01
    考情透视・目标导航
    动词、动词短语
    02
    思维导图・知识导航
    动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题中所占比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在完形填空中,考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面:
    1.动词的词义;2.动词搭配;3.动词短语;4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;5.常用动词的用法;6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法(break, bring, call, cme, cut, give, g, get, hld, lk, make, put, set, take, turn, set(改为send)等)
    动词的分类
    根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
    1.行为动词(实义动词)
    ①及物动词 (带宾语):study, develp;
    ②不及物动词(不带宾语)wrk, swim, g, cme
    ③状态动词(相对静止)cntain, exist, wn, prefer, belng
    ④动作动词 延续性(wrk, stay);非延续性(marry, g, cme)
    2.系动词
    ①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, lk, seem, taste, appear, sund
    ②表示状态的变化:turn, g, becme, get, fall, grw
    ③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay
    3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):
    be(am,is,are),d(des,did);have(has);will,wuld,shall
    4.情态动词:can(culd),may(might),must,shall(shuld)
    动词词义辨析
    动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,完形填空,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指:
    1.形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。
    2.意义相近的动词之间辨义。如:brrw, lend; speak, say, talk; hpe, wish等。
    3.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:advise, advice; cst, wrth; pass, past 等。
    4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如:explain, say; discver, invent, uncver; find, find ut等。
    5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。
    6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。如:give in, give up, turn n, turn ff, turn dwn, turn up等。
    易混动词归纳对比
    1.lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:
    2.rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rse,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。
    3.hear与listen t:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen t是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen t却用于集中注意力的听。
    4.see, watch和lk:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Are yu ging t play r nly watch?;lk一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little by lked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。)
    5.wind和wund:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wund,而动词原形wund意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wunded。
    6.hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
    7.bear的过去分词brn与brne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词brn,brne。只有当be+brn…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用brn。如:He was brn in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用brne。如:She has brne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用brne。
    8.sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat neself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
    9.brrw, lend与keep:借入英文中用brrw,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep.
    10.win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a cntest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have wn him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。
    11.steal与rb:steal为偷。rb为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+frm+某人、某地,而rb其后接人+f+抢的物品。
    12.fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
    13.take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。
    14.shut与clse:shut与clse有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用clse,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut yur muth!(闭嘴);又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,则要用clse。
    15.answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer fr,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上t。
    16.reach,arrive与get t:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get t, arrive(at/in)。
    17.cst,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cst, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cst作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his mney n stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如It takes me three hurs t finish this wrk。
    18.lst, gne与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lst, gne,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。
    19.have n, wear, put n及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have n与wear作穿着状态讲;但have n不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put n是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:I dress my children in the mrning every day.
    20.begin与start:begin与Start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:we shu1d have t start early because there was a lt traffic in the street。
    21.allw 与permit:allw与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:Peple are nt allwed t spit.
    22.find与fund:find找到的过去式和过去分词都是fund,而fund是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是funded,funded,如:The Peple’s Republic f China was funded in 1949.
    23.speak, say, talk 与tell:英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a stry。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was brken. It culdn’t tell time crrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Can yu tell me the difference between the tw?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:The father always speaks well f his sn。
    24.excuse me 与srry:excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而srry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
    25.care fr 与care t d:care fr其后要接不定式时则要省去fr或换用名词,如:Wuld yu care fr a cup f tea?但care fr作照顾讲时与lk after相同。
    26.与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); chse(v.), chice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
    27.意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;lk由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discver(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。
    28.动词 + 副词 + 介词:catch up with, lk frward t, cme up with, keep up with, g in fr, lk dwn n, get n with …
    29.动词 + 介词t的词组有:cme t, stick t, bject t, agree t, turn t, attend t, belng t, devte t, reply t …
    30.与in相结合的动词有:give in, hand in, bring in, drp in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
    动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点:
    1.根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。
    (I)动词+副词(不及物)
    Harry turned up after the party when everyne had left. 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。
    (2)动词+副词(及物)
    Please turn every light in the huse ff. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
    注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如:She turned ff all the lights which had been left n.
    她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:She gave them away.
    她送掉了它们。
    (3)动词+介词(及物)
    I'm lking fr my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
    注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:She's gt mre wrk than she can cpe with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。
    (4)动词+副词+介词
    I lk frward t seeing yu sn. 我盼望不久就见到你。
    注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way bth grain and vegetable can be well lked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
    2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
    (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①hear frm收到…的来信,hear f听说。 ②lk after照料,lk at看,lk fr寻找。
    (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①ring back回电话, ring ff挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put n穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。
    (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:lk fr寻找, call fr去取(某物),去接(某人), ask fr请求, wait fr等候, send fr派人去叫。
    (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:①break ut发生,爆炸, carry ut进行,开展, g ut熄灭, hand ut分发, let ut放出, lk ut当心, sell ut卖完, set ut出发, take ut取出, wrk ut算出。②break dwn出毛病, cme dwn落下来, get dwn下车, take dwn取下, write dwn写下。
    常见的高频动词短语总结
    1 break
    break away 摆脱;逃跑
    break dwn (机器)出故障;中断;分解
    break int 闯入;打断;突然中断
    break ff 中断;折断;突然停止
    break ut 突然发生;爆发
    break thrugh 突破;克服;挣脱而出
    break up 打碎;中断;分解
    break in 破门而入;打断(谈话);插嘴
    2 bring
    bring abut 引起;造成
    bring dwn 使倒下;使下降;使受挫折
    bring frward 提出;提前(=put frward)
    bring int peratin实施;使生效
    bring ut 显示出来;出版;生产
    bring up 提出;教育;培养;吐出
    bring back 把---送回;使想起;恢复
    bring in 引进;挣得
    3 call
    call fr 需要;要求;邀请
    call ff 取消;停止
    call n 拜访;看望;号召
    call up 打电话;使人想起;召集
    call at 访问
    call in 请来;召集
    call back 回电话;召回
    4 cme
    cme abut 发生
    cme acrss 偶遇;碰到;讲清楚
    cme alng 进展;成功;一道走
    cme int effect 生效
    cme ff 发生;举行;成功
    cme n 快点;走吧;有进展
    cme ut 出来;结果是出版
    cme rund/arund再现;恢复知觉;改变看法
    cme thrugh 经历;获得成功
    cme t 苏醒;达到;总数为
    cme up 发生;走上前去;(时间)快到
    cme up t 达到(高度、程度);符合
    cme up against 碰到(困难)
    cme up with 赶上;提出
    cme back 回来;反驳
    cme true 变为现实
    5 cut
    cut acrss 绕劲道穿过;超越;遮住
    cut back 削减;终止;急忙返回
    cut dwn 削减;减少
    cut in 插嘴;打断;突然出来
    cut ff 切断;中断;隔绝
    cut ut 删掉;戒掉
    cut shrt 中断;打断;缩短
    6 carry
    carry n 继续;坚持
    carry ut 执行;实施
    carry thrugh 帮助度过难关;完成;实现
    7 die
    die away 渐弱
    die dwn 熄灭;平静下来
    die f 因----(病)死亡
    die frm 因----(外部原因)死亡
    die ut 灭绝;绝种
    be dying t d sth. 迫切想做某事
    8 give
    give away 赠送;颁发;泄露;告发;失去
    give ut 分发;公布;公开;用完(vi);耗尽(vi)
    give ff 发出;放出
    give up 放弃;自首;将-----交给某人(t sb.);对某人不报希望(n sb.)
    give in 屈服;投降;让步;上交;呈交
    9 g
    g alng 进展;陪同前往
    g by 时间过去;经过;遵守
    g dwn 下降;下沉;下跌
    g fr 去;选择;想要;攻击(用语言)
    g in fr 从事;爱好;参加(选拔赛、考试等)
    g int 研究;调查,从事
    g ff 离开;爆炸;食品变坏;断电;熄灭;(与副词连用或用于疑问句)进行;发生
    g n 继续进行;发生;上场
    g ut 离开;熄灭;过时
    g ver 浏览;仔细查看;检查;审查
    g thrugh 通过;经历(苦难);仔细检查
    g up 上升;增长;涨价
    10 get
    get thrugh 浏览;翻阅;经历困难(痛苦);做完某事
    get in 收割;收获;收集;购买;买进;插话
    get ver 克服;战胜;熬过;做完;结束;走完
    get n 继续;进行;上车
    get rund 传播;散播;说服某人;回避;避开
    get abut 四处走动;传开
    get acrss 传达;使---让人理解
    get alng/n (with) 进展;相处
    get dwn 记下;下来;下车;使---人忧愁
    get dwn t(介词) 开始认真干
    get back 恢复;回来;收回
    get ut 泄露;逃离
    get tighter 聚会;收集
    11 hld
    hld back 阻碍;阻止;控制;抑制;隐瞒;保留;犹豫不决
    hld up 举起;抬起;拿起;支撑;耽搁;使停顿;拦劫;抢劫;举出,提出
    hld ut 维持;坚持;伸出;拿出
    hld ff 拖延;延迟
    12 keep
    keep away(frm) 使远离
    keep back 扣除,保留;隐瞒
    keep ff 避开;不接近
    keep n 继续
    keep ut 挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近
    keep up 保持,不低落;持续,继续
    keep up with 跟上
    13 lk
    lk after 照顾;关心
    lk ut 看;当心;查阅;观察
    lk back 回头看;回顾
    lk dwn n/upn轻视;看不起
    lk fr 寻找;寻求;期望
    lk frward t 盼望;期待
    lk in 顺便看望;顺便拜访
    lk int 调查,深入了解
    lk n 观看; 旁观
    lk ver 翻阅;浏览
    lk thrugh 浏览;详细调查
    lk up 查阅;查出
    14 make
    make fr 向----前进,快速走向
    make ut 理解,领悟;辨认出,写出
    make up 组成,占----比例;弥补,补偿;捏造
    make up fr 弥补,补偿
    make up f 由---组成;包含有
    15 pick
    pick ut 挑出;分辨出;区别出
    pick up 拿起;捡起;收拾;偶然获得,学会,接收(节目);(开车)去接;(顺便)捎带
    16 put
    put acrss 解释清楚;使人接受
    put aside 放在一边;储存;保留
    put away 放好;收好
    put dwn 写下;记下;镇压
    put frward 提出;推荐;把---提前
    put in 伸进;提出;提交;申请,请求
    put in fr 申请;正式要求
    put ff 延期;推迟;关掉;阻止,妨碍
    put n 穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重)
    put ut 熄灭;关灯;生产出,出版
    put up 举起;修建;提供
    put up with 忍受;容忍
    put thrugh (把电话)接通;做完;向—传达,提出(t sb.);使经受—的考验
    17 send
    send away 送走;解雇
    send fr 派人去请
    send ut 发送;长出;发出(光、信号等)
    send up 上升;发射
    18 set
    set abut 开始做,着手
    set apart 使分离;使显得突出
    set aside 留出;拨出
    set back 推迟,阻碍;使花费
    set dwn 记下,写下
    set ff 动身出发;引起;使爆炸(cause t explde)
    set ut 动身出发;引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式
    set up 建立;创立;引起
    19 take
    take after 与----相似
    take apart 拆卸(机器)
    take away 拿走;时离开;消除(病痛等)
    take dwn 记下来;拆掉
    take fr (错)当作;(误)认为
    take in 吸收;接受;领会;欺骗
    take ff 起飞;匆匆离去;脱下
    take n 呈现;采纳;承担,从事
    take ne’s time 不要着急,慢慢地做
    take ver 接收,接管,取代
    take t 喜欢;养成---的习惯
    take up 占据,占(时间、空间);开始从事
    20 turn
    turn dwn 关小,调低,拒绝
    turn ff 关上/掉;转向;(使某人感到厌烦)
    turn ut 关(灯);制造;结果是;原来是;培养
    turn ver (使)翻转/身;移交;周转;仔细考虑
    turn t 求助于;(使)转向;(把注意力等)转向;翻书到
    turn up 开大;被发现,被找到;到达;露面
    考点一 在语境中考查动词词义(关注得体性)
    1. (2024·北京卷)
    I entered the rm and the teachers made me say sme lines frm the musical. They then ___5___ my singing skills and asked what rle I wanted t play. The teachers were smiling and praising me.
    Sn, the cast list was ___7___. My friends checked and came back shuting, “Amy, yu gt the main rle! ” Sure enugh, my name was at the tp. I just stared at it and started t ___8___. I was s happy.
    After tw mnths we were all prepared and ready t g n stage. It was fun. And when peple started ___9___, that gave me a bst f cnfidence.
    5. A. advertisedB. testedC. challengedD. plished
    7. A. tradedB. pstedC. questinedD. claimed
    9. A. whisperingB. arguingC. clappingD. stretching
    2.(2023·北京卷) Being new t the schl made me even 24 , s it was surprising I’d 25 t anyne arund me. Nw I was paying the price — t write a five-page essay n “Why I Shuld Nt Talk in Class”. That wuld take all night!
    After I gt hme, thugh. I tk my time petting the cat-pstpning the pain.
    When I finally sat dwn t 26 , I began with the reasns Ms. Black wuld want t hear.
    Talking kept me and my neighburs frm 27 .
    But when mum gt hme frm wrk, I was still 29 , “Five pages! That’s impssible!”
    The next day, when Ms. Black read the essay t the class, everyne laughed. I culd 32 they weren’t making fun f me: they laughed because I had the pwer t tell a funny stry.
    25.A.ndB.pintC.listenD.chat
    26.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read
    27.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing
    29.A.celebratingB.lngingC.cmplainingD.warning
    32.A.hpeB.imagineC.tellD.predict
    考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义
    1. (2024·北京卷) I just stared at it and started t ___8___. I was s happy.
    A. well upB. rll inC. stand utD. g ff
    2. (2023·北京卷)When I gt ut, peple wuld say, “She used t talk in class.” The pages began 28 .
    A.standing utB.flying byC.breaking upD.checking in
    1.动词与其他词类的相互转换:变动词的前缀和后缀
    (1)前缀en-
    able→enable使能够large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实;使丰富danger→endanger危及
    curage→encurage鼓励
    (2)后缀-en
    【高频再现】brad→braden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽shrt→shrten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬sft→sften使缓和;使变柔软damp→dampen抑制;使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁
    (3)后缀-ify
    class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。
    (4)后缀-ize
    【易错提醒】aplgy→aplgize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memry→memrize记住real→realize认识到;实现mdern→mdernize使现代化。
    2.常考的动词熟词生意
    1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度;知名度
    (2024新课标II卷语法填空) Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal visibility.
    2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜
    (2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
    3. intrduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
    (2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This infrmative walk led by Richard Smyth intrduces yu t the basic principles f phtgraphy in the wild.
    4. leaf 熟义:叶,叶子;纸页,书页 【生义】翻页
    (2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf thrugh with my fingers
    5. riginal【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的
    (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
    6. pse【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
    7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章,报道
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
    8. pint【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
    (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI — the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders — s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it.
    9. pwer【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
    (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI ...
    10. prmise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望;有……的可能
    (2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With envirnmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk prmises t be an infrmative tur.
    11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品;出版物
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
    12. prperty【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质,特性
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties.
    13. rle【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print.
    14. rll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
    (2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just tw minutes t spare we rlled int the bus statin.
    15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.
    16. sensitive 熟义:敏感的 【生义】易受影响的;需保护的
    (2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species.
    17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开;不做
    (2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur.
    18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面;方面
    (2024新课标II卷七选五) Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place.
    19. sleep 熟义:睡眠 生义:死,长眠
    (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared t put him t sleep.
    20. slwer【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的
    (2024新课标II卷七选五)Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
    21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理;应对
    (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
    22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求;呼吁
    (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest.
    23. chief熟义:最重要的;首要的;主要的【生义】首席的
    (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit
    24. clsely【熟义】adv.紧密地,密切地【生义】adv.仔细地
    (2024全国甲卷完形填空)She wuld sit quietly at the far end f the lng dinner table, listening clsely.
    25. cnditin【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病
    (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin.
    26. cver【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及,处理③v.走完(一段路程)
    ①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jnsn began writing abut sprts as a secnd year student at the University f Clrad, cvering high schl vlleyball games fr his hmetwn newspaper.
    ②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material?
    ③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.
    27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
    (2024新课标II卷七选五) G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.
    28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
    (2024新课标I卷完形填空) I gt a gd bike and rde a lt. I dreamed f entering cycle races until I flew t San Dieg t visit my sister.
    29. favr【熟义】n.帮助;恩惠【生义】v.偏袒,特别照顾
    (2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where bys were favred much mre than girls, my grandma had t stay at hme t d husewrk.
    30. favrite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西
    (2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included mdern Western favrites such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
    31. slid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的
    (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
    32. tell【熟义】v.告诉;告知【生义】v.辨别,识别
    (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn’t usually like.
    33. thrw【熟义】v.投;掷;抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
    (2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Thrwing
    34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
    (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.
    35. gegraphy【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局
    (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages.
    3.常考的完形填空动词词汇
    arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断;打扰;中断;阻碍matter v.关系;要紧judge判断; knw知道;熟悉,了解cause引起; bserve观察; ride骑;漂浮; strike打击reasn推理; talk谈话; cmpete竞争; train培训help帮助; understand理解defeat打败; please使高兴; respect尊敬; assist帮助frce强迫; transfrm转换;改造;彻底改变; persuade劝说;put放。shine照耀;发光;fly飞行; dance跳舞;scre得分view看待;appear出现; matter重要fllw跟随; rganize组织; watch观看; lead带领;领先clarify分类; defend打败; win赢得; demand要求prve证明; happen碰巧; shw展示wait等待;ffer提供、主动提出; hurry匆忙; fail失败feed喂养; fllw跟随;change改变;lad装载call打电话; jin加入; leave离开 serve服务return返回; fight打仗; fly飞; agree同意
    1. (2024·北京大兴·三模)It was rush hur in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. White, 38, was driving hme. He nticed a gray Nissan fur-dr pickup n the ppsite side f the tw-lane street. It was hard t 1 , since it was turning sharply and careening int the curb (路缘) .
    As the pickup drew clser, White gt a gd lk at the 2 : the driver appeared t be asleep. Pretty sn, this guy's ging t crash int a huse, White thught. While many peple wuld have 3 driving, that's nt hw White because f his permanent instinct t help ut. He had t stp that vehicle.
    White busted a U-turn and was nw facing in the same directin as the pickup, but there were fur cars 4 them. Trapped, White pulled his car ver, jumped ut and ran arund t the driver's side. The windw was dwn n this 5 autumn day. White grabbed the frame f the windw—his legs mving in step with the pickup—and with a mighty heave, leaped in.
    White was nw inside the cab f the truck, waist deep, his legs dangling ut the windw. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-ld Tdd DeAngelis, was just 6 enugh t be shcked by the sight f a stranger sprawled acrss his stmach, and he let ut a yelp.
    White wrked quickly. They were cming up t a busy intersectin, he recalls, “s I was trying t stp anything befre it happened.” He 7 the pickup int park, causing it t jlt t a stp. He 8 himself frm the truck windw the same way he came in.
    Frm utside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “N,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was 9 facing dangerusly lw bld sugar.
    “I'm always trying t help, where I can, when I can, ” White says.
    But jumping int a mving vehicle t prevent a crash? White admits this was new 10 .
    1.A.missB.recgnizeC.seekD.realize
    2.A.directinB.prblemC.streetD.pickup
    3.A.carried utB.given upC.kept nD.taken ver
    4.A.prhibitingB.vertakingC.separatingD.fllwing
    5.A.burningB.clingC.warmD.temperate
    6.A.calmB.anxiusC.desperateD.cnscius
    7.A.frcedB.wheeledC.urgedD.led
    8.A.ejectedB.landedC.releasedD.escaped
    9.A.regularlyB.speciallyC.cnstantlyD.unexpectedly
    10.A.causeB.challengeC.apprachD.territry
    2.(23-24高三上·北京·期中)Sprts are imprtant in ur family. Bth f ur sns were high-schl athletes. S, I shuldn’t have been 1 when Lauren annunced she was ging ut fr the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Dwn syndrme(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never tld Lauren that she was 2 . We treated her like ur ther children. We didn’t want her t feel disabled.
    “I’m gnna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran t meet me when I came in frm wrk. She flew int my arms and lingered lng in my embrace. “That’s 3 , hney,” I patted her shulder and walked int the kitchen. My wife spke slwly, her tne steady. “What Lauren’s trying t say is that she’s jining the girls’ high-schl basketball team.” Her wrds 4 in. Everything that culd happen flashed thrugh my mind. But what culd we d?
    Mid-Nvember, the seasn’s first basketball game arrived. It gt ff t a gd start, but sn Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren 5 fllwed the mvement n the curt and reacted t every sht. Even thugh she wasn’t playing, she lked as if she were having the time f her life.
    Just less than tw minutes were left, and Verden was dwn by seventeen pints when Lauren was called in fr the game! She 6 the thers fairly well. Frm her agile mvement and eager expressin, I knew she was desperate t scre fr her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She 7 it. She sht. She scred! A few minutes later, Lauren jined us in the stands. “Did yu see? I scred! I made a 8 !”
    Fr sixteen years, I’d tried hard t 9 Lauren frm feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—nt physically r emtinally, but 10 .
    1.A.disappintedB.surprisedC.depressedD.embarrassed
    2.A.nrmalB.rdinaryC.differentD.typical
    3.A.awfulB.strangeC.hardD.nice
    4.A.sankB.puredC.cameD.kicked
    5.A.frequentlyB.carelesslyC.attentivelyD.repeatedly
    6.A.kept pace withB.gave way tC.put up withD.brke away frm
    7.A.threwB.missedC.castD.caught
    8.A.mistakeB.recrdC.messD.basket
    9.A.excuseB.shelterC.discurageD.prhibit
    10.A.cnsciuslyB.spirituallyC.literallyD.scially
    考点
    目标要求
    考题统计及展示
    考情分析
    在语境中考查动词词义(关注得体性)
    熟练掌握①动词的基本词义;②通过语境选择恰当的动词
    (2024·北京卷)5.A. advertised为……做广告;B. tested测验;C. challenged对……怀疑;D. plished润色;7.A. traded交易;B. psted张贴;C. questined询问;D. claimed宣称;9. A. whispering耳语;B. arguing争吵;C. clapping鼓掌;D. stretching伸展;
    (2023·北京卷)25.A. nd点头;B. pint指;C. listen听;D. chat闲聊;26.A. weep哭泣;B. rest休息;C. write写;D. read读。27. A. learning学习;B. playing玩;C. planning计划;D. laughing笑。29. A. celebrating庆祝;B. lnging渴望;C. cmplaining抱怨;D. warning警告。
    32. A. hpe希望;B. imagine想象;C. tell告诉;看出,判断出;区分;D. predict预计
    从近三年高考试题来看,试题以语法填空形式考查动词时态、语态。
    以完形填空、阅读理解的形式考查学生对有关动词及动词短语含义辨析、动词的一词多义、熟词生义等,理解词义重在理解语境。
    动词及动词短语含义辨析将出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。动词及动词短语在完形填空和阅读理解中是必考点。
    在语境中考查动词短语的含义
    熟练掌握①动词短语的含义;②通过语境选择恰当的动词短语
    (2024·北京卷)8.A. well up (情绪)迸发;B. rll in (金钱等)大量涌进;C. stand ut脱颖而出;D. g ff爆炸(2023·北京卷)28.A. standing ut突出;B. flying by飞越;飞逝;C. breaking up分手;D. checking in登记;

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