2025春学年外研新版初中英语七年级下册第二单元Unit 2 Go for it! 讲义

这是一份2025春学年外研新版初中英语七年级下册第二单元Unit 2 Go for it! 讲义，共38页。
Unit 2 Go for it!单词解析Last but not least 最后但同样重要的（一点）【用法讲解】 该短语用于在列举一系列事物或人时，表示最后一个所提到的事物或人同样重要；常常用在列举事物或表达感谢时。Eg: The author thanked the publisher, editor, and last but not least, his family in his book.作者在书中感谢了出版商、编辑、最后还感谢了同样重要的家人。Last but not least, we must thank our host for his hospitality. 最后但同样重要的是，我们得感谢主人得热情好客。【知识拓展】 Last (形容词) “最后的；上次的” (副词) “最后地” (名词) “最后”Eg: Mike was the last person to arrive. 马克是最后一个到的。last week 上周Mike arrived last. 马克最后一个到。at last 最后；最终The courses last for six weeks. 这个课程持续六周。【知识拓展】 least为little的最高级形式。【常见短语】 at least 至少 Eg: You should study for at least two hours every day. 你应该每天至少学习两个小时。 Marathon (名词) 马拉松赛跑（全程约26英里或42千米）【用法讲解】 marathon是可数名词，其复数形式为marathons。 Eg: He is running in his first marathon. 他正在跑他的第一次马拉松比赛。However (副词) 然而【用法讲解】 however作副词时可表示转折，用来连接两个独立的句子；也可表示让步，用来修饰形容词或副词，译为“无论如何”。 Eg: I’d like to go with you; however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一块去，然而，我忙不过来。However late it is, he will wait for you. 无论多晚，他都会等你。 However也可作连词，用来引导让步状语从句。 Eg: However rich people are, they always seem anxious to take more money. 无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣得更多的钱。Still (副词) 还、仍然【用法讲解】 still在作副词时用于描述某人或事持续存在或状态依旧； Eg: I still owe you a lunch. 我还欠你一顿午饭。Still也可作形容词，译为“静止的”； Eg: The lake is still today. 今天湖水十分平静。Still也可作动词，译为“使静止、平静或安静”。 Eg: The wind stilled. 风停了。 Metre (名词) （书面缩写为m）米、公尺【用法讲解】 metre也可写作meter，为可数名词，其复数形式为metres。【常见搭配】 数词 + metres “...米” Eg: The river is about 1000 metres long. 这条河大约1000米长。Line (名词) 线【用法讲解】 line为可数名词，其复数形式为lines；line作名词，也可译为“路线、队伍”等。【常见搭配】 finishing line 终点线 Stand in line 排队 A fine line 一线之隔 Line也可作动词，译为“画一条线”。 Eg: Please draw a line under the sentence. 请在这个句子下画一条线。 The next line should read: Five days, 23.5 hours. 下一行应该是：5天，23.5小时。We are standing in line. 我们正在排队。 There is a fine line between success and failure. 成功与失败只在一线之间。Please line your paper with a pencil and ruler. 请用铅笔和尺在纸上画线。Breath (名词) 呼出的气、吸入的气【派生词】 其动词形式为breathe，译为“呼吸”。【常见搭配】 Hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 Short of breath 喘不上气来 Out of breath 气喘吁吁地 Take a deep breath 深吸一口气 Eg: His breath smelled of garlic. 她呼吸中有大蒜味。Hold your breath and count to ten. 屏住呼吸，数到十。I am shout of breath when going upstairs. 我们上楼梯会觉得喘不过气来。We were out of breath after only five minutes. 我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。Take a deep breath and see how long you can stay underwater. 深吸一口气，看你能在水里待多久。 Would (动词) 会【用法讲解】 would可以用来表示过去将来时、假设、、推测、愿望或虚拟语气等。【知识拓展】 Would like 译为“想要”，相当于want。但would like比较礼貌委婉、正式规范；而want比较直接、非正式且随意。 常用短语：would like sth. “想要某物”；would like to do sth. “想要做某事” Eg: The boy would like some milk. “这个男孩想要一些牛奶。” She would like to go shopping with me. “她想要和我一起购物。”注意：(1)Would like中的would 为情态动词，无人称和数的变化，将含有would like的句子变为否定句时，在would后加not；变一般疑问句时将would提前。(2)在以would开头的一般疑问句中，some不需要变为any.(3) -- Would you like ...? 你想要...吗？ -- 肯定回答：Yes, please. 否定回答：No, thanks. Eg: I would like to play football. 我想要踢足球。否定句：I wouldn’t like to play football. 我不想踢足球。一般疑问句： Would you like to play football? 你想要踢足球吗？其肯定回答为：Yes, I’d love to. 是的，我想... Would you like some coffee? 你相要写咖啡吗？其否定回答为：I’d love to, but ... 我想去，但是...相关缩写：I would = I’d; She would = She’d; He would = He’d; We would = We’d; They would = They’dConfident (形容词) 有信心的、自信的【派生词】 其名词形式为confidence。【常见搭配】 be confident (in oneself) （对自己）充满信心 Be confident of ... 对...有把握 Be confident about ... 对...有信心 Eg: She is a confident woman. 她是一个自信的女人。She is confident in her ability to succeed. 她自信有能力成功。I am confident of my success. 我对成功有把握。I am confident about my future. 我对我的未来很有信心。 Stomachache (名词) 胃痛、肚子痛【用法讲解】 该词是“stomach（肚子、胃）+ ache （疼）”的合成词。【常见搭配】 have a/ an + 疾病名称 患...病【知识拓展】 “身体部分+ ache”可以用来表示“......疼”。 Eg: have a stomachache 肚子疼、胃疼Have a headache 头疼Have a toothache 牙疼Have a cough 咳嗽Have a fever 发烧Shall (动词) 要不要...？【用法讲解】 shall为助动词或情态动词，常用来表示将来时态、征求意见、命令或警告等。 表示将来时态时，shall常用于第一人称； Eg: We shall read some more books. 我们将读更多的书。 表征求意见时，shall常用于第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中； Eg: Shall we begin our lesson? 我们开始上课好吗？ 表命令、警告和允诺时，shall用于第二人称和第三人称的陈述句中。 Eg: You shall finish the job by yourself. 你得自己完成这项工作。Either (代词) （两者中的）任何一个【常见搭配】 either A or B 或者A或者B 注意：该结构作主语时，谓语动词需用临近原则。 Eg: There is a coffee or tea, you can have either. 咖啡和茶都有，你随便喝哪一种都行。It is either a boy or a girl. 不是男孩就是女孩。【知识拓展】 either作副词，可译为“也”，常常用于否定句中。【易混辨析】 Too, as well, also与either区别：Too “也”常位于肯定句句尾，前面有逗号。As well “也”常位于肯定句句尾，无逗号。Also “也”位于句中，be动词、助动词、情态动词后Either “也”位于否定句句尾。Eg: She is a student, too. = She is a student as well. = She is also a student. 她也是一名学生。She isn’t a student, either. 她也不是一名学生。Choice (名词) 选择、选择权【用法讲解】 choice为可数名词，其复数形式为choices；choice也可作形容词，译为“优质的、精选的”。【常见搭配】 make a choice 做出选择 Choose to do sth. 选择做某事【派生词】 其动词形式为choose，译为“选择”。 Eg: She had a hard time making a choice between the two options. 她很难在两个选项中做出选择。The restaurant serves the finest choice of dishes. 该餐馆提供最优质的食物。 She chose to stay at home. 她选择待在家里。Seem (动词) 看来、似乎、好像【常见搭配】 seem + 形容词 似乎... Seem (to be) + 表语 看来、好像 Seem to do sth. 似乎做、好像做 It seems that 从句 似乎... Eg: The boys seemed hungry when I saw them. 当我看到这些男孩时，他们似乎很饿。 Jenny seems (to be) a very clever girl. 珍妮看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩。 Mrs. White doesn’t seem to like the house. 怀特夫人似乎不太喜欢这个屋子。 It seems that no one has found out the reasons for the accident. 似乎没有人知道事故发生的原因。 Someone (代词) 某人、有人【用法讲解】 someone为不定代词，指代“某人”或“重要的人”。注意：1. 常用于肯定句中，不能与of连用；作主语时谓语动词需用单数；形容词在修饰不定代词时需位于不定代词之后。 Eg: Someone is at the door. 门口有人。There is someone important visiting our school tomorrow. 明天有重要的人参观我们学校。【知识拓展】 其它不定代词Neither (代词) 两者都不（的）；两者中无一的【易混辨析】 both, either和neither相同点：均用于两个人或物不同点：both指“两者都”常与and连用。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。either指“两者中的任意一个”，通常与or连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。neither指“两者中没有一个（全否定）”通常与nor连用。做主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America. 丽丽和露西都来自美国。Either tea or coffee is OK. 或者茶或者咖啡都可以。Neither tea nor coffee is OK. 茶和咖啡都不可以。Cheer (动词) （为...）欢呼、喝彩；（为...）加油【用法讲解】 cheer也可作名词，译为“喝彩声、愉快”。【常见搭配】 cheer (sb.) up 使某人振作 Cheer on 为某人加油 Eg: Her words of encouragement cheered him up when he was feeling down.她的鼓励之词在他情绪低落时让他振作起来。The fans cheered on their favourite sports team during the game. 球迷们在比赛中为自己喜爱的运动队加油。There was a feeling of cheer in the air as people celebrated the holiday. 人们庆祝节日时，空气中弥漫着愉快的氛围。Cross (动词) 穿过、越过、跑过（终点线、小径等）【用法讲解】 cross也作名词，译为“十字形记号”；cross也可作形容词，译为“生气的”。【派生词】 cross的介词形式为across，译为“穿过、越过”，常与动词walk/ run/ go等词连用。 cross的名词形式为crossing，译为“十字路口”。【常见搭配】 cross the street = walk/ go across the street 过马路 Cross the river 过河 Eg: They are crossing the street. 他们正在过马路。She crossed the river by boat. 她乘船过了河。Don’t get cross with me, it wasn’t my fault. 不要对我生气，那不是我的错。【易混辨析】 through、across和over区别 through常常表示在空间内进行的，强调从物体内部穿过； across常常表示动作在物体表面进行的，强调从一端到另一端； Over强调方向性，不与物体表面接触，还有数量上“超过”的意思。 Eg: This train goes through to York. 这列火车直达约克。 It’s too wide. We can’t swim across. 这太宽了，我们游不过去。The car skidded off the road and rolled over and over. 汽车滑出路面不断翻滚。Lifelong (形容词) 终身的、毕生的【用法讲解】 lifelong在句中常位于名词前作定语。【常见搭配】 lifelong friend 终生的朋友 Lifelong friendship 终生的友谊 Lifelong passion 终生的热情 Eg: He has a lifelong passion for painting. 他对绘画有着终生的热情。Their lifelong friendship is unbreakable. 他们一辈子的友谊坚不可摧。Dream (名词) 梦想、愿望、理想【用法讲解】 dream还可作动词，译为“做梦”。【常见搭配】 have a dream 做梦 Dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事 Dream that 从句 梦见... Eg: It’s my dream to travel around the world. 我的梦想是环游世界。I had a dream about you last night. 我昨晚梦见你了。He dreams a lot of strange things. 她梦想去欧洲旅行。She dreams of visiting Paris. 她梦想去巴黎。I dreamed that I flew like a bird. 我梦见自己像鸟一样飞翔。Past (副词) 经过【用法讲解】 past可作介词，译为“经过、迟于、远于、超出”； Eg: They went past the bookstore. 他们从书店经过。Dancing was kept up till past two. 舞会一直开到两点以后。The hospital is about a mile past the school. 医院在离学校一英里以外的地方。It is past my ability. 这是我力所不及的。Past也可作名词，译为“过去、昔日”；Eg: The past is past. Let’s look ahead. 过去的事已成过去，让我们向前看吧。Past也可作形容词，译为“过去的、前任的”。Eg: These things happened in the past years. 这些事情发生在过去的年代里。 He is the past vice - president. 他就是前任副总裁。【派生词】 past的动词形式为pass，译为“传递、经过”。【常见搭配】 pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth. 递给某人某物 In the past 在过去 Eg: Please pass me the book. = Please pass the book to me. 请把那本书递给我。 I’ve been there many times in the past. 我从前去过那儿很多次。Record (名词) 记录、记载【用法讲解】 record也可作动词，译为“记录、录音”。【常见搭配】 keep a record of ... 记录某事 Break a record 打破记录 Set a record 创造记录 Hold a record 保持记录 Eg: He broke the world record for the longest jump. 他打破了跳远的世界记录。She set a new national record for the 100-meter-race. 她创造了一个100米比赛新的全国记录。We should record the events of the past. 我们应该记录过去的事件。None (代词) 全无、没有一点【易混辨析】 none，no one和nothing的区别 No one表示“没有一个人”，只可用来指人，不能与of连用，回答who的问句；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 None即可表示没有人，也可表示没有物，常与of连用，回答用how many/how much的问句。 Nothing只可表示“没有物”，不可加of，回答what的问句；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Eg: -- Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？-- No one. 没有人。No one knows the answer. 没有人知道答案。None of us have been to Macao. 我们没有一个人去过澳门。I have nothing to say. 我没什么可说的。Member (名词) 成员【用法讲解】 member为可数名词，其复数形式为members。【常见搭配】 a member of ... 一名...的成员 Eg: He is a member of our school football. 他事我们校足球队的一员。Moment (名词) 某一时刻【用法讲解】 moment作名词，也可译为“片刻、时机”等。【常见搭配】 at the moment 此刻、目前 For the moment 暂时 Wait a moment. 稍等一会。 Eg: They knew he enjoyed every moment. 他们知道他享受着每一刻。We are busy at the moment. 我们目前很忙。She is out, so you may use her typewriter for the moment. 她出去了，你可以暂时使用她的打字机。 If (连词) 假若、要是、如果【用法讲解】 if为连词，译为“如果”，常常用来引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。Eg: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。if也可以译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定。Eg: I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否下雨。Possible (形容词) 可能的、可能做到的、可能实现的【常见搭配】 as ... as possible 尽可能 If possible 如果可能 It is possible to do sth. 做某事是有可能的【派生词】 反义词：impossible译为“不可能的” 副词形式为possibly，译为“可能地” 名词形式为possibility，译为“可能性”。 Eg: There are possible solutions to this problem. 这个问题可能有解决方案。It is possible to finish the work in two days. 两天内完成这项工作是有可能的。He tries to run as fast as possible. 他尽可能快跑。I need to see you, right away if possible. 我要见你，如果可能，马上。Don’t ask me to do impossible things. 别叫我作不可能的事。I can't possibly tell you that! 我绝不会把那件事告诉你的！There is a strong possibility that we’ll lose the game. 我们很有可能输掉比赛。Purpose (名词) 目的、意图【用法讲解】 purpose在表示“目的、用途”等意时为可数名词；purpose在表示“意志、决心”时为不可数名词。【常见搭配】 the purpose of ... ...的目的 On purpose 故意（地）；有意（地） Eg: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss our future plans. 这次会议的目的是讨论我们的未来计划。He broke the vase on purpose. 他故意打破了花瓶。 Raise (动词) 筹集、筹募【用法讲解】 raise作动词时，也可译为“举起、提高、抚养、提出”等意。【常见搭配】 raise one’s hand 举手 Raise money 筹集资金 Eg: Please raise your glass and toast to our success. 请举杯为我们的成功干杯。We are trying to raise money for the animals in danger. 我们正在为濒危动物筹集资金。Please raise your hand if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题请举手。She was raised in a small town in the countryside. 她在乡下一个小镇长大。He raised an important issue during the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一个重要问题。【易混辨析】 rise, arise与raise区别： Rise (动词)“上升”表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。 Arise (动词)“起身”主语发出的动作，作用到其它事物。 raise (动词)“举起” 表示把具体事物举到高处。 Eg: The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。 He arises to greet her. 他起身向她问候。 He raises his hand to answer questions. 他举手回答问题。 Charity (名词) 慈善事业【用法讲解】 charity为可数名词，其复数形式为charities。【派生词】 其形容词形式为 charitable，译为“慷慨的、仁慈的”。【常见搭配】 charity work 慈善工作 Charity event 慈善活动 Out of charity 出于仁慈 Charity for the needy 施舍穷人 Charity to all men 博爱 Eg: Charity begins at home. 仁爱始于家。The charity does a lot of good. 这家慈善机构做了很多善事。She likes to take part in the charitable activities. 她喜欢参加慈善活动。 Encourage (动词) 鼓励、激励【常见搭配】 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事【派生词】 其名词形式为encouragement，译为“鼓励” Eg: I have always encouraged him. 我一直鼓励他。My parents always encourage me to follow my dreams. 我的父母总是鼓励我追随自己的梦想。She was given every encouragement to try something new. 她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。Teach (动词) 教【用法讲解】 teach的过去式为taught，过去分词为taught。【常见搭配】 teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 Teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 Teach a lesson 教训 Teach oneself 自学 Eg: Jack often teaches me English. 杰克经常教我英语。My brother usually teaches me to swim on weekend afternoons. 我哥哥通常周末下午教我游泳。The failure taught him a valuable lesson about perseverance. 这次失败让他明白坚持的重要教训。He taught himself how to program computers. 他自学了如何编程电脑。Note (名词) 笔记【用法讲解】 note作名词还可译为“便条、音符、纸币”等，其为可数名词，其复数形式为notes；note也可作动词，译为“注意、记录”等。【常见搭配】 take notes 记笔记 Make a note of sth. 把某事记下来 Leave a note 留一张便条 Eg: She often takes notes carefully in class. 她经常在课堂上认真记笔记。He left a note on the fridge saying he would be home late. 他在冰箱上留了便条说他晚点回家。The song started with a high note. 这首歌曲以高音开始。He paid with a ten - pound note. 他用十英镑付款。Please note that the office will be closed on Friday. 请注意周五这个办公室将关闭。I shall make a note of your statement. 我们将把你的发言记录下来。 During (介词) 在...期间【常见搭配】 during the time of ... 在这段时间里 During the period ... 在...期间 Eg:She studied abroad during the time of graduation. 她毕业这段时间里出国留学。 They had their vacation during the period June to August. 在六月到八月期间他们在度假。【易混辨析】 during与in区别 during强调事件的延续性，常表示某个特定时间段内的持续动作或状态，常常与表示行为要持续一段时间的名词连用，如“meal、stay”等； In为一般时间段，不强调时间的延续性。 Eg: Don’t speak during the meal. 吃饭期间不许说话。（食不言） I’ll be on holiday in August. 我八月份将去度假。 Consider (动词) 考虑、细想【用法讲解】 consider后面常接名词、代词、动名词或“how/what等+动词不定式”或宾语从句。 Eg: Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time? 你认为我们能提前完成这个项目吗？ He has never considered how to solve the problem. 他从考虑过如何解决这个问题。【派生词】 其名词形式为consideration，译为“考虑”。【常见搭配】 consider dong sth. 考虑做某事 Consider sb./ sth as sth. 把某人/某物视为某种身份或特质 Take into consideration 在做决定时将某事纳入考虑范围 Eg: I’m considering changing my job. 我正在考虑换工作。She considers herself as a leader. 她把自己视作一个领导者。We must take his experience into consideration. 我们必须考虑到他的经验。Both (代词) 两者、双方、两个都【用法讲解】 both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 both作主语时，常与名词或代词连用； Eg: Both Tom and Jerry are cartoon characters. 汤姆和杰瑞都是卡通人物。 Both作宾语时，常放在动词之后； Eg:I like both pizza and pasta. 我喜欢披萨和意大利面。 both作定语时，可放在名词前，修饰复数名词，表示“两个都”； Eg: I have a friend who is both a doctor and a lawyer. 我有一个既是医生又是律师的朋友。 Both作同位语时，放在be动词或行为动词之前。 Eg: They are both from Australia. 他们两人都是澳大利亚人。【常见搭配】 both A and B 两者都 Both of ... ...两个 Eg: She can speak both English and French. 她即会说英语也会说法语。 Both of them are not right. 两者都不是正确的。Sink (动词) 下沉、沉没【用法讲解】 sink作动词时，译为“坐下、降低、挖掘”等；sink也可作名词，译为“水槽”；其过去式为sank，其过去分词为sunk。 Eg: The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. 船沉入海底。She sank back into her seat. 她又坐回椅子上。The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar. 英镑比美元的比价降到了有史以来最低水平。He sank a well in the field. 他在田野里挖了一口井。Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink. 别把赃盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了。【常见搭配】 sink in 渗透、理解 Sink or swim 自救、自生自灭、成败完全靠自己 Eg: The news finally sank in. 消息终于渗透进来。 This time he’ll sink or swim. 这回对他将是成败在此一举了。【派生词】 sinkable为形容词，译为“可沉没的”； Sinking为形容词，译为“下沉的”； Eg: The sinking of tanker has made aspects of marine pollution particularly topical. 邮轮的沉没使得海洋污染的方方面面都成为眼下大家尤为关注的热门话题。As (介词) 在某一年龄段时【用法讲解】 as作介词还可译为“作为、像”； Eg: As a child, she was sent to six different schools. 在孩童时，她杯送到6所不同学校。 As a teacher, she must look after every students. 作为一名老师，她必须照顾每个学生。 as还可作副词，译为“同样地”； Eg: It is as bright as daylight in the great hall. 大厅里亮得如同白昼。 as还可作连词，译为“当...时候”。 Eg: As darkness closed about them, they decided to return home. 当夜幕降临时，他们决定回家。【常见搭配】 as soon as... 一...就... As 形容词 as 像...一样 Eg: I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到那就给你打电话。 Math is as important as English. 数学像英语一样重要。Surfer (名词) 冲浪者【用法讲解】 surfer为可数名词，其复数形式为surfers。【派生词】 surf为动词，译为“冲浪”。 Eg: The surfers were riding in towards the beach on the crests of the waves. 冲浪者们顺着浪头冲向岸边。【常见搭配】 surf the Internet 上网冲浪 Eg: Surfing the Internet is fun, but it’s also a time waster. 上网很有意思，但也很浪费时间。 Shark (名词) 鲨鱼【用法讲解】 shark为可数名词，其复数形式为sharks。 Eg: I saw a shark in the aquarium. It was huge and scary. 我在水族馆看到了一条鲨鱼。它又大有吓人。Attack (动词) 袭击、殴打、破坏【用法讲解】 attack还可作名词，译为“攻击、进攻”。 Eg: The army attacked the town at dawn. 军队在拂晓时向这座城发动攻击。The article received a lot of criticism for its attack on the government. 这篇文章因对政府的攻击而收到很多批评。【常见搭配】 attack on/ against sb./ sth. 对某人/事的攻击 Attack by/ from sb./ sth. 来自某人或某物的攻击 Under attack 受到攻击 Eg: They launched a frontal attack on company directors. 他们向公司董事发起了正面攻击。 She was attacked by a shark last week. 上周她被一条鲨鱼攻击了。 The city was under attack by enemy forces for several days. 这座城市被敌军攻击了好几天。【派生词】 attacker为名词，译为“攻击者”。 Eg: The police have so far failed to track down the attacker. 警方至今未能追捕到攻击者。Nearly (副词) 几乎、差不多、将近【派生词】 near为形容词，译为“附近的” Eg: Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table. 不要把那只玻璃杯放在离桌子的边缘。【用法讲解】 nearly在句中位于动词前，表示动作的近似完成； Eg: She nearly missed the train. 她差点错过了火车。 nearly在句中位于形容词前，表示程度的接近； Eg: I was nearly asleep. 我快睡着了。 nearly在句中位于名词前，表示数量的接近。 Eg: Nearly half of the population is under 30 years old. 近一半的人口在30岁一下。【易混辨析】 nearly和almost区别 nearly表示接近但未达到完成的程度； Almost表示接近，但更强调接近完成的状态。 Eg: He very nearly died. 他差点死了。He almost cried. 他差点哭出来。Die (动词) 死去、死亡【常见搭配】 die from 死于（外部原因） Die of 死于（内部原因） Die for ... 为...而死 Die out 灭绝 Die away 逐渐消失 Eg: He died from a heart attack. 他死于心脏病。She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。Many soldiers died for their country. 许多士兵为国捐躯。Many species are dying out due to habitat loss. 许多物种因栖息地丧失而灭绝。The sound of the waves died away as we waled further into the forest.随着我们走进森林，海浪的声音逐渐消失了。【易混辨析】 die、dead、dying、death区别 die为动词，译为“死亡”； Dead为形容词，译为“已故的、死的”； dying为形容词，译为“奄奄一息的”； death为名词，译为“死亡”。 Eg: His father died last year. 他的父亲去年去世了。The cat is dead. 猫死了。A dying man is lying on the street. 一个奄奄一息的人躺在街上。His mother’s death was a great shock to him. 他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。 Competition (名词) 比赛【用法讲解】 competition为可数名词，其复数形式为competitions；但当competition译为“竞争”时，为不可数名词。 Eg: There are usually some competitions on weekends. 周末通常有一些比赛。We are in competition with four other companies. 我们与其它四家公司竞争。【常见搭配】 competition between/ with sb./ sth. 与某人/某物之间的竞争 Competition for sth. 为了某事的竞争 Eg: The competition for the new job was intense. 对新工作的竞争非常激烈。【派生词】 competitor为名词，译为“竞争者”。 competitive为形容词，译为“竞争的”。 Eg: Over 200 competitors entered the race. 200多名竞争者参加了比赛。 Some kinds of business are competitive. 有些商业是要竞争的Compare (动词) 相比较、可媲美【常见搭配】 compare A with B 把A与B进行比较 Compare A to B 把A比作B Compare to/ with ... 与...相比 Eg: Parents shouldn’t compare their children with others. 父母不应该把他们的孩子和其他孩子进行比较。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。 Compared with/ to him, I’m just a beginner. 和他相比，我就是个初学者。 Achievement (名词) 成绩、成就【用法讲解】 achievement在指具体的成就或成绩时为可数名词，其复数形式为achievements；在指完成或达到的过程时，为不可数名词。 Eg: The scientist was awarded for her outstanding achievements in medicine. 这位科学家因其在医学方面的杰出成就而获奖。【常见搭配】 sense of achievement 成就感 Eg: I felt a great sense of achievement when I reached the top of the mountain.当我到达山顶的时候，我有一种巨大的成就感。【派生词】 achieve为动词形式，译为“完成、达到”。 Eg: They had achieved a lot in a short space of time. 他们在短时间内取得了很大的成绩。 Surfboard (名词) 冲浪板【用法讲解】 surfboard为可数名词，其复数形式为surfboards。 Eg: He grabbed a surfboard and rushed into the ocean. 他抓了一个冲浪板就冲入了大海。Ride (动词) 漂浮【用法讲解】 ride作动词还可译为“骑、乘坐”；ride也可作名词，译为“骑乘”。 Eg: The ship rides close to the shore. 船在近岸漂浮。He rode a bike to the park. 他骑自行车去公园。We rode the bus to the city. 我们乘坐公交车去城市。We went for a bike ride yesterday. 我们昨天去骑自行车了。【常见搭配】 ride a horse/ bike/ motorcycle 骑马/自行车/摩托车 Give sb. a ride 载某人一程 Eg: He gave me a ride to the station. 他载了我一程去车站。【派生词】 rider为名词，译为“骑行者”。 Eg: She was a good rider. 她是个好骑手。Lover (名词) 爱好者【用法讲解】 lover为可数名词，其复数形式为lovers。【常见搭配】 a lover of ... ...的爱好者 Eg: He is a lover of music. 他是音乐的爱好者。【派生词】 love为动词，译为“爱”。 Eg: She loves to reading books. 她爱读书。Gold (形容词) 金质的【用法讲解】 gold作形容词还可译为“金色的”；gold也可作名词，译为“黄金、财富”等；gold译为“黄金”时为不可数名词。【常见搭配】 gold medal 金牌 Gold coins 金币 Gold hair 金色的头发 Gold watch 金表 Gold age 黄金时代 A bag of gold 一袋黄金 Eg: The man with gold watch is Mr. Wang. 带金表的男人是王先生。There is a bag of gold under the ground. 地里有一袋黄金。【派生词】 golden为形容词，译为“金色的”。 Eg: The golden light gilded the sea. 金色的阳光使大海如金子般闪闪发光。 Medal (名词) 奖牌、勋章【用法讲解】 medal为可数名词，其复数形式为medals。【常见搭配】 gold medal 金牌 Silver medal 银牌 Bronze medal 铜牌 Eg: She won a gold medal in the Olympics. 她在奥运会上赢得了一枚金牌。Fit (形容词) 健壮的、健康的【用法讲解】 fit可作名词，译为“适合”；fit还可作动词，译为“使适合、合身”。 Eg: This dress is a perfect fit. 这条裙子非常合身。Could you fit me up with a new bulb for my car? 请您给我的车安装一个新灯泡吗？He is fit and ready for the marathon. 他身体健康，准备参加马拉松。【常见搭配】 fit in 融入、适应 Fit the bill 满足要求 Keep fit/ healthy 保持健康 Eg: She tried to fit in with her new classmates. 她努力适应新同学的生活。 This car fits the bill for what I need. 这辆车符合我的要求。 My parents do exercise to keep fit every morning. 我父母每天早上做运动为了保持健康。【派生词】 fitness为名词，译为“健康”。 Eg: Health and fitness have become big business. 保健已经成为大生意。Final (名词) 决赛【用法讲解】 finial为不可数名词，在句中常位于名词前作定语；final还可作形容词，译为“最后的”。 Eg: Smith and Jones met in last year’s final. 史密斯和琼斯在去年的决赛中相遇。【常见搭配】 final decision 最终决定 Final exam 期末考试 Final score 最终得分 Eg: I’m so nervous about the final exam next week. 我对下周的期末考试感到非常紧张。【派生词】 finally为副词，译为“最后、终于”。 Eg: Finally, they succeeded in finishing the work on time. 最后，他们终于按时完成工作。Team (名词) （游戏或体育比赛的）队【用法讲解】 team为可数名词，其复数形式为teams；team也可作动词，译为“协作、合作”。 Eg: We are in the same football team. 我们在同一个足球队。 They teamed up to complete the project. 他们合作完成了这个项目。【常见搭配】 national team 国家队 Team work 团队合作 Make a soccer team 组建一支足球队 On the same team 在同一个球队 A team of ... 一组/队... Eg: Yao Ming was the star of the Chinese national team. 姚明是中国国家队明星。 Have a good sense of responsibility and team work. 具有工作责任感和团队合作精神。 Even (副词) 甚至【用法讲解】 even作副词，也可译为“更”，用来修饰比较级；even也可作形容词，译为“平坦的、偶数的”；even也可作动词，译为“使变平”。 Eg: He never even opened the letter. 他甚至没有打开新建。She gets even more beautiful. 她变得更漂亮。The ground became more even. 地面变得更加平坦。The number 4 is an even number. 4是一个偶数。The surface of the lake evened out. 湖面变得平坦了。【常见搭配】 even if/ though 即使 Eg: Even if you’re tired, you should finish your work. 即使你累了，也应该完成你的工作。Worse (形容词) (badly的比较级) 更严重地、更厉害地【用法讲解】 worse也可为名词，译为“更恶劣的情况”。 Eg: This situation is worse than the last one. 这种情况比上次更糟糕。 There’s nothing worse than going out in the cold with wet hair. 没有比在大冷天头发湿着外出更糟糕的了。【常见搭配】 go from bad to worse 每况愈下 Eg: If you let yourself down, the situation could only go from bad to worse. 如果你让自己失望了，那么这样的情况将会越来越糟。 Pay attention 认真看、仔细听、用心思考【用法讲解】 pay attention可单独使用，用来表示命令；后面也可接to + 宾语，用来表示建议或提醒。 Eg: Pay attention! 注意！【常见搭配】 pay attention to ... 注意... Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 Eg: Pay attention to the road while driving. 开车时要注意路况。Pay attention to listening carefully please. 请注意认真听讲。Continue (动词) （使）继续、（使）延续【用法讲解】 后面常接名词、动词ing或动词不定式形式；相当于go on。【常见搭配】 continue doing sth. 继续做某事（继续已经的动作） Continue to do sth. 继续做某事（开始新的动作） Eg: The earthquake continued for about two minutes. 地震持续了约两分钟。They want to continue their education. 他们想继续读书。We continued working after the break. 休息后我们继续工作。He decided to continue to play the piano. 她决定继续弹钢琴。Brave (形容词) 勇敢的、无畏的【用法讲解】 brave可作动词，译为“勇敢面对、不顾、抵抗”等；也可作名词，译为“勇敢的人”。 Eg: Firefighters are brave in saving people from burning buildings. 消防队员在救火时非常勇敢。Thousands have braved icy rain to demonstrate their support. 数千人在寒冷的天气中冒雨赶来以示他们的支持。They braved the bitter cold to complete the railway. 他们不顾严寒完成了这条铁路。He was as brave as a lion. 他勇猛如雄狮。【派生词】 bravely为副词，译为“勇敢地”。 Eg: He fought bravely in the midst of the battle. 他在那次战役中奋勇作战。Action (名词) 行为【用法讲解】 action在表示具体的行动、行为时为可数名词，其复数形式为actions；在表示抽象的概念或状态时为不可数名词。 Eg: The police are investigating several actions in connection with the robbery. 警方正在调查与抢劫案有关的几起行动。 There was a lack of action on the part of the authorities. 当局在行动上存在缺失。【常见搭配】 in action 在行动中 Out of action 失去作用 Take action 采取行动 Eg: The machine is now in action . 机器正在运转。The engine is out of action. 发动机出了故障。She took immediate action to resolve the problem. 她立即采取行动解决问题。【派生词】 act为动词，译为“扮演、充当、起作用”； Active为形容词，译为“活跃的、活泼的”； activity为名词，译为“活动”； Actor为名词，译为“男演员”；actress为名词，译为“女演员”。【常见搭配】 act out 表演出来 Eg: Get pairs of students to act out the dialogue in front of the class. 叫学生两人一组在课堂上演出这个对话。 Fight (动词) 努力争取、为（...）斗争【用法讲解】 fight也可为名词，译为“战斗、斗志”。 Eg: She’ll fight like a tiger to protect her children. 她为了保护孩子，可以凶得像只老虎。 Fighting broke out in three districts of the city last night. 昨晚这座城市有三个区发生了战斗。【常见搭配】 fight against ... 与...作斗争 Fight for ... 为...而战 Fight with ... 斗争；与...打架 Eg: We must fight against pollution. 我们必须与污染问题作斗争。He declared that he would fight for his right. 他宣称要为他的权利而斗争。They fought with the enemy together. 他们一起对抗敌人。Score (动词) （在运动、比赛或考试中）得（分）【用法讲解】 score也可作名词，译为“得分、分数”。 Eg: The basketball player scored a point with a free throw. 篮球运动员通过罚球得了一分。It's my best score. 这是我最好的分数。What's the score? 分数是多少？【常见搭配】 score a goal 进球 Score a point 得分 Eg: He scored a goal in the last minute of the game. 他在比赛的最后一分钟进球了。 Goal (名词) 进球、进球得分【用法讲解】 goal作名词时，也可译为“目标、目的”。 Eg: He scored a goal in the last minute of the game. 他在比赛的最后一分钟进球了。My goal is to improve my English skills. 我的目标是提高我的英语技巧。Victory (名词) 胜利、成功、赢【用法讲解】 victory为可数名词，其复数形式为victories。 Eg: She is confident of victory in Saturday’s final. 她对在周六决赛中取得胜利充满信心。Lead (动词) 带路、领路、引领【用法讲解】 lead的过去式为led，过去分词为led。【常见搭配】 lead sb. 介词短语/副词 带领某人去... Lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事 Lead a ... life 过着...的生活 Lead to ... 通往、导致 Eg: He led the guest into his room. 他把客人带到了自己的房间。 Parents lead kids to learn walking. 父母领着孩子走路。She led a rather hard life. 她当时过着相当艰苦的生活。All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。A poor diet will lead to illness. 糟糕的饮食将导致疾病。International (形容词) 国际的【用法讲解】 在句中常常位于名词前作定语。【常见搭配】 international law 国际法 International trade 国际贸易 International match 国际比赛 Eg: The international football match will be broadcast live this evening. 这场国际足球比赛将在今晚现场直播。【派生词】 national为形容词，译为“国家的、民族的、全国的” Eg: Our National Day is on October 1st. 我们的国庆节在十月一日。Chance (名词) 机会【用法讲解】 chance译为“机会”时是可数名词；译为“运气、可能性”时是不可数名词； chance还可作动词，译为“冒险、碰巧”；chance亦可作形容词，译为“意外的”。 Eg: We won’t get another chance of a holiday this year. 我们今年不会再有机会度假了。Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight? 有可能弄到今晚的票吗？She was chancing her luck driving without a licence. 她无证驾驶，完全是在冒险。 It was a chance meeting that would change my life. 那次偶然的会面改变了我的一生。【常见搭配】 by chance 偶然地、意外地 Take a chance 冒险、碰运气 Chance upon/ on 偶然发现、偶然遇到 Eg: I met her by chance at the airport. 我碰巧在机场遇见她。I think we need to take a chance on him. 我觉得我们要给他次机会。We were very lucky to chance on him in the reading room. 我们非常幸运在阅览室里遇到了他。 Improve (动词) 改善、改进、变得更好【用法讲解】 improve后面可接名词或代词作宾语，不能用被动语态。 Eg: She studied hard to improve her English. 她努力学习来提高她的英语。【常见搭配】 improve on sth. 在某方面提高 Improve in sth. 在某方面好转 Improve one’s skills 提高某项技能 Eg: Can we improve on the cost of quality? 我们可以改善品质成本吗？Her English has improved in pronunciation. 她的英语发音有所改进。I read books to improve my writing skills. 我通过阅读书籍来提高我的写作能力。【派生词】 improvement为名词，译为“提高、改善” Eg: We expect to see further improvement over the coming year. 我们期望来年会有更进一步的改善。 Create (动词) 创造【用法讲解】 create作动词，还可译为“建立、产生”等。 Eg: The government plans to create more jobs for young people. 政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。 Different room colors create different moods. 不同的房间颜色产生不同的氛围。【常见搭配】 Create sth. for sth. 为某物创造某物 Create an opportunity for ... 为某人创造机会 Eg: We should create a better future for our children. 我们应该为我们的孩子创造一个更美好的未来。The government should create more opportunities for the disadvantaged. 政府应该为弱势群体创造更多机会。【派生词】 creative为形容词，译为“有创造性的”； Creation为名词，译为“创造”。 Eg: She is a creative artist. 她是一位有创造力的艺术家。 This artist’s creations are worth collecting. 这个艺术家的作品值得收藏。 Wonder (动词) 想要知道【用法讲解】 wonder后常接疑问句或if/whether引导的从句。Wonder还可以作可数名词，此时译为“奇观、奇迹”等；wonder也可作不可数名词，此时译为“惊叹、惊奇”等。 Eg: I wonder if she will come to the party. 我在想她会不会来参加派对。He wonders how much it will cost. 他想知道这些花费多少。【常见搭配】 It is a wonder that ... 对某事感到非常令人惊讶或不可思议 No wonder 难怪 Wonders of the world 世界奇观 Eg: It is a wonder that he managed to finish the race in such bad weather. 在这么糟糕的天气里设法完成比赛真令人惊讶。No wonder she’s upset, considering what happened. 考虑到所发生的事情，难怪她会感到沮丧。【派生词】 wonderful为形容词，译为“精彩的、令人惊奇的” wonderfully为副词，译为“非常好地、精彩地” Eg: We had a wonderful time last night. 我们昨晚过得非常愉快。 The hotel is wonderfully comfortable. 这家旅馆非常舒适。Success (名词) 成功、胜利、成就【用法讲解】 success为不可数名词。【派生词】 succeed为动词，译为“成功、继承”； successful为形容词，译为“成功的”； Successfully为副词，译为“成功地”。 Eg: His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。 Confidence is the key to success. 信心是成功的关键。 She is a successful actress. 她是一名成功的演员。【常见搭配】 the key to success 成功的秘诀succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Succeed to sth. 继承某物 Succeed after sth. 接替某物 Be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事 Eg: Do you know the key to success? 你知道成功的秘诀吗？ He succeed in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。 She succeeded to the mayoralty. 她继承了市长职位。We succeeded after Churchill as Prime Minister? 谁接替邱吉尔出任首相？They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取了那份合同。Explain (动词) 解释、说明【用法讲解】 explain作动词也可译为“为...辩护”。 Eg: Can you explain the meaning of this word? 你能给我解释一下这个词的意思吗？【常见搭配】 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事物 Explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句 解释某个问题或情况 Explain that 从句 解释某个情况或原因 Eg: Please explain this rule to me. 请给我讲解一下这条规则。Please explain to me what this mean. 请你说明这是什么意思。He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。【派生词】 explanation为名词，译为“解释、说明”； Explainable为形容词，译为“可说明的、可辩解的”； Eg: He has given a very clear explanation of this passage. 他对这篇文章作了非常清晰的解释。Well, the reason in a recent case is actually quite explainable. 事实上，最近发生的一件事表明，原因其实很简单。Simple (形容词) 单纯的、纯粹的、完全的【用法讲解】 simple在句中常用来作定语、表语或宾语补足语。 Eg: Modern cameras are very simple to use. 现代照相机用起来非常简单。Simple but delicious food. 简单美味的食物。She is a bit simple. 她有点单纯。【常见搭配】 simple solution 简单的解决办法 Simple meal 简单的餐食 Simple truth 明显的事实 Eg: We found a simple solution to the problem. 我们找到了一个简单的解决办法来解决这个问题。We had a simple meal of soup and bread. 我们喝汤、吃面包，凑合了一顿。Nobody wanted to believe the simple truth. 谁也不愿意相信这明显的事实。【派生词】 simply为副词，译为“简单地”； simplify为动词，译为“简化”。 Eg: Youth is simply an attitude of mind. 青春仅仅是心态问题。 That will simplify my task. 那可简化我的工作。 Same (形容词) 相同的、同一个的【常见搭配】 the same ... as ... 和...一样 Eg: Can you give me the same book as you gave him? 你能给我和你给他一样的书吗？ My brother and I have the same birthday. 我和我的兄弟生日相同。【反义词】 different为形容词，译为“不同的”。 Similar为名词，译为“类似物、相似的人” Eg: The two houses are similar in size. 两座房子大小差不多。Courage (名词) 勇气、胆量、勇敢【用法讲解】 courage通常为不可数名词。 Eg: Her courage is an example to us all. 她的勇气是我们大家的榜样。【常见搭配】 have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事 Lack of courage 缺乏勇气 Show courage 展现勇气 Eg: She had the courage to confront her fears. 她有勇气面对恐惧。His lack of courage prevented him from taking risks and pursuing his dreams. 他缺乏勇气，无法冒险追求自己的梦想。He showed great courage in the face of danger. 他在面对危险时展现了极大的勇气。【派生词】 courageous为形容词，译为“勇敢的、无畏的”； Eg: It was courageous of him to save the child from the fire. 他从火中救出小孩真是勇敢呀。Ahead (副词) 在前面【用法讲解】 ahead用来描述空间、时间或程度上的领先或超越。 Eg: The car ahead of us stopped suddenly. 我们前面的那辆车突然停下来了。We need to plan ahead for the meeting next week. 我们需要提前计划下周的会议。She is ahead of her classmates in English. 她在英语上领先于她的同学。【常见搭配】 ahead of time 提前 Look ahead 展望未来 Go ahead 开始、继续 Eg: The project was completed ahead of time. 项目提前完成了。 It’s important to look ahead and prepare for changes. 展望未来并为变化做准备是很重要的。 You can go ahead with the presentation. 你可以开始演讲了。Spirit (名词) （某一特定历史时期、地方或群体的）精神、风气【用法讲解】 spirit译为“精神、心灵”时为不可数名词；译为“某种精神、情绪、灵魂”时为可数名词。 Eg: The spirit of human beings 人类的精神Keep your spirits up 保持高昂的情绪His spirit lives on 他的灵魂还活着The spirit of cooperation 合作精神The spirit of the times 时代精神【常见搭配】 team spirit 团队精神 Eg: I have a good team spirit, and love to learn new things. 我具有良好的团队精神，并且乐于学习。课文解析Go for it! 去吧！【用法讲解】 Go for it为祈使句，可以单独使用；但常常与其它句子或短语连用。用于表达鼓励或支持某人尝试、努力争取某件事情。 Eg: Go for it! You can do it! 去吧！你可以完成它的！Sports are good for us. 运动对我们有有益。【用法讲解】 be good for译为“对...有益”，be动词要随着主语发生变化。【知识拓展】 be good with... 译为“善于应付...；和...相处的好” Be good at... = do well in ... 擅长...；在某方面做的出色 Be good to ... 对...友好 Eg: Vegetables are good for your health. 蔬菜对你健康有益。She is good with the old. 她和老人相处的好。She is good at English. 她擅长英语。Our teacher is good to us. 我们的老师对我们很友好。How do sports give us enjoyment? 运动是如何给我们带来乐趣的？【用法讲解】 enjoyment为不可数名词，译为“享受、乐趣、愉快”等。 Eg: Children seem to have lost their enjoyment in reading. 孩子们似乎已失去阅读的乐趣。【常见搭配】 get enjoyment from... 从...中得到乐趣 Provide enjoyment 提供享受 Have great enjoyment 有极大的享受 Eg: She gets a lot of enjoyment from music. 她从音乐中获得了很多乐趣。The concert provided great enjoyment to the audience. 这场音乐会给观众提供了很多享受。He had great enjoyment playing the piano. 他很享受弹钢琴。【派生词】 enjoy为动词，译为“享受”【常见搭配】 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事 Eg: She enjoyed reading books very much. 她非常享受读书。 How do sports make us healthy? 运动如何使我们健康？【用法讲解】 healthy为形容词，译为“健康的”，在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: She is very healthy. 她很健康。An apple is a kind of healthy fruit. 苹果是一种健康的水果。【常见搭配】 keep healthy = keep fit = stay healthy 保持健康。 Eg: To keep healthy, she does exercise every day. 为了保持健康，她每天锻炼。【派生词】 health为名词，译为“健康”。 unhealthy为形容词，译为“不健康的”【常见搭配】 in good health 身体健康 In bad health 身体不健康 Eg: She is in good health. = She is healthy. 她身体很健康。Do you know the origin of some sports? 你知道一些运动的来源吗？【用法讲解】 origin为名词，译为“起源、根源、原产地、创作、原创”等。【常见搭配】 the origin of ... ...的起源 Eg: The origin of the universe is still a mystery. 宇宙的起源至今仍是一个迷。We must get to the origin of he problem if we want to solve it. 如果想解决这个问题，就必须找到问题的根源。This coffee is of origin from Ethiopia. 这种咖啡原产地是埃塞俄比亚。He is the origin of the new theory. 他是新理论的创始人。This is an origin work of art. 这是意见原创艺术品。【派生词】 originate为动词，译为“起源于、产生”。 Eg: The custom originated in ancient China. 这个习俗起源于中国古代。The fog originated from the nearby lake. 雾气源于附近的湖泊。However, 86 - year - old Zhang Shun was still about 100 meters from the finishing line. 然而，86岁的张顺距离终点线还有大约100米。【用法讲解】 “数词 - year - old”译为“...岁的”，可以看作一个形容词性的单词，常常位于名词前作定语修饰名词；而“数词 + years old”则为短语，译为“...岁”，常常位于be动词之后。 Eg: She is a six - year - old girl. 她是一个六岁的女孩。She is six years old. 她六岁了。【知识拓展】 我们也可以用“at the age of ...”来表示“在...岁”。Eg: She started to learn English when she was eight years old. = She started to learn English at the age of eight. 她八岁开始学英语。 People watched him move slowly. 人们看着他缓慢地移动。【用法讲解】 slowly为副词，译为“慢慢地”，常常位于动词之后修饰动词；其形容词形式为slow，译为“缓慢的”。 Eg: He walked slowly, feeling relaxed. 他慢慢往前走，觉得很放松。 The band finished with a few slow dances. 乐队最后演奏了几首节奏缓慢的舞曲。 This made him fall behind. 这使他落后了。【用法讲解】 fall behind为动词短语，译为“落后”。 Eg: Please study hard, or you’ll fall behind. 请努力学习吧，否则你会落后的。【知识拓展】 fall的常见搭配 Fall off 掉下来、减少、跌落 Fall down 摔倒、倒塌 Fall into 落入、陷入 Fall asleep 入睡 Fall out 争吵、脱落 Eg: Leaves fall off the trees in the autumn. 秋天，树叶纷纷从树上掉下来。The house looked as if it was about to fall down. 房子看起来好像就要倒塌似的。The river falls into the sea. 河流注入大海。I fell asleep while reading a book. 我在看书时睡着了。They fell out over a minor issue. 他们因为一个小问题而争吵起来。Shall I take a rest or stop? 我是休息还是停下？知识点一：【用法讲解】 Rest为名词，译为“休息”，也可译为“剩余部分”；【常见搭配】 take/ have a rest 休息 the rest of + 名词 剩下的 （作主语时谓语动词取决于后面的名词） Eg: You look tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 你看上去很累。为什么不休息一下呢？ The rest of the team is waiting for us. 队伍中的其他人正在等我们。 The rest of the eggs are yours. 剩下的鸡蛋是你的。 rest也可作动词，译为“休息”。 Eg: I’m tired, and I want to rest. 我累了，我想休息。知识点一： Stop为动词，译为“停止”，也可为名词，译为“停止、车站”【常见搭配】 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 Stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Bus stop 公共汽车站 Eg: I’m tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 我累了，让我们停下来休息一会。 I’m tired, let’s stop working. 我累了，让我们停止工作。 The weather stopped me from taking a walk. 天气阻止我去散步。With people cheering, he finally crossed the finishing line! 在人们的欢呼声中，他最终冲过了终点线！【用法讲解】 With为介词，常见意思如下：(1)“和…一起” Eg: I go to school with Lily. 我和丽丽一起去上学。(2)“长着；戴着” Eg: The girl with big eyes is Lily. 长着大眼睛的女孩是丽丽。(3)“拿着” Eg: Our teacher goes into the classroom with a book. 我们的老师手里拿着书走进教室。(4)“用” Eg: She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写这封信。(5)“带有” Eg: I like drinking coffee with milk. 我喜欢喝加奶的咖啡。For years, he trained every morning in the park. 多年来，每天早上他一直在公园里训练。【用法讲解】 train为动词，译为“训练、培训”；train也可作名词，译为“火车”等。 Eg: The company trains its employees regularly. 公司定期培训员工。【常见搭配】 train hard 努力训练 Train station 火车站 Set sth. in train 开始某事、促使某事发生 Eg: We trained hard to win the match. 为了赢得比赛我们努力训练。 We met at the train station. 我们在火车站见面。 We’ve set the project in train, and we expect to see results in the coming months. 我们已经启动了这个项目，我们期望在接下来的几个月内看到结果。【派生词】 training为名词，译为“训练” Trainee为名词，译为“实习生”；trainer为名词，译为“教练”。None of his family members worried or tried to stop him. 他的家人没有一个担心他或试图阻止他。【用法讲解】 知识点一：worry为动词，译为“担忧，发愁”；worry也可作名词，译为“忧虑、担心的事”。 Eg: He has a lot of worries at the moment. 他目前有许多烦恼。【常见搭配】 worry about ... = be worried about ... 担忧... Eg: She worried about her health. = She is worried about her health. 她担忧她的健康。知识点二：Try为动词，译为“尝试、试图”；try也可为名词，译为“尝试、努力”。【常见搭配】 try to do sth. 努力做某事 Try doing sth. 尝试做某事 Try ... on 试穿... Try out 试验、试用 Try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事 Have a try 试一试 Eg: He tried to finish the work before the deadline. 他在截止日期前尽力完成工作。 I want to try swimming. 我想尝试游泳。 Can I try on these shoes? 我可以试穿这些鞋子吗？ They are trying out a new software program. 他们正在使用一款新的软件程序。 I will try my best to meet the deadline. 我会尽全力在截至日期前完成。 Why not have a try and see if you can do it? 为什么不试一试看看你能否做到呢？Zhang Shun was the oldest and the slowest runner to finish the 2022 Beijing Marathon. 张顺是2022年北京马拉松比赛中年龄最大、跑得最慢的完赛者。【用法讲解】知识点一： oldest和slowest为形容词最高级，用来修饰名词；表示某个范围内“最...”，前面通常需加the。 Eg: She is the best student in our class. 她是我们班最好的学生。知识点二： Finish为动词，译为“完成、结束”；finish也可作名词，译为“完成、结束”。 Eg: I need to finish my homework before dinner. 我们需要在晚饭前完成我的作业。 The game ended in a dramatic finish. 比赛在戏剧性的结尾中结束。【常见搭配】 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 Eg: I will finish cooking dinner in half an hour. 我半个小时后完成晚饭。But it didn’t matter to him. 但是这对他来说没关系。【用法讲解】 matter为动词，译为“有关系、重要”；matter也可为不可数名词，译为“物质、事情、问题、重要性”等。 Eg: It doesn’t matter what you wear to the party. 你去派对穿什么不重要。Water is a form of matter. 水是一种物质。The matter at hand requires immediate attention. 眼前的事情需要立即处理。Your opinion matters to me. 你的意见对我很重要。【常见搭配】 It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 What's the matter with ...? ...怎么了？ No matter 无论、不管 As a matter of fact 事实上 Eg: What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？No matter what happens, I’ll always be here for you. 无论发生什么，我都会一直在这里支持你。As a matter of fact, I have already finished it. 事实上，我已经完成了。 Zhang Shun fell behind because of a stomachache. 因为肚子痛张顺落后了。【易混辨析】 because和because of区别 because为连词，用于引导原因状语从句，连接两个完整的句子，用于回答why开头的问句； Because of为介词短语，后面接名词、代词或动名词，用于引导名词或名词短语。 Eg: He didn’t come because he was tired. 他没有来因为他累了。I didn’t go to the park because of the rain. 因为下雨我没有去公园。Should she keep going, or give up surfing? 她应该继续还是放弃冲浪？知识点一：【用法讲解】 Keep为动词，译为“保持；保留；持续；使...保持某种状态；饲养”【常见搭配】 keep + 形容词 “保持...” Keep sb./sth. + 形容词 “使某人/某物保持某种状态” Keep doing sth. “一直做某事” Eg: Please keep calm. 请保持冷静。Please keep promise. 请信守诺言。 Please keep the dictionary well. 请好好保存这本词典。 Please keep the room clean. 请保持房间干净。 My grandmother keeps some chicken in her yard. 我奶奶在庭院里养了一些鸡。 Mr. Wang keeps working day and night. 王先生没日没夜的工作。知识点二：Give up为动词短语，译为“放弃”，其后通常接名词、代词或动名词。 Eg: He gave up his dream of becoming a doctor. 他放弃了成为医生的梦想。 Don’t give up chasing your dream. 不要放弃追逐你的梦想。How does he/ she get through it? 他/她是怎么熬过来的？【用法讲解】 get through为动词短语，译为“完成、通过、度过困难时期”。 Eg: I managed to get through all the work today. 今天我设法完成了所有的工作。I hope I can get through the exam this time. 希望我这次能通过考试。He is just getting through a difficult time. 他只是正在经历一段困难时期。According to the WHO, teenagers should do at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day.根据世界卫生组织的建议，青少年每天至少应该进行60分钟的体育活动。【用法讲解】知识点一： according to译为“根据、遵循”，在句中可位于句首或句中，后面常接名词或代词。 Eg: Everything went according to plan. 一切按照计划进行。知识点二：According to law, a doctor must be present at the ringside. 按照法律规定，场边必须有一名医生。 At least译为“至少”，常常用来表示最低数量或程度，位于被修饰名词前。 Eg: There are at least five people in the room. 房间里至少有五个人。 I need at least three apples. 我至少需要三个苹果。We are so proud of him. 我们都以他为傲。【用法讲解】 proud为形容词，译为“自豪的、满意的、骄傲的”。【派生词】 pride为名词，译为“自豪感、傲慢”【常见搭配】 be proud of ... = take pride in ... 以...为傲 Eg: I’m proud of my daughter for winning the competition. = I take pride in my daughter for winning the competition. 我为女儿在比赛中获胜感到自豪。 The 2022 Women’s Asian Cup final was a difficult match. 2022年亚洲杯女足决赛是一场艰难的比赛。 【用法讲解】知识点一： difficult为形容词，译为“困难的、复杂的”，在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: This is a difficult task for me. 对我来说这是一个艰难的任务。This task is difficult. 这个任务很艰难。【派生词】 difficulty为名词，译为“困难”，其复数形式为difficulties。【常见搭配】 It is difficult for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是困难的 Have difficulty (in) doing sth. 在做某事上有困难 Eg: It is difficult for me to learn math well. 对我来说学好数学很难。知识点二：I have difficulty (in) finishing the task. 我在完成这个任务上有困难。match为名词，译为“比赛、火柴”，其复数形式为matches；match还可作动词，译为“匹配”。Eg: The football match between the two teams will be held this Sunday. 两队的足球赛将在这周末举行。 Can you pass me those matches? 你能把那些火柴递给我吗？ The colour of her dress matches her shoes perfectly. 她裙子的颜色和鞋子完美搭配。【常见搭配】 match with... 使与...相匹配 Eg: The curtains match well with the carpet. 窗帘和地毯很匹配。Known as the Steel Roses of China. 被称为中国的“钢铁玫瑰”。【用法讲解】 known为形容词，译为“已知的、知名的”；known也是know的过去分词，译为“知道、认识”等。 Eg: I have known her for ten years. 我已经认识她十年了。【常见搭配】 be known as ... 作为...而出名 Be known for ... 因...而出名 Be known to ... 为...所知 Eg: Lu Xun is known as a writer. 鲁迅作为作家而出名。He is known for his film. 他因影视作品而出名。The fast food is known to damage your health sometimes. 众所周知，快餐有时会损坏健康。But they will rise to every challenge, thanks to their shining spirits. 但多亏了他们闪耀的精神，她们将迎接每一个挑战。【用法讲解】 challenge为名词，译为“挑战”；challenge也可作动词，译为“向某人挑战”。【常见搭配】 face a challenge 面对挑战 Accept a challenge 接受挑战 Challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战某事 Challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 Eg: School must meet the challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 The company faces many challenges in the new market. 这家公司在新的市场中面临许多挑战。 The team accepted the challenge and won the game. 这个团队接受了挑战并赢得了比赛。 Mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克向我挑战下一盘棋。 The coach challenged the team to win the championship. 教练激励球队赢得冠军。【知识拓展】 thanks to译为“多亏了...、由于...的帮助”，后面接名词、代词。 Eg: Thanks to you, everyone knows about it now. 多亏了你，现在大家都知道了。Thanks to the job I became an avid reader. 多亏了这份工作我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。语法解析不定代词【含义】 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词表示各种程度和各种类型的不定意义。它们在逻辑意义上是数量词，具有整体或局部的意义。【种类】 【功能】1. 大多数不定代词都有名词和形容词性质，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。Eg: We all went to school on foot. (同位语) 我们都走路去上学。 China is one of the busiest countries in the world.(表语) 中国是世界上最繁华的国家之一。2. 一部分不定代词只有名词性质，因此在句中作主语Eg: Everybody knows the man. (主语) 每个人都认识这位男士。 3. 少数不定代词只有形容词性质，故在句中作定语。Eg: There is no music. (定语) 没有音乐。【常见不定代词】neither指“两者中没有一个（全否定）”通常与nor连用。做主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。 Eg: Neither tea nor coffee is OK. 茶和咖啡都不可以。none指“三者或三者以上的人或物中没有一个（全否定)”相当于not any，none除指可数的人或物外，还可表示不可数的东西。None还可以表示“零”的概念。 Eg: None of us knew how to treat her. 我们没有人知道如何对待她。I thought there was some coffee in my office, but there’s none there. 我以为办公室里有些咖啡，可一点都没有。-- How many postcards have you sent? 你寄出了多少张明信片？-- None. 一张都没寄。both指“两者都”常与and连用。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America. 丽丽和露西都来自美国。all指“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。All还可指不可数的事物，此时作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Eg: All of them are from China. 他们都来自中国。 All was changed. 一切都改变了。either指“两者中的任意一个”，通常与or连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用临近原则。Eg: Either tea or coffee is OK. 或者茶或者咖啡都可以。写作话题：Write a short paragraph about a sports team.* 提示：1. Name of the team 2. Their history/ story 3. Their spirit 4. Your comments* 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第三人称)、时态(一般现在时、一般过去时)* 范文： Ping pong is also called table tennis. It is the most popular sport in China. Chinese players are so good at it. They always win championships all the time and make the whole country proudThere are lots of famous players in China, like Deng Yaping , Kong Linghui, Ma Long, Fan Zhendong, Deng Yingsha and so on.Now, let’s talk about Ma Long. He is the kind of ping pong now! He’s my favourite player. He’s super fast and can hit the ball so hard. When he plays, it’s like watching a ninja battle. He won so many championships and everyone looks up to him.All the Chinese ping pong players are excellent. They are like a dream team. They practice hard ever day and never give up. They show the world what true dedication and passion can achieve.There are lots of reasons why Chinese people are so good at ping pong. And I think the most important reason is teamwork! Chinese players work together to help each other improve. Team spirit is super important in Chinese ping pong.Go China! Go ping pong!词根-one (指人)-body (指人)-thing (指物)Some (肯定)Someone (某人)Somebody (某人)Something (某事，某物)Any (否定/肯定)Anyone (任何人)Anybody (任何人)Anything (任何事)Every (肯定)Everyone (每个人)Everybody (每个人)Everything (每件事，一切)No (否定)No one (没有人)Nobody (没有人)Nothing (什么都没有)SomeSomeoneSomebodySomethingAnyAnyoneAnybodyAnythingEveryEveryoneEverybodyEverythingNoneNo oneNobodyNothingEach OneBothEitherNeitherOtherAnotherOthersAllManyFewMuchlittle