专题08 非谓语动词（讲义）-2025年高考英语二轮复习（新高考通用）

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目录TOC \ "1-4" \h \u
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航2
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航3
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究4
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 考查非谓语动词作定语4
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】4
【 \l "_Tc11164" 核心精讲】5
【 \l "_Tc28075" 命题预测】6
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 考查非谓语动词作状语7
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】7
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 8
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 10
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 10
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 10
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 11
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 12
\l "_Tc29325" 考点四 考查非谓语动词作宾补 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 13
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 13
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 14
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 15
\l "_Tc29325" 考点五 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语16
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】16
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 17
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】18
04 \l "_Tc14703" 重难点突破 非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用18
非谓语动词
考点一 考查非谓语动词作定语
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, 40 (inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2．(2024年1月浙江高考卷) If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs 63 (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighburing canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ba’s birthplace.
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/mn: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rse:凋谢的玫瑰花a retired wrker: 退休工人
an escaped prisner: 逃犯a returned student: 归国留学生
4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
5.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, ____ ____ (surrund)in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
6.（2022•新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the __________ (fall) child.
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk，expressin，tears，smile，vice等名词。
7.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ______ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
8.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，prud Irene declared she had n plans _____________（retire） frm her 36-year-ld business.
不定式作定语：
①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，pprtunity，ability，decisin，right（权利），不定代词等。
1)The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
2)Tday I have nthing/smething t say at the cnference.
②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等
She was the first/secnd/third/tenth (student) t cme t schl tday.
非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her，but she culdn't find any paper t write n.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the nly 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。
And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
[2021·浙江卷1月]In 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries studied had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。
表示被动、完成用过去分词(dne)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(ding)；表示被动、进行用being dne；表示主动、尚未进行用t d；表示被动的动作尚未进行用t be dne。试比较：
①The bridge built recently was designed by a lcal cmpany.
②Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the sky.
③The bridge being built nw was designed by a lcal cmpany.
④The questin t be discussed at tmrrw's meeting is very imprtant.
3．动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 fr 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pl=a pl fr swimming 游泳池
a reading rm = a rm fr reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine fr washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick fr walking 拐杖
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）“This exhibitin is really significant, which brings a rare pprtunity fr New Zealanders (engage) with ne f the mst imprtant cultural and religius sites in the wrld and facilitates peple-t-peple exchanges, ” said New Zealand parliament member Jenny Salesa.
2.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）“In the Shalin Temple were peple (dress)the way they had been in the mvies
3.（2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By rganizing the festival, Fuzhu aims t prmte excellent traditinal culture, tell Chinese stries in a mre (engage) manner and carry ut Chinese and freign cultural exchanges and cperatin t draw dmestic and glbal attentin t Tang Xianzu, Fuzhu, Jiangxi, thus increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
考点二 考查非谓语动词作状语
1.（20224·新高考Ⅰ卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals pen n warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin.
3.（2024·北京高考卷）Just then, sme kids ran at him, 19 (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
4.（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度).
1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(dne)。
3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。
4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spken t. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。
5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
5.（2023·全国乙卷） (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new,and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(ding)。
3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having dne)。
4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been dne)。
6.（2023·全国甲卷）Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fable. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
7.（2022·新高考I卷）The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). ______ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal visibility, said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed ___43___ (find)the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
9．（2024年1月浙江高考）The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu’re shpping fr ne, buying extra 56 (benefit) frm price reductins desn’t make sense.
10.（2023·全国甲卷）Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm.
11.（2022•新高考Ⅱ卷）Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用s as t/in rder t替换，但 s as t一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 t find and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：nly t d；enugh t d(足够做……)；t... t d... (太……而不能……)；s/such... as t... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，cmfrtable，dangerus，heavy，gd，imprtant，impssible，surprised，astnished, delighted, disappinted 等。
We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
2．分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
[2020·江苏卷]Technlgical innvatins, cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：lcated (坐落于), lst(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lst/absrbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired f(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking, talking f, speaking f, judging frm/by, taking everything int cnsideratin, cmpared t/with, t be frank，t tell(yu)the truth, t be hnest, t make things wrse 等。
Judging frm his accent, he is frm Hng Kng.
从口音判断，他来自香港。
T tell yu the truth, I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/withut＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tmrrw.
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began ur hliday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
1.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）The abundance f the rich natural resurces f Africa sn led t avarice (贪婪) n the part f the Eurpeans, (result) in a mad scramble fr Africa’s resurces, including her peple.
2.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考） (cmpare) with Chinese festivals, which ften center arund family reunin (团聚) and respecting ancestrs, western festivals tend t emphasize celebratin, reflecting a mre individualistic culture.
3.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）As everyne knws, the Silk Rad symblizes the friendship between Eurpean and Asian peples, With a histry (stretch) ver 2,000 years, the rigins f the Silk Rad in China trace back t the Han Dynasty.
4.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）Peple then started dragn bat racing ________ (scare) ff the fish.
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level, the natinal parks, in particular, tend 41 （catch）ur attentin because f their large size and variety.
2.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
3.（2022年1月浙江卷）That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans ____________（cntinue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really psitive change."
不定式作宾语：
①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/lve/want/wish/hpe/expect/desire/hate/prefer/cntinue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/affrd/ffer/fail/start/begin/frget/remember/prmise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/chse/pretend/arrange t d…:
②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/cnsider/feel/make it + 形/名 + t 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary t master German and French.
非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, plan, demand, prmise, prepare, decide, refuse, chse, wish, hpe, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。
[2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
admit, avid, cnsider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put ff, bject t, lk frward t等。此外，have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth. ；have fun (in) ding sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended.
我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's quite ht tday. D yu feel like ging fr a swim?
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(frget t d sth.忘记去做某事 未做,frget ding sth.忘记做过某事 已做))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 未做,regret ding sth.对做过的事表示后悔 已做))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(remember t d sth.记得去做某事 未做,remember ding sth.记得做过某事 已做))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(stp t d sth.停下来做某事,stp ding sth.停止做某事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(try t d sth.尽力去做某事,try ding sth.尝试做某事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(g n t d sth.继续做另一件事,g n ding sth.继续做原来做的事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth.打算做某事,mean ding sth.意味着做某事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(can't help t d sth.不能帮助做某事,can't help ding sth.情不自禁地做某事))
(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词d，不定式要省略t。
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）They hped that this exhibitin can cntribute t (prmte) the peple- t- peple links in the tw cuntries, facilitating healthy and stable develpment f bilateral (双边的) relatins.
2.（2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考）This new frm f frugality is nt a cmplete denial f cnsumerism, but a frm f smart spending aimed at ________ (achieve) a balance between price and the quality f gds.
3.（2025·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The x was riginally first, but he was s kind that he agreed ____ ____(carry) the little rat acrss the river.
考点四 考查非谓语动词作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式t d的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。二轮复习一定避免这个问题，做到查漏补缺。
2.（2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟）After the end f the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allwing turists at hme and abrad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
不定式作宾语补足语：
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allw/permit/cause/encurage/expect/wish/frce/blige/invite/
need/rder/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb t d……:
例：Miss Jansn persuaded the by nt t smke any mre.
②在feel, hear, listen t, lk at, see, watch, ntice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加t； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加t。
1）Paul desn’t have t be made t learn. He always wrks hard.
2）The teacher is ften listened t t sing the English sng at hme.
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left (want) mre next time.
4.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and yu see them many times (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
5.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds____________ (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her vice t make herself heard by all the peple in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, ntice, bserve, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an ld man kncked dwn by a car just nw.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, rder等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了t be。
They are talking abut the plan they wish carried ut next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually wrks in her study with the dr lcked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely n.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having finished her prject, she was invited by the schl t speak t the new students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think, cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, understand等后常用t be作宾补或主补。
Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard-wrking peple in the wrld.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb. be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
The president was reprted t have visited China.
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help?
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
He fund himself surrunded by s many strangers.
他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。
(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
①have sth. dne＝get sth. dne让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. ding让……一直做某事；
get sth./sb. ding 使……开始做某事；
③have sb. d sth. ＝get sb. t d sth. 让某人做某事。
Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.
在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋ding表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋dne表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋t d表示将要发生的动作。
The ld cuple ften take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dg fllwing them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a shrt time left befre the deadline, it desn't seem likely that Jhn will finish the jb.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lt f wrk t d, she wasn't allwed t leave her ffice.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三上学期月考）With his Kung Fu dream (cme)true, N’ Dri has set up the Shalin Training Camp.
2.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考）As a driver travelling between Vientiane and Bten（brder twn）,he can see mre and mre huses and factries （build） alng the rute.
3.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Qin gvernr and irrigatin engineer Li Bing investigated the prblem thrughly. He led a team (cnstruct) a levee (堤坝) t redirect a prtin f the river’s flw.
4.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测）During the trial perid, delivery will be free, with fees ______ (expect) t be similar t regular services afterwards.
考点五 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is pssible ______ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
不定式作主语：
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。T d mrning exercises is useful fr ur health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用ding作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；f sb和fr sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（f sb）t d sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用f sb作逻辑主语：wrng, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, hnest, lazy, mdest, selfish, thughtful, implite, plite, clever, flish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generus，cnsiderate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（fr sb）t d sth.
【以下形容词通常用fr sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, imprtant, necessary, impssible, pssible, safe, dangerus, unusual, wnderful…。多数情况都用fr sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is plite (f yu) t respect the ld.
2)It is imprtant (fr us) t d as the Rmans d.
2.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn't feel_____________(challenge).
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
[2021·全国甲卷]It is pssible t walk r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。
(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is t be a dctr in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want t d mst in senir high schl is t imprve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste f time ding...; It's n use/gd ding...; It is useless ding...; There is n pint ding... 等。
Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's n use cmplaining withut taking actin.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My jb is cleaning the huse three times a week.＝Cleaning the huse three times a week is my jb.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接t be dne。
She remained standing thugh we repeatedly asked her t sit dwn.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It remains t be seen whether the newly-frmed cmmittee's plicy can be put int practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
1.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）Fr bubble tea business, (establish) a strng nline presence is very imprtant.
2.（2023·八省联考） Frtunately, nwadays it is much easier ________（make）ec-friendly lifestyle chices.
3.（2024·云贵川桂四省联考）Scientists arund the wrld are lking fr all kinds f ways t prtect and maybe even revive crals. One ptin is ______ (create) mre marine prtected areas——essentially natinal parks in the cean.
04重难点突破 非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用
非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用
通过5组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词
【例1】 ①He vlunteered t help cntrl traffic, (dnate) an hur f his time every week.
②He vlunteered t help cntrl traffic, and (dnate) an hur f his time every week.
【例2】 ①The guide (lead) the way, we had n truble getting ut f the frest.
②The guide (lead) the way, s we had n truble getting ut f the frest.
【例3】 ①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．
②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．
【例4】 ①Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, and all his attentin (fix) n it.
②Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, with all his attentin (fix) n it.
③Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, (fix) all his attentin n it.
【例5】 ①He went int the rm, (sit) at the table and began t read newspapers.
②They walked alng the stream tgether, (talk) and laughing.
1．首先辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等。
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是动词－ing形式、动词－ed形式还是动词不定式形式。
2．结合语境，判断设空处在句子中作的成分，然后分析动词与逻辑主语或被修饰词等之间的关系，从而确定非谓语的形式。
3．掌握ding作宾语的动词(词组)的用法，注意介词后要跟ding作宾语。
4．若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用动词－ed形式。
5．若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用动词不定式形式。
6．掌握非谓语动词的句型
It's＋形容词＋(fr/f sb＋) t d sth；find/think/believe/cnsider＋it＋形容词＋t d sth。
1．“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“主动或进行”，则填动词-ing形式。
②“主动或进行”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“正在进行”；表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2021·1月浙江高考)This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple ________(live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词may be，且该动词与所给动词live之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则可知，该处应填live的非谓语动词形式；又因live与其逻辑主语peple之间构成主动关系，故填动词-ing形式。
2．“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“被动或完成”，则填动词-ed形式。
②“被动或完成”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“已经完成”；表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2021·1月浙江高考)In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries
_______ (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词had，且该动词与所给动词study之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填study的非谓语动词形式；又因study与其逻辑主语cuntries之间构成被动关系，故填动词-ed形式。
3.动词不定式“未发生”
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”，则填其不定式形式。
②若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则使用不定式的一般式；若为被动形式，则使用不定式的被动语态。
③常考查不定式作目的状语
(2021·6月浙江高考)Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver _______ (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
【答案】t plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词came，且该谓语动词与所给动词plant之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填plant的非谓语动词形式；plant与谓语动词came之间相比较尚未发生，应使用不定式；又因plant与其逻辑主语Mary's sister之间为主动关系，故使用不定式的一般式。
4.介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语
记住常见的介词，如after，in，n，at及固定搭配中的介词，如insist n ding，be devted t ding等。
(2021·全国甲卷)After ________(spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。
5.熟记一些固定句式中的非谓语动词
be likely t d sth, have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth, spend time (in) ding sth, It is pssible t d ..., aim t d, see＋宾语＋宾语补足语，be＋adj.＋t d sth, set ut t d ..., be expected t d等。
(2021·全国甲卷)It is pssible _________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
【答案】t walk
【解析】考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(fr sb) t d sth”。
语法填空
(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
Sun Wukng (the Mnkey King), a mnkey with human characteristics and abilities, is ne f the best lved characters in Chinese literature. ____1____ (arm) with remarkable abilities, Sun Wukng, cmes frm the 16th - century classic Jurney t the West. Lately, his stry ____2____ (inspire) the vide game Black Myth: Wukng, intrducing new audiences t the belved character.
Schlars can’t say ____3____ certain where the character f Sun Wukng riginated frm, but Jurney t the West is likely ____4____ (cme) frm existing myths and legends. Sme pssible inspiratins fr the character include Wuzhiqi, an ape-like figure in Chinese mythlgy and Hanuman, a Hindu gd with ____5____ mnkey’s face.
Sun Wukng is in ____6____ (pssess) f superhuman abilities and extrardinary pwers, ne f ____7____ enables him t shape-shift. He has many f the characteristics peple assciate with mnkeys, including mischievusness. He fights against authrity and ____8____ (truble) by the fact that there is ne thing he can never cnquer: death. S he sets ut t gain immrtality, spending years wandering the wrld in search f it.
Sun Wukng spent parts f Jurney t the West searching fr immrtality. ____9____ (frtunate), he fund it in the real wrld: in literature and pp culture. In this rich afterlife, Sun Wukng has mtivated films, plays, televisin series, vide games, and cmic bks, ensuring that this ____10____ (last) character will cntinue t embark n new adventures with future generatins.
考点
目标要求
考题统计及展示
考情分析
考查非谓语动词作定语
熟练掌握分词、不定式、动名词作定语的用法
（2024·新高考II卷）40.inspired
(2024年1月浙江高考卷)63.designed
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）recgnized
(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) visiting
（2023·1月新高考浙江卷）surrunded
（2022•新高考Ⅱ卷）falling
（2022·全国甲卷）t jurney
从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式命题，题目中等偏难，以考查学生对有关分词、不定式和动名词的基本含义及句法功能以及根据语境判断使用非谓语动词正确形式的能力，强化语言运用能力和语境理解，题型主要是语法填空，非谓语动词是中学语法的重点和难点。
预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。非谓语动词是必考点。
考查非谓语动词作状语
熟练掌握分词、不定式作状语的用法
（2024·新高考I卷）58.t give
（2024·新高考II卷）44.Recalling
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)43.t find
（2024年1月浙江高考）56.t benefit
（2023·全国乙卷）Having visited
（2023·全国甲卷）brrwing
（2023·全国甲卷）t teach
（2022•新高考Ⅱ卷）t see
（2022·新高考I卷）Cvering
非谓语动词作宾语
掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的用法
（2024·全国甲卷）41.t catch
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）t bite
（2022年1月·浙江卷）t cntinue
考查非谓语动词作宾补
掌握分词、不定式作宾补的用法
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）t be lifted
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）wanting
（2020·新课标II卷）decrated
（2020新课标III卷）surrunding
考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
熟练掌握不定式、动名词作主语的用法及分词、不定式、动名词作表语的用法
(2021·英语全国甲卷）t walk
（2018新课标III卷）challenged