2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题七概要写作第二讲定主体依逻辑精准把脉

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题七概要写作第二讲定主体依逻辑精准把脉，共11页。试卷主要包含了文体意识解读，增分技巧展示，解题方法呈现，优秀元素必背，解题流程示范等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．审题要素
2.不同文体运用不同的概括方法
(1)说明文的文体特征
说明文是对事物客观说明的一种文体，目的在于阐明原理、介绍知识和叙述事物。
[概括方法]
说明文是高考英语概要写作最常用的体裁。关注段首或段尾，找到中心句，并进行精练概括；中间段落需针对被说明对象的不同方面展开说明。
(2)议论文的文体特征
议论文对事件、现象或问题表达自己的看法、主张或观点。
常见的议论文： 读后感、演说、序言、书评
议论文的三要素：论点(tpic)、论据(argument)、论证(demnstratin)
常见的论证方式：举例论证(example)、道理论证(reasn)、对比论证(cmparisn & cntrast)、比喻论证(metaphr)、引用论证(qutatin)、归纳论证(inductin)、正反论证(prs and cns)
[概括方法]
首先要找出文章的论点、论据与论证。然后画出主题句或结论句，分析句际逻辑，提炼主次信息。议论文中会出现不同的观点，需注意不能漏掉其中任何一种观点。
(3)记叙文的文体特征
记叙文往往叙述人物的经历或者事物的发展变化。
记叙文的六要素：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(wh)、事件(what)、起因(why)、过程(hw)
[概括方法]
人物(wh)与事件(what)是记叙文的重点。如果是夹叙夹议文，需注意在总结要点时，加上作者自己的观点。
3．解题方法
(1)识别文章的篇章结构和主旨大意；
(2)分析句际逻辑，提炼主次信息(主题句＋重要信息)；
(3)使用自己的语言合并主次信息，使之成为要点句；
(4)适当地使用句间衔接词。
二、增分技巧展示
三、解题方法呈现
1．明问题 定时态
2．抓主旨 勾勒结构
eq \a\vs4\al(递进或并列式——,必写信息) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(各段落主旨大意,各段落主旨大意的支持句))
eq \a\vs4\al(总·分,总·分·总,分·总) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\a\vs4\al(主要信息,（必写）)\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(全文主旨大意,各段落主旨大意)),\a\vs4\al(次要信息,（选写）)\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(支撑各段落主旨大意, 的信息,选择最主要、最容易, 概括的信息))))
3．筛主干 提取关键词
4．替换表达
变词性——转变词性进行转述
低变高——将普通表达变为高级表达
长变短 eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(复合句变为简单句,短语变为单词或句子变为短语))
多变少——将详细具体的描述变为概括笼统的表达
主动变被动——主动语态变为被动语态
5．连贯成文 恰当运用过渡衔接词
(1)顺序
；
t begin ；
t start ；
n the ne the ther hand；
fr ne anther (thing)等
(2)并列
nt als..., , as well as等
(3)对比
n the cntrary、 nevertheless、 hwever、 cmpared with/t、 in cmparisn with等
(4)递进
besides、 what's mre、 mrever、 furthermre、 in additin、 additinally、 what's wrse、 mre imprtantly、 mst imprtantly等
(5)因果
thanks t、 as a result、 result frm、 because f/due t/wing t等
(6)总结
in a wrd、 in cnclusin、 in brief、 in shrt、 n the whle、 t sum up、 t cnclude、 in the end等
四、优秀元素必背
1．导入句
①A survey/An experiment/An inventin/A prves/shws...
②Accrding t a recent survey/experiment/inventin...
③Accrding t
④
⑤It is expected that...
⑥Hpefully...
2．同义词块
cncentrate n—fcus n
instead f—rather than
a difficult jb—a challenging jb
at last—eventually
set ff hme—head hme
a surprising picture—an amazing sight
great prgress—majr prgress
be very interesting—be a lt f fun
a few days—a cuple f days
have an idea—cme up with an idea
have a gd time—have a jyful time
3．过渡词
similarly、 actually、 meanwhile、 n the ther hand、 besides/mrever /als、 despite/in spite f、 because f/due t/wing t/thanks t/as a cnsequence f...
4．高级词汇替换增分表
五、解题流程示范
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, “We've gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.” By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they're building their children's cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. T much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, dn't g t far in the ther directin. Nt giving enugh praise can be just as damaging as giving t much. Kids will feel like they're nt gd enugh r that yu dn't care and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that the quality f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity. If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can give it as ften as yur child des smething that deserves a verbal reward. “We shuld especially recgnize ur children's effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal，” says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. “One thing t remember is that it's the prcess nt the end prduct that matters.”
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he's ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. Praising the effrt and nt the utcme can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case-by-case basis and be prprtinate (相称的) t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it.
[解题流程]
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚，论点明确。
第1步：初读语篇找主题句→全文主题句和段落主题句
第2步：再精读→抓关键词，为组织语言保驾护航
1．第一段要点：parents, g t the ppsite extreme, t much praise
2．第二段要点：nt, praise, damaging
3．第三段要点：fcus n, nt the utcme，give praise，prcess
4．第四段要点：praise his effrt, regardless f, the utcme, the amunt f effrt, put int
第3步：试改写→不要全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言进行转换表达
1．第一段指出：The past decades have witnessed the shift f parenting frm being t strict t ver praising．
2．第二段指出：Yet, bth t much and t little praise can be equally damaging．
3．第三段指出：When giving praise, parents shuld be sincere and cncentrate n the prcess instead f the result．
4．第四段指出：Similarly, they ught t give praise fr hw much effrt their kids have invested in the wrk they're invlved in.
第4步：再修改→查看各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和衔接情况，使语篇更连贯
Hw t praise ur kids is really a sensitive prblem. Experts believe that t much praise r praising the kids in a wrng way may have ppsite effects n children.(要点1) Hwever, n praise als des harm t kids' develpment.(要点2) T gain the best result, ur praise shuld fcus n the prcess rather than the result.(要点3) Similarly, they ught t give praise fr hw much effrt their kids have invested in the wrk they're invlved in.(要点4)
Writing 1
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
With the develpment f the cmputer, virtual reality(虚拟现实) steps in ur life. If smething is virtual, then it is created by cmputer technlgy and appears as if it were real. VR is a cmputer system with a special headset (耳机). When yu put n the headset, yu will lk at tw tiny televisin screens. They are s clse t yur eyes as if yu see just ne picture and yu will believe that yu have entered a different wrld. In many systems, yu als wear special glves. With the glves yu can reach ut and tuch things in the unreal wrld.
The first VR games, which have already been sld arund the wrld, enable yu t drive a sprts car, fly a plane, r fight an enemy. In the future, it may be difficult t tell the virtual wrld f the games frm the real wrld utside. Hwever, VR is nt just fr entertainment. One day, delighted children will be able t learn histry by visiting the pyramids f Egypt. In additin, businesses will be able t use VR fr many tasks. Pilt will be able t practise flying virtual planes befre they g int the air. VR can help us imprve the wrld in hundreds f ways.
Hwever, sme peple have warned that there culd be dangers. It might be dangerus if we d smething wrng, r if peple d nt want t return t reality because it is safer than real life. Besides, we will frget hw t live and wrk with real peple.
There will be sme prblems with VR, as it is new fr us. Hwever, ne thing is fr sure: VR is here t stay. Get ready t step int anther wrld!
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One pssible versin：
Virtual reality is a cmputer system with a special headset and special glves, which enables peple t enter an unreal wrld.(要点1)It can be applied t many fields, such as, entertainment, educatin, business and training pilts.(要点2)Hwever, it might be dangerus if peple dn't use it prperly.(要点3)In cnclusin, n matter what prblems it brings, it is sure t be part f peple's life in the near future.(要点4)
Writing 2
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Sme peple dubt the accuracy and reliability f the facial recgnitin technlgy. They dn't need t wrry abut that，because the technlgy is highly advanced. It can distinguish a human face with r withut glasses. Tests shw it has a precisin rate f mre than 99 percent.
Sme argue that the fingerprint r iris(虹膜) recgnitin system is perhaps mre accurate than the facial recgnitin system. True，but fr iris recgnitin，a persn has t hld his r her head still and lk at the camera，which is time-cnsuming and thus nt suitable fr public spaces such as subway statins. And the fingerprint recgnitin system is nt s secure，as sme peple can cheat the system by cpying and using the fingerprints f ther peple t enter r exit a statin.
Facial recgnitin is a rather mature system. A facial recgnitin system cllects peple's facial images frm different angles, instead f ne, and therefre minimizes the chance f cheating. Actually，it is already being applied in many fields such as unlcking smartphnes and cmputers. Besides，facial recgnitin technlgy can als help the plice t hunt escaped criminals in public spaces.
Hwever, the law says a citizen's pht shuld nt be cllected fr cmmercial use withut his r her permissin. T avid such legal risks，sme measures shuld be taken befre the cllectin f passenger infrmatin. First，cmpanies must ensure the cllected facial images are nly fr public cnvenience，and will never be used fr ther cmmercial purpses，such as advertisements. Secnd，cmpanies must take necessary measures t make sure nt even a single ne is leaked r sld t any third party withut the passenger's permissin. Generally，advanced technlgies are welcme t be used in public spaces，but peple's rights must be respected，at least t avid legal risks.
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One pssible versin：
Facial recgnitin technlgy is highly reliable and accurate. (要点1) Cmpared with the fingerprint r iris recgnitin system，it well suits public spaces and is mre secure.(要点2)The multi-angled images lessen the pssibility f cheating, and the system is efficiently emplyed in many fields, including smartphnes, cmputers and crime-slving.(要点3)Hwever，t prtect privacy, facial images must be cllected with permissin and well prtected.(要点4)
专题强化练(二十六)
Writing 1
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2024·江门一模)Watering is key t grwing plants well, s here we lk at hw t get it just right. This means nt nly prviding the water ur gardens need but using it wisely. Water is a precius resurce and water supplies in the UK are under pressure frm the effects f climate change, ppulatin increase and the need t prtect the envirnment. Generally, several aspects need t be cnsidered.
When t water
Water in the mrnings, if yu can, as this is when the sun cmes up and plants start t transpire (蒸腾) in sunlight, drawing water frm the sil, thrugh their rts, up their stems and t their leaves. Evening watering is als fine, as the cler cnditins mean less water is lst t evapratin (蒸发). Watering in the heat f the day is nt a gd idea, as much water is lst thrugh evapratin frm the surface f the sil. Plants will use water mre efficiently if watered in the cler parts f the day.
Hw t water
Watering thrughly matters. It helps get the water dwn t the deeper rt tips where it's needed. But, equally imprtant, the sil desn't have t be really wet all the time because plants' rts need air as well as water t grw well. Otherwise, there might be n flwer r fruit, and even a wrse result might cme alng.
Other tips
T use water in the mst ecnmical way, it's gd t learn different plants' watering requirements. Fr example, a cntainer plant in ht sunny weather may need watering daily, whereas a mature shrub might nly need a drink in extreme drught. Annual flwers and vegetables prduced in the spring are likely t need mre watering than self-swn r autumn grwn plants as they have new and shallw rt systems. S, dn't treat all the plants in the same way.
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One pssible versin：
It is necessary that we water right, which means prviding the water ur gardens need and using it wisely.(要点1) Yu shuld water in the mrning when the sun cmes up and plants start t transpire in sunlight, drawing water frm the sil.(要点2) Yu shuld water thrughly, which helps get the water dwn t the deeper rt tips.(要点3) T use water in an ecnmical way, it's gd t learn different plants' watering requirements.(要点4)
Writing 2
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
(2024·广州二模)With travel and the envirnment in the news s much lately, yu've prbably heard the wrd ecturism. As travelers becme mre aware f their effect n the planet and want t d their part t make a difference, ecturism has really taken ff.
What is ecturism? The definitin isn't as hard t determine as yu might think. Accrding t the Internatinal Ecturism Sciety, it is defined as “respnsible travel t natural areas that prtects the envirnment and sustains the well-being f the lcal peple”. T be simple, it's travel that has a psitive effect n a destinatin's eclgy and ecnmy.
Ecturism lets travelers participate in activities that benefit the envirnment. Fr example, travelers can act as citizen scientists in places arund the wrld, including natinal parks and dive sites, t help d research and cllect data. Meanwhile, ecturism helps lcal cmmunities t d well and becme successful and strng. That can happen in a number f ways, invlving sme types f financial aspect, frm prviding jbs t supprting lcal businesses.
Being a respnsible traveler, yu'll have a much mre satisfying and rewarding experience. Instead f simply visiting turist attractins and eating at chain restaurants, yu can get cmpletely invlved in a lcal culture and really get t knw the peple wh live there. It enriches yur wn life and pens yur mind t new ideas.
Ecturism is an amazing way t discver the wrld. Nature is full f wnders everywhere. Being able t get ut in a natural area that is prtected and largely undevelped ffers a chance t cnnect
with plants and animals yu may never see anywhere else. Just be sure t leave it as yu fund it fr future explrers t discver. Get yur sneakers ready, pack yur bags and head fr nature. A big and beautiful wrld is waiting fr yu ut there.
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One pssible versin：
Ecturism prmtes respnsible travel t natural areas, benefiting bth the envirnment and lcal cmmunities.(要点1) Travelers engage in envirnmental research, supprt lcal ecnmies, and gain cultural experiences.(要点2) It ffers unique pprtunities t cnnect with nature's wnders while emphasizing the imprtance f leaving these areas untuched fr future generatins.(要点3) Ecturism is an exciting way t explre the wrld respnsibly.(要点4)审题
体裁
说明文
议论文
记叙文
时态
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般将来时
混合时态
主题
主题句
要点
归纳段落大意
常见的写
作顺序
空间顺序
介绍事物空间结构的顺序(从上到下；从外到内；从整体到局部)
时间顺序
介绍事物发展的先后顺序
逻辑
顺序
描述事物的性质、功能
针对现象提出解决方法或措施
介绍现象及其原因
常见的说
明方法
下定义(definitin)
分类别(classificatin)
举例子(example)
做比较(cmparisn & cntrast)
引用(qutatin)
打比方(metaphr)
说明文
的结构
开头段
要说明的对象
中间段
说明事物、现象的性质、功能或提出解决方法
结尾段
呼应首段，对应主题
原词
替换词
1
abut关于
cncerning、 regarding、 related t、 relevant t
2
actually事实上
in fact、 as a matter f fact、 in reality
3
aim at旨在
be aimed t、 be aimed at、 be intended t、 be meant t
4
appear出现
turn up、 shw up
5
apprach靠近，临近
cme near、 draw near
6
besides而且，另外
additinally、 in additin、 what's mre、 mrever、 furthermre
7
be prud f为……感到骄傲/自豪
take pride in
8
energetic精力充沛的
full f energy
9
have fun玩得开心
enjy neself、 have a gd time
10
hld举行
take place
11
hnr/hnur纪念
in hnr/hnur f
12
clever聪明的
intelligent、 wise、 smart、 bright、 brilliant
13
in a wrd总之
all in all、 in cnclusin、 in shrt、 t cnclude、 t sum up
14
in the end最后
finally、 eventually、 at the end f
15
in the beginning开始
at the start f