2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第二讲词形转换

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第二讲词形转换，共11页。
[解析] 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为名词，空处与prtective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，因此应考虑词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式。根据语境及句子结构可知，空处应用形容词形式。
[答案] functinal
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定是否考查词形转换
提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式
根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词性转换形式，确保名词单复数形式正确，副词、形容词比较等级形式转换正确。
考法1 动词的词形转换
提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
[试做经典]
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In cld weather, the structure stays _________(clse) t prtect the plants.
clsed 考查形容词。空前的stays作系动词，空处作表语，表示“关闭的”，应用形容词clsed。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vwed (承诺) t prmte the idea at the _________(cmplete) f their jurney.
cmpletin 考查名词。根据前面的the和后面的f可知，空处应用名词cmpletin。
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the _________(criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items.
criticism 考查名词。提示词为动词，根据空前的定冠词the及空后的定语从句“that they lead t waste”可知，空处应作because f的宾语，空处应用名词形式。
4．(2024·淄博一模)Hwever, the stable water surce ensures a _________(sustain) water supply t the spring.
sustainable 考查形容词。设空处在a与名词water supply之间，应用形容词，作前置定语。
5．(2024·青岛二模)With a knife, thread, and tthpicks, he then refines it and eventually creates a lifelike and visually _________(strike) dugh sculpture.
striking 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词dugh sculpture，应用形容词作定语。
6．(2024·镇江考前保温卷)Different frm ther parts f China, the themes expressed in Mia embridery (刺绣) are shwy, _________(imagine), and ften based n flklres (民俗).
imaginative 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的表语，形容苗绣的主题，应用形容词，imagine的形容词形式为imaginative，意为“富有想象力的”，符合句意。
7．(2024·湛江一模)They either serve as a _________(remind) f peple's ld childhd flavrs, r relate t festival traditins and nstalgic (怀旧的) memries.
reminder 考查名词。根据空前的a和句意可知，空处应用名词，所给词remind的名词形式为reminder，意为“提醒物，引起回忆的事物”，符合句意。
8．(2024·广东2月大联考)Just under that “cut” lies Qinglngqia railway statin, which has witnessed the _________(develp) f rail in China.
develpment 考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处应用名词。
[技法点拨]
1．如何判断填形容词
(1)作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词；
(2)作表语，表主语的性质或状态；
(3)作主语补足语，补充说明主语；
(4)作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语；
(5)作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。
2．如何判断填名词
(1)作表语，表明主语是“什么”，说明主语的身份、特征；
(2)作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语；
(3)作定语，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别。
考法2 名词的词形转换
名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词的词形变化和名词所有格。
[试做经典]
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level, the natinal parks, in particular, tend t catch ur attentin because f their large size and variety. They are _________(treasure) f American heritage (遗产).
treasures 考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的f可知，空处应用名词复数，表示它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。
2．(2023·全国甲卷)_________(difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn's stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral.
Different 考查形容词。be different frm是固定短语，意为“与……不同”。此处作状语，应去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Althugh they culd never have met, there are cmmn _________(theme) in their wrks, said Paul Edmndsn, head f research fr the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
themes 考查名词复数。根据空前的there are可知，此处应用名词复数themes。
4．(2023·浙江卷1月)The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by _________(space) hmes and walled gardens.
spacius 考查形容词。空处修饰名词hmes，需要用形容词作定语。
5．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)These plants included mdern Western _________(favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
favurites 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词included的宾语，前面的mdern Western为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的“such as rsemary，lavender and fennel”可知，空处表示复数概念，应用favurites。
6．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)“He saved my _________(sn) life，” said Mrs. Brwn.
sn's 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，life与提示词sn之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。
7．(2024·辽宁协作校第一次模拟)Perhaps knitting ur brws, setting ur jaws, and narrwing ur eyes int a serius, fcused r determined _________(face) expressin can help us perfrm better and ease the stress.
facial 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语修饰名词expressin，表示“面部表情”，应用形容词形式。
8．(2024·青岛二模)His wrks center n _________(her) f ancient Chinese myths and classics.
heres 考查名词复数。根据后置定语f ancient Chinese myths and classics可知，空处的英雄人物不止一个，应用名词的复数形式。
9．(2024·福州高级中学适应性训练)Wu believes the Grand Canal is ften cmpared with the West Lake, ne f the mst famus scenic _________(attractin) in Hangzhu.
attractins 考查名词复数。attractin在此处意为“游览胜地”，为可数名词，又因空前有 ne f the mst famus 修饰，所以用名词的复数形式。
10．(2024·娄底模拟)Hua'er, which literally means flwer in Chinese, is knwn as a type f “muntain sngs” and has been wildly ppular in _________ (China) Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang fr hundreds f years.
China's 考查名词所有格。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处需用名词China的所有格形式作定语，修饰后面的名词Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang，表示所属关系。
[技法点拨]
1．名词的单复数
(1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：
①有数词或these、thse、several、few、many、all、bth、varius、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；
②名词前有ne f、 amng时用名词的复数形式；
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。
(2)以结尾的单词除了两人(Negr、her)、两菜(tmat、ptat)加es外，其余一般加s；
(3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、peple、sheep、deer、fish等；
(4)永远不可数的名词：fun、 furniture、 infrmatin、 prgress、 advice、 weather、 equipment、 hmewrk、 luggage/baggage等；
(5)特殊变化：man→men、wman→wmen、tth→teeth、ft→feet、child→children、muse→mice等。
2．名词转换为形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
3.名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。
(1)单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加's；
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。
考法3 形容词、副词的词形转换
[试做经典]
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Tw years later，18 years befre Wyming became a state, Yellwstne became the first natinal park in the United States and the wrld. Yellwstne was the _________(large) United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
largest 考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the及句意可知，空处应用形容词最高级，表示“最大的”。
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd's internatinal _________(visible), said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed t find the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
visibility 考查名词。internatinal是形容词，应修饰名词。visible的名词形式为visibility，表示“知名度”。
3．(2023·浙江卷1月)The term “hutng”， _________(riginal) meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
riginally 考查副词。空处修饰动词meaning，应用副词形式。
4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute that/which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the _________(rich) f gardening in England.
richness 考查名词。空处跟在定冠词the之后，且空后的f gardening对空处进行限定，因此应用名词richness。
5．(2024·江苏决胜新高考5月联考)Accrding t a survey, children's addictin t nline games is clsely related t parent-child relatins: the better the relatinship is, the _________(likely) a kid is t be addicted t nline games.
less likely 考查比较级。“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”为固定句式，意为“越……，就越……”。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词比较级less likely表示“较不可能的”。
6．(2024·枣庄二模)I have visited many cities in China, and Beijing is the ne I lve _________(much).
mst 考查最高级。根据句意可知，此处表示最喜欢北京，应用副词最高级修饰动词lve。
7．(2024·苏州考前练习卷)Statistics shw that the series has gained a rating f 7.9 ut f 10 n the freign review cmpany IMDb and has accumulated 5 millin views n ne f the _________(ppular) vide platfrms in the wrld.
mst ppular 考查最高级。“ne＋f＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，空处应用ppular的最高级形式mst ppular，意为“最受欢迎的”。
8．(2024·潮州二模)This change led t fd becming mre _________ (easy) available.
easily 考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词available，应用副词形式。
9．(2024·汕头二模)Firstly, the Chinese peple wrk _________ (incredible) hard.
incredibly 考查副词。空处修饰副词hard，应用副词形式。
10．(2024·岳阳第二次质检)Getting int the spirit f Lunar New Year, the wman said her hpe fr the Year f the Rabbit is “health, happiness, prsperity and peace fr everyne, and _________(equal) fr everybdy and every culture...”
equality 考查名词。根据句意和连词and可知，空处与名词health, happiness, prsperity and peace是并列关系，应用名词形式，且equality为抽象名词，不可数。
11．(2024·张家界二模)It fund wider _________(ppular) during the Ming and Qing dynasties when it was used t fend ff diseases, insects, msquites and preserve peple's health.
ppularity 考查名词。wider为形容词，后接名词作宾语。
[技法点拨]
1．形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词形式或名词形式；
(2)若空处作定语、表语，则应考虑用形容词形式；
(3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式；
(4)若空处在介词后，则应考虑用名词形式作宾语。
2．形容词变副词规律
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加ly，如：quick →quickly、anxius→ anxiusly；
(2)以e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加ly，如：immediate→immediately、brave→bravely (例外：true→truly)；
(3)一些以le结尾的形容词去e加y，如：simple→simply、 gentle→gently、 pssible→pssibly (例外：whle→whlly)；
(4)“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i，再加ly，如：happy→happily、 easy→easily (例外：shy→ shyly)；
(5)以ic结尾的形容词加ally，如：ecnmic→ecnmically、 basic→basically (例外：public→publicly)；
(6)以ll结尾的形容词在其后加y，如：full →fully、 dull →dully。
3．形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lt、a great deal、than等标志词时用比较级；
②空后有表示范围的标志词in、f、amng等时用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……”；
②“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义；
③句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。
考法4 代词的词形转换
[试做经典]
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f _________(they) cntents.
their 考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词cntents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)What shuld be dne with such a beautiful place? They wndered ut lud. This area, with _________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved fr all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.
its 考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词its。
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Wh knws, perhaps sme f the mre frward-lking _________(ne) may yet cme ut with a whle range f “just fr yu” pack sizes with special ffers as well.
nes 考查代词。代词ne意为“(在某类人中的)一个”，其前有sme f限定修饰，应用ne的复数形式。
4．(2024·郴州三模)Octpuses (章鱼) have the amazing ability t hide _________(they) in their envirnments, using unique rgans in their skin that can shrink and expand within secnds.
themselves 考查代词。当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词；此处指“章鱼自己”，应用反身代词themselves。
5．(2024·厦门质检)His mther jkingly asked _________(he) whether the sugar was sweet, and he said, “Yes, it is sweet enugh.”
him 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作asked的宾语，应用he的宾格形式him。
6．(2024·安徽名校4月质检)Shalise Leesfield, a 16-year-ld Australian, devtes _________(she) t the prtectin f the gray nurse shark.
herself 考查代词。“devte neself t...”是固定搭配，意为“献身于……；致力于……”，此处用反身代词herself作宾语，与主语Shalise Leesfield构成互指关系。
[技法点拨]
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。
Test 1
(2024·杭州二模)It's cmmn t see a barista (咖啡师) create cffee art, but it's a whle different ball game ding the same thing with tea. Han Zheming, 1._________ 80-year-ld Shanghai resident, has managed 2._________(perfect) the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha (点茶) in Chinese, which used t be a rutine during the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). Over the past decades, he 3._________(use) tea and spns t create nearly 200 patterns 4._________(base) n ancient paintings.
It's als his intentin t bring the ld ritual back t mdern life and have mre peple appreciate 5._________(it) charm. “Dian cha in mdern brewing enhances the taste f tea，” Han says. “It is similar 6._________ the fam n tp f a cup f cffee, except that it is made f tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started t enjy 7._________(ppular) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flurished thrughut the Sng Dynasty, 8.________ tea had becme a necessity fr almst everyne, frm nbles and schlars t cmmn peple, just like ther imprtant items, such as rice, il and salt, as suggested by Sng plitician and thinker Wang Anshi.
9．_________(ttal) different frm the methd f brewing tea during the Tang perid, in the Sng Dynasty, the ppular way f having tea was thrugh dian cha. The actin f puring ht water ver fine pwdered tea is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which 10._________(list) as an intangible cultural heritage f Runzhu district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu Prvince, in 2019.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“点茶”的历史以及韩喆明是如何完善“点茶”技术和传播“点茶”文化的。
1．an 考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指一名上海居民，故空处应用不定冠词，“80”的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
2．t perfect 考查固定搭配。manage t d sth.为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”。
3．has used 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和时间状语Over the past decades可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语为he，助动词应用has。
4．based 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，故空处应用非谓语动词，“be based n...”意为“以……为基础”，patterns和base之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应用过去分词作后置定语。
5．its 考查代词。空后charm为名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰。
6．t 考查固定搭配。“be similar t...”为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”。
7．ppularity 考查名词。enjy为动词，后接名词作宾语，ppular为形容词，对应的名词为ppularity，为不可数名词。
8．when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Sng Dynasty，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。
9．Ttally 考查副词。different为形容词，空处应用副词，在句中作状语，注意句首单词首字母大写。
10．was listed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和时间状语in 2019可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，句子为which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词dian cha和list之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态；先行词dian cha为单数，所以填was listed。
Test 2
(2024·玉溪一模)Prihardinni, frm the Indnesian city f Surabaya, is amazed at hw traditinal Chinese medicine (TCM) 1._________ (cntinue) t develp since she began studying it.
The 20-year-ld arrived in China in 2019 and initially studied Chinese in the eastern Chinese city f Wuxi. She is 2._________(current) a freshman at the Gansu University f Chinese Medicine, the nly university in Nrthwest China permitted t grant a dctral degree in TCM, 3._________ is a medical system with thusands f years f histry and widespread internatinal 4._________(ppular).
When Prihardinni was 10 years ld, she suffered 5._________ cntinuus headaches. S, her mther tk her t see a TCM dctr near their hme. The dctr checked her pulse, examined her face and tngue, and wrte dwn a prescriptin (处方). After several 6._________(week) f cnsuming the bitter herbal medicine, her symptms were relieved, and she fund cmfrt.
“His medical skills were like magic，” Prihardinni recalls. The memry f being cured by TCM was remembered in Prihardinni's heart and it encuraged her 7._________(pursue) TCM study majring in the clinical science f Chinese and Western medicines.
“Peple in my cuntry are becming increasingly interested in TCM. 8._________(vary) scial media vlggers are dcumenting their experiences with Chinese medicine，” Prihardinni says, 9._________(add) that she plans t return t her hmetwn after graduatin and pen a TCM clinic. “I want t tell my friends and relatives that Chinese medicine is als 10._________ gd and trustwrthy chice.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。来自印度尼西亚的普林哈迪尼开始学习中医以来，对中医药的持续发展感到惊讶。文章介绍了普林哈迪尼学习中医的起因、经过和她对中医的看法。
1．has cntinued 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据其后的 “since she began studying it”可知，本句需用现在完成时，主语Prihardinni为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。
2．currently 考查副词。空处修饰 be 动词is，需要使用副词形式。
3．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词TCM，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。
4．ppularity 考查名词。空前的internatinal是形容词，其后跟名词。
5．frm 考查介词。suffer frm意为“患病”，为固定短语。
6．weeks 考查名词复数。根据空前的 several可知，应用可数名词复数。
7．t pursue 考查非谓语动词。encurage sb. t d sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定搭配。
8．Varius 考查形容词。空处修饰其后的名词短语scial media vlggers，需用形容词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。
9．adding 考查非谓语动词。空前已有谓语动词says，空处在句中为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 Prihardinni 是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。
10．a 考查冠词。chice 是可数名词单数，此处为泛指，且gd的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。常见后缀
例 词
-able
acceptable、 adaptable、 adjustable、 affrdable等
-ed/-ing
cnfused、 wrried、 exciting、 encuraging等
-ive
impressive、 instructive、 appreciative、 prgressive等
-ful/-less
dubtful、 frgetful、 thankful、 hpeless、 stainless等
常见后缀
例 词
-ment
develpment、achievement、argument、mvement、amazement等
-in/-tin/-atin
relatin、addictin、intentin、determinatin、transprtatin、cmmunicatin等
-ing
meeting、greeting、drawing、painting、parking、writing等
-er/-r/
-ar
waiter、travel(l)er、farmer、wrker、teacher、reprter、sailr、survivr、liar、beggar等
-ance/
-ence
assistance、imprtance、perfrmance、existence、acceptance等
-al
survival、arrival、apprval、refusal、prpsal等
常见后缀
例 词
-able
hnrable、 fashinable等
-al
natural、 musical、 natinal、 persnal等
-ful
clurful、 meaningful、 useful、 careful等
-en
wden、 wlen、 glden、 earthen等
-y
wealthy、 healthy、 rainy、 sunny等