2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题五应用文写作第一讲写作高分技法

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题五应用文写作第一讲写作高分技法，共15页。
[命题特点]
►强调为了处理实际生活中的问题而写作，设置更加贴近真实生活的交际场景；
►注重惯用格式中体裁和话题的灵活对接，基于体裁，又能根据话题适当展开要点，使内容充实；
►提高开放性及灵活性，补充细节需合乎情理和逻辑，达成有效交际。
[命题形式]
提纲要点式，半开放写作。
提纲要点式作文是近几年高考英语应用文写作的热点形式，通常把提纲作文与其他常用体裁(如书信、电子邮件、活动报道、通知、演讲等)有机结合在一起进行考查。其特点如下：
1．要点明确，范围具体
提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求切割成块，以文本提示、要点提示和图表提示三种形式呈现，写作内容贴近学生的生活实际。如有标题，则用标题指定主题； 如有开头首句，则限定文章的起点及走向。
2．写作思路更加开放
为了提高得分档次，考生要在保证内容要点齐全的同时补充合理的细节。该类型的应用文写作要求合理而又紧扣主题的发挥，灵活地考查英语思维和语言运用能力。
[解题步骤]
第一步 审题
审题是写作的前提，是一篇写作成功的关键所在。确保审题正确，才能保证得到基本分。审题要把握两个立足点：体裁和话题。体裁决定写作的文体、对象、人称、时态和语气，将功能性词句与其适用的格式相结合；话题通过要点呈现，通过话题词、语块、语法结构构成完整、准确、丰富、得体、连贯的语言，实现丰富的话题意义和生动的情景呈现，形成文章的亮点。
第二步 构思
►三段式结构
严谨、清晰的行文逻辑是一篇优秀作文的典型特征。确定体裁和话题之后，使用正确规范的句子，进行清晰、合理、通顺的表达，才是满分作文的关键。根据卷面篇幅及考场效率选择最佳组合：三段式结构。
基于审题进行谋篇布局，即每部分主要写什么内容，各个要点如何展开，需要增添哪些细节。
►功能性词句结合其适用格式
根据写作目的和对象，结合各类文体的基本篇章结构，选择合适的功能性词句。有时应用文的考查不局限于一种文体，要注意综合构思，灵活选择。
►话题表达展开要点
根据写作的主题语境及话题，选择恰当的词句，尤其是课标要求的各类主题语境下的意义表达词句，精准表述，传递信息，最终达成交际的目的。
第三步 写作
在篇章构思的基础上，组织语言，撰写各部分内容。首先要注意内容与主题的密切统一，注重段间、句间的逻辑关系和语义关系，运用恰当的衔接词汇，使文章结构紧凑，行文流畅。
第一讲 写作高分技法
技法1 锤词炼句——精准表达，亮点提分
语言规范是满分作文的特点。考生要在没有错误的基础上，增添亮点表达。首先，要规范拼写，规避简单错误；其次，词汇基础要扎实，能够灵活使用高级词汇及语块；再次，语法知识要系统，确保正确使用各种语法结构。
增分亮点1 锤词炼句，地道准确
1．精准多样的动词
动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。精准的动词能够有效勾画交际场景，多样化的动词能够增加文章的生动性，恰如其分地传递信息和态度。
(普通表达)Lastly, the emergence f new energy vehicles, such as electric cars, has caused reducing pllutin and prmting sustainable develpment.
→(高级表达)Lastly, the emergence f new energy vehicles, such as electric cars, has cntributed/led t reducing pllutin and prmting sustainable develpment.(2024·全国甲卷)
(普通表达)These advancements shw China's prgress in creating a mdern, efficient, and envirnmentally friendly transprt system.
→(高级表达)These advancements highlight China's prgress in creating a mdern, efficient, and envirnmentally friendly transprt system.(2024·全国甲卷)
(普通表达)Tday I want t fcus n sme majr develpments, which include shared bicycles, high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.
→(高级表达)Tday I'd like t cncentrate/centre n sme majr develpments, which include shared bicycles, high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.(2024·全国甲卷)
2．充满表达力的名词
灵活使用一些充满表达力的名词，包括抽象意义的名词、常见动词的同根名词形式或名词词组，能够出众脱俗，为文章增色，成为得分的亮点。
(普通表达)The sunlight and the light wind made the whle scene cme t life.
→(高级表达)The sunlight and the gentle breeze made the whle scene cme t life.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)Knwn as a Chinese writer and plitician in the Sng Dynasty, Fan Zhngyan was highly appreciated because he did a lt fr sciety.
→(高级表达)Knwn as a Chinese writer and plitician in the Sng Dynasty, Fan Zhngyan was highly appreciated because he made great cntributins t sciety.(2023·全国甲卷)
3．丰富多彩的形容词
形容词是用来描述人或者事物的特征、性质、属性或状态的修饰性词汇，最主要的功能是修饰或者限定名词或代词。形容词的恰当使用能够为文章增色。
(普通表达)It was such a gd experience that I wuld always remember it in my mind.
→(高级表达)It was such an extrardinary/a memrable experience that I wuld always keep it in my memry.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)I chse t paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrunded by lively flwers and thick trees.
→(高级表达)I chse t paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrunded by vibrant flwers and thick trees.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
4．灵活多变的副词
副词指在句中表示行为或状态特征的词汇，主要用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。副词的恰当使用能够提高得分的档次。
(普通表达)Firstly, shared bicycles have becme a ppular chice in cities, prviding an ec-friendly and cst-effective way t travel shrt distances.
→(高级表达)T begin/start with, shared bicycles have becme a ppular chice in cities, prviding an ec-friendly and cst-effective way t travel shrt distances.(2024·全国甲卷)
增分亮点2 丰富表达，妙笔生花
高考评分标准中的“复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构”指句子结构的复合性和句型的多样性。复杂结构的运用，如强调句、倒装句、复合句及含有非谓语动词的高级句式，能彰显考生丰富的语言内涵。但是，在使用这些句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不造作，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩。考生平时要注重有意识地积累和背诵原汁原味的英语句子和文章，有意识地尝试使用或模仿。
1．非谓语动词，神采飞扬
(普通表达)The Students' Unin wanted t spark the interest in the plants arund us. Last Saturday the Students' Unin rganized an activity called “Getting t Knw the Plants Arund Us”.
→(高级表达)T spark the interest in the plants arund us, last Saturday the Students' Unin rganized an activity called “Getting t Knw the Plants Arund Us”．(动词不定式作目的状语)(2023·浙江卷1月)
(普通表达)I was inspired by the fantastic scenery and decided t create a waterclr painting f the small bridge ver the park's pnd which was surrunded by blming flwers.
→(高级表达)Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided t create a waterclr painting f the small bridge ver the park's pnd, surrunded by blming flwers.(过去分词短语作状语、定语)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)Besides, China's high-speed railway netwrk has cnnected varius cities effectively and has greatly saved travel time and prmted ecnmic develpment.
→(高级表达)Besides, China's high-speed railway netwrk has cnnected varius cities effectively, greatly saving travel time and prmting ecnmic develpment.(现在分词短语作状语)(2024·全国甲卷)
2．三大从句，绽放精彩
(普通表达)I painted the scenery f the park and in the park the willw branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily.
→(高级表达)I painted the scenery f the park, where the willw branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily.(定语从句)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)We all knw that changes in transprtatin will bring great changes t peple's lives.
→(高级表达)As we all knw, changes in transprtatin will bring great changes t peple's lives.(定语从句)(2024·全国甲卷)
(普通表达)When I put the dishes n the table, my parents gave me a thumbs-up.
→(高级表达)The mment I put the dishes n the table, my parents gave me a thumbs-up.(时间状语从句)(2023·全国乙卷)
(普通表达)We're verwhelmed with excitement t knw that an ral English class will be arranged fr us.
→(高级表达)We're verwhelmed with excitement at the knwledge that an ral English class will be arranged fr us.(同位语从句)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)It was very meaningful and interesting and yu cannt imagine it.
→(高级表达)Yu cannt imagine hw meaningful and interesting it was！(宾语从句)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)It's a simple and inexpensive activity and yu can d it anywhere, even in a small space.
→(高级表达)It's such a simple and inexpensive activity that yu can d it anywhere, even in a small space.(结果状语从句)(2024·浙江卷1月)
3．妙用it，巧做点睛
(普通表达)Oceans play a key rle in ur wrld, s I cnsider it is imprtant t prtect them.
→(高级表达)Oceans play a key rle in ur wrld, s I cnsider it significant t prtect them.(it作形式宾语)(2022·全国甲卷)
(普通表达)T imprve yur crdinatin, flexibility, and balance is als helpful.
→(高级表达)It is als helpful t imprve yur crdinatin, flexibility, and balance. (it作形式主语)(2024·浙江卷1月)
4．倒装句式，更胜一筹
(普通表达)It nt nly prvided me with an pprtunity t cnnect my artistic creatin with nature, but als enhanced my willingness t take inspiratin frm nature in the future.
→(高级表达)Nt nly did it prvide me with an pprtunity t cnnect my artistic creatin with nature, but it als enhanced my willingness t take inspiratin frm nature in the future.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)Fan Zhngyan is such a rle mdel that he always encurages me t be a man f nble character.
→(高级表达)Such a rle mdel is Fan Zhngyan that he always encurages me t be a man f nble character.(2023·全国甲卷)
5．强调句型，词若千钧
(普通表达)Hwever, I have sme suggestins fr the present gruping scheme.
→(高级表达)Hwever, I d have sme recmmendatins fr the present categrizatin scheme.(强调谓语)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
(普通表达)Thrugh this experience I have gained a deeper appreciatin fr Chinese cuisine.
→(高级表达)It is thrugh this experience that I have gained a deeper appreciatin fr Chinese cuisine. (强调句型)(2023·全国乙卷)
技法2 衔接过渡——构建逻辑，完美行文
满分作文的最大特点就是清晰流畅，一气呵成。巧妙的衔接与过渡就是其中的关键。用过渡衔接词把句与句、段与段巧妙地连接在一起，文章才会更加连贯、自然和紧凑，段落或文章的发展脉络也会更清晰，中心思想也会更明确。
[典例]
(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
(1)你完成的作品；
(2)你的感想。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Chris，
I'm writing t share with yu an art class I had in a park last Friday.
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________________________________________________________
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Yurs，
Li Hua
►满分作文第一步：“五定”审题，“三段”谋篇
►满分作文第二步：斟酌词句，话题表达成就亮点
1．我们被要求画出给我们留下最深刻印象的东西。(被动语态＋what引导宾语从句)
We were asked t paint what impressed us mst．
2．我的绘画主要是关于一个开心的场景，孩子们在绿草地上玩得很开心。(where引导定语从句)
My picture was mainly abut a happy scene where children enjyed themselves n the green grass.
3．孩子们又跑又跳，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。(with复合结构)
The children were running and jumping, with big smiles n their faces．
4．运用所学的各种绘画技能，我不仅展示了生命的活力，还展示了人与自然的和谐关系。(动词-ing形式作状语＋“nt als...”结构)
Using varius painting skills I had learned,I shwed nt nly the vitality f life but als the harmnius relatinship between humans and nature．
5．这堂美术课给我留下了深刻的印象，它总是提醒我生活充满了美好。(which引导定语从句)
The art class left a lasting impressin n me which always reminds me that life is full f beauty．
►满分作文第三步：巧妙过渡，完美成篇
Dear Chris，
I'm writing t share with yu an art class I had in a park last Friday.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
One pssible versin：
Dear Chris，
I'm writing t share with yu an art class I had in a park last Friday. Yu cannt imagine hw interesting it was and I culd hardly wait t share it with yu.
After we arrived at the park, the teacher gave a brief intrductin. Then, we were asked t paint what impressed us mst. My picture was mainly abut a happy scene where children enjyed themselves n the green grass. A big tree std in the middle, casting a pleasant shade. The children were running and jumping, with big smiles n their faces. Using varius painting skills I had learned, I shwed nt nly the vitality f life but als the harmnius relatinship between humans and nature. The art class left a lasting impressin n me which always reminds me that life is full f beauty.
I hpe we can have such an experience tgether smeday. Lking frward t yur reply!
Yurs，
Li Hua
Writing 1(建议信)
(2024·重庆第一次联合诊断)假定你是李华，美国“汉语桥(Chinese Bridge)”网上冬令营组织方正在网上征集活动内容，欢迎网友献计献策。请你给组织方写一封建议信，内容包括：
1.你建议的活动(至少两项)；
2.你的理由；
3.你的希望。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear cmmittee members，
I'm glad t knw that
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
One pssible versin:
Dear cmmittee members，
I'm glad t knw that yu are making a call fr events fr yur Chinese Bridge nline winter camp.
First, I'd like t recmmend yu a shrt vide abut the riginatin f the Chinese characters. Full f great fun, the vide will aruse freigners' interest in Chinese characters. Secndly, yu can hld a strytelling cmpetitin t spread Chinese culture. This can further campers' understanding f China, building a gd bridge between China and the utside wrld.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my suggestins int cnsideratin.
Yurs，
Li Hua
Writing 2(投稿)
(2024·菏泽二模)你校英语俱乐部正在举办题为“A Shiny Summer fr Graduatin Seasn”的英语征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1.毕业季暑期的意义；
2.你的打算；
3.对同学的建议。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
A Shiny Summer fr Graduatin Seasn
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________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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One pssible versin:
A Shiny Summer fr Graduatin Seasn
Hell, everyne. Sn we will graduate frm high schl. Next we will have a very lng summer hliday. And we have n hmewrk and n exams this summer hliday. This means that we can d things that we culdn't d r didn't have time t d befre because f the heavy pressure f high schl. Read a bk yu've always wanted t read, learn t drive r take a trip.
I plan t find a part-time jb in summer vacatin, and I will learn hw t drive. After that, I will g hiking with a mnth's salary.
Let's d it! After high schl graduatin, it means that we are adults, and we shuld make gd use f this summer vacatin t explre the new wrld.
Writing 3(活动报道)
(2024·天门5月适应性考试)假定你是李华，上周五你校英语俱乐部举办了“校园好声音”英文歌唱比赛。请你给校英语报写一篇关于该活动的报道，内容包括：
1.比赛的时间、地点和目的；
2.比赛的过程和结果；
3.学生的感受和收获。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
An English Sng Singing Cmpetitin
Called “The Vice f Schl”
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________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
An English Sng Singing Cmpetitin
Called “The Vice f Schl”
The English club f ur schl hsted an English Sng Singing Cmpetitin called “The Vice f Schl” last Friday in the schl hall, aiming t enrich the students' schl life.
Twenty representatives were selected t shw their talents in singing. With amazing dressing and beautiful singing, they managed t make deep impressins n all the students and teachers. After the heated cmpetitin, three winners std ut and were awarded by the chairman f the club.
Thrugh the activity, nt nly culd students be free frm their study pressure and enjy themselves fr a while, but they were als inspired t learn English in varius ways.
Writing 4(邀请信)
(2024·菏泽一模)假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举行主题为“My Yuth，My Dream”的英语演讲比赛，请你给外教丽莎(Lisa)写一封邮件，邀请她担任评委。内容包括：
1.比赛目的；
2.时间和地点；
3.期待参与。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Lisa，
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
One pssible versin：
Dear Lisa，
I'm Li Hua, chairman f the Students' Unin. I'm writing t invite yu t be a judge at ur English speech cntest.
The English speech cntest is entitled “My Yuth, My Dream”， which is aimed t make us senir students firm in ur ideals and determined t strive. It will be held at 8：00 a．m. n February 23rd in the lecture hall in ur schl. As yu are an expert in life planning, yur attendance means s much t us.
It wuld be ur great hnr if yu culd accept ur invitatin and get yur time spared. Lking frward t yur timely reply.
Yurs，
Li Hua考试年份
试卷名称
考查体裁
考查类型
题材内容
2024
新高考
全国卷Ⅰ
电子邮件
半开放类
分享在公园上美术课的经历
全国甲卷
发言稿
图表类
中国交通的发展
浙江卷1月
投稿
半开放类
推荐一项适合课间开展的运动
2023
新高考
全国卷Ⅰ
建议信
半开放类
对外教提出口语分组练习的建议
全国甲卷
投稿
半开放类
介绍中国历史人物
全国乙卷
投稿
半开放类
分享假期学到的新技能
浙江卷1月
活动报道
半开放类
认识我们身边的植物
2022
新高考
全国卷Ⅰ
邀请信
半开放类
邀请外教参加校广播站英语节目访谈
全国甲卷
投稿
半开放类
阐述海洋的重要性并发出保护海洋的倡议
全国乙卷
投稿
图表类
描述并评论学生英语学习活动调查结果
浙江卷6月
邀请信
半开放类
邀请留学生同学一起体验图书馆“小组学习室”
浙江卷1月
电子邮件
半开放类
回忆文化节活动的经历
审题五要素
审话题
根据题目设置的情境，确定文章的中心内容
审体裁
根据任务要求，确定文章的体裁，从而使用恰当的功能性词句
审格式
根据任务要求，确定文章的格式
审内容
根据题目中所给信息和具体要点进行构思，包括文字、表格或图片提示；
通过话题相关的表达确定文章的话题意义
审语言
根据题目设置的情境，确定文章的基本时态、人称与合适的语气等基本要素
用法
过渡词
典例
用在段落起始的过渡词
generally speaking、t begin/start with、first f all、in the first place、as we knw、as is knwn t all、as is shwn in...等
Generally speaking, nline learning has increasingly becme an imprtant means fr peple t acquire knwledge and slve prblems.
一般来说，在线学习已经日益成为人们获取知识和解决问题的一种重要方式。
用在段落结尾进行总结的过渡词
t sum up、in cnclusin、in a wrd、in the lng run、 in summary、 all in all等
In cnclusin, it was a valuable and enriching experience, leaving a lasting impressin n all f us. 总之，这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，给我们所有人留下了深刻的印象。
用以表达时间顺序的过渡词
现在：nwadays、 nw、 at present、 currently等
最近：lately、 recently等
首先/开始： at first、 first f all等
后来/不久：after、 afterwards、 later n、 sn afterwards、 after a while、 befre lng、 since、 sner r later等
与此同时： meanwhile、 in the meantime、 at the same time、 while等
最后/最终： finally、 in the end、 at last等
Seeing peple ding warm-up exercises with great enthusiasm, we culdn't wait t jin them.Sn afterwards, the signal fired, we began ur crss-cuntry race.
看到人们热情地做热身运动，我们迫不及待地加入他们。不久之后，信号响起，我们开始了越野比赛。
用以表达空间顺序的过渡词
n ne the ther side...、 n the ppsite side、 in frnt f、 in the center f、 in the distance、 in/dwn the middle f、 at the back f、 n/t the left/right、 clse t、 next t、 nearby、 beynd、 behind the tp(s) f、 in the lw land alng...等
Dwn the middle f the valley runs a clear, fast stream in which ne may fish. In the lw land alng the stream are the farmlands; beynd them is the grassland. Behind the tps f the first hills are the big muntains.
一条清澈湍急的溪流沿着山谷的中部流淌着，人们可以在溪中钓鱼。沿溪而下，低地处是农田；越过农田是草原。一群小山的山顶后面是一座座大山。
用以表示因果的过渡词
because、 because f、 as a result/cnsequence (f)、 due t、 wing t、 thanks t、 nw that、 therefre、 cnsequently等
Our prgramme is designed t enhance students' awareness f envirnmental prtectin. Therefre/Cnsequently, the tpic f the cming shw will be envirnmental prtectin in ur daily life.
我们的节目旨在增强学生们的环境保护意识。因此，即将到来的演出的主题将是我们日常生活中的环境保护。
用以表示强调的过渡词
undubtedly、 certainly、 indeed、 abve all、 definitely、 surely、 t tell (yu) the truth等
Undubtedly, never have I seen such an exceptinal city with s many histric sites.
毫无疑问，我从未见过一个如此独特并拥有如此多的历史遗迹的城市。
用以表示递进或补充的过渡词
in additin、additinally、furthermre、als、mrever、what's mre、besides、nt als...、t make matters wrse、wrse still、mre/mst imprtantly、last but nt least等
This activity hlds great significance as it nt nly fsters cultural understanding but als allws me t share my wn culture and learn frm thers. 这项活动具有重要意义，因为它不仅促进文化理解，而且让我分享自己的文化并了解其他的文化。
用以举例的过渡词
including、fr example、fr instance、such as等
There are varius themes fr us t chse frm, including calligraphy, martial arts and papercutting.
有各种各样的主题供我们选择，包括书法、武术和剪纸。
用以表示让步或转折的过渡词
but、hwever、nevertheless、althugh、thugh、yet、n the cntrary、therwise、despite、in spite f、regardless f、rather than、instead f、unfrtunately、n matter...、even if/thugh等
Thugh frustrated, I didn't lse heart. Instead, I sught advice frm my teacher and practiced mre. 尽管很沮丧，但我没有丧失信心。相反，我向我的老师寻求建议并多加练习。
用以表示比较和对比的过渡词
like、unlike、in the same way、similarly、as fr、in cntrast、whereas、n the ne the ther hand...、while等
T be mre exact, thse wh make gd use f the smart phnes benefit greatly while thse wh cannt resist the temptatin get addicted.
更确切地说，那些恰当地利用智能手机的人受益匪浅，而那些无法抵制智能手机的诱惑的人则会上瘾。
用以表示观点的过渡词
persnally、I think、in my pinin、I'm afraid、as I see it、as far as I'm cncerned等
In my pinin, the abslute mst imprtant that I learn when I play sprts is hw t stay strng even in tugh situatins.
在我看来，我从体育运动中学到的最重要的东西是如何在困难的情况下保持强壮。
定体裁
电子邮件
定时态
陈述过去的经历用一般过去时；表达感受可用一般过去时或一般现在时
定人称
第☑一□二□三人称为主
定要点、定结构
三段
谋篇
第一段
开篇点题
表明写信的目的：分享在公园上美术课的经历；概括介绍这次经历
第二段
3个要点
缺一不可
1.简要介绍背景；
2．详细介绍自己完成的作品；
3．表达自己的感想
第三段
巧妙收尾
表达希望及期待