福建省福州名校联盟2024～2025学年度第一学期期末联考高三英语试题Word版（附听力与参考答案）

这是一份福建省福州名校联盟2024～2025学年度第一学期期末联考高三英语试题Word版（附听力与参考答案），文件包含福建省福州名校联盟2024～2025学年度第一学期期末联考高三英语试题docx、福建省福州名校联盟2024～2025学年度第一学期期末联考高三英语试题pdf、福建省福州名校联盟2024～2025学年度第一学期期末联考高三英语听力mp3等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. When will the wman meet the staff manager?
A. At 9: 30. B. At 11: 00.C. At 12: 40.
2. Why hasn’t the wman seen the man fr a lng time?
A. He went traveling.B. He mved t Glasgw.C. He was ill.
3. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. At a restaurant.B. At a supermarket.C. At hme.
4. Hw des the man feel nw?
A. Excited.B. Regretful.C. Refreshed.
5. What is the man ding?
A. Offering a favr.B. Serving a custmer.C. Shwing the way.
第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Making an uting plan. B. Entertaining friends. C. Wrking n a car.
7. What des the wman ask the man t d?
A. Cancel his plan t meet Frank.
B. Invite Frank t jin them.
C. Ignre their guests.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What is the wman shpping fr?
A. Envelpes.B. A camera. C. Art supplies.
9. What additinal service des the man mentin?
A. Pht printing.B. Online purchasing. C. In-stre mailing.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What des Grace need Jack t d?
A. Fix the cpy machine.B. Attend a staff meeting. C. Print sme dcuments.
11. What d we knw abut the cpy machine?
A. It is under repair.
B. It is in pr cnditin.
C. It has brken dwn three times.
12. Where is Jack heading next?
A. A branch ffice.B. A cpy shp. C. A repair shp.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the jb abut?
A. Guest receptin. B. Htel decratin.C. Building design.
14. Hw lng will it take t finish the jb?
A. Five days.B. Fur days.C. Three days.
15. Wh will tell the client abut the update?
A. Richard.B. The man.C. The wman.
16. Why des the wman want the jb t g smthly?
A. T attract mre wrkers.
B. T get mre jb pprtunities.
C. T shrten the wrking perid.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did Britt want t build a website riginally?
A. After university.B. At university.C. At high schl.
18. Why did Brit change the name f her website?
A. The riginal name wasn’t suitable.
B. She wanted t include ther games.
C. The website wasn’t successful at first.
19. What can we learn abut the cntent f the website?
A. It’s wide-ranging. B. It’s ld-fashined. C. It’s student-targeted.
20. What is the main fcus f the website?
A. Make-up and fashin. B. Cmputer games. C. Team sprts.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Cffee is a belved beverage arund the wrld, and different regins are famus fr their unique cffee flavrs and prductin methds. Let's take a lk at the cffee frm three distinct places belw.
Clmbia: The Land f High-Quality Arabica
The cuntry's ideal climate, with plenty f rainfall and mderate temperatures in the cffee-grwing regins, prvides perfect cnditins fr cffee cultivatin. Clmbian cffee is ften described as having a smth and well-balanced flavr, with ntes f chclate, nuts, and a hint f fruitiness. Many cffee lvers appreciate its mild acidity, which makes it a great chice fr thse wh prefer a less intense cffee experience.
Ethipia: The Cradle f Cffee with Rich Flavrs
Ethipia is cnsidered the birthplace f cffee. It has a lng and rich histry f cffee prductin that dates back centuries. Ethipian cffee is knwn fr its diverse range f flavrs. The beans frm different regins within the cuntry can vary greatly in taste. Sme have a flral and citrusy flavr prfile, while thers might ffer a mre earthy and spicy taste. The unique prcessing methds used by lcal farmers als cntribute t the distinctiveness f Ethipian cffee.
Vietnam: Rbusta and the Distinctive Brewing Style
Vietnam is a majr cffee prducer in Asia. It is famus fr its Rbusta cffee beans. Vietnamese cffee has a strng and bld flavr with a relatively high caffeine cntent. It is ften brewed using a drip methd with a metal filter, which results in a thick and cncentrated cffee. The additin f cndensed milk is a ppular way t enjy Vietnamese cffee, giving it a sweet and creamy tuch that sets it apart frm the cffees f ther regins.
Whether yu prefer the smthness f Clmbian cffee, the cmplex flavrs f Ethipian cffee, r the bldness f Vietnamese cffee, each f these regins ffers a unique cffee experience that has captivated cffee enthusiasts wrldwide.
In terms f cffee flavr, which statement is incrrect abut the three cuntries?
A. Clmbian cffee has varius flavrs while Ethipian cffee varies in flavr by regin.
B. Vietnamese cffee is bld due t Rbusta beans and cndensed milk.
C. Clmbian cffee is mre intense than Ethipian cffee because f higher caffeine.
D. Ethipian cffee's diverse flavr relates t different prcessing methds.
Regarding cffee prductin and brewing in these cuntries, which is crrect?
A. Clmbia grws bth Arabica and Rbusta beans fr diverse flavr.
B. Ethipia prcesses beans unifrmly fr cnsistent flavr.
C. Vietnamese brewing with a metal filter affects flavr and caffeine cntent.
D. All cuntries use unique ways t bring ut bean flavrs.
Cnsidering histrical and cultural aspects f cffee in these cuntries, which is accurate?
A. Clmbia started cffee cultivatin later, learning frm thers.
B. Ethipia's cffee culture deeply influences glbal culture.
C. Vietnam mainly fcuses n dmestic cffee demand.
D. The three cuntries' cffee cultures have n cnnectin.
B
Intensive wrk and travel did nt leave much time fr a private life. At the age f 43 Alfred Nbel was feeling like an ld man. He placed an ad in a newspaper seeking a mature, multilingual wman t serve as his secretary and husehld supervisr. The mst suitable candidate turned ut t be Austrian Cuntess Bertha Kinsky. Hwever, after a brief stint with Nbel, she returned t Austria t wed Cunt Arthur vn Suttner. In spite f this Alfred Nbel and Bertha vn Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters t each ther fr decades. Over the years Bertha vn Suttner became increasingly critical f the arms race.
She wrte a famus bk, Lay Dwn Yur Arms and became a prminent figure in the peace mvement. N dubt this influenced Alfred Nbel when he wrte his final will which was t include a Prize fr persns r rganizatins wh prmted peace. Several years after the death f Alfred Nbel, the Nrwegian Strting (Parliament) decided t award the 1905 Nbel Peace Prize t Bertha vn Suttner.
Alfred Nbel died in San Rem, Italy, n December 10, 1896. When his will was pened it came as a surprise that his frtune was t be used fr Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physilgy r Medicine, Literature and Peace. The executrs f his will were tw yung engineers, Ragnar Shlman and Rudlf Lillequist. They set abut frming the Nbel Fundatin as an rganizatin t take care f the financial assets left by Nbel fr this purpse and t crdinate the wrk f the Prize-Awarding Institutins. This was nt withut its difficulties since the will was cntested by relatives and questined by authrities in varius cuntries.
Alfred Nbel's exceptinal talent lay in his unique ability t merge the insight f a scientist and inventr with the enterprising spirit f an industrialist. Nbel was very interested in scial and peace-related issues and held what were cnsidered uncmmn views in his era. He als pssessed a prfund lve fr literature and authred his wn petry and plays. The Nbel Prizes became an extensin and a fulfillment f his lifetime interests.
Which ne is true abut Nbel Fundatin?
A. It was set in December, 1896 with difficulties. B. It ffers varius types f awards t Eurpeans.
C. It was established after the death f Nbel. D. The first Nbel Prize was awarded in 1905.
Why did Alfred Nbel place an ad in the newspaper?
A. He wanted t find a wife. B. He needed help with wrk as his limited persnal life.
C. He was lking fr assistants fr the experiment. D. He was lking fr a business partner.
What can we categrize Lay Dwn Yur Arms int?
A. A science fictin mvie.B. An affair amng a cuple.
C. A nvel against military.D. A bigraphy f a peace activist.
Accrding t the last paragraph, which ne can best describes the characteristics f Alfred Nbel?
A. Adventurus and genuine. B. Ambitius and pen-minded. C. Industrius and mature. D. Dedicated but illiterate.
C
In ancient times, ambergris was used t scent csmetics in Mesptamia and almst every civilizatin in the wrld has encuntered it. Befre 1,000 AD, the Chinese named ambergris "lung-sien-hiang", which translates t "dragn's spittle perfume", as they believed it was created frm the saliva f dragns sleeping n rcks at the edge f the sea. The Arabs knew ambergris as anbar and believed it was prduced frm springs near the sea, which is where it gets its name. Fr centuries, this substance has als been used as a flavring in fd. During the Middle Ages, Eurpeans used ambergris as a treatment fr headaches, clds, epilepsy, and ther illnesses. In the 1851 whaling nvel Mby-Dick, Herman Melville claimed that ambergris was "largely used in perfumery." Hwever, nbdy ever knew where it really came frm.
Experts were still guessing its rigin thusands f years later, until the lng ages f guesswrk ended in the 1720's, when Nantucket whalers fund gbs f the cstly material inside the stmachs f sperm whales Industrial whaling quickly burgened（兴起）. By 20th century ambergris is mainly recvered frm inside the carcasses（尸体）f sperm whales.
Thrugh cuntless ages, peple have fund pieces f ambergris n sandy beaches. It was named gray amber t distinguish it frm glden amber, anther rare treasure. Bth f them were amng the mst sught-after substances in the wrld, almst as valuable as gld. (Grey amber sells fr rughly 20$ a gram,slightly less than gld at 30$ a gram.) Amber flats in salt water, and in ancient times, the rigin f bth these substances was mysterius. Hwever, it turned ut that amber and ambergris have little in cmmn. Amber is a type f hard, transparent（透明的）, and rganic material that has been prized fr its beauty and rarity. It is frmed frm the resin f ancient trees, mainly pines, that have been fssilized ver time. Befre the discvery f the New Wrld, amber was already well-knwn t Eurpeans and was ften used in jewelry-making. Despite being cnsidered a gemstne, amber is nt a mineral but a bilgical material, making it unique amng gemstnes. Its beauty and value have been recgnized fr centuries, making amber a highly prized natural material.
Ambergris is a valuable fixative in perfumes, enhancing and prlnging scent. Hwever, due t its rarity, cst, availability, and legal issues, mst perfumeries nw use a chemical derivative instead. As a fragrance cnsumer, it's unlikely that yur perfume cntains natural ambergris unless specifically advertised r it's a vintage scent frm befre the 1980s. If yu're curius abut ambergris in yur perfume, review yur scent cllectin. Sme ppular perfumes cntaining ambergris are Givenchy Amarige, Chanel N.5, and Gucci Guilty.
What can we learn abut ambergris frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. It was fund near the cast frm the springs.B. There are myths abut it frm culture t culture.
C. Human didn't knw its rigin until the 20 century.D. It was a little bit less expensive than gld.
Which is the cmmnality between ambergris and amber?
A. Being see-thrugh.B. Prducing sweet scents.
C. Being expensive.D. Used as currency.
Which ne is true abut tday's perfume prducts?
A. Yu may find ambergris in it which prduced between 1950 and 1960.
B. Ambergris is still a ppular ingredient in perfume prductins tday.
C. Ambergris has been discvered t have new medical uses tday.
D. Ambergris is becming mre expensive than befre.
What tpic is unlikely t be discussed between Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4?
A. Histry abut hw t find the rigin f ambergris.
B. Mre accurate prducing prcess f amber.
C. Why the ambergris is becming mre and mre precius.
D. The clse bnd between sperm whales and ambergris frmatin.
D
The cerebellum(小脑), a remarkable structure lcated at the back f the brain, has lng been a subject f extensive scientific research. Despite its relatively small size cmpared t ther brain regins, it plays a crucial rle in numerus functins.
Traditinally, the cerebellum was primarily knwn fr its rle in crdinating mvement(协调运动) and maintaining balance. It receives infrmatin frm varius sensry systems, such as the prpriceptive system(本体感觉系统)(which prvides infrmatin abut bdy psitin and mvement), the vestibular system(前庭系统)(related t balance and spatial rientatin), and the visual system. By integrating these inputs, the cerebellum fine-tunes mtr cmmands sent frm the cerebral crtex(大脑皮层)t ensure smth and precise mvements. Fr example, activities like walking, running, r playing a musical instrument rely heavily n the cerebellum's ability t adjust and crrect the nging mvements in real-time.
Hwever, recent research has expanded ur understanding f the cerebellum's functins far beynd just mtr cntrl. Scientists have discvered that it is als invlved in cgnitive prcesses, including attentin, language, and even aspects f emtinal regulatin. In studies invlving patients with cerebellar damage, deficits in attentin span and language prcessing have been bserved. This suggests that the cerebellum may have a mre cmplex and widespread influence n the brain's verall functining than previusly thught.
Mrever, the cellular and mlecular mechanisms within the cerebellum are anther area f active research. Neurscientists(神经科学家)are delving int hw the different types f neurns(神经元)in the cerebellum cmmunicate with each ther and hw specific neurtransmitters(神经递质)and signaling pathways regulate its functins. Understanding these intricate details culd ptentially lead t new treatments fr neurlgical disrders that invlve the cerebellum, such as cerebellar ataxia(a disrder characterized by prblems with crdinatin and balance).
As technlgy cntinues t advance, researchers are using advanced imaging techniques like functinal magnetic resnance imaging(功能性磁共振成像, fMRI) and psitrn emissin tmgraphy (正电子发射断层扫描, PET) t study the cerebellum in mre detail. These methds allw them t bserve changes in bld flw and metablic(代谢) activity in the cerebellum during different tasks and cnditins, prviding valuable insights int its nrmal functining and ptential dysfunctins(功能异常).
What was the traditinal understanding f the cerebellum's main functin?
A. It was mainly respnsible fr cgnitive prcesses.B. It played a crucial rle in regulating emtins.
C. It centered n the maintenance f balance.D. It was invlved in visual infrmatin prcessing.
Which f the fllwing statements abut the research n the cerebellum is crrect?
A. The functins are already clearly understd.B. It shws cerebellum’s physical mvements mainly.
C. Advanced tls is the very way t study cerebellum.D. Bth ld and new research help understand it better.
Why are advanced imaging techniques imprtant in cerebellum research?
A. They can directly change the cellular and mlecular mechanisms within the cerebellum.
B. They help researchers bserve bld flw changes and metablic activity and give insights int its functining.
C. They are used t treat neurlgical disrders related t the cerebellum directly.
D. They can create artificial mdels f the cerebellum fr better understanding.
What culd be the prspect f perceiving the cellular and mlecular mechanisms within the cerebellum?
A. It culd hld back the cmmunicatin between different neurns in the cerebellum.
B. It wuld eliminate neurlgical disrders cmpletely related t the brain.
C. It wuld make the cerebellum grw larger in size.
D. It culd help in develping new treatments fr cerebellar ataxia.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The cllege entrance examinatin (Gaka) is cnstantly underging questin type refrms. T perfrm well under these changes, students need t adpt effective learning and cping strategies. Here are sme imprtant aspects t fcus n.
Deepen Understanding f Cre Knwledge
The Gaka, despite its refrms, always bases its assessment n the cre knwledge f each subject. 36
Fr example, in subjects like physics, mastering fundamental cncepts like Newtn's laws nt nly helps in slving textbk prblems but als enables yu t handle cmplex, real-wrld applicatin questins that might appear in the new questin types. Yu need t dig deeper int these cre knwledges, understand their essence and cnnectins with ther related pints. 37 Only by ding this can yu build a slid knwledge framewrk t face the diverse challenges brught by the refrm.
Cultivate Analytical and Critical Thinking
New Gaka questin types are designed t test students' higher-rder thinking abilities. 38 When
dealing with cmprehensive questins in subjects like histry r plitics, yu can't just rely n rte memrizatin. Instead, yu have t analyze different histrical events r scial phenmena frm multiple perspectives, evaluate varius viewpints, and frm yur wn ratinal judgments. Reading a wide range f bks, participating in academic discussins, and analyzing case studies are all gd ways t enhance this ability. 39 This will braden yur thinking hrizns and make yu better prepared fr the questins that require in-depth thinking.
Imprve Time Management Skills in Exams
With the changes in the Gaka questin types, the difficulty and quantity distributin f questins may vary.
Hence, effective time management during the exam is f great significance. 40 Befre the exam, carefully study the exam pattern and allcate apprpriate time fr each sectin accrding t the scre and difficulty level. During the practice f mck exams, strictly fllw the time limit t train yurself t answer questins quickly and accurately. This way, yu can ensure that yu can cmplete all the questins within the given time and avid the situatin f leaving sme questins unanswered due t time shrtage.
A. This can help yu avid being influenced by ne-sided pinins and expand yur thinking space.
B. Memrizing the knwledge blindly is enugh t deal with these questins.
C. Because these cre knwledge are the crnerstne fr answering a large number f questins.
D. Yu can take yur time withut caring abut the time limit during the mck exams.
E. It requires yu t think independently, analyze prblems cmprehensively, and draw reasnable cnclusins.
F. Yu dn't need t pay attentin t the time allcatin at all as lng as yu can answer the questins.
G. With a prfund understanding f the cre knwledge, yu can use it flexibly when facing different questins.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Participating in the schl sprts meet's 1500-meter race was an 41 jurney that tested my limits in every stride. As the starting gun eched thrugh the stadium, 42 electrified my veins, mingling with the anticipatin f the challenge ahead. The initial burst f energy prpelled me frward alngside my cmpetitrs, each f us vying(竞争) fr that crucial early 43 .
The first lap flew by in a blur f 44 and adrenaline(肾上腺素), but as I settled int a rhythm, the reality f the distance began t 45 upn me. My breath came in uneven gasps, each ne a reminder f the physical tll this effrt was taking. The sun 46 dwn mercilessly, its rays piercing thrugh my sweat-drenched shirt, adding anther layer f exhaustin t the mix.
By the halfway mark, legs that nce felt springy nw felt like 47 . My lungs burned, and dubt crept int my mind—culd I really push thrugh t the end? Yet, amidst(在...之中) the pain and fatigue, a spark f 48 lit up inside my bdy. I remembered the cuntless hurs f training, the early mrnings, and the late nights dedicated t this mment. I knew I wed it t myself t give it my 49 .
With 50 determinatin, I dug deep int my reserves f strength. Each step frward became a battle against the munting fatigue, but als a testament t my 51 . The crwd's cheers, thugh distant and faint, served as a beacn(象征) f 52 , reminding me that I wasn't alne in this fight.
As I entered the final stretch, the pain was almst 53 , but s was the desire t triumph. With a final, desperate surge f adrenaline, I pushed my bdy t its abslute 54 . The finish line lmed clser, a beacn f relief and accmplishment.
Crssing it in apprximately 5minutes and 20secnds, I cllapsed frward, spent but 55 . The annuncement f my victry as the first-place finisher eched in my ears, a sweet symphny f validatin fr all the hard wrk and sacrifice.
In that mment, the pain was eclipsed by the verwhelming sense f achievement, knwing that I had cnquered nt just the race, but als myself.
A. easy B. arduus C. pleasant D. relaxing
A. excitement B. tensin C. nerves D. anger
A. lead B. gal C. victry D. advantage
A. fcus B. determinatin C. curage D. bravery
A. dawn B. shine C. fall D. rise
A. shne B. beat C. bre D. hung
A. irn B. wd C. steelD. lead
A. inspiratin B. mtivatin C. resilience D. ambitin
A. allB. effrt C. best D. nthing
A. reduced B. renewed C. increased D. slid
A. weakness B. strength C. laziness D. perseverance
A. despair B. encuragement C. disappintment D. frustratin
A. unbearable B. bearable C. pleasant D. enjyable
A. peak B. bttm C. limit D. extreme
A. sad B. exhilarated C. bred D. disappinted
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, alchl has a histry f mre than 4,000 years. Sme schlars believe that the technique fr making Chinese alchl 56 (rigin) in the Xia Dynasty.
In ancient China, since alchl was regarded as a sacred liquid, nly when peple made sacrificial fferings t Heaven and the Earth r ancestrs was 57 used. After the Zhu Dynasty, alchl 58 (accunt) ne f the Nine Rites(九礼), and every dynasty put great emphasis n alchl administratin t set up special ministries 59 (manage) alchl.
Chinese alchl can be classified int many types, and Chinese Baijiu and Huangjiu are the 60 (represent). Baiju, r “Shajiu”, is a Chinese distilled(蒸馏的) alchlic beverage made frm fermented(发酵的) grain. Huangjiu is made directly frm grain. Unlike Baijiu, Huangjiu is nt distilled, and is 61 (suit) fr daily drinking.
In ancient times, alchl was used as a stimulant and reward fr the army. The stimulating drink culd make cwards brave, cheer up 62 exhausted and raise the spirits f the army. Alchl als had a great impact n Chinese artists, many f them 63 (prduce) their peak-f-perfectin masterpieces right after drinking.
In mdern China, alchl remains its imprtant rle 64 many scial changes. It still appears in almst all scial activities, and the mst cmmn circumstances are birthday parties fr senirs, wedding feasts and sacrificial ceremnies, 65 alchl is the main drink t shw happiness r respect.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：（满分15分）
假定你是李华，今天上课时不小心弄坏了你同桌的笔。请你给你的同桌Chris写一封邮件，表达你的歉意，内容包括：
(1)道歉并说明情况；
(2)给出补救方案。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右，可以有适当细节的增添；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下列材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the serene mrning, ur schl campus lay bathed in a gentle glw f sunlight. The air was still, with nly the ccasinal chatter f students and the rustle f bks breaking the silence. The classrms were abuzz with activity as students diligently wrked n their assignments, their faces lit by the sft light filtering thrugh the windws.
But suddenly, the tranquility was shattered by a vilent earthquake. The grund began t shake, sending a shudder thrugh the entire schl. The seismic waves were s pwerful that they sent a shiver dwn the spines f every student. Amidst the chas, a girl named Alice, a fellw member f ur class, panicked and fled the classrm in a flash. Her flight was a stark cntrast t the cmplacency f the rest f us wh remained seated, unmved by the rumbling beneath ur feet. Yet, as we sat unperturbed, students frm ther classes streamed ut f their classrms in a panic, their faces etched with fear. The crridr utside ur classrm sn filled with the hustle and bustle f fleeing students, their ftsteps eching ludly in the therwise silent mrning.
Suddenly, the schl's bradcast system came t life, its vice eching thrugh the hallways, instructing everyne t evacuate and gather in the designated area. Hwever, it was sn revealed that this was a mistake, a miscue frm the bradcast statin that had sent ur hearts racing even further. With the all-clear signal, we returned t ur seats, trying t regain ur cmpsure. The teacher, a pillar f calm in the midst f the cmmtin, resumed the lessn as if nthing had happened, her vice a sthing balm t ur frayed nerves.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: Meanwhile, the grund shk vilently nce again, this aftershck strnger than the first.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Para2: Yet, as we began t regain ur cmpsure, we realized that Bb had nt made it ut.
福建省福州名校联盟2024～2025学年度第一学期期末联考英语科参考答案：
1-5 CACBA 6-10 BAACC 11-15 BABBC 16-20 BCAAC
21-23: CDB 24-27: CBCB 28-31: BCAB 32-35: CDBD 36-40: CGEAD
41-45: BADBC 46-50: ADBCB 51-55: DBACB
56. riginated 57.it 58. was accunted 59. t manage 60. representatives 61. suitable 62. the 63. prduced 64. despite 65. where
书面表达
第一节（满分15分）
Dear Chris,
I'm writing this email t ffer yu my sincerest aplgy. I feel s awful abut what happened in class tday. I accidentally drpped yur pen while I was clumsily reaching fr my ntebk, and it brke. It was all my fault and I'm truly regretful.
T make up fr it, I've searched fr the exact same pen n several reliable shpping platfrms and placed an rder. It'll be delivered t yu as sn as pssible. I sincerely hpe yu can accept my aplgy and this way f making amends. I'll be extra careful frm nw n t avid such silly mistakes again.
Hping fr yur frgiveness.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
Meanwhile, the grund shk vilently nce again, this aftershck strnger than the first. Withut hesitatin, everyne blted ut f the classrm, ur hearts punding as we ran thrugh the swaying hallways. Reaching the pen grund, we gasped fr air, relief flding thrugh us as we realized we were safe. Alice, wh had fled earlier, was nw helping t calm thse arund her, her face still pale but her vice steady.
Yet, as we began t regain ur cmpsure, we realized that Bb had nt made it ut. Bb, a quiet classmate, was nwhere t be seen. Withut hesitatin, ur teacher rallied us. "We need t g back!" she shuted, her eyes flashing with determinatin. Hearts in ur muths, we fllwed her back int the shaking building. The crridr was a mess, debris littering the flr, but we pressed n, calling Bb's name. Finally, we fund him trapped under a fallen bkshelf. Wrking quickly and carefully, we lifted the shelf and freed him. Grateful and relieved, Bb stumbled ut with us, and tgether, we escaped the wreckage, ur bnds f friendship and slidarity strnger than ever.
写作评分标准
第一节 应用文写作评分细则（满分15分）
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为15分，按五个档次给分；
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次、最后给分；
3.词数少于60的，酌情扣分；
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性；
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受；
6.书写较差以至影响交际的，酌情扣分。
二、评分内容要点
1. 要点1：写信目的、态度诚恳；（2分）
2. 要点2：道歉和说明情况；（8分）
3. 要点3：补救方案。（5分）
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档（13~15分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。
——覆盖所有内容要点。
——应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
——语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档（10~12分）完成了试题规定的任务。
——虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
——语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
——应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档（7~9分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。
——虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
——有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
——应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档（4~6分)未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
——漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
——语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。
——有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
——较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档（1~3分）未完成试题规定的任务。
——明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
——语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
——较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
——缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。
0分
——未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
第二节 读后续写评分细则（满分25分）
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为25分，按五个档次进行评分。
2.评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构等方面考虑。
（1）内容的合理性；
（2）应用语法结构的丰富性和准确性；
（3）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（4）上下文的连贯性。
3.评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
4.评分时应注意：
（1）词数少于120的，酌情扣分；
（2）书写较差以至影响交际的，酌情扣分；
（3）单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
二、评分内容要点
第一段情节包括:
衔接首句，冲出教室（重点细节）
到操场上
心情与反应
第二段情节包括:
衔接首句，大家的反应；（细节）
救出Bb；（细节）
合理的结尾。（可添加上合理主题）
三、各档次给分范围及要求
第五档（21-25分）
——创造了丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融合度高。
——使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解。
——有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，意义连贯。
第四档（16-20分）
——创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较富有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融合度比较高。
——使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解。
——比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，意义连贯。
第三档（11-15分）
——创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关。
——使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有一些错误和不恰当之处，但基本不影响理解。
——基本有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第二档（6-10分）
——内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节。
——所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多且比较低级，影响理解。
——未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义欠连贯。
第一档（1~5分）
——内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节。
——所使用的词汇非常有限，语法结构单调，错误极多，严重影响理解。
——几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。
0分
——未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判；所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
听力文稿：
Text 1
W: D yu think the staff manager culd see me tmrrw befre 9:30?
M: He wn’t be in till 10:45, s the earliest wuld be eleven.
W: Is 12:40 any gd?
M: Yes, I’ll make a nte f it.
Text 2
W: We haven’t seen yu fr ages. Have yu been ill?
M: N, I’ve been up nrth fr a mnth.
W: Where was that?
M: Glasgw. I gt back the day befre yesterday?
Text 3
M: Gd mrning. What’s fr breakfast?
M: Mrning. The usual eggs, tast and bacn. Cffee if yu want. The sugar is n the table, the milks in the refrigeratr.
Text 4
W: Why are yu nt energetic?
M: I shuldn’t have stayed up s late watching the exciting game. I guess I’ll just have t pay the price and be sleepy.
Text 5
W: Srry, but I didn’t quite catch that.
M: I said, d yu want t lift?
W: Isn’t it ut f yur way?
M: N, it’s n my way hme.
Text 6
W: Dn’t frget, Jim and Adrian are cming ver tnight.
M: I thught they were cming next week.
W: N, tnight’s the night. I tld yu at least half a dzen times.
M: Well, I frgt.
W: Yu frget all t easily if yu ask me.
M: Anyway, I’ve made ther plans.
W: Like what?
M: I tld Frank, I’d help him wrk n his car.
W: Then yu’ll just have t tell him yu can’t cme.
Text 7
M: Hi, welcme t ryal statinery. Hw may I help yu?
W: Well, I was wndering if yu culd help me find smething. I have t mail sme phtgraphs s I need sme large envelpes that wn’t bend.
M: Yeah we d. It’s n the third flr right by the art supplies. Let me shw yu. Fllw me please.
W: Oh, great. And d yu knw if there’s a pst ffice nearby? I need t send the phts tday.
M: Actually, we ffer shipping services here.
W: That’s perfect. By the way, hw can I track my rder then?
M: We’ll give yu a track number and yu can check it nline.
Text 8
W: Gd mrning, Jack. Can yu phtcpy these reprts fr me please? I need them fr the staff meeting tmrrw mrning.
M: Hi, Grace. Unfrtunately, the cpy machine is ut f rder. The repairman is suppsed t be cming this afternn t lk after it, but this is the secnd time it has brken dwn in the past tw weeks, s it may nt be fixable.
W: Oh, man, wuld yu be able t run t ur ffice in Marple? It is nly a ten minute drive. I just need t make sure I am prepared fr this meeting.
M: Yeah, I can d that. I actually did my training at the Marple ffice, s I am familiar with it. I can leave right nw.
Text 9
W: Hell, I’d like an update n the Mntvale htel jb. Are we still n schedule t begin n Mnday?
M: N, I’m afraid that there has been sme delay in getting the decratin materials. It lks like we may be held up until Wednesday. Oh, I frgt it. Richard just gt ff the phne with the supplier. It lks like everything will arrive n Mnday afternn s we culd actually begin the jb n Tuesday.
W: That’s gd news. I’ll call the client this mrning and let them knw.
M: Yu shuld als remind them that we will begin wrking n the guest rms first and wrk ur way tward the hall and first flr receptin areas last. We’ll send a large crew s the wrk can be finished quickly.
W: Hw lng d yu think it will take t cmplete the jb?
M: We can prbably be finished n Friday as we riginally planned.
W: Excellent. They’re a new client with several lcatins in ur city, s I want things t g smthly. I’m sure there will be mre wrk with them in the lng run if all ges well.
Text 10
W: Hi, my name’s Britt Fxxtn, and I’m the funder f a website devted t wmen’s basketball, and I’ve als just written a bk n the same subject.
But first up, let me tell yu hw I gt started with the site. Althugh it really gt ging nce I was at university, it actually started ut as a high schl prject. Yu knw, a design, a website kind f thing, but it wasn’t like anyne expected it t becme real r anything. I designed a site abut girls basketball, which I was passinate abut.
And called it emaleask.cm. I knew the name wasn’t right and befre it gt really successful I changed it t matchgirl.cm. And that was a really gd mve. And althugh it started with basketball, the site grwn t include ther games as well.
It features a variety f articles and reviews n everything ranging frm basketball t cmputer games, plus sme mre traditinally girly material as well. But the cverage f team sprts is at the heart f it. Anything abut makeup r fashin is just secndary t that.
【试题解析】
A
答案：C
详解：文中未表明哥伦比亚咖啡因咖啡因含量高而比埃塞俄比亚咖啡风味更浓烈，不存在这种因果关系，所以 C 选项错误。A 选项对哥伦比亚和埃塞俄比亚咖啡风味特点描述符合原文；B 选项关于越南咖啡风味受罗布斯塔豆及炼乳影响的说法正确；D 选项指出埃塞俄比亚咖啡风味多样与加工方法有关也是原文提及的，所以这三个选项不符合题意，不选。
答案：D
详解：A 选项，文中只提到哥伦比亚盛产阿拉比卡咖啡豆，没说种植罗布斯塔豆，错误；B 选项，埃塞俄比亚咖啡不同地区加工方法不同，风味不一致，并非统一加工保持一致风味，错误；C 选项，文中未提及越南咖啡冲泡方式对咖啡因含量的影响，无依据；D 选项准确概括了三个国家都通过各自独特方式展现咖啡豆最佳风味这一情况，正确。
答案：B
详解：A 选项，文中没提及哥伦比亚咖啡种植学习及起始时间相关内容，无依据，错误；B 选项，埃塞俄比亚作为咖啡发源地，其咖啡文化对全球产生影响是合理的，正确；C 选项，越南是主要咖啡出口国，并非主要满足国内需求，不符合实际，错误；D 选项，三国咖啡文化在发展中会相互影响、有交流，说毫无关联不符合常理，错误。
B
答案：C
详解：文中提到 “Alfred Nbel died in San Rem, Italy, n December 10, 1896. The executrs f his will were tw yung engineers, Ragnar Shlman and Rudlf Lillequist. They set abut frming the Nbel Fundatin...”，明确表明是在诺贝尔去世后，遗嘱执行者们才着手组建诺贝尔基金会的，所以 C 选项正确。
A 选项，不是在 1896 年 12 月就顺利设立好的，而是去世后才开始筹备组建且面临诸多困难，该项说法不准确；B 选项，文中并没有指出诺贝尔奖是只面向欧洲人发放的，实际上诺贝尔奖面向全球符合相应条件的人，所以该选项不符合文意；D 选项，文中只是说 1905 年将诺贝尔和平奖授予了贝莎冯苏特纳，但不能就此说明第一届诺贝尔奖就在 1905 年颁发，该项错误。
答案：B
详解：原文 “Intensive wrk and travel did nt leave much time fr a private life. At the age f 43 Alfred Nbel was feeling like an ld man. He placed an ad in a newspaper seeking a mature, multilingual wman t serve as his secretary and husehld supervisr.” 表明，由于工作和旅行繁忙，他私人生活时间有限，所以想找个成熟、会多种语言的女性来担任秘书以及管理家务，也就是因为私人生活受限需要工作方面的帮助，B 选项符合文意。
A 选项，他发广告的目的不是为了找妻子，不符合原文描述；C 选项，文中未提及找实验助手相关内容，该项不符合实际情况；D 选项，找商业伙伴也不符合原文中发广告要找秘书和管家角色的意图，所以该项错误。
答案：C
详解：文中指出 “Over the years Bertha vn Suttner became increasingly critical f the arms race. She wrte a famus bk, Lay Dwn Yur Arms and became a prminent figure in the peace mvement.”，说明这本书是关于反对军备竞赛的，也就是反对军事相关内容的，所以可以归类为反对军事的书籍，C 选项正确。
A 选项，文中未体现它是科幻电影相关内容，该项不符合；B 选项，它不是关于夫妻间的风流韵事的，不符合对这本书的描述；D 选项，文中没表明是某个和平活动家的传记，所以该选项也不正确。
答案：B
详解：文中提到 “Alfred Nbel's exceptinal talent lay in his unique ability t merge the insight f a scientist and inventr with the enterprising spirit f an industrialist. Nbel was very interested in scial and peace-related issues and held what were cnsidered uncmmn views in his era.”，这体现出他有能力将科学家、发明家的洞察力与实业家的进取精神相结合，展现出他很有雄心、有进取心，而且他对社会及和平相关问题感兴趣，持有那个时代不同寻常的观点，这又表明他思想开明，所以 B 选项 “有雄心且思想开明” 符合对他的描述。
A 选项 “爱冒险且真诚”，文中未突出体现冒险和真诚的特点，不符合；C 选项 “勤奋且成熟”，虽然工作忙碌但用 “勤奋” 和 “成熟” 来概括不够全面准确地体现其特质；D 选项 “专注但文盲”，文中提到他热爱文学，自己还创作诗歌和戏剧，说明他并非文盲，所以该选项错误，这三个选项均不能很好地涵盖文中所展现出的他多方面的特质。
C
答案：B
详解：本题为细节理解题，难度较大。题干要求从文章前两段中概括出龙涎香的相关正确信息。对于A选项，根据第一段中“The Arabs knew ambergris as anbar and believed it was prduced frm springs near the sea, which is where it gets its name.”可知这只是一个传说，故A选项错误；对于C选项，可根据第二段中“until the lng ages f guesswrk ended in the 1720's”判断18世纪20年代就已经知道了源头，故C选项错误；对于D选项，前两段并未提及，出现位置在第三段，故D选项错误；对于B选项，可根据第一段前三句话概括得知。故选B。
答案：C
详解：本题为细节理解题，难度适中。题干要求从文章中概括、对比出龙涎香和琥珀的相似处。对于A选项，可根据“Amber is a type f hard, transparent”判断得知琥珀是透明的，但文章中并未提及龙涎香是透明的，故A选项错误；对于B选项，可根据文章第四段判断龙涎香可以制造香味，但文章中并未提及琥珀可以制造香味，故B选项错误；对于C、D选项，根据“Bth f them were amng the mst sught-after substances in the wrld, almst as valuable as gld.”仅仅说明龙涎香和琥珀都很昂贵，但并未提及二者作为货币使用，故D选项错误、C选项正确。故选C。
答案：A
详解：本题为细节理解题，难度适中。题干要求从文章中概括出当代香水的相关正确信息。本题四个选项都可以直接根据第四段内容进行判断。对于B选项，可根据“mst perfumeries nw use a chemical derivative instead (ambergris).”可知现在不使用龙涎香作为成分，使用的是化学药剂进行替代，故B选项错误；对于C选项，第四段并未提及，故C选项错误；对于D选项，根据“due t its rarity, cst, availability”并不能得出比之前更贵了的结果，只能判断龙涎香稀有、昂贵，故D选项错误；对于A选项，可根据“yur perfume cntains natural ambergris unless it's a vintage scent frm befre the 1980s.”替换题干中“prduced between 1950 and 1960”。故选A。
答案：B
详解：本题为文意主旨题，难度较大。题干要求判断第三段和第四段之间可能会提及的话题。对于C选项，可根据第二段得知猎杀抹香鲸产业兴起，再根据最后一段中提及的龙涎香稀有昂贵可以推测出作者可能会写为什么龙涎香变得稀有，故C项不选；对于A、B、D选项，全文主要讲解的是龙涎香而并非琥珀，且根据第二段埋下伏笔“科学家发现了龙涎香的来源”和第三段中介绍琥珀的一些特征，故不可能再写琥珀的详细产生过程，而要写的是龙涎香的产生过程、科学家研究龙涎香的历史进程，故A、D项不选。故选B。
D
答案：C
详解：文中提到 “Traditinally, the cerebellum was primarily knwn fr its rle in crdinating mvement and maintaining balance.”，也就是传统上认为小脑主要聚焦于协调运动以及维持平衡，“centered n the maintenance f balance（聚焦于平衡的维持）” 符合传统对小脑主要功能的认知。A 选项 “负责认知过程”、B 选项 “在调节情绪中起关键作用” 都是近期研究发现的小脑功能，并非传统的理解；D 选项 “参与视觉信息处理” 在文中未表明是传统认知里小脑的主要功能，所以这三个选项不符合题意。
答案：D
详解：A 选项，从文中可知对小脑的研究仍在不断深入，新功能还在陆续被发现，并没有完全清楚其所有功能，所以该选项错误。B 选项，文中既提到了传统上对小脑在物理运动方面的认知，也阐述了现代研究发现其在认知、情绪调节等多方面的作用，并非主要只展示物理运动方面，所以该选项不符合文意。C 选项，先进工具（像先进成像技术等）只是研究小脑的重要手段之一，并非唯一途径，还有对其细胞、分子机制等其他方面的研究方式，所以该选项错误。D 选项，传统对小脑功能的认知加上现代新的研究发现，共同让人们能更全面、更好地了解小脑，该选项符合对小脑研究情况的描述，是正确的。
答案：B
详解：文中明确指出 “As technlgy cntinues t advance, ... , prviding valuable insights int its nrmal functining and ptential dysfunctins.”，即先进成像技术能够帮助研究者观察小脑在不同任务和状况下的血流变化以及代谢活动情况，进而为了解其正常功能及潜在功能异常提供有价值的见解，所以 B 选项正确。
A 选项，这些技术并不能直接改变小脑内的细胞和分子机制，不符合其作用描述，所以该选项错误。
C 选项，它们主要用于研究观察，而不是直接用于治疗与小脑相关的神经疾病，所以该选项错误。
D 选项，文中未提及这些技术可以创建小脑的人工模型，所以该选项不符合文意。
答案：D
详解：文中提到 “Understanding these intricate details (cellular and mlecular mechanisms within the cerebellum) culd ptentially lead t new treatments fr neurlgical disrders that invlve the cerebellum, such as cerebellar ataxia.”，意思是了解小脑内的细胞和分子机制有可能为像小脑性共济失调这类涉及小脑的神经疾病带来新的治疗方法，所以 D 选项符合文意。
A 选项，了解这些机制的目的不是去抑制小脑内不同神经元之间的交流，不符合其积极意义，所以该选项错误。
B 选项，“完全消除与大脑相关的所有神经疾病” 过于绝对，不符合实际情况，所以该选项错误。
C 选项，文中未提及了解这些机制会使小脑体积变大，所以该选项不符合文意。
七选五
C 选项：空白处前一句提到高考始终以各学科的核心知识为评估基础，后一句举例说明了掌握像物理中牛顿定律这样的核心知识能帮助解决多种问题，C 选项 “Because these cre knwledges are the crnerstne fr answering a large number f questins.（因为这些核心知识是解答大量问题的基石。）” 很好地解释了为什么高考重视核心知识，在逻辑上起到了承上启下的作用，使前后内容连贯顺畅，所以该选项符合语境。
G 选项：前文强调要深入理解核心知识，理解其本质以及与其他相关知识点的联系，G 选项 “With a prfund understanding f the cre knwledge, yu can use it flexibly when facing different questins.（对核心知识有深刻理解后，在面对不同问题时就能灵活运用它。）” 进一步说明了深入理解核心知识的好处，与前文所阐述的深入理解核心知识这一做法相呼应，符合段落围绕核心知识展开论述的逻辑，所以该选项正确。
E 选项：空白处前一句提到新高考题型旨在考查学生的高阶思维能力，E 选项 “It requires yu t think independently, analyze prblems cmprehensively, and draw reasnable cnclusins.（它要求你独立思考，全面分析问题，并得出合理结论。）” 具体解释了这种高阶思维能力所包含的内容，详细说明了新题型对学生思维方面的要求，与前文衔接紧密，是对前文的进一步阐述，因此该选项契合文意。
A 选项：前文提到通过多种方式增强分析与批判性思维能力，A 选项 “This can help yu avid being influenced by ne-sided pinins and expand yur thinking space.（这有助于你避免受片面观点影响，拓宽思维空间。）” 阐述了增强这种思维能力所带来的积极影响，是对前文做法会产生的结果的合理说明，在逻辑上使段落内容更加完整，所以该选项是正确的。
D 选项：空白处所在段落围绕提升考试时间管理技能展开，后文提到要根据考试分值和难度提前规划好各部分时间，且在模拟考试时严格按时间限制训练，D 选项 “Yu can take yur time withut caring abut the time limit during the mck exams.（在模拟考试时你可以慢慢来，不用在意时间限制。）” 与后文形成对比，通过先指出错误做法（即不关注时间限制），进而引出后文正确的时间管理做法，在行文逻辑上起到了铺垫作用，符合段落整体论述的逻辑顺序，所以该选项是合适的。
干扰项分析
B 选项：文中强调新高考题型不能仅靠死记硬背来应对，需要培养分析与批判性思维等能力，而该选项 “Memrizing the knwledge blindly is enugh t deal with these questins.（盲目记忆知识就足以应对这些问题。）” 与文章倡导的应对策略相悖，不符合文意，是干扰项。
F 选项：原文着重指出要根据考试情况合理分配时间并严格按时间限制训练，以保证能按时完成考试，该选项 “Yu dn't need t pay attentin t the time allcatin at all as lng as yu can answer the questins.（只要能回答问题，根本不需要关注时间分配。）” 忽视了时间管理的重要性，不符合应对高考改革、合理安排考试时间的正确做法，所以是干扰项。
完形填空
答案：B
解析：从后文描述的整个比赛过程，如 “My breath came in uneven gasps, each ne a reminder f the physical tll this effrt was taking.（我的呼吸不均匀地喘着气，每一次呼吸都提醒着我这项运动所带来的身体损耗。）” 以及 “By the halfway mark, legs that nce felt springy nw felt like...（到一半赛程的时候，曾经感觉轻快的双腿现在像……）” 等内容可知，这场 1500 米比赛是艰难的，“arduus” 表示 “艰难的，费力的”，符合语境，所以选 B。A 选项 “easy（容易的）”、C 选项 “pleasant（令人愉快的）”、D 选项 “relaxing（放松的）” 都不符合文中描述的比赛艰难的情况。
答案：A
解析：根据后文 “mingling with the anticipatin f the challenge ahead（与对前方挑战的期待交织在一起）”，这里应该是一种积极的、能让自己兴奋起来的情绪充满全身，“excitement” 意为 “兴奋，激动”，符合语境。B 选项 “tensin（紧张）” 更多是一种不安的情绪；C 选项 “nerves（神经紧张）” 也侧重于紧张不安；D 选项 “anger（愤怒）” 不符合此处情境，所以选 A。
答案：D
解析：在比赛开始时大家都争着冲出去，是为了获得一个好的开始，争取在一开始就占据优势，“advantage” 表示 “优势”，符合语境。A 选项 “lead” 作名词时侧重 “领先地位”，通常指已经处于领先的情况；B 选项 “gal（目标）” 不符合此处一开始竞争的语境；C 选项 “victry（胜利）” 表意太大，这里只是刚开始比赛争取的前期优势，所以选 D。
答案：B
解析：结合语境，第一圈在一种决心和肾上腺素的作用下很快过去了，在比赛中需要决心去拼搏，“determinatin” 意为 “决心”，符合文意。A 选项 “fcus（专注）” 在这里没有体现出那种为了比赛奋力向前的感觉；C 选项 “curage（勇气）”、D 选项 “bravery（勇敢）” 更多侧重于面对危险等情况时的勇敢，与这里描述比赛的拼搏状态不符，所以选 B。
答案：C
解析：“fall upn” 有 “降临，落到…… 身上” 的意思，此处表示随着赛程推进，距离的现实压力开始落到 “我” 身上，也就是 “我” 开始感受到长距离比赛的压力了，符合语境。A 选项 “dawn（破晓，开始明白）” 不符合此处搭配；B 选项 “shine（照耀）” 与文意不符；D 选项 “rise（上升）” 不符合此处表达压力来临的语境，所以选 C。
答案：A
解析：“shine dwn” 表示 “照耀下来”，这里说太阳无情地照耀下来，光线穿透 “我” 汗湿的衬衫，符合语境描述的天气状况对比赛的影响。B 选项 “beat（拍打，跳动等）” 不符合此处与太阳相关的描述；C 选项 “bre（忍受，承受）” 意思不符；D 选项 “hung（悬挂）” 也不符合此处说太阳照射的意思，所以选 A。
答案：D
解析：此处用了比喻的手法，说曾经轻快的双腿现在感觉像某种沉重的东西，“lead” 有 “铅” 的意思，“like lead” 表示像铅一样沉重，符合描述双腿沉重、疲惫的状态。A 选项 “irn（铁）”、B 选项 “wd（木头）”、C 选项 “steel（钢）” 都不能很好地体现出那种因疲惫而沉重的感觉，所以选 D。
答案：B
解析：从后文 “I remembered the cuntless hurs f training, the early mrnings, and the late nights dedicated t this mment. I knew I wed it t myself t give it my...（我想起了无数个训练的小时，那些早起和晚睡都是为了这一刻。我知道我应该全力以赴。）” 可以看出，这里是内心涌起一股继续前进的动力，“mtivatin” 意为 “动力，动机”，符合语境。A 选项 “inspiratin（灵感，鼓舞）” 更多侧重于启发灵感等；C 选项 “resilience（恢复力，韧性）” 不符合此处强调的推动自己继续前进的意思；D 选项 “ambitin（野心，抱负）” 表意不太贴合，所以选 B。
答案：C
解析：“give it ne's best” 是固定短语，意为 “全力以赴”，此处表示 “我” 想起过往的付出，觉得自己应该全力以赴完成比赛，符合语境，所以选 C。
答案：B
解析：前文提到自己已经很疲惫、有了怀疑等，这里说又重新有了决心，深挖自己的力量储备继续前进，“renewed” 有 “重新的，更新的” 意思，“renewed determinatin” 表示 “重新燃起的决心”，符合语境。A 选项 “reduced（减少的）” 不符合；C 选项 “increased（增加的）” 比较笼统，没有体现出那种重新振作的感觉；D 选项 “slid（坚固的）” 也不太能体现出是在疲惫后又振作起来的决心，所以选 B。
答案：D
解析：每向前一步既是与不断增加的疲劳作斗争，也是对自己坚持不懈精神的证明，“perseverance” 意为 “坚持不懈，毅力”，符合在艰难比赛中坚持下去的语境。A 选项 “weakness（弱点）” 不符合；B 选项 “strength（力量）” 表意较宽泛，没有突出坚持的这层意思；C 选项 “laziness（懒惰）” 与文意相悖，所以选 D。
答案：B
解析：人群的欢呼声虽然遥远且微弱，但应该是起到一种鼓励的作用，是 “我” 继续战斗的动力象征，“encuragement” 意为 “鼓励”，符合语境。A 选项 “despair（绝望）”、C 选项 “disappintment（失望）”、D 选项 “frustratin（沮丧）” 都不符合欢呼声所起到的积极作用，所以选 B。
答案：A
解析：进入最后一段赛程，前面描述了整个比赛过程的艰难痛苦，这里说疼痛几乎是难以忍受的，但同时想要胜利的欲望也很强烈，“unbearable” 表示 “难以忍受的”，符合语境。B 选项 “bearable（可忍受的）” 不符合文意；C 选项 “pleasant（令人愉快的）”、D 选项 “enjyable（令人愉快的）” 与描述疼痛的语境不符，所以选 A。
答案：C
解析：“ ne's limit” 是固定短语，意为 “把…… 推到极限”，此处表示 “我” 用尽最后一股肾上腺素的力量，把身体推到极限去冲过终点线，符合语境，所以选 C。
答案：B
解析：根据后文 “The annuncement f my victry as the first-place finisher eched in my ears, a sweet symphny f validatin fr all the hard wrk and sacrifice.（我作为第一名获胜的消息在我耳边回响，这是对所有辛勤工作和牺牲的甜蜜肯定。）” 可知，虽然 “我” 精疲力尽了，但心情是兴奋的、愉悦的，“exhilarated” 表示 “兴奋的，高兴的”，符合语境。A 选项 “sad（悲伤的）”、C 选项 “bred（无聊的）”、D 选项 “disappinted（失望的）” 都不符合获胜后的心情，所以选 B。
语法填词
riginated
【解析】此处考查时态，根据语境可知此处描述的是过去发生的动作，即酿酒技术起源于夏朝，所以要用一般过去时，故填 riginated。
it
【解析】此处指代前面提到的 “alchl”，作主语，故用代词 it。
was accunted
【解析】考查被动语态与时态。此处表达 “酒被列为九礼之一”，是被动关系，用 “be + 过去分词” 结构，结合 “After the Zhu Dynasty” 这一过去时间状语，要用一般过去时的被动语态，alchl 作主语为单数，填 “was accunted”。
t manage
【解析】此处用不定式作目的状语，意思是设立专门的部门来管理酒，故填 t manage。
representatives
【解析】根据前面的 “the” 以及系动词 “are” 可知此处应用名词复数形式，“represent” 的名词形式是 “representative”，表示 “代表”，符合语境，所以填 representatives。
suitable
【解析】此处考查形容词作表语，“be suitable fr” 表示 “适合……”，所以填 suitable。
the
【解析】“the + 形容词” 表示一类人，此处 “the exhausted” 表示 “疲惫的人”，故填 the。
prduced
【解析】此处考查独立主格结构，“many f them” 与 “prduce” 之间是主动关系，且此处描述的是过去的情况，所以用 “名词 / 代词 + 现在分词” 的结构，故填 prduced。
despite
【解析】此处表示 “尽管” 经历了许多社会变化，酒仍然保持着重要作用，引导让步状语，所以填 despite。
where
【解析】此处考查定语从句，先行词是 “birthday parties fr senirs, wedding feasts and sacrificial ceremnies”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，故填 where。