2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题__依文推理定选项课件

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题__依文推理定选项课件，共51页。PPT课件主要包含了干扰选项特征，技法点拨等内容，欢迎下载使用。
[题型分析]　　推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。
[选项特征]　　1．正确选项特征　　(1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。　　(2)选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如nly、 never、 all、 abslutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如ften、 usually、 smetimes、 sme、 may、 might、 can、 culd、 prbably等。
题型一　隐含推断题隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)、indicate (象征；暗示)、imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、cnclude (得出结论)、assume (假定；设想)。
[典例1]　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)　　Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies—say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
　　Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn't assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
31．What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?A．Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.B．Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.C．Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.D．Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词imply和the last paragraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces”以及“Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn't assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.”。综合逻辑分析可推断出作者在强调纸质文本在教育中不能完全被取代。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
题型二　观点态度题此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。
[典例2]　(2024·全国甲卷阅读C片段)　　Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke's attitude tward the Saint Lukas' services?A．Appreciative.B．Dubtful.C．Ambiguus.D．Cautius.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke's attitude tward the Saint Lukas' services。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned”以及“They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“very impressed”“staying fcused and very cncerned”和“the best chance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
题型三　写作意图题各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
[典例3]　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)　　Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).　　In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码)that pwers AI...　　As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design，...　　AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
35．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?A．T recmmend a bk n AI.B．T give a brief accunt f AI histry.C．T clarify the definitin f AI.D．T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the authr's purpse in writing the text。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
题型四　文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题文章出处题、文章类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类型。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。
[典例4]　(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段)　　Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists' representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
　　In this “bk f bks，” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
28．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?A．An intrductin t a bk.B．An essay n the art f writing.C．A guidebk t a museum.D．A review f mdern paintings.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和taken frm。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.”和第二段第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
A  　　(2024·济宁一模)Bard，Kinetic (Cffee Huse Press，2023) by Anne Waldman, ne f the mst imprtant living American pets, is a new cllectin f autbigraphical (自传体的) pieces, including published and unpublished essays, crrespndence, interviews, and pems frm the last 20 years.
　　Thugh the rigin f the texts and pems is relatively recent, Bard, Kinetic tracks Waldman's life frm her childhd in Greenwich Village t the present.Rather than a memir (回忆录), this energetic cllectin integrates her stries int cntexts—literary, plitical, spiritual, familial.
　　In Sketch, the first and lngest piece in the bk，Waldman describes what guided her t petry frm an early age—Her intellectual and artistic parents encuraged her “t read widely, t write, think, talk abut it, be curius and critical.” Reading Sketch fr its wnderful autbigraphical details and the successful mments that run thrugh Waldman's life is a pleasure. In Interview with Petas，Madrid 2018, anther piece frm the bk's secnd sectin, she wrte，“We need cultural and humanitarian revlutin.We need petry t remind us f the magic we have had that needs attendance and recharge.”Her vice and visin have a cllective width.
　　Waldman insists n cmbining art with nearly every aspect f her life. Bard, Kinetic, at all pints, a high-energy cnstruct, and at all pints, an energy-discharge, puts readers n the path t recgnizing petry as a mental aid, as an actin that reaches acrss gegraphy, species, and time.As she wrte in the bk's preface, she cmmands herself t “keep pushing fr knwledge, study with a deeper investigatin and a deeper actin.The actin, ttally necessary”. These are high aims that Waldman has insisted n, tirelessly, her entire life.Waldman shines.Her heart culd be ur heart.
　　This new bk is best read as a cmpanin f Vw t Petry (2001)，Waldman's previus cllectin f interviews and autbigraphical essays, which will help readers appreciate this bk better.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。
1．What d we knw abut Bard, Kinetic by Waldman?A．It is a memir.B．It dcuments her life and wrk.C．It is her first cllectin f pems.D．It is t be issued by Cffee Huse Press.
B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的工作情况；根据第二段第一句可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了沃尔德曼从格林尼治村的童年到现在的生活。即Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的生活和工作情况。
2．What's the purpse f paragraph 3?A．T add relevant backgrund infrmatin.B．T help readers gain partial insight int the bk.C．T persuade readers t cnduct selective reading.D．T intrduce Waldman's writing styles.B　写作意图题。根据第三段内容可知，本段对书籍中的部分情节进行了描述，因而其目的是帮助读者了解这本书的部分内容。
3．What is implied in the underlined sentence “Her heart culd be ur heart.” in paragraph 4?A．We shuld stick t ur gals.B．We shuld learn pems by heart.C．We shuld seek fame and wealth.D．We shuld enjy life t ur hearts' cntent.A　句意猜测题。根据第四段中的“As she wrte...‘keep necessary’. These are high ”可知，沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持着自己的崇高目标。由此可推知，画线句指作为读者，应该学习她对目标执着追求的这种精神。
4．What's the passage?A．A diary entry.　B．A news reprt.C．A bk review.D．An autbigraphy.C　文章类型题。通读全文可知，本文是关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。
B  　　(2024·湛江一模)By the time I tk Kicker hme, I was living in a van (旅居房车), s he was thrwn int van life frm day ne.At this pint, I knew hw t make him an utging and adaptable dg, and my life was far mre adventurus than it had been...
　　Right ut f the gate，I tk him t ski turing, which is a lt like crss-cuntry skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker wuld just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he gt strnger, he wuld run n his wn fr a little while befre I carried him again.
　　We als went n sme winter camping adventures in the high peaks f the Uinta Muntains, and we tried snw kiting. He ran arund while I skied. He learned t speed-fly and kitebard.One time he vmited (呕吐) all ver the new cushins n my bed.By, did that stay smelly fr days! Still, living in a van with a dg was great. With each new day, he gt strnger and mre independent.
　　I had dreamed f visiting Alaska since I was a child, s being able t share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There's smething t be said abut shared experiences and hw they help develp a strng bnd. Tgether we kayaked, snwmbiled, and even ended up explring deep blue ice caves in Wrthingtn Glacier. Kicker learned t cme snwbarding with me in the muntains f Alaska.He wuld hike part f the way, and I wuld carry him the rest. I wuld always let him run next t me as I barded, but I usually ended up putting him n my shulders fr the rest f the ride dwn—he had grwn far t big t fit in my jacket.
　　Having a dg has been ne f the mst rewarding things in my life. Fr me, it's abut the time spent tgether explring, sharing experiences, wrking thrugh challenging situatins, snuggling, and ultimately taking care f ne anther.【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者和小狗基克一起到野外露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密的故事。
5．What was Kicker like when he was first taken hme by the authr?A．Sick and pitiful.B．Small and weak.C．Happy and active.D．Outging and adventurus.B　隐含推断题。根据第二段中的“At first, Kicker wuld just stay nestled in my him again.”可知，起初，基克只是依偎在“我”的夹克里。由此可推知，刚开始的时候，小狗又小又弱。
6．Why was the incident f Kicker's vmiting mentined in paragraph 3?A．T illustrate hw hard life is in a van.B．T indicate that raising Kicker was nt all rses.C．T shw the imprtance f taking gd care f a pet.D．T warn us f the truble a pet can bring t us n a trip.B　写作意图题。第三段讲述了作者带着基克一起历险，相处融洽，基克吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，说明作者养狗的过程也不是十分轻松愉快。
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?A．What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska.B．What great experiences the authr had.C．Hw the authr realized his childhd dream.D．Hw much the authr enjyed Kicker's cmpany.D　段落大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是第一句可知，本段讲述作者和小狗一起经历的乐趣，作者非常享受基克的陪伴。