人教版英语八下 Unit 7 what's the highest mountain in the world？单元知识清单

这是一份人教版英语八下 Unit 7 what's the highest mountain in the world？单元知识清单，共21页。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world？重要知识点清单 Unit 7单元主题语言能力能听懂大数的表达及有关地理与自然内容的材料;能谈论地理与自然的世界知识;能读懂介绍地理事物或世界生物的语篇;能书面介绍某种地理事物或世界生物,并说明其与人类的关系。“ 人与自然”主题范畴中“自然生态”主题群---热爱和敬畏自然,与自然和谐共生 文化意识了解我国和世界上一些“自然地理之最”以及我国明长城的知识和国宝大熊猫与动物保护;了解珠穆朗玛峰及人类克服困难、挑战极限的精神;热爱我国的大好河山,增强自豪感。思维品质能归纳总结语篇的主要内容、思想和作者的观点;能发现语篇中罗列的事实和数据,初步学习说明文的写作方法。学习能力通过比较，了解中国及世界地理知识；通过搜寻具体信息，培养寻读能力；通过罗列事实及数据，初步学习说明文写作知识清单必记词汇/目标短语/核心句式重点语法：形容词副词比较级最高级和大数的用法话题写作：保护濒危动物基础知识清单（北京）股份有限公司【精讲01 词汇】 ►►►1.population ►►►2. include include v. 及物动词,意为“包括；包含”，其后可接名词或动名词，指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分，强调包含部分。The price includes both the house and the furniture.(接名词) Your duties include putting the children to bed.(接动名词)【知识拓展】►►►3.succeedsucceed是不及物动词，意为＂实现目标；成功＂，不能用于被动语态。常用短语：succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事；succeed in sth.在某方面获得成功。His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。—Could you tell me how to succeed in making a speech in front of people? 你能告诉我怎样在人们面前成功发表演讲吗？—Be confident. That’s the point. 要有信心。这就是要点。You won’t succeed in the work if you don’t put your mind to it. 如果你不专心工作，工作就不会做好。【练一练】—What did Linda do last weekend?—She succeeded in ____ a model plane.A．makes B．making C．made D．to make【答案】B【详解】句意：——琳达上周末做什么了?——她成功地做了一架模型飞机。考查动词形式辨析。succeed in成功做某事，介词in后接动名词；根据句意结构，可知选B。【知识拓展】 ►►►4. challenge作及物动词，意为＂挑战；考验＂。This discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。challenge sb. to sth./to do sth.向某人挑战……，(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议某人做某事。Mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。He challenged me to play chess. 他向我挑战下象棋。（2）challenge作可数名词，意为＂挑战；比赛等的邀请＂ 常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。We accepted their challenge to a baseball game. 我们接受了他们棒球邀请的挑战。Our teachers usually give us some advice on how to face the difficulties and challenges bravely. 我们的老师通常给我们一些关于如何勇敢地面对困难和挑战的建议。►►►5.achieve achieve v. “达到；完成；成功”其形容词是achievable可达到的，名词是achievement.常用短语：achieve one’s aim/dream 实现某人目标梦想It takes hard work to achieve your dream.►►►6.forces ►►►7.weigh►►►8.birth【易混辨析】born/birth►►►9.feed作及物动词，意为＂喂养，饲养＂，强调动作。过去式 (fed，fed)She was feeding the baby with porridge. 她正给宝宝喂粥。【知识拓展】feed常用短语►►►7.awake用作形容词，意为“醒着的”，它在句中常作表语。反义词是asleep。Is he awake or asleep？他是醒着还是睡着了？ 【易混辨析】awake与wake【注意】awake不用于名词前作定语。►►►8. illness illness n.(名词) 疾病。He had several illnesses, including heart disease. 他患有多种疾病，其中包括心脏病。【易混辨析】►►►9.huge adj. 巨大的；极多的。There is a huge building near the river. 河边有幢大楼。【易混辨析】huge、great、big【精讲02 短语】 ►►►1.One of the...one of the... 最…的…之一。该结构作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。One of them is my best friends.One of the apples has gone bad.►►►2.even thougheven though用作从属连词，意为＂即使；尽管＂，相当于even if，引导让步状语从句，不与并列连词but连用。even if的从句中含有强烈的假定性，even though则多以从句之内容为前提。Even if you don’t succeed, they will stand by you. 即使你们不成功，他们也会支持你们。Even though I have opposed him, he is an honest man. 尽管我反对过他，但他是一个诚实的人。Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer. 【知识拓展】引导让步状语从句的词/词组：►►►3.many times more thanmany times more than意为”比……多很多倍”,一倍 once ; 两倍twice。►►►4.up toup to到达(某数量、程度等)；至多有；不多于。live up to指＂活到……岁＂。There are up to seventy students in the classroom. 教室里学生不多于七十人。The old man can live up to ninety years. 这位老人能活到九十岁。►►►5.prepare sth. for sb./sth.意为“给……准备……”。She prepared a nice breakfast for us. 她给我们准备了可口的早餐。【知识拓展】prepare 常见结构　►►►6.fall over 表示＂绊倒，摔倒＂。She hit him so hard that she fell over. 她重重地撞击他，结果自己摔倒了。【易混辨析】fall down、fall off、fall over►►►7. in dangerin (great) danger处于(极度)危险之中，是主语本身处于危险之中，处于危险状况/危险处境，其反义词组为out of danger＂脱离危险＂。Our country is in great danger; we must mobilize the army.我们国家处在极度危险中，我们必须动员军队。The old man is in danger. 这位老人处于危险中。【知识拓展】　danger(s) of 表示＂……的危险、危害＂，of 后接名词、代词或动名词形式。Do you know the dangers of smoking? 你知道吸烟的危害吗？　►►►8. die from意为““死于……；因……而死”。【拓展】die out 灭绝 die for 为……而死 die down 逐渐变弱【精讲03 句子】 ►►►1. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数结构，意为“比其他任何一个…都…”，指同一范围内比较，表示最高级含义。原句相当于Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.。形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词 = 最高级+单数名词。Tom runs faster than any other student(或any of the other students)in his class. 汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。This book is more difficult than any other book here.=This book is the most difficult book here. 这些书当中这本最难。[来源:学科网]【知识拓展】表达最高级的结构►►►2. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? 你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？该句含有由that引导的宾语从句，从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。He told me that the sun rises in the east. 他告诉我太阳从东方升起。(客观事实)（2）本句中的one of意为＂……中的一个＂或＂……之一＂，后面接复数名词，当名词前有形容词修饰且有比较范围时，形容词应用其最高级形式。Song Jie is one of the tallest students in our class. 宋杰是我们班最高的学生之一。【注意】one of ... 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 One of the girls is my sister. 这些女孩中有一个是我妹妹。►►►3.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶的时候，你还会感到呼吸非常困难。“It is + adj.+ to do sth.”句型.It作形式主语放在句首,而把真正的主语放在句尾。常用于此句型的形容词有important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等,用来对to do sth.进行说明。此句型可以转换成“To do sth.is+adj.”。It is important to study English well.学好英语很重要。It is said that she has been married for a year. 据说她已经结婚一年了。2）as作连词，相当于when。as引导时间状语从句，作＂当……的时候＂解，有＂随着……＂之意，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生，或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。I was startled as he opened the door. 他一开门，我吓了一跳。►►►4.Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.科学家说现在有不到2000只大熊 猫生活在森林里。句中living in the forests是一个现在分词短语，修饰前面的名词pandas, 作其后置定语，与其修饰的词pandas是逻辑上的主谓关系。There is a truck collecting the rubbish over there.在那边有一辆卡车正在收垃圾。The old professor has a large collection of ancient vases dating  back to the Ming dynasty.这位老教授收藏了很多可追溯到明朝的古老的花瓶。There are some people picking apples on the farm.在农场上有一些人正在摘苹果。 【精讲04 语法】形容词副词比较级最高级、大数的表达和运用►►►1.形容词副词比较级最高级构成►►►2.形容词副词的同级比较►►►3.形容词副词的比较级运用►►►4.形容词副词最高级运用►►►5.大数的读法与运用【精讲05 写作】►►►1.话题分析本单元以 “保护动物和大自然”为核心话题, 谈论大自然及保护野生动物。该话题取材广泛, 主要以濒危动物保护、环境保护等为谈论内容。“Facts & Reasons & Ways”三步法谈论保护自然和动物。Facts ：介绍自然、地理或珍稀动物的特点及现状；Reasons ：分析问题产生的原因；Ways：提出解决问题的方法；表明自己的观点和态度。 ►►►2.写作提纲 ►►►3.典例分析1．近来全球环境问题引起了人们对环境保护以及动物保护的思考。作为一名中学生，我们也可以为此做一些事。假如你是Zhang Bing，想申请加入动物保护协会，请用英文写一封加入协会的申请信，要点如下表：要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2）必须包括所有要点，并可适当发挥；3）词数：100左右（信的开头已给出，不计入总词数）Dear Chairperson,I would like to join the Animal Protection Society. First, let me introduce myself._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely,Zhang Bing【答案】例文：Dear Chairperson,I would like to join the Animal Protection Society. First, let me introduce myself. I am a Grade 8 student at Huaiwen Middle School. Now, some people don’t understand the importance of protecting animals. They cut plenty of trees for farms and buildings. This lead to less and less space for animals. Hunters kill them just for their fur and fun.I think it is important for people to protect animals because animals are our friends. We should do something to protect the environment. So we can provide a good place for animals to live. We should not buy clothes that are made of fur. Moreover, our government should made laws to prevent people from killing animals.I can take part in activities at weekends. I will be happy if I can be a member of Animal Protection Society. You can email me at 8360922@qq.com.Yours sincerely,Zhang Bing【详解】[总体分析]① 题材：本文为一篇应用文，为书信作文；② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；③ 提示：要点内容已给出，注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节，突出写作重点。[写作步骤]第一步，介绍自己想要加入动物保护协会的意愿，并进行自我介绍；第二步，介绍保护动物的原因；第三步，介绍保护动物的方法；第四步，书写结语。[亮点词汇]① prevent...from阻止② take part in参加[高分句型]① I think it is important for people to protect animals because animals are our friends.（because引导的原因状语从句）② I will be happy if I can be a member of Animal Protection Society.（if引导的条件状语从句）2．地球没有了动物，就如蓝天没有了白云。某英文报正在举办以“保护野生动物”为主题的征文活动，你打算以“Save the wild animals”为题写一篇短文投稿，请从野生动物的面临的危险、我们为什么要保护野生动物以及如何保护野生动物三个方面进行阐述。要求： （1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；（2）必须包括提示中所有信息， 并适当发挥；（3）词数：100词左右（开头不计入总词数）； （4）不得使用真实姓名、校名、地名等。Save the wild animalsHumans live together with wild animals on the earth, but many of them are in danger. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文Humans live together with wild animals on the earth, but many of them are in danger. For example, giant pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat because the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller. Wolves have fewer and fewer living areas. Tigers and bears face danger because humans hunt them for their fur, bones and other parts of their body. We protect wild animals not only because wild animals are our friends but also because wild animals help keep a balance between humans and nature. If there are no wild animals, there will be no humans. Therefore, we must take actions to save wild animals. First, we shouldn’t buy fur coats any more. Second, we should call on everybody to know the importance of wildlife. Last but not least, the government should make laws to protect animals.【详解】[总体分析]① 题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；③ 提示：根据表格中所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，注意语句通顺，无语法错误。[写作步骤]第一步，承接文章开头，具体介绍哪些动物面临着危险；第二步，介绍为什么要保护它们的原因；第三步，介绍如何保护这些动物。[亮点词汇]①For example比如②not only...but also...不但……而且……③keep a balance保持平衡④take actions to do sth采取措施做某事⑤call on号召[高分句型]①giant pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat because the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller.（because引导原因状语从句；比较级句型）②If there are no wild animals, there will be no humans.（if引导的条件状语从句）3．为了保护野生动物，拯救珍贵、濒危野生动物，促进人与自然和谐共生，新修订的《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》于 2023年5月1日起正式实施。那么，你对濒危动物金丝猴了解多少呢? 请参考以下表格内容，以“Saving Golden Monkeys”为题，写一篇保护金丝猴的英语短文。提示词：rare 珍稀的；fur 皮毛要求：1. 80~120词，开头已给出，不计入总词数；2. 可以增、删细节，以使行文连贯；3. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。Saving Golden MonkeysHow much do you know about golden monkeys? Let’s learn more about them. 【答案】范文：Saving Golden MonkeysHow much do you know about golden monkeys? Let’s learn more about them. Living in the southwest of China, like Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, golden monkeys are seen in high mountains and thick forests. They feed on tree leaves, flowers and fruit. They also eat birds and their eggs. They live with their family. They take care of each other. They always go out and look for food together. They play together and even have a rest together. In China, they are one of the most famous and rarest animals like pandas. But they are in great danger now and they are becoming fewer in number. How can we protect them? First, we should protect the forests because they’re their home. Second, we must stop killing them and not buy anything made of their fur. What’s more, we should learn more about the animals and let more people know how important they are to us. All in all, we should do our best to protect and save golden monkeys.【详解】[总体分析]  ①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；  ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。  [写作步骤]  第一步，开头已给出，引出本文主题；  第二步，介绍金丝猴的情况；第三步，介绍保护它们的方式。  [亮点词汇]  ①take care of照顾②look for寻找  ③in great danger处于极大的危险中[高分句型]  ①Let’s learn more about them.（祈使句）  ②What’s more, we should learn more about the animals and let more people know how important they are to us.（宾语从句）Words1.square n. 平方，正方形 2. meter n. 米 3. deep adj. 深的 4. desert n. 沙漠 5. population n. 人口(数量）,全体居民 6. Asia n. 亚洲 7. tour n. 旅行，观光 8. wall n. 墙 9. amazing adj. 令人惊异的 10. ancient adj. 古代的，古老的 11. protect v. 保护 12.wide adj. 宽的，广阔的 13. achieve v. 完成，实现→achievement n. 成就，成绩14. thick adj. 厚的，浓的 15. include v. 包括，包含 16.freezing adj. 极冷的，冷冻的 17. condition n. 条件，状况 18. succeed v. 成功，实现目标，完成 19. challenge n.& v. 挑战，考验 20. force n. 力，力量 21. nature n. 自然界，大自然 22. ocean n. 海洋 [来源:学科网ZXXK]23. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 24. weigh v. 称……重量 25. birth n. 出生，诞生 26. adult n. 成年人 27. bamboo n. 竹子 28. endangered adj. 有危险的，濒临灭绝的，濒危的 29. research n.& v. 研究，调查 30. keeper n. 饲养员，保管人 31. awake adj. 醒着 32. excitement n. 激动，兴奋 33. illness n. 疾病，生病 34. remaining adj. 遗留的，剩余的35.artwork n. 艺术品，插图，图片 36. wild adj. 野性的，野生的 37. government n. 政府 38. whale n. 鲸 39.protection n. 保护，保卫 40. huge adj. 巨大的，极多的 Phrases1. feel free （可以）随便（做某事) 2. as far as I know 就我所知 3.take in 吸入，吞入 4. in the face of 面对（问题，困难） 5. even though（=even if） 即使，虽然 6. at birth 出生时 7. up to到达（某数量，程度），不多于8. walk into 走路时撞到 9. fall over 绊倒 10. or so 大约 SentencesQomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。2. China has the biggest population in the world. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家。3. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US. 它比美国人口要多得多。Grammar1. 基数词的用法；2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。though/although虽然 whoever/no matter who无论谁however/no matter how无论怎样 whatever/no matter what无论什么NameZhang BingGrade8Email8360922@qq.comSchool Huaiwen Middle SchoolFree time周末Reasons for protecting animals1. 有些人不明白保护动物的重要性；2. 有些人砍伐大量的树木，……（结果）3. 猎人们为了钱而捕杀动物，……Ways to protect animals采取措施保护动物：1. 应该保护环境，为动物们提供一个良好的生活空间；2. 建议身边人不要购买动物皮毛做成的衣服。3. ……（自由发挥1-2句话）What danger do they face? panda/tigers/wolvesWhy do we have to protect them? …（至少两点）How do we protect them? Not buy fur coats, make laws…（至少三点）名称金丝猴食物树叶、花、果，也吃鸟和鸟蛋。居住高山和森林。描述分布于中国西南地区，四川、贵州、云南等地；群居，成员之间相互关照，一起觅食、一起玩耍休息；与大熊猫齐名，被认为是中国最著名的珍稀动物之一。保护方式保护森林；不捕杀它们，不购买金丝猴皮毛；多了解它们，让更多人知道它们的重要性。