人教版英语八下 Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet ？单元知识清单（Section A&B)

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Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？单元知识清单Section A基础知识清单知识点清单知识点①：hurry的用法【知识详解 】hurry，动词，“匆忙，赶快”；名词，“匆忙，仓促”。常见用法：hurry to+地点名词，匆忙去某地；hurry up赶快；hurry off /away匆匆离去；hurry to do sth.匆忙做某事；in a hurry匆忙地。【例句】He is hurrying to school.他正急急忙忙朝学校赶去。She hurried to answer the phone.她匆忙去接电话。He was in a hurry to leave.他急切地要离开。知识点②：Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures. 《雾都孤儿》是关于一个男孩出海，并发现了一个满是宝藏的岛屿。（1）full of treasures作后置定语,修饰前面的名词island。full of表示“充满……”,full是形容词,of后接名词。The box is full of books.这个箱子装满了书。【知识拓展】（2）treasure意为“珠宝，财富”时，通常用作不可数名词；意为“珍品，珍宝，贵重物品”时，为可数名词。They didn’t find the treasure of the wrecked ship. 他们没有找到那艘遇难船上的宝物。知识点③：Steve,have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? 史蒂夫，你已经决定英语写哪本 书了吗？which book to write about是“疑问词+不定式”结构。在从句中,从句含有疑问代词(副词)引导的从句可替换为“疑问代词(副词)+不定式结构”,此结构常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, forget,decide等动词之后作宾语。校长不知道怎样处理这个男孩。The headmaster didn’t know what he should do with the boy.(复合句) = The headmaster didn’t know what to do with the boy.(简单句)Do you know how to answer the question?你知道如何回答这个问题吗?知识点④：else的用法【知识详解 】else，形容词，意为“其他的，别的”。【例句】What else did he say?他还说了些什么?Is there anything else?还有别的东西吗?【辨析】知识点⑤：one…the other…的用法【知识点详解 】one…the other…意为“一个……另一个……”，表示特定范围内两个事物的不同情况。one和the other既可单独作主语，也可修饰可数名词。【例句】One girl was singing, and the other one was dancing to the song.一个女孩在唱歌，另一个女孩在随歌起舞。【拓展】some…the others…意为“一些……另一些……”，表示特定范围内(三者及三者以上)的一部分和除去该部分后剩下的全部的不同情况。知识点⑥：It was really good, so I couldn’t put it down. 它真的很好，所以我对它爱不释手。 put down“放下；记下”，为“动词+副词”型短语；宾语若为代词，应放在put与down中间。can't put sth. down意为“对某物爱不释手”。 Don't put up your hands. Please put them down.你们不要举手，请放下。【知识拓展】知识点⑦：You should hurry up.The book report is due in two weeks. 你应该快点。读书报告两周后必须交。（1）hurry up为固定短语，意为“赶快，急忙（做某事）”。hurry 此处用作不及物动词，意为“匆忙，赶快”。He is hurrying to school.他正急急忙忙朝学校赶去。【知识拓展】（2）due此处作形容词，“预期；预定；预计”，后面引出预期的时间、地点等。Her baby is due next month.她的宝宝预计在下个月出生。【知识拓展】（3）in two weeks 意为“两周之后”。“in＋一段时间”表示“在……以后”，常用在一般将来时的句子中。对此提问用how soon。☞He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他将回来。注意：“after＋一段时间”常用在一般过去时的句子中。☞He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是两个小时后抵达北京的。知识点⑧：When I first arrived on this island,I had nothing. 当我最初来到这个岛上时，我一无所有。arrive是不及物动词,后面接宾语时,常接介词in或 at。表示到达大地点时,要用介词in;到达某个村、镇、车站、机场等小地方时,要用介词at。 What time does the train arrive in Shanghai? 这列火车什么时候到达上海? 【易混辨析】get/arrive/reach知识点⑨：“What do you think of…?”意为“你认为……怎么样?”【知识点详解 】“What do you think of…?”意为“你认为……怎么样?”用来询问某人对某事的观点或看法，同义结构为“How do you like …?”，回答时应说出对该人或事的意见或看法等。【例句】—What do you think of this movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?—It’s interesting.非常有趣。【拓展】对询问看法、观点的表达形式的回答有：It’s/They’re very…它/它们很……；I love/like…我喜爱/喜欢……；I don’t mind…我不介意……；I can’t stand…我受不了……。知识点10：Although I have lost everything, I have not lost my life. 虽然我失去了一切，但至少我还活着。（1）although conj.虽然,尽管;不过,然而。引导让步状语从句。Although/Though it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.尽管天气很冷,但他还是没有穿大衣就出去了。 【注意】 although/though表示“虽然,尽管”,这两个词都不能与but连用,即用了although/though,就不能再用but,不过可以与yet/still一起使用。虽然下着雨,然而足球赛仍然继续进行。 误: Although it was raining, but the football match still went on.正: It was raining, but the football match still went on.正: Although it was raining, the football match still went on.正: Although it was raining, yet the football match still went on. Although he is very old, yet (still) he is quite strong.他虽然上了年纪,但还是十分强壮。 　【知识拓展】（2）lose one's life相当于动词die。life意为“性命”，属可数名词，在数上要与one's一致。 .K]The Greens lost their lives in the car accident. 格林一家人在那次车祸中丧生了。【知识拓展】知识点11：I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship. ……我看到一些食人肉者正试图杀死两个来自破船上的人。 see sb. doing sth.指“看见某人正在做某事”,即看见的行为或事件正在进行。而see sb. do sth.指“看见了某人做某事的全过程”。I saw them chatting on the Internet a moment ago.刚才我看见他们在网上聊天。【知识拓展】知识点12：Do you know when Tom is leaving? 你知道汤姆什么时候离开吗？is leaving是现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,现在进行时表示将来的句子的谓语动词绝大多数是位移动词,这样的动词有:arrive, come, drive, fly, go, leave, travel等。 I’m going home tonight.我今晚回家。 We’re leaving for Changsha tomorrow.我们明天就去长沙。【易混辨析】知识点13：.…and she can’t wait to read them! ……就迫不及待想读它们can’t wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”。The girl can’t wait to open the box.这个女孩迫不及待地要打开这个盒子。I really can’t wait to go on holidays in Australia.我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亚度假。【知识拓展】语法清单语法①：现在完成时 1)定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：—Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃过早饭了吗？ —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.是的，我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) I’ve already read the book. 我已经读过这本书了。(了解了书的内容) 2)结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 3)句型： ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.例：I have found my pen.我找到我的钢笔了。②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。 例：I haven’t found my pen.我还没有找到我的钢笔。③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？ 例：—Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. —Yes, I have.是的，我已经找到了。 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. —No, I haven’t.不，我还没有找到。4)动词过去分词的变化规则 一般动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同。不规则动词的过去分词136页特殊记忆。5)常用标志词语：already(已经)，never(从未)，ever(曾经)，just(刚刚)，before(以前)，so far(到目前为止)，yet(还，已经)等。现在完成时态的结构与标志性的时间状语口诀:Have,has在前面，过去分词在后面。以前（before）从来不（never）出现；最近（recently）曾经（ever）一（once）两遍（twice）;自从（since）刚刚（just）时间段（for+时间段）；迄今（by now/so far）已经（already/yet）很明显。①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？④before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.⑤yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.6)already与yet的用法：►already，yet与现在完成时① already常用于肯定句中，一般用在句子中间或句末。 ② yet用于疑问句和否定句中，通常位于句末。eg：—Have you had your lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？—Yes，I've already had it. 是的，我已经吃过了。7)since与for的用法(How long提问)①since+过去一个时间点，如具体的年月、星期、小时。eg：1990、last night、half past six例： I have been here since 1990. 我自1990年以来一直在这里②since+一段时间+ago，表示“自···时间前开始至今”例：He has been here since five years ago. 他在这儿已经有5年了③since+一般过去时从句例：Many things have changed since you left. 自从你走后许多事情发生了变化④It is +时间段+since+一般过去时从句 例：It is ten years since he studied English.⑤for+时间段 例：I have been in the new school for a week.8)延续性动词和非延续性动词转换：borrow/lend have(has) keptbuy have(has) had/owneddie have(has) been deadbegin/start have(has) been onfinish/end have(has) been overopen have(has) been openclose have(has) been closedcatch a cold have(has) had a coldfall ill have(has) been illfall asleep have(has) been asleepgo to sleep have(has) been asleepbecome have(has) beenleave have(has) been away (from)get married/marry have(has) been marriedjoin have(has) been a member of have(has) been in sit down have(has) been seatedgo to school have(has) been a studentcatch a cold have(has) had a coldput on have(has wornget to know have(has) knowmove/come/go to /reach//get to/arrive have(has) been in/atreturn/go back/come back have(has) beenback注意：how long, since,for与现在完成时连用时动词要用延续性动词9)have been to和have gone to的区have been to强调“曾经去过…”现已不在那里，已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。Wordsl. treasure n.珠宝；财富2.island n.岛3.classic n.经典作品；名著 classical adj.经典的4.page n.(书刊或纸张的)页，面，张5.hurry v.匆忙；赶快6.due adj.预期；预定7.ship n.船8.tool n.工具9.gun n.枪10.mark n.迹象；记号；分数 v.做记号；打分 marked adj.明显的11.sand n.沙滩；沙12.cannibal n.食人肉者13.towards prep.朝；向；对着14.land n.陆地；大地15.fiction n.小说16.technology n.科技17.French n.法语 France n. 法国词形变化1.匆忙;赶快v. hurry—( 过去式) hurried2.沙滩;沙n. sand-含沙的adj. sandy3.国n. France-➢法语n. French- >法国人n. Frenchman4.介绍;引见v. introduce 一一介绍n. introduction5..南方n. south一南方的adj. southern6..实现目标;成功v. succeed一一成功n. success一一成功的adj. sccesfulPhrases1. go out to sea 出海2. be full of =be filled with 充满3. finish doing sth 完成做某事4. put down 放下5. hurry up 赶快6. on page 25在25页7. book report 读书报告8. be due 到期9. arrive on the island 到达岛上10. have nothing 一无所有11. bring back 带回12. lose one’s life 失去生命13. give up 放弃14. wait for 等待15. cut down 砍倒16. the mark of ...的印记17. not long after that 在那之后不久18. one...the other 一个...另一个19. leave behind 留下20. can’t wait to do 迫不及待地做某事21. run towards 朝...跑去22. on the sand 在沙滩上 23. grow up 长大24. in two weeks 两周之后Sentences1. Have you read Treasure Island yet ? 2. What’s it like ? 3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures.4. Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the United States.5. Have you decided yet which book to write about for English class ? 6. The book report is due in two weeks.7. It’s about four sisters growing up.8. I couldn’t put it down.9. Have you at least read the back of the book to see what it’s about ?10. You should hurry up.11. I’ve brought back many things I can use.12. I have already cut down trees.13. Who else is on my island ?14. I found the marks of another man’s feet on the sand.15. I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship.16. How long have they been here ?17. One of them died but the other run towards my house.18. I named him Friday.19. She can’t wait to read them !Grammar现在完成时的用法fill v.装满;注满。fill…with… 用……装满……,其主语通常是人,被动语态为be filled with,相当于be full of。☞The boy filled his backpack with books and pencils. 这个男孩在双肩背包里装满了书和铅笔。☞The bottle was filled with water.瓶子里装满了水。else形容词，意为“其他的，别的”，常放在疑问代词、疑问副词或不定代词之后other形容词，意为“其他的，别的”，用于名词之前put的相关短语：put away 收起来　 put off 推迟put on 穿上 put up 张贴hurry的相关短语：(1) hurry off/away意为“匆匆离去”。☞Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.赵老师匆匆赶去照看那个人。(2) hurry into意为“匆忙进入”。☞Her parents are trying to hurry her into marriage. 她的父母设法催她快点结婚。(3) hurry out意为“匆忙出去”。☞The man hurried out of the car before reporters could speak to him.记者们还未来得及与他交谈， 这个男人就匆匆离开了汽车。(4) in a hurry意为“匆忙地”。☞He left home in a hurry and forgot to turn off the light this morning.今天上午他匆忙离开家，忘记关灯了。be due to do sth.意为“预期做某事”The meeting is due to start at 3：30.会议预定3:30开始。(1)“get to+地点”表示“到达某地”,to后若接副词here/there/home等时,to省略。 ☞Write to us when you get there. 你到那里时请给我们来信。(2)arrive at+小地点,arrive in+大地点,arrive后若接副词here/there/home等时,at/in省略。 ☞We arrived in Shanghai this morning. 我们是今天早晨到达上海的。 (3) reach到达,可直接接宾语。 ☞They usually reach the school at five o’clock.他们通常5点钟到达学校。even though/if即使,尽管as though/if好像,仿佛(这两个词组中though不可以换为although)。①life泛指一般意义的“生活”时，为不可数名词。Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活变得越来越好。②life表示某种方式的“生活”时，常用单数形式。We are living a happy life. 我们过着幸福的生活。与see用法相似的动词还有:hear, watch, feel, notice等。leave/leave for/leave…for…/leave from(1) leave意为“离开;出发;离去”,其后接表示地点的名词,构成“leave+地点名词”短语。 ☞When did you leave London? 你们是什么时候离开伦敦的?　(2) leave for后接地点名词表示“动身去某地”。 ☞We are leaving for Rome next week. 我们下周将要去罗马。(3) leave…for…表示“离开……去……”。 ☞They will leave Nanjing for Hangzhou tomorrow.明天他们将离开南京去杭州。(4) leave from表示“从……离开”,from后的地点是离开的地方。 ☞I’m leaving from school.我要从学校离开。(1) can't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”。 He could not help laughing.他忍不住笑了起来。(2) can't stand doing sth.意为“不能容忍做某事”。 I can't stand waiting for such a long time. 我不能容忍等这么久。(3) can't stop doing sth. 意为“不能停止做某事”。eg：The boy couldn't stop crying when he heard the badnews.当他听到这个坏消息时，这个男孩不停地哭起来。