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    专题06 阅读理解推理判断题-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)

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    专题06 阅读理解推理判断题-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)

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    这是一份专题06 阅读理解推理判断题-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用),文件包含专题06阅读理解推理判断题-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练上海专用解析版docx、专题06阅读理解推理判断题-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练上海专用原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共41页, 欢迎下载使用。
    目录
    TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
    \l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
    \l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 细节推断题3
    \l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 因果推断题5
    \l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 态度及观点判断题6
    \l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 猜测及想象推理题7
    题型05 写作意图推理 \l "_Tc148898656" 题8
    \l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 10
    \l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 18
    题型简介
    推理判断题是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型,着重考查考生在理解文章字面意思的基础上,对文章深层含义的推理和判断能力。它要求考生依据文章提供的信息,通过逻辑推理、归纳总结、分析判断等思维过程,得出文章隐含的意义、作者的意图、观点态度等内容。这种题型难度相对较高,因为答案不能直接从原文中获取,需要考生具备较强的综合理解能力。
    文章题材广泛,无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都可能涉及推理判断题。考生需要在理解文章主题、结构、细节等多方面内容的基础上进行推断。
    命题类型
    推断隐含意义:这类题目要求考生从文章的字里行间推断出没有明确表述的深层含义。例如,通过对人物的语言、行为和所处环境的描写,推断出人物的性格特征或潜在情感;或者根据事件的发展,推测事件可能带来的潜在影响。通常提问方式有 “What can be inferred frm the passage ”“The passage implies that...”
    推断作者意图:主要是判断作者写这篇文章的目的,是为了提供信息(infrm)、进行娱乐(entertain)、表达观点(express pinins)、发出呼吁(appeal)还是其他意图。例如,在一篇关于环保问题的文章中,作者可能是在呼吁人们关注环境,减少污染。提问方式如 “What's the authr's purpse in writing this passage?”“The authr's intentin is t...”
    推断观点态度:要求考生领会作者或文中人物对某一事物的看法或态度,这种态度可能是积极的(psitive)、消极的(negative)、中立的(neutral)、怀疑的(skeptical)等。例如,通过分析作者在描述某个新科技产品时所使用的词汇,如 “remarkable”“grund - breaking” 可能表示作者持积极态度;而 “prblematic”“cntrversial” 可能暗示消极或质疑的态度。提问方式有 “What's the authr's attitude ”“The tne f the passage can be described as...”
    预测文章后续内容或事件发展趋势:根据文章已有的内容和情节发展,猜测接下来可能发生的事情或者文章下一部分可能讨论的主题。比如,在一个故事的情节发展到主人公面临一个艰难的抉择时,题目可能会问 “What's likely t happen next accrding t the passage?”
    解题思路
    立足原文内容:推理判断必须以文章内容为依据,不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。仔细阅读文章,理解文章的主题、结构和细节信息,找出与题目相关的关键部分。
    寻找线索和暗示:关注文章中的关键词、连接词、修辞手法等,这些可能是推理的重要线索。例如,“hwever”“therefre” 等连接词可以帮助我们理解作者的思路和观点变化;比喻、象征等修辞手法可能暗示作者的情感倾向。
    分析逻辑关系:考虑文章中的因果、对比、类比等逻辑关系。如果文章提到某种现象是由某个原因引起的,那么在推理时可以依据这个因果关系进行推断;如果是对比不同事物的特点,就可以从对比中得出对这些事物的评价。
    排除干扰选项:对于不符合原文逻辑和信息的选项要果断排除。有些选项可能本身内容正确,但与题目要求的推理判断无关;有些选项可能是过度推断,超出了原文所提供的范围。
    命题方式
    【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有:
    It can be inferred/ cncluded that _________.
    Which f the fllwing cnclusins can we draw accrding t the passage?
    In which f the fllwing publicatin wuld this passage mst likely be printed?
    The passage implies, but desn’t directly state that _________.
    The writer suggests that _________.
    What’s the authr’s attitude tward _________?
    The writer prbably feels that _________.
    The authr uses the examples f... t shw that _________.
    除此之外,还要注意几个误区:
    ①原文信息的简单重复,并不是推断出来的结论。
    ②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。
    ③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。
    ④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。
    ⑤虽然符合考生的常识,但文中并没有支撑的依据。
    题型01 细节推断题

    要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),cnclude(作出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
    (2025年浦东新区一模)
    It was hard t get infrmatin abut what was ging n acrss Asheville. Within hurs, we lst pwer, Internet and even cell service. A neighbr tld me we culd get infrmatin n the radi, s I sat in my car t listen t the lcal radi statin’s updates. That’s hw I learned that the water wasn’t safe t drink. The treatment plant was under eight feet f water and the distributin pipes had washed away.
    38.What can be inferred frm paragragh 5?
    A. Timely access t infrmatin is imprtant during a disaster.
    B. The treatment plant is suppsed t be built deep underwater.
    C. Peple must depend n neighbrs fr survival in a disaster.
    D. Prtecting water resurces prmtes a sense f cmmunity.
    【答案】38. A
    【38 题详解】
    推理判断题。第五段主要讲述了因为飓风,作者所在的地方很快失去了电力、网络甚至手机信号,很难获取信息,后来通过听收音机才得知水不安全等重要信息。由此可以推断出在灾难期间及时获取信息是很重要的。故选 A。

    题型02 因果推断题

    要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。它的首要呈现方法如下:
    1.阶段(含首段)榜首句假如表达一种因果联系,一般为考点。
    2.文章中细节性的因果联系---一般由一些表明因果联系的词汇手法表达。
    (1)表明因果联系的名词:basis (依据), result, cnsequence, reasn;
    (2)表明因果联系的动词:result in (结果), result frm (因为,由……), fllw frm (……结果), base…n… (以……为根底), be due t (因为);
    (3)表明因果联系的连词或介词:because, since, fr, as, therefre, s, thus, why, with;
    (4)表明因果联系的副词:as a result, cnsequently等。
    (2025年徐汇一模)
    Keller’s research adds a significant piece t the still-incmplete puzzle f shark bilgy. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due t mstly verfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migratin patterns f sharks can help us understand what arcas t prtect when managing marine spaces.
    45. Frm the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________.
    A. prvides a new methd fr capturing sharks.
    B. supprts the idea that sharks’ migratin patterns are randm.
    C. adds crucial infrmatin t ur understanding f shark bilgy.
    D. suggests that sharks shuld be prtected frm verfishing.
    【答案】 45. C
    【45题详解】
    推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Keller’s research adds a significant piece t the still-incmplete puzzle f shark bilgy.(凯勒的研究为尚不完整的鲨鱼生物学之谜增添了重要的一环)”可推知,凯勒的研究重要是因为Keller的研究为我们理解鲨鱼生物学增添了至关重要的信息。故选C。
    (2025年虹口一模)
    Despite high rates f innumeracy (数学盲), there are reasns t think that peple may nt disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies shw that peple ften prefer getting numerical details ver vague descriptin r purely verbal cmmunicatin. Peple als trust messages prvided by medical prfessinals r jurnalists mre when that cmmunicatin includes numbers than when it des nt. The use f specific numbers signals expertise t readers.
    S whether yu’re an envirnmentalist seeking t cmmunicate mre effectively ver scial media r lking fr strategies t persuade family ver the dinner table, there are a few lessns here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically abut data presentatin. When talking abut climate change, include sme prpsed actin. Given that past wrk suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, yur readers r listeners may be mre likely t fllw yur recmmendatins. When used wisely, numbers can help transfrm anxiety int actin, which culd help turn the tide in ur fight against climate change.
    43. Accrding t the passage, what can numbers d when they are used t illustrate climate change?
    A. They can aruse peple’s anxiety abut math.
    B. They leave the audience even mre cnfused.
    C. They help make the message mre credible.
    D. They dn’t really change hw peple feel.
    45. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is an effective climate message?
    A. Sea level rise: a ticking time bmb fr castal cities!
    B. Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% n carbn emissins!
    C. 50% f species lst: a warning frm climate change!
    D. Plant mre trees tday, enjy fresher air tmrrw!
    【答案】43. C 45. B
    【解析】
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数字在气候变化传播中作用,包括其增强信息可信度的优点以及可能引发的焦虑等缺点,并给出了如何有效使用数字进行气候传播的建议。
    【43题详解】
    推理判断题。根据第三段中“Peple als trust messages prvided by medical prfessinals r jurnalists mre
    when that cmmunicatin includes numbers than when it des nt. The use f specific numbers signals expertise t readers.(当交流中包含数字时,人们也更信任医疗专业人员或记者提供的信息,而不是不包含数字的信息。特定数字的使用向读者传达了专业知识)”可知,人们更信任包含数字的信息。由此推知,当数字被用来阐述气候变化时,它们可以让信息显得更加可靠。故选C项。
    【45题详解】
    推理判断题。根据最后一段中“S whether yu’re an envirnmentalist seeking t cmmunicate mre effectively ver scial media r lking fr strategies t persuade family ver the dinner table, there are a few lessns here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically abut data presentatin. When talking abut climate change, include sme prpsed actin.(因此,无论你是一位希望在社交媒体上更有效地进行交流的环保主义者,还是正在寻找在餐桌上说服家人的策略,这里都有一些经验教训。找到关键的数字数据并分享它。从战略角度考虑数据呈现方式。在谈论气候变化时,提出一些行动建议)”可知,有效的气候信息应该包含关键的数字数据和具体的行动建议。B项“Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% n carbn emissins!(每天骑行5英里,减少50%的碳排放!)”给出关键的数字数据,且提出了具体的行动建议,符合有效气候信息的标准。故选B项。
    题型03 态度及观点判断题

    高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想,被描写人物语气,言谈话语中流露的情绪,性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度,观点等方面的理解题。
    (2025年闵行一模)
    In September 2020, Park launched GreenThread — her sustainable fashin dream came true. The stre's special tuch? It sld upcycled clthing and fabric made frm waste materials. Custmers culd bring in their ld clthes and trade them fr stre credit, giving the items a secnd life. GreenThread's clthes were a mix f repurpsed fabrics and ec-friendly dyes, prving that sustainable fashin can be stylish.
    When the pandemic(疫情) hit, it wasn't smth sailing. But Park wasn't ready t call it quits. She switched t an nline mdel and started ffering virtual style cnsultatins. The respnse was awesme, and GreenThread's fan base grew as mre peple realized the benefits f shpping sustainably.
    38. Which f the fllwing best describes Park's attitude twards her business?
    A. Optimistic and practical. B. Carefree and relaxed.
    C. Fcused and cautius. D. Creative and determined.
    【答案】38. D
    【38 题详解】
    推理判断题。Park 创立了 GreenThread 这样独特的可持续时尚商店,通过售卖升级再造服装和让顾客以旧换新等方式,体现了她的创新性。当疫情来袭,她没有放弃,而是转变为线上模式并提供虚拟风格咨询,这表明她的决心。所以 Park 对自己事业的态度是有创造性且坚定的,答案选 D。
    题型04 猜测想象推理题

    有些内容文章中没有明确说明,要求考生根据语篇,对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理和想象,一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等,从而作出比较科学的预测。
    这类题目常见的设问形式有:
    What d yu think will happen when/if ________?
    At the end f this passage, the writer might cntinue t write ________.
    The paragraph fllwing the passage will mst prbably be abut ________.
    Which f the fllwing statements is mst likely t be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
    (2025年徐汇一模)
    Carline Rbbins knew that the first day f schl was very, very imprtant. Why? Because that was the day when yu chse where yu wuld sit fr the entire year. Carline realized that in sme classes this chice wuld be made fr her. The teacher wuld place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) rder, meaning she wuld have t sit in frnt f Zach Rdgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Carline, and wuld distract her frm her wrk by passing ntes and telling jkes t impress her. In general, being a Rbbins was pretty gd, but having t sit in frnt f Zach was definitely a drawback.
    In her ther classes, thugh, Carline wuld be sure t chse just the right seat. Carline liked t think f herself as ne f the cl kids, but she als did well in schl and liked learning. S, Carline wanted t sit clse t the cl kids, but nt t clse, r she wuld be mre interested in talking than paying attentin. She als knew that it was gd t be friends with the smart kids, because they culd help Carline with her schlwrk. Hwever, she
    didn’t want t sit t clse t the smart kids. Unfrtunately, at Carline’s schl, the smart kids and the cl kids were nt the same kids.
    37. What can be inferred frm paragraph 2?
    A. Carline was ften seen as a cl kid, nt a smart kid.
    B. Carline wanted t be the nly smart kid in her schl.
    C. If Carline was seen as a smart kid, n ne wuld think she was cl.
    D. Carline’s schl was unusual in that smart kids were als cl.
    【答案】 37. C
    【37题详解】
    推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Unfrtunately, at Carline’s schl, the smart kids and the cl kids were nt the same kids. (不幸的是,在Carline的学校里,聪明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知,在Carline的学校,聪明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推断出,如果Carline被认为是聪明的孩子,那么就不会有人认为她是酷的孩子。故选C。
    题型05 写作意图推测题

    此题型要求考生根据文章的论述,在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路,推测作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。
    写作意图推测题的常见设问方式有:
    Fr what purpse did the authr write the passage?
    The writer writes this passage in rder t _________.
    The purpse f the text is t _________.
    What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
    The writer uses…in the first paragraph t ________.
    The writer uses the example f….t _________.
    (2025年杨浦一模)
    Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically. The term dates back t the autism (自闭症) cmmunity in the 1990s, thugh it’s nw applied t all srts f mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Rbert Chapman, a neurdivergent (脑功能异于常人的) philspher with autism, “The nly hpe fr autistic peple and ur families, it was thught, was that we wuld ne day be fixed thrugh behaviral r bimedical interventin.”
    Crucially, the neurdiversity mvement allws neurdivergent peple t transfrm their thinking abut themselves. “The dminant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me smehw tragic, brken, and in need f fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 bk. “This was why I fund discvering neurdiversity mvement, which ffered a different analysis, s liberating.”
    46. The main purpse f the article is t ______.
    A. intrduce the effective treatment methds fr autism
    B. explain the histry and significance f the neurdiversity mvement
    C. argue fr the necessity f prmting the neurdiversity mvement
    D. criticize the wrng fcus f research in understanding autism
    【答案】46. B
    【46题详解】
    推理判断题。根据第一段“Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically.(神经多样性是一个术语,指的是人类大脑的自然差异范围。神经多样性运动表示,在这个范围内偏离平均水平的大脑不应该被自动视为不充分)”可知,这句话引出神经多样性这一话题,接下来文章围绕神经多样性运动展开,解释了其历史、意义和影响。由此推知,文章的主要目的是解释神经多样性运动的历史和意义。故选B项。
    (A)
    (上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语月考)
    The wrd “brainstrming” depicts a visin f hell. It is smene saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately t wrk ut where everyne else’s cursrs (光标) have gne n a digital whitebard. Yet brainstrming persists, and fr decent reasns. Getting a grup f peple tgether is an pprtunity t explit different viewpints. S why is brainstrming ften s painful?
    The prblem is that brainstrming must strike a balance between a series f cmpeting necessities. One tensin is between creativity and feasibility. A brainstrm is meant t be freeing, a chance t ask ut-f-the-bx questins. But it is als meant t prduce suggestins that can actually be translated int reality, which calls fr a mre dwn-t-earth style f thinking.
    A secnd tensin is between managers and nnmanagers. By its nature brainstrming is insiderish. Smene has t arrange the sessin, and that persn is ften the manager f a team. If decisin-makers are nt in the rm, then the suspicin will grw that time is being wasted. If they are, then hierarchies (等级制度) easily becme the sptlight: gd ideas can shrink with a frwn frm the bss, and bad nes can survive with a nd.
    A related issue cncerns the presence f utsiders. There is a natural temptatin t keep drawing n the same senir peple within an rganizatin t generate ideas: these are the nes wh get things dne, wh understand a cmpany’s strategy. Yet researches suggest that utsiders bring a fresh perspective. That might be peple frm related industries. It might als be middle managers r frntline emplyees wh have direct cntact with custmers.
    A third balance t strike is between different persnalities and different styles f thinking. A new paper frm researchers at Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business finds that brainstrming n Zm cmes at a cst t creativity: as peple’s visual fcus narrws n the screen in frnt f them, their cgnitive range als seems t becme mre limited. But if in-persn gatherings are better, they als d nt wrk equally well fr everyne. Sme persnalities are immediately cmfrtable saying what they think; thers need t be persuaded t share their pinins.
    These are knwn prblems, and there are plenty f ideas ut there t slve them. “Figure-strming” is a way fr peple t cmbat grup-think by pretending t be an influential persn trying t address the prblems. Sme simpler rules are much mre likely t help. Define the limits f a brainstrming sessin upfrnt. Try t make a specific thing wrk better rather than t sht fr the Mn. Invlve peple yu dn’t knw, as well as thse yu d. Start by getting peple t write their ideas dwn in silence, s extrverts and bsses have less chance t dminate. And be clear abut the next steps after the sessin is ver; the attractin f hlding a “design sprint (冲刺)”, a weeklng, clear-the-diary way fr a team t develp and test prduct prttypes, is that the thread cnnecting ideas t utcmes is tight. All f them wuld make brainstrming a little mre thught-prvking and less heart-sinking.
    43. By saying “The wrd ‘brainstrming’ depicts a visin f hell”, the authr prbably means ________.
    A. the brainwaves barbecue can be misleading
    B. it’s hard t figure ut thers’ perspectives
    C. brainstrming triggers hatred amng peple
    D. bsses explit staff’s brainpwer mercilessly
    44. “________” qualifies as an ut-f-the-bx questin.
    A. What are yu talking abut? We wrk at a salad chain.
    B. Is there any pint in inviting utsiders t brainstrming?
    C. Hw wuld the British queen imprve n clud cmputing?
    D. Wuldn’t it be great if peple had artificial tails when diving?
    45. What can be inferred frm the study by Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business?
    A. Online cnferences hld the participants’ attentin better than in-persn gatherings.
    B. Peple’s cgnitive range seems t limit their visual fcus t the screen at nline meetings.
    C. Fruitful brainstrming invlves taking different persnalities and thinking mdes int accunt.
    D. In-persn gatherings liberate brainstrming participants’ creativity despite varius persnalities.
    46. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
    A. Varius slutins t the prblems with brainstrming.
    B. Hw “figure-strming” cntributes t brainstrming.
    C. Reasns why brainstrming sessins are painful.
    D. Thught-prvking versus heart-sinking.
    【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A
    【解析】
    【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了头脑风暴这一概念,讨论了造成头脑风暴痛苦的原因及其解决办法,通过分析其内环的平衡点如创造力和可行性、管理者和非管理者、不同个性和思维风格的冲突,提出了改善头脑风暴过程的一些技巧和方法。
    【43题详解】
    推理判断题。根据第一段中“The wrd “brainstrming” depicts a visin f hell. It is smene saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately t wrk ut where everyne else’s cursrs (光标) have gne n a digital whitebard. (“头脑风暴”一词描绘了地狱的景象。有人说,“启动脑电波烧烤。”它正拼命地想弄清楚其他人的光标在数字白板上的位置)”可知,作者说“The wrd ‘brainstrming’ depicts a visin f hell. (“头脑风暴”一词描绘了地狱的景象)”可知,因为在集体头脑风暴时,人们很难弄清楚其他人在数字白板上光标的位置,即很难理解他人的观点。故选B项。
    【44题详解】
    推理判断题。根据第二段中“A brainstrm is meant t be freeing, a chance t ask ut-f-the-bx questins. But it is als meant t prduce suggestins that can actually be translated int reality, which calls fr a mre dwn-t-earth style f thinking. (头脑风暴意味着解放,一个提出开箱即用的问题的机会。但它也意味着提出可以转化为现实的建议,这需要一种更务实的思维方式)”可知,文中提到头脑风暴应该是一个机会去提出“ut-f-the-bx”的问题,而且这类问题是一个可以转化为现实的建议,并体现务实的思维方式。由此推知,选项D“Wuldn’t it be great if peple had artificial tails when diving? (如果人们在潜水时有人工尾巴,那岂不是很棒?)符合题意。故选D项。
    【45题详解】
    推理判断题。根据第五段中“A third balance t strike is between different persnalities and different styles f thinking. A new paper frm researchers at Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business finds that brainstrming n Zm cmes at a cst t creativity: as peple’s visual fcus narrws n the screen in frnt f them, their cgnitive range als seems t becme mre limited. But if in-persn gatherings are better, they als d nt wrk equally well fr everyne. (第三个平衡点是在不同的性格和不同的思维方式之间。斯坦福大学商学院研究人员的一篇新论文发现,在Zm上进行头脑风暴是以牺牲创造力为代价的:随着人们的视觉焦点在他们面前的屏幕上变窄,他们的认知范围似乎也变得更加有限。但如果面对面的聚会更好,它们也不是对每个人都同样有效)”可知,斯坦福商学院的研究人员发现,大脑风暴在Zm上的创造力受限,因为线上会议时人的视野和认知限制也被显示器影响。面对面的聚会虽然更好,但并不适合所有人。由此推知,富有成效的头脑风暴需要考虑不同的个性和思维模式。故选C项。
    【46题详解】
    主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“These are knwn prblems, and there are plenty f ideas ut there t slve them. (这些都是已知的问题,有很多想法可以解决它们)”可知,本段主要讨论的是解决头脑风暴中已知问题的各种方法。故选A项。
    (B)
    (上海市市西中学2024--2025学年第一学期期中考试)
    A few weeks ag, a well-meaning prfessr tried t explain the physilgical prcess behind viruses and the human bdy in a tweet and was immediately criticized fr a mistake in his infrmatin. He then issued an aplgy and deleted his errneus tweet.
    Cmmunicating science beynd the academic bubble is necessary t augmenting (增加) public understanding f health and envirnmental issues and helping individuals make well-infrmed persnal decisins.
    Hwever, scientists wh engage in science cmmunicatin must acknwledge that even in their area, their expertise is deep but narrw. They need t recgnize the cnstraints in their wn knwledge. That is nt t suggest that they nly write r present n their wn research, but rather, that they cnsult with an expert if the tpic is utside f their discipline. Fact-checking with a scientist wh wrks in the specialty will prevent the unintentinal spread f misinfrmatin, and the prcess f ding s may yield tiny pieces f interesting new infrmatin that can be incrprated.
    Sme have argued that the public is nt educated enugh t understand scientific infrmatin, especially fr any cmplex phenmena, but this is absurd. Science instructin can be fund at all levels f public educatin with mst secndary schls ffering classes n bilgy, physics, and chemistry. If anything, scial media has shwn that the public craves knwledge based n a slid scientific fundatin. Even the public discurse (话语) that fllws mst scientific articles shws that nline readers can understand even the mst puzzling f scientific principles.
    It is equally necessary t emphasize that being an expert n a tpic des nt autmatically make a schlar qualified t cmmunicate it t a nnscientific audience. A number f scientists recently have been ffering public-aimed explanatins f scientific phenmena. Even thugh they have apprpriate credentials, they ften d very little in the way f explaining. One bilgist shared a cmplex analgy(类比)invlving a library, bks, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake t explain the prcess behind vaccines. Any explanatin that requires a written key t keep track f what each item represents is nt a clear example fr public cnsumptin.
    Science cmmunicatin is a science in and f itself. It requires rigrus training and instructin. A scientist shuld take cmmunicatin curses that can teach a persn hw t identify and eliminate jargn (术语) and hw t develp effective analgies t explain cmplex cncepts. One cannt assume cmmunicatin expertise-imagine if smene just decided that they were a physicist and started trying t cntribute t the field withut the necessary backgrund. Ding a pr jb cmmunicating science t the public will nly create cnfusin and widen the gap between science and sciety, a gap that scientists are trying t clse.
    43. What des the authr advise scientists d t deal with tpics utside f their specialty?
    A. Write r present n them frm new angles.
    B. Utilize infrmatin frm diverse surces.
    C. Turn t a specialist fr prfessinal help.
    D. Fact-check with clleagues in-their field.
    44. What can be learned frm Paragraph 4?
    A. A slid academic fundatin is essential t understanding puzzling scientific principles.
    B. Mdern technlgy has facilitated cmmunicatin between scientists and the public.
    C. Scientific articles have gained increasing ppularity amng the general public.
    D. The public’s understanding f science is much better than sme have claimed.
    45. What des the example f the bilgist wh shared an intricate analgy shw?
    A. It is helpful t use illustratins in explaining scientific phenmena.
    B. It is imperative t have apprpriate titles t explain scientific issues.
    C. A learned schlar is nt necessarily a qualified science cmmunicatr.
    D. A nnscientific audience cannt crrectly understand principles f science.
    46. What des the authr suggest scientists d t clse the gap between science and sciety?
    A. Develp cmmunicatin skills.
    B. Make apprpriate use f scientific terms.
    C. Take curses in public speaking.
    D. Explain cmplex cncepts scientifically.
    【答案】43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A
    【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学家在向公众传播科学知识时面临的挑战、必要性以及如何提高传播效果,提出了科学家需要认识到自己知识的局限性、公众对科学知识的渴望、科学家需要具备有效的传播技巧等观点。
    【43题详解】
    细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They need t recgnize the cnstraints in their wn knwledge. That is nt t suggest that they nly write r present n their wn research, but rather, that they cnsult with an expert if the tpic is utside f their discipline.(他们需要认识到自己知识的局限性。这并不是说他们只能撰写或介绍自己的研究成果,而是说,如果话题超出了他们的学科范围,他们应该咨询相关专家)”可知,作者认为当科学家遇到超出了他们的学科范围的话题时,他们应该咨询相关专家。故选C。
    【44题详解】
    推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Sme have argued that the public is nt educated enugh t understand scientific infrmatin, especially fr any cmplex phenmena, but this is absurd. Science instructin can be fund at all levels f public educatin with mst secndary schls ffering classes n bilgy, physics, and chemistry. If anything, scial media has shwn that the public craves knwledge based n a slid scientific fundatin. Even the public discurse (话语) that fllws mst scientific articles shws that nline readers can understand even the mst puzzling f scientific principles.(有人认为,公众受教育程度不够,无法理解科学信息,尤其是复杂的科学现象,但这种观点是荒谬的。各级公共教育中都可以找到科学教学的内容,大多数中学都开设了生物、物理和化学等课程。如果说有什么不同的话,那就是社交媒体表明,公众渴望获得基于坚实科学基础的知识。甚至大多数科学文章后的公众讨论也表明,在线读者能够理解甚至最令人困惑的科学原理)”可推知,公众对科学的理解比一些人声称的要好得多。故选D。
    【45题详解】
    推理判断题。根据文章第五段“It is equally necessary t emphasize that being an expert n a tpic des nt autmatically make a schlar qualified t cmmunicate it t a nnscientific audience. A number f scientists recently have been ffering public-aimed explanatins f scientific phenmena. Even thugh they have apprpriate credentials, they ften d very little in the way f explaining. One bilgist shared a cmplex analgy (类比) invlving a library, bks, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake t explain the prcess behind vaccines. Any explanatin that requires a written key t keep track f what each item represents is nt a clear example fr public cnsumptin.(有人认为,公众受教育程度不够,无法理解科学信息,尤其是复杂的科学现象,但这种观点是荒谬的。各级公共教育中都可以找到科学教学的内容,大多数中学都开设了生物、物理和化学等课程。如果说有什么不同的话,那就是社交媒体表明,公众渴望获得基于坚实科学基础的知识。甚至大多数科学文章后的公众讨论也表明,在线读者能够理解甚至最令人困惑的科学原理)”可知,这个例子是为了强调,即使是一位在生物学领域有深厚学识的学者,也可能在尝试向非专业听众解释复杂的科学概念时遇到困难。这个例子突显了科学传播的挑战,并指出,仅仅因为某人在其专业领域内知识渊博,并不意味着他们就能有效地将这些知识传达给非专业听众。由此推知,这个例子说明了学识渊博并不等同于具备科学传播的能力。故选C。
    【46题详解】
    细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Science cmmunicatin is a science in and f itself. It requires rigrus training and instructin. A scientist shuld take cmmunicatin curses that can teach a persn hw t identify and eliminate jargn(术语)and hw t develp effective analgies t explain cmplex cncepts.(科学传播本身就是一门科学。它需要严格的培训和指导。科学家应该参加沟通课程,这些课程可以教授如何识别和消除术语,以及如何发展有效的类比来解释复杂的概念)”可知,作者建议科学家为了缩小科学与社会之间的鸿沟应该接受沟通技巧。故选A。
    (2025年青浦一模)
    My dctr tk me fr a walk arund the farm where she lived. I was physically and emtinally exhausted and discuraged by anxiety and depressin. The place was full f life. There were insects, hrses, rabbits, and a cat. She tld me t fcus n my bdy in the envirnment. When I was ill, I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw. S, when I met a hrse named Fira, I expected nthing. As I gt clser t Fira, she rubbed her nse int my chest, putting a gentle pressure ver my heart. Smething happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring f past hurts, fears and failings. I began t melt emtinally. I patted Fira’s nse and breathed in her smell. I fund I didn’t have t cncentrate n feeling better; Fira helped me feel lved and safe.
    I wrked with Fira ften, learning basic cmmunicatin and leading methds t wrk tgether with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what ne wuld d with a hrse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had tuched me in an uncmmn way and had made me feel better. She cnnected with me by respnding t my emtinal state and reflecting it back t me in an pen, affectinate way.
    In my meetings with Fira, I learned t live in the present, t fcus n what was happening this day, in this mment, in this place. I learned t frget the past, with all its hurt. I learned t frget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw int a life in which trust cmes first, and cmpassin fllws. I fund a deep peace in leading her alng a path, by using my wn pwer f intentin t indicate whether t start, stp, turn left r turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even jy. My wrk with this hrse was part f a jurney ut f a very dark night in my sul.
    36. Why did the writer expect nthing when meeting Fira?
    A. Because Fira’s reactin led the writer t feel hurt and fearful.
    B. Because the writer’s mentality kept her frm cnnecting with thers.
    C. Because the writer knew nthing abut Fira and didn’t knw what t expect.
    D. Because the animals n the farm distracted the writer frm fcusing n her bdy.
    37. Which f the fllwing statements abut Fira is TRUE?
    A. Fira was the writer’s pet, living n her farm.
    B. Fira made the writer feel better by giving her rides.
    C. Fira gt the writer t cncentrate n her hurt feelings.
    D. Fira respnded affectinately t the writer’s apprach.
    38. In the last paragraph, the writer shares her experience with Fira t imply that _______.
    A. animals can fllw peple’s instructins, thus gaining their trust
    B. interacting with animals can be a therapy t psychlgical distress
    C. meetings with animals can help peple step ut f their cmfrt zne
    D. peple can access temprary peace and jy when wrking with animals
    39. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
    A. My Dctr’s Farm: A Place f HealingB. Fira: The Hrse that Saved My Life
    C. Frm Darkness t Light: My Jurney with FiraD. Hrse Smell: The Magic Pwer
    答案: 36. B 37. D 38.B 39. C
    文章大意:
    作者因身心俱疲、饱受焦虑和抑郁困扰,医生带其到自己居住的农场散步。农场充满生机,在那里作者邂逅了一匹名为 Fira 的马。起初,由于作者自身心理状态不佳,对与 Fira 的相遇并未抱有期待。然而,Fira 用温柔的举动触动了作者,让作者内心积压的伤痛开始消解。此后,作者常与 Fira 相处,学习与它沟通及合作的方法。在与 Fira 的互动中,作者学会了活在当下,忘却过去的伤痛与对未来的担忧,逐步走出心灵的黑暗低谷。
    答案解析
    36 题 答案:B
    解析:文中明确提到 “When I was ill, I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw. S, when I met a hrse named Fira, I expected nthing.”,这表明作者患病时习惯沉浸在自己的思绪中,与现实脱节,这种心理状态致使她在见到 Fira 时不抱任何期望。A 选项,是在接触 Fira 后作者内心的伤痛被引发,并非一开始就因 Fira 的反应而受伤恐惧;C 选项,并非因为不了解 Fira 所以没期待,核心原因是作者自身的心理问题;D 选项,文中未提及农场动物分散作者对自身身体关注的相关内容。所以 B 选项正确。
    37 题 答案:D
    解析:依据 “As I gt clser t Fira, she rubbed her nse int my chest, putting a gentle pressure ver my heart.” 以及 “She cnnected with me by respnding t my emtinal state and reflecting it back t me in an pen, affectinate way.” 可知,当作者靠近 Fira 时,Fira 不仅用鼻子蹭作者胸口,还以开放且深情的方式回应作者的情绪状态,这充分说明 Fira 对作者的靠近给予了深情回应。A 选项,文中没有信息表明 Fira 是作者的宠物;B 选项,作者并非通过骑马感觉变好,而是与 Fira 的互动让其心境改善;C 选项,Fira 是使作者内心伤痛得到缓解,并非让作者专注于伤痛感觉。因此,D 选项正确。
    38 题 答案:B
    解析:在最后一段,作者详细叙述了与 Fira 相处的经历,从最初被焦虑和抑郁笼罩的黑暗状态,到在与 Fira 的相处过程中学会活在当下,进而走出心灵的黑暗,这一系列变化表明与动物的互动对作者的心理困扰起到了治疗作用。A 选项,文章重点并非强调动物听从指令获取信任,而是与动物互动对心理的积极影响;C 选项,文中未涉及走出舒适区的内容;D 选项,作者与 Fira 相处并非只是获得暂时的平静和快乐,而是实现了心灵困境的逐步解脱。所以,B 选项正确。
    39 题 答案:C
    解析:文章主要围绕作者从身心受焦虑抑郁折磨的黑暗状态,通过与 Fira 相处逐渐走向心灵光明的历程展开。C 选项 “Frm Darkness t Light: My Jurney with Fira” 精准地概括了文章的核心内容,是最佳标题。A 选项,文章重点并非医生的农场,而是作者与 Fira 的经历;B 选项,“saved my life” 表述过于夸大;D 选项,“Hrse Smell” 只是与 Fira 接触中的一个细节,无法全面概括全文。所以,C 选项正确。
    重点词块
    physically and emtinally exhausted:身心俱疲
    withdraw int:退缩到;沉浸于
    discnnect frm:与…… 脱节
    rub... int...:把…… 擦进;蹭
    respnd t:对…… 做出回应
    live in the present:活在当下
    reflect... back t...:把…… 反馈给……
    step ut f:走出
    复杂句式
    1. When I was ill, I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw.
    分析:这是一个主从复合句,“When I was ill” 为时间状语从句,表明作者处于生病这一特定时间背景;主句为 “I tended t withdraw int my mind and discnnect frm the here and nw”,其中 “tend t d sth.” 表示 “倾向于做某事”,描述作者在生病时的行为倾向。
    翻译:当我生病的时候,我往往会沉浸在自己的思绪中,与当下脱节。
    2. As I gt clser t Fira, she rubbed her nse int my chest, putting a gentle pressure ver my heart.
    分析:此句同样是主从复合句,“As I gt clser t Fira” 为时间状语从句,说明作者靠近 Fira 这一动作发生的时间;“she rubbed her nse int my chest” 是主句,描述 Fira 的主要动作;“putting a gentle pressure ver my heart” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,补充说明 Fira 蹭作者胸口时同时施加的动作。
    翻译:当我靠近 Fira 时,她把鼻子蹭进我的胸口,在我的心脏上方轻轻施压。
    3. I fund a deep peace in leading her alng a path, by using my wn pwer f intentin t indicate whether t start, stp, turn left r turn right.
    分析:这是一个简单句,“in leading her alng a path” 和 “by using my wn pwer f intentin t indicate whether t start, stp, turn left r turn right” 均为方式状语,前者表明作者在引领 Fira 沿着小路走的过程中找到平静,后者说明作者通过运用自己的意向力来指示 Fira 行动方向,进而找到平静。
    翻译:在引领她沿着小路前行的过程中,通过运用我自己的意向力来指示是开始、停止、向左转还是向右转,我找到了一种深深的平静。
    4. My wrk with this hrse was part f a jurney ut f a very dark night in my sul.
    分析:该句为简单句,“My wrk with this hrse” 是句子主语,表示 “我与这匹马的相处(经历)”;“was” 为系动词;“part f a jurney” 作表语;“ut f a very dark night in my sul” 为介词短语作后置定语,修饰 “jurney”,说明这是一段走出心灵黑暗的旅程。
    翻译:我与这匹马的相处经历是我走出心灵黑暗之夜旅程的一部分。
    (2025年崇明一模)
    The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre. Recipients can be a news rganizatin, an individual r a grup f peple.
    Each f the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal. The name f the year’s winner is n ne side f the cin and the year is n the ther. All winners are hnred and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Clumbia University, which was riginally tasked with administering the award, and usually ccurs in May.
    If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian-American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence. Pulitzer was brn int a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way t America and built a career in jurnalism. He develped a reputatin as an ambitius and energetic yung jurnalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had becme a publisher, and six years later he wned a newspaper cmpany. In 1883 he purchased yet anther newspaper. He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐败).
    After a successful career in jurnalism, seven years befre his death, Pulitzer wrte a will, leaving $2,000,000 t Clumbia University. The mney was t establish a schl f jurnalism at Clumbia and a set f awards. Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.
    Faithfully fllwing Pulitzer’s instructins, Clumbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Tday these awards are cnsidered sme f the mst distinguished prizes in America.
    36. What can be knwn abut the Pulitzers?
    A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year.
    C. They are awarded wrldwide.D. They g beynd jurnalism.
    37. It can be inferred frm the passage that Jseph Pulitzer _____.
    A. was humrus and curageus B. was raised up in a jurnalist’s family
    C. had a strng sense f justice D. sught a gal f prducing wealth
    38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly t _____.
    A. facilitate better jurnalismB. diversify ways f access t jurnalism
    C. supprt Clumbia University D. stimulate peple t becme jurnalists
    39. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
    A. Pulitzer Prizes: Jseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambitin
    B. Pulitzer Prizes: Sme f America’s Greatest Hnrs
    C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards fr Distinguished Jurnalists
    D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Clumbia University
    【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B
    【导读】
    本文介绍了普利策奖,它是美国在新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域颁发的奖项,涵盖 22 个类别。获奖者包括新闻机构、个人或团体,除公共服务奖外,其他 21 个奖项的获得者可获现金奖励和证书。该奖由匈牙利裔美国人约瑟夫・普利策设立,他在新闻领域取得成功后,留下 200 万美元给哥伦比亚大学,用于建立新闻学院和设立奖项,以提高新闻行业标准。1917 年,哥伦比亚大学首次颁发普利策奖,如今该奖已成为美国最杰出的奖项之一。
    【解析】
    36. 细节理解题:
    根据第一段 “The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre.” 可知,普利策奖不仅涉及新闻领域,还包括书籍、戏剧、音乐等多个领域,D 选项 “它们超越了新闻领域” 正确。
    A 选项,公共服务奖获得者获得的是普利策金牌而非现金奖励,所以 A 选项错误;B 选项,每年有 22 个奖项,而不是 21 个获奖者,所以 B 选项错误;C 选项,普利策奖是在美国国内颁发,并非全球范围,所以 C 选项错误。所以答案是 D。
    37. 推理判断题:
    由第三段 “He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐败).” 可知,约瑟夫・普利策敢于公开反对腐败,这表明他有强烈的正义感,C 选项正确。
    A 选项,文中未提及他幽默;B 选项,他出生于匈牙利的富裕家庭,并非新闻工作者家庭;D 选项,他设立奖项的目的是提高新闻行业标准,而非追求财富,所以 A、B、D 选项错误。所以答案是 C。
    38. 细节理解题:
    根据第四段 “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.” 可知,普利策设立奖项主要是为了促进更好的新闻工作,提高新闻行业标准,A 选项正确。
    B 选项 “使进入新闻行业的方式多样化”,文中未提及;C 选项 “支持哥伦比亚大学”,设立奖项的主要目的不是支持大学,而是提高新闻标准;D 选项 “激励人们成为记者”,重点是激励记者追求卓越,而非激励人们成为记者,所以 B、C、D 选项错误。所以答案是 A。
    39. 主旨大意题:
    文章介绍了普利策奖的设立背景、涵盖领域、奖项设置以及其意义,如今普利策奖被认为是美国最杰出的奖项之一,B 选项 “普利策奖:美国一些最伟大的荣誉” 能全面概括文章内容,正确。
    A 选项 “普利策奖:约瑟夫・普利策的毕生抱负”,文章不仅仅围绕他的抱负展开;C 选项 “普利策奖:杰出记者的奖项”,普利策奖不仅针对记者,还涉及其他领域;D 选项 “普利策奖:哥伦比亚大学的年度活动”,这只是普利策奖颁奖的地点和形式,不能概括全文,所以 A、C、D 选项错误。所以答案是 B。
    【重点词块】
    utstanding achievement 杰出成就
    recipient 接受者
    news agency 新闻机构
    administer the award 管理奖项
    take a public stand against 公开反对
    write a will 立遗嘱
    raise the standards f 提高…… 的标准
    act as a stimulus 起到激励作用
    【复杂句式】
    1. The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music.”
    分析:句子主干是 “The Pulitzers are American awards”,“given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music” 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 “awards”,说明普利策奖是在美国国内为新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域杰出成就而设立的奖项。
    翻译:普利策奖是在美国国内颁发的美国奖项,旨在表彰新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域的杰出成就。
    2. “The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal.”
    分析:第一句是主从复合句,“The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize” 是主句,“which is always given t a news agency” 是非限制性定语从句,对 “the Public Service Prize” 进行补充说明。第二句是简单句,“Instead f cash” 是状语,表明不是获得现金。
    翻译:然而,第 22 个奖项是公共服务奖,该奖总是授予一家新闻机构。新闻机构获得的不是现金,而是普利策金牌。
    3. “If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian - American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence.”
    分析:这是一个虚拟条件句,“If it hadn’t been fr...” 是对过去情况的虚拟,意思是 “如果不是……”,表示一种假设的情况,主句 “the awards wuld never have cme int existence” 使用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构 “wuld + have + 过去分词”。
    翻译:如果不是因为一位名叫约瑟夫・普利策的匈牙利裔美国人,这些奖项就永远不会存在。
    4. “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.”
    分析:第一句是简单句,“t raise the standards f jurnalism” 是动词不定式作表语,说明普利策的愿望。第二句是主从复合句,“He hped” 是主句,“the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future” 是省略了引导词 “that” 的宾语从句,作 “hped” 的宾语,“t wrk fr excellence” 是动词不定式作目的状语,表明奖项对记者起到激励作用的目的。
    翻译:普利策的愿望是提高新闻行业的标准。他希望这个奖项能激励记者们追求卓越 —— 无论是当时还是未来。
    (2025年宝山一模)
    If yu lve beautiful scenery, then head fr the natinal parks and mnuments f Utah. Begin yur trip in Arches Natinal Park. Depicted (描绘) as a wnderland, Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches, the wrld's largest cncentratin. If yu'd like a challenge, try the Fiery Furnace hike. Yu must g with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrw rcks abve drp-ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh.
    Nt far frm Arches lies Canyn lands Natinal Park. The mst accessible area f the park is the Island in the Sky, a huge mesa (台地). Take the drive arund the edge t get an amazing view f the surrunding area. Frm Grand View Pint, yu can take an easy tw-mile hike that fllws the edge f the mesa. It crsses a narrw pint f land arriving at ne f the mst beautiful viewpints in the wrld.
    Farther t the nrth is Dinsaur Natinal Mnument. Yur first stp here shuld be the Quarry Exhibit Hall, where yu can see a natural stne wall cntaining abut 1,500 bnes frm dinsaurs that nce walked in this regin. After that, hike ne f the park's many trails. Alng sme f them, yu can see petrglyphs (岩画).These are designs and images that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple, wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D. If yu wish t camp, stay vernight in the Split Muntain campgrund. During the evening, attend ne f the night sky prgrams that are held after dark in the camping area. As yu gaze up at the heavens, an expert will pint ut and discuss fascinating bjects in the night sky.
    36. What des the article imply abut the Fiery Furnace hike?
    A. It leads t ne f Utah's highest summits.
    B. It requires very little effrt t cmplete.
    C. It's ften clsed t prtect animals.
    D. It has cmplicated bends and turns.
    37. What des the expert prbably discuss during the prgram in the camping area?
    A. All kinds f insect lifeB. Planets, mn and stars
    C. Native bushes and flwersD. Interesting species f birds
    38. In which publicatin wuld yu mst likely find this article?
    A. Ppular Crafts and HbbiesB. American Literary Magazine
    C. Tday's Guide t InvestingD. Outdr Recreatin Digest
    答案 36. D 37. B 38. D
    文章大意
    文章是一篇旅游指南,介绍了犹他州的几个国家公园和纪念碑。首先推荐了拱门国家公园(Arches Natinal Park),其中有 2000 多个天然石拱,还提到了具有挑战性的 Fiery Furnace 徒步路线。接着介绍了离拱门国家公园不远的峡谷地国家公园(Canynlands Natinal Park),重点讲了其中比较容易到达的天空之岛(Island in the Sky)以及在那里可以欣赏到的美景。最后介绍了更北边的恐龙国家纪念碑(Dinsaur Natinal Mnument),包括其中的采石场展览厅(Quarry Exhibit Hall)、徒步路线上的岩画以及露营活动和夜间观星项目。
    答案解析
    36 题 答案:D
    解析:文章对 Fiery Furnace 徒步路线的描述是 “a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh”,意思是这条路线像迷宫一样,有狭窄的岩石、落差以及需要攀爬通过的缝隙。这些描述表明路线有复杂的弯道和转折,所以答案是 D。A 选项文中没有提到这条路线通向犹他州最高的山峰;B 选项从对路线像迷宫一样的描述可以推断出它并不容易完成,需要一定的努力;C 选项文中没有提及为保护动物而关闭该路线的内容。
    37 题 答案:B
    解析:根据文章内容 “During the evening, attend ne f the night sky prgrams that are held after dark in the camping area. As yu gaze up at the heavens, an expert will pint ut and discuss fascinating bjects in the night sky.”,在露营地天黑后会有夜间观星项目,人们仰望天空时,专家会指出并讨论夜空中迷人的物体。所以可以推断专家讨论的应该是和天空有关的内容,选项中只有 B 选项 “行星、月亮和星星” 符合,A 选项昆虫、C 选项本土灌木和花卉、D 选项有趣的鸟类都与夜空中的物体无关。
    38 题 答案:D
    解析:文章主要内容是关于犹他州的国家公园和纪念碑,包括公园内的徒步路线、景点、露营等户外活动相关信息。A 选项《流行工艺与爱好》主要涉及手工制作和兴趣爱好方面的内容,与文章主题不符;B 选项《美国文学杂志》主要是文学作品相关内容;C 选项《今日投资指南》主要是关于投资的内容。只有 D 选项《户外休闲文摘》是关于户外休闲活动的刊物,所以答案是 D。
    重点词块
    natural stne arches:天然石拱
    cncentratin:集中;聚集
    labyrinth:迷宫
    drp - ffs:落差;陡坡
    accessible area:容易到达的区域
    mesa:台地
    viewpint:观点;视角;景点
    petrglyphs:岩画
    campgrund:露营地
    night sky prgrams:夜空观测项目
    复杂句式
    1. “Depicted (描绘) as a wnderland, Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches, the wrld's largest cncentratin.”
    分析:这是一个简单句,“Depicted (描绘) as a wnderland” 是过去分词短语作状语,用来描述 Arches Natinal Park 的状态,相当于 “As it is depicted as a wnderland”;句子的主干是 “Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches”,“the wrld's largest cncentratin” 是同位语,对 “mre than 2,000 natural stne arches” 进行补充说明。
    翻译:拱门国家公园被描绘成一个仙境,拥有 2000 多个天然石拱,是世界上石拱最集中的地方。
    2. “Yu must g with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh.”
    分析:这是一个主从复合句,“Yu must g with a park guide” 是主句;“as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫)” 是原因状语从句,说明需要和公园导游一起走的原因;“with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh” 是 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构,在句中作状语,对 “a labyrinth” 进行补充说明,其中 “t pull yurself up and thrugh” 是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰 “gaps”。
    翻译:你必须和一个公园导游一起走,因为这条徒步路线是一个迷宫,有落差上方狭窄的岩石,还有供你攀爬通过的缝隙。
    3. “These are designs and images that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple, wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D.”
    分析:这是一个主从复合句,“These are designs and images” 是主句;“that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 “designs and images”,说明这些设计和图像是由 Freemnt 人刻在石壁上的;“wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D.” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 “the Freemnt peple”,说明 Freemnt 人的居住时间。
    翻译:这些是设计和图像,它们是由公元 200 年到 1300 年左右居住在这个地区的弗里蒙特人刻在石壁上的。
    (2025年虹口一模)
    Take ur latest quiz!
    40. Which f the fllwing best explains what a “sequel” is?
    A. A stry r bk that is abut imaginary characters.
    B. A bk that cntinues the stry f a previus bk.
    C. A bk that cnveys. relatinships between multiple characters.
    D. A cllectin f stries written by fans f an riginal bk series.
    41. Which f the fllwing descriptin best fits the definitin f a “risk-taker”?
    A. Yu’re happy t pick up smething yu’ve never heard f.
    B. Yu hpe t find the new bk f yur favurite authr.
    C. Yu’re willing t wander in the wrld f the classics.
    D. Yu nly read thse n tp f the list f best sellers.
    42. What can thse wh take this quiz learn frm the results?
    A. Why they prefer reading t ther activities.B. Which authr is prbably their favurite.
    C. Wh they shuld turn t fr reading tips.D. What their bk-chsing style is.
    【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
    【解析】
    【导语】本文是应用文。这是一篇问卷调查以及根据回答给出了四种不同的阅读者类型。
    【40题详解】
    词句猜测题。根据①小问“Yu’ve just finished a bk — d yu knw what yu’ll read next?(你刚读完一本书,你知道接下来要读什么吗?)”以及后文“I want t spend mre time in that wrld.(我想花更多的时间在那个世界)”可知,读完后还想继续花更多的时间在那个世界,所以应是读那本书的续集,也就是继续前一本书的故事的书。故选B项。
    【41题详解】
    推理判断题。根据“Mstly Cs: yu’re a RISK-TAKER”可知,作为RISK-TAKER类的阅读者,答案大部分是C,第一题的C项“N, but I lve finding unexpected bks.(没有,但我喜欢发现意想不到的书)”,第二题的C项“N. I just let the bks d the talking!(没有。我只是让书来说话)”,第三题的C项“Discvering new vices and stries.(发现新的声音和故事)”,第四题的C项“N, I like t read bks by different authrs.(不,我喜欢读不同作者的书)”以及第五题的C项“I like t walk arund the whle shp t see what catches my eye.(我喜欢绕着整个商店走一圈,看看有什么吸引我的眼球)”可知,RISK-TAKER喜欢发现意想不到的书,发现新的声音和故事,喜欢读不同作者的书,由此推断RISK-TAKER是很乐意学习一些你从未听说过的东西。故选A项。
    【42题详解】
    推理判断题。文章最后给出了四种不同的阅读者类型及其描述,这个测试的目的就是帮助读者了解自己的选书风格。通过回答测试中的问题,读者可以了解自己的阅读偏好和习惯,从而更好地选择适合自己的书籍。故选D项。
    ① Yu’ve just finished a bk— d yu knw what yu’ll read next?
    a)Yes! Perhaps a sequel, I want t spend mre time in that wrld.
    b)A bk that everyne’s talking abut.
    c)N, but I lve finding unexpected bks.
    d)N. I like asking fr my friends’ recmmendatins.
    ② D yu value ther peple’s pinins when deciding what t read?
    a)I dn’t like listening t thers—I knw what I like
    b)I lve t knw what celebrities are reading!
    c)N. I just let the bks d the talking!
    d)Yes! Friends knw which bks I’ll enjy.
    ③ What d yu mst lk frward t in a new bk?
    a)T see what my favurite characters are ding in new situatins.
    b)Talking abut it with my friends.
    c)Discvering new vices and stries.
    d)Reading bks as gd as ther nes I’ve lved.
    ④ D yu like reading lts f bks by the same authr?
    a)Yes, nce I find an authr I like, I’ll read everything they write!
    b)If they’re a ppular authr, then yes!
    c)N, I like t read bks by different authrs.
    d)I tend t read bks by authrs my friends suggest.
    ⑤ When yu g t a bkshp, where d yu head first?
    a)T see if there’s a new bk in my favurite series.
    b)I head t the new releases and bestsellers.
    c)I like t walk arund the whle shp t see what catches my eye.
    d)T lk at the bkseller’s recmmendatins.
    Mstly As: yu’ re a
    SERIES-HOPPER
    There’s n better feeling than reading smething yu lve... and then discvering it’s part f a series! Yu’ re always guaranteed t have smething new t lk frward t, and a familiar wrld t revisit again.
    Mstly Bs: yu’re a
    TREND-TRACKER
    Yu like t read the bks that everyne is talking abut. Yur lcal bestseller will knw better than anyne which bks and authrs are truly up-and-cming, s ask them fr their tp tips.
    Mstly Cs: yu’re a
    RISK-TAKER
    ________
    Mstly Ds: yu’re a
    ADVICE-SEEKER
    Yu feel reassured when smene yu trust recmmends a bk t yu. If yu want t expand yur reading experiences, try getting thse recmmendatin frm lts f different places.

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