寒假预习-第04讲 Unit4重点单词+词组+重点句型讲 练(选择性必修三)2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份寒假预习-第04讲 Unit4重点单词+词组+重点句型讲 练(选择性必修三)2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)，文件包含②寒假预习-第04讲Unit4重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练选择性必修三教师版2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练人教版docx、②寒假预习-第04讲Unit4重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练选择性必修三学生版2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、精讲X3 U4 重点单词+词组
1、adversity n. 困境；逆境
adverse adj.不利的，有害的；反面的
vercme adversity 克服逆境
in the face f adversity 面对逆境
He vercame many persnal adversities.多次身处逆境,他都挺了过来。
As fire tries gld, s des adversity try virtue. 烈火炼真金，逆境见美德。

2. wage n.工资
waged adj.有报酬的
minimum wage 最低工资
a weekly wage f ... 周薪
wage cuts 减薪
a wage increase/rise f ... 的加薪
earn a living wage 谋生,挣工资
3. bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
bitterly adv.痛苦地;严寒地
bitter cld 严寒
a bitter wind 刺骨寒风
a lng and bitter dispute一场漫长而激烈的争论
cme ut with a bitter smile苦笑着出来

4. expeditin n. 探险；远征；探险队
expeditinary adj.远征的
a plar expeditin 南极探险

5. endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力
endure vt.忍受
physical endurance 身体耐力
endure v. 忍耐，容忍
pwers f endurance 耐力
an endurance test一次耐力测试
beynd endurance 忍无可忍
can't endure ding/t d sth.不能容忍做某事

6. vigur n.精力；力量；活力
vigr n. 活力（美式拼写）
full f vigur 充满活力
vigrus adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;强壮的
a vigrus yung man 身强力壮的年轻人

qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识
qualificatin n.资格；资历
a qualified teacher 合格的教师
be qualified fr 具备·····的学历/资历/知识/技能
be qualified t d sth.具备资历做某
a qualified lawyer取得执业资格的律师
qualify v.使具备·资格
be highly/suitably/fully qualified高度/正好/完全符合资格
qualificatin n.资格;学历;资历
disqualificatin n.取消资格;剥夺资格

8. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
enthusiasm n. 热情
shw enthusiasm 展现热情
be/becme enthusiastic abut ding sth.对做某事感兴趣,对做某事热心
an enthusiastic supprter热心的支持者
an enthusiastic welcme 热烈欢迎
enthusiastically adv.热情地
enthusiasm n.热情,热忱
with(great)enthusiasm (非常)热情地
full f enthusiasm充满热情

9. abard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
abard adj. 在船(或飞机、车)上的
g abard 上船
区分:abrad adv.在国外,到国外
g abard 上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车
be abard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上
Welcme abard!欢迎乘坐!
All abard!请大家上船/火车/公共汽车!
形近词:abrad adv.在国外;到国外
g abrad 出国 at hme and abrad 国内外

10. cupbard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
Cupbards n. 橱柜（复数）
kitchen cupbard 厨房橱柜

11. assign vt. 分派；布置；分配
assignment n.分配；任务
assign a task 分配任务
assign sth.t sb./assign sb.sth. 给某人分派某任务
assign sb. t/as sth. 指派某人做某工作/担任某职务
three written assignments三项书面作业
n assignment受委派
12. steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
stewardess [ˈstjuːərdəs] n. 女乘务员
airline steward 航空公司乘务员

13. envy n.&vt. 羡慕；妒忌
envius adj. 羡慕的
feel envius 感到羡慕
the envy f sb.某人羡慕/妒忌的对象
ut f envy 出于嫉妒
with envy 羡慕地,妒忌地
envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事
envy sb.fr sth.因某事而羡慕某人
14. crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群
crushed adj. 被压碎的
a crush f peple 拥挤的人群
be crushed t death 压死
get crushed 被压坏/压碎

15. sink vi.(sank sunk,sunk)沉没；下沉；下降
sink in 被理解沉;使沉没n.洗碗槽
sink t the bttm f沉到······的底部
the sinking sun 落日
拓：sink一词多义:倒下;颓然坐下;陷入
sink int a chair 颓然倒在椅子上
sink dwn沉落
sink int pverty 陷入贫困中
a sinking feeling不祥的感觉;沮丧之情
be sunk in thught陷人沉思

16. abandn vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
abandned adj. 被遗弃的
abandn ship 弃船
abandn ding sth.放弃做某事
abandn neself t沉湎于(某种情感)
拓：an abandned farm废弃的农场
abandned adj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的
an abandned car被抛弃的小汽车
an abandned child 被遗弃的孩子
abandn hpe 放弃希望

17. blanket n. 毯子
blankets n. 毯子（复数）
a warm blanket 一条温暖的毯子

18. belngings n. [pl.]财物；动产
belng vi 适应;应在(某处)
persnal belngings个人物品
拓：常用复数形式的名词:
earnings薪水 belngings 财物 findings 调研结果
savings 储蓄金 gds货物 wds树林 tears 泪水
ruins 废墟 cngratulatins 祝贺 surrundings环境
instructins 指示;说明 persnal belngings 个人财物

19. miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
miserably adv.痛苦地;非常难受地;悲惨地
lk miserable一副闷阿不乐的样子
miserable cnditins恶劣的条件
wander arund miserably可怜兮兮地四处游荡
a miserably cld day令人难受的寒冷天气
feel miserable 感到痛苦

20. vyage n.& vi. 航海；航行
vyages n. 航海（复数）
an arund-the-wrld vyage环球航行
n the vyage ut/hme出航途中/归航途中
a vyage in space 航天
g n/make/take a vyage去航海(强调动作)
be n a vyage在航海(强调状态)
make/take a vyage t..航海到···...
make/take a vyage t Africa 航海去非洲
辨：各种“旅行”:
海上航行用vyage
长途陆路用jurney;
短途短期用trip;
旅游观光用tur
travel用法最普遍,特别指“游记”。

21. navy n. 海军；海军部队
naval adj. 海军的
naval frce 海军力量

22. decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
decency n. 适当；体面
decently adv.正派地;得体地
a decent jb 一份体面的工作

23. csy adj. 温馨的；舒适的
a csy little rm温暖舒适的小房间
a csy feeling惬意的感觉
warm and csy暖和又舒适
a csy rm 一个温馨的房间

24. selfish adj. 自私的
selfless adj . 无私的
selflessly adv无私地；忘我地
selfish behaviur 自私的行为
It is selfish f sb . t d sth .某人做某事是自私的。
wrk selflessly 忘我工作
act selfishly 自私行事

25. gd /bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的
Temper n. 脾气
a gd-tempered child 脾气好的孩子

26. genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
genuinely adv. 真正地
genius n .天才
fake adj. 假的
27、genuine diamnd / gld 真钻石/真金
genuine lve 真诚的爱
genuine signature 亲笔签名

28. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求
Perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
full f energy and perseverance充满活力和毅力
persevere in an attempt t d sth .坚持尝试做某事

29. reslve vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)
reslutin n. 决心；坚定的信念,决议；解决；坚定
reslve a cnflict 解决冲突
reslve a prblem 解决问题
reslve t d sth . 决心/决定（做）某事
reslve that ... 决心/决定（做）某事
reslve n ding sth . 决心/决定（做）某事
make a reslutin t d sth . 决定做某事
make a reslutin 做出决心


31. crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
crews [kruːz] n. 工作人员（复数）
the crew f a ship 船员

32. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
cruelly adv. 残酷地
a cruel act 一个残酷的行为

33. thrugh adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
thrughly adv. 彻底地
a thrugh investigatin 彻底调查

34. furniture n. 家具
furnish vt. 供应家具
ffice furniture 办公家具

35. unfrtunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
unfrtunate adj. 不幸的

36. frtunately adv. 幸运地
frtunate adj. 幸运的

37. damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
damper n. 减震器
damp weather 潮湿的天气

38. recreatin n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
recreatinal adj. 娱乐的
utdr recreatin 户外运动

39. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航
Guide vt. 指导
career guidance 职业指导

nephew n. 侄子；外甥
niece n. 侄女；外甥女
my nephew 我的侄子

41. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业
advertise vt.&vi. 公布；宣传；做广告
advertising campaign 广告活动

42. crprate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的
crpratin n. 公司
a crprate event 公司活动

43. rugh adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
rughly adv. 大致上
a rugh sea 汹涌的海

44. navigatr n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
navigatin n. 航行
a skilled navigatr 熟练的领航员

45. lyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的
lyalty n. 忠诚
lyal custmers 忠诚的顾客

46. mtr n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的
mtrized adj. 机动的
a mtr vehicle 机动车

47. candidate n. 候选人；应试者
candidacy n. 候选人资格
a presidential candidate 总统候选人

48. episde n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
episdes n. 插曲（复数）
a memrable episde 难忘的经历

49. cmmitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
cmmit vt. 承诺
a sense f cmmitment 承诺感

50. mtive n. 动机；原因；目的
mtivated adj. 有动机的
mtive fr actin 行动的动机
51.turn sb.dwn 拒绝(某人)
turn dwn 调低 turn up 出现;到达;调高
turn ut结果是,证明是 turn t求助于;翻到
turn arund 转身 turn n接通(电流、水等);打开
turn ff关掉 turn ver 翻身;翻转;移交
turn in 上交;退还
52.be/get/becme stuck in被困在···
be/get stuck in a traffic jam 遇到交通堵塞
be/get trapped in (=be/get stuck in)被困在·····.
be/get caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)
常用的“get+过去分词”结构:
get hurt 受伤害 get cured 被治愈
get invited 被邀请 get brken 坏了
get punished 受到惩罚
53.keep ne's spirits up保持某人高昂的情绪
a team spirit 团队精神 a spirit f adventure 冒险精神
in lw/high spirits情绪低落/高涨 raise/lift ne's spirits振奋某人的情绪
spirit表示“情绪”时,用复数形式
ne's spirits rise/lift/sink某人高兴起来/情绪低落
54.make it准时到达;获得成功;设法做成
make it t(尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上
make it t the airprt just in time及时到达机场
make up 编造;化妆;和好;组成
make up fr 补偿;弥补
make sense 讲得通;有意义
make ne's way(t)去,前往
make use f利用,使用
make the mst f充分利用(=make full use f)
55、 hld n等一等;坚持住;(电话用语)别挂断
hld n until help arrives坚持直到援助到来
hld n t 抓紧,不松开
hld n t my arm抓住我的手臂
hld back 阻止;抑制(眼泪等)
精讲X3 U4重点句型
1、turn sb. dwn：Hwever, when I applied t jin the expeditin, Shackletn turned me dwn because he thught I was t yung and wasn't qualified. 此句型中 “turn sb. dwn” 表示 “拒绝某人”，如：I'm afraid ur bss will turn me dwn. 另外，需注意 “turn dwn” 还有 “调小” 的意思，如 turn dwn the radi .
2、be qualified fr/t d sth.：The lady is ideally qualified fr the jb. 其中 “be qualified fr” 表示 “具备…… 资格的；适合担任…… 的”，“be qualified t d sth.” 表示 “有资格做某事”，是常用表达，如：He is qualified t teach English. 其动词形式为 qualify，名词形式为 qualificatin.
3、abandn sth. t sb.：They had t abandn their lands t the invading frces. “abandn” 意为 “舍弃；抛弃；放弃”，常用搭配有 “abandn neself t (ding) sth.” 表示 “纵情 / 沉溺于 (做) 某事”，“abandn ding sth.” 表示 “放弃做某事”，如：He abandned himself t playing cmputer games. 形容词形式为 abandned，意为 “废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的”.
4、hld n：Hld n nw, Perce. “hld n” 有 “稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话) 别挂断” 等意思，如：Hld n fr a minute, I've just gt t put n my make-up. 其相关短语有 “hld up” 表示 “支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫”；“hld n t” 表示 “抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持” 等
5、allw sb. t d sth. / allw ding sth.：We were nt allwed t take mst f ur persnal belngings. 此句中 “allw sb. t d sth.” 表示 “允许某人做某事”，而 “allw ding sth.” 则表示 “允许做某事”，如：My parents allw me t watch TV n weekends. / They dn't allw smking here.
6、manage t d sth.：We have managed t survive. “manage t d sth.” 表示 “努力做某事（成功）”，强调经过努力最终达到目的，如：He managed t finish the wrk n time.
7、as lng as：As lng as we dn't lse heart, we will succeed. “as lng as” 引导条件状语从句，意为 “只要……”，如：Yu can g ut t play as lng as yu finish yur hmewrk.
8、what if：What if they were delayed? “what if” 用于提出假设或疑问，意为 “如果…… 将会怎么样”，如：What if it rains tmrrw?.
9、It happened that...：It happened that ne mrning I bught a newspaper and read the advertisement abut the Antarctic expeditin. 此句型表示 “碰巧……”，如：It happened that I met him n the street..
10、be enthusiastic abut：I am enthusiastic abut the idea. “be enthusiastic abut...” 表示 “对…… 热情”，如：She is enthusiastic abut dancing.
11、get alng/n with：I get alng well with my classmates. “get alng/n with...” 表示 “和…… 相处”，如：Hw d yu get alng with yur new partner?.
三、X3 U4精练试题
1、词汇精练：
1．_________ n．困境；逆境
2．_________adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．________ n．探险；远征；探险队
4．_______ adj.自私的
5．_________ adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
6．______vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群
7．______vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
8．_______ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
9．________ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
10．_________ adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
11．_________ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
12．________n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
13．__________ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
14．__________ n．家具
15．_______ adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
16．__________- n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
17．__________ adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
18．_______ adj.忠诚的；忠实的
19．_________ n．候选人；应试者
2、词汇拓展
1．_______ n．忍耐力；耐久力→________ vt.忍耐；忍受
2．________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
________ vt.取得资格；使合格
3．________- adj.热情的；热心的→_________ n．热情；热忱
4．_______ vt.分派；布置；分配→________ n．分配的任务
5．______-n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→_________ adj.妒忌的
6．________ n．[pl.]财物；动产→_________ vi.属于
7．_________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求
8．_______ vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念
_______n．决议；解决；坚定
9．________adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→__________- adv.彻底地
10．________- adv.不幸地；遗憾地→__________ adv.幸运地
11．__________n．申请；请求；应用→________- v．申请；应用→_________ n．申请人
12．_______ n．指导；引导；导航→_______- v．引导
13．________ n．广告活动；广告业→_________ vt. & vi.公布；宣传；做广告
14．_______ adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________ adv.粗略地
15．________ n．承诺；保证；奉献→_________-vt. & vi.(使)作出保证；投入
16．________ n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→_________ n．动机
3、单句语法填空
1. English (navigate) James Ck, wh sailed alng this cast in 1770, was the first Eurpean knwn t have sighted Fraser Island.
2. Native species disappeared at a rate f (rugh) tw per year, while mre than ne newcmer arrived.
3. He is lyal the Party and he will always remain s.
4. All the mre reasn fr (candidate) t be chsen n the basis f cmpetence, nt place f birth.
5. This means that the clseness and attractin they nce felt is gne, and they stay tgether nly ut f (cmmit).
6. A gd (mtr) must lead t gd effect, and a gd purpse must be realized by gd measures.
7. Whenever I encunter difficulties, her eyes will encurage me and help me cheer .
8. The plluted air (give) ff by cars will d great harm t ur health, and t many private cars will lead t traffic jams and a great deal f energy will be wasted.
9. The develpment and (apply) f new technlgies are key t the smth cnstructin f China’s smart airprts.
10. G this way abut ten minutes. When yu see a mtr car (advertise), turn left.
4、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Fr mst citizens, (wage)are the nly surce f incme.
2. Althugh 38 percent f the peple died f diseases during the (expedite) , Ck’s diet f prper fd kept the rest f them healthy.
3. Finally ne day, I did it, I (turn) dwn an unreasnable request.
4. I dn’t knw much abut it, s I dn’t feel (qualify) t cmment.
5. She is in Greece n an (assign) fr ne f the Sunday newspapers.
6. The digging had left a netwrk f (abandn) mines and tunnels.
7. He has never stpped trying and shwed great (persevere).
8. They made a (reslve) t lse all the weight gained during the Christmas hlidays.
9. I think the (apply) deadline was Nvember 1st.
10. Our (cmmit) will be f the highest rder.
5、语法
1. We (discuss) the prject fr tw hurs. Let’s take a break.
2. At present, the refrm (apprach) its final gal that is schl imprvement.
3. “I (dream) f a rural life fr decades, but my wrk hampers(阻碍) me, ” Cheng says.
4. Analysts fund that tw millin f us (abandn) DIY ver the past tw years.
5. The cmpany (prmise) a rise in salary fr ages, but nthing has happened yet.
6. S far, nly three cuntries (manage) t independently send humans int space: China, Russia and the U. S.
6、课文语法填空
(1)
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
Perce Blackbrw jined an expeditin with Sir Ernest Shackletn t Antarctica n the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackletn was ne f the mst famus _1______________(explre) f his day and it was cnsidered a great hnur t be part f his expeditins. Belw _2_________(be) sme f Blackbrw's diary entries.
31 Oct, 1914
... Well, it s happened that ne mrning I bught a newspaper and read the advertisement abut the Antarctic expeditin.
An expeditin _3_________ the Suth Ple with the great Sir Ernest Shackletn - this is the adventure that I _4______________(dream) f. And I was ready fr it. At the age f 19, I am fit and full f vigur. _5______________, when I applied t jin the expeditin, Shackletn turned me dwn because he thught I was t yung and wasn't _6______________(qualify). But I was s enthusiastic abut the idea f ging alng with them _7_____________ I secretly went abard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupbard. _8______________(unfrtunate), three days after we set ff I was discvered. Shackletn did nt want t turn back s he _9______________(ffer) me a jb, but nly after he prmised me, "If anyne has t be eaten, then yu will be the first!" He assigned me t be a steward, and I nw serve meals fr twenty-eight men, three times _10___________ day.
Hw everyne will envy me when I cme back and tell them abut the amazing places I have been _11________!
21 Nv, 1915
The jurney has nt been easy. Endurance became _12______________(stick) in the ice as we apprached Antarctica. The ice frze arund us and we were well and _13______________(true) stuck! We saw the ship get _14______________(crush) by the ice. And when the ship sank, ur hearts sank _15_______ it.
_16___________ we abandned the ship, Shackletn calmly called us tgether and tld us t rescue ur mst essential supplies - the small bats, ur fd, the ck stve, candles, clthes, and blankets. This was n time _17______________(panic). We were nt allwed t take mst f ur persnal _18______________(belnging), and Shackletn himself threw away all his gld. But t ur surprise, he allwed Hussey t keep his banj. Hussey ften plays it t keep ur _19______________(spirit) up.
We have nw camped n the ice and we have been managing t survive, but spring is cming, and the ice will sn begin t melt.
20 May, 1916
We _20______________(struggle) fr days, but things n Elephant Island are ging frm bad t wrse. We are nw crwded tgether under ne f ur bats n the _21______________(rck) shre f this miserable place. Sn after we arrived, Shackletn left us t find help n Suth Gergia Island, 1,320 kilmetres away - the vyage was t dangerus and difficult fr all f us t make _22_________ in ur small bats. If Shackletn fails, will we have any hpe f rescue? N. N navy in the wrld ever stps at Elephant Island, and n ne else knws that we are here.
I feel lw. It's cld and windy. The island has n plants. Smetimes we are able t catch a seal r a penguin t eat. Otherwise, there is n fd. I try t think f happier things: decent fd, warm and dry clthes, a csy bedrm, sunny days, and my mther's face ... _23____________, these happy memries are sn interrupted by _24_________ sudden cld rush f air. I shuted, "Shut the dr!"
"Hld n nw, Perce. Dn't yu g _25______________(turn) int anther Tm," came the reply. "We've caught anther penguin, s it's penguin sup tnight!"
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after ur leader, Ernest Shackletn. Hw culd I becme _26___________ selfish and bad-tempered as Thmas Orde-Lees!
Withut Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by nw. Their genuine cncern fr thers, their _27______________(persevere), and their reslve fill me with hpe. Perhaps there is a chance we will return hme, after all.
(2)
THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE
We watched as Shackletn and the bat sailed away frm Elephant Island. It was easy _1______________(imagine) the danger ahead f them. Wuld they ever return t find us? What might happen t them? What if they _2______________(delay)? We felt s alne and desperate. But it was nt fr lng. There was nthing like a gd dinner and sme music _3______________(cheer) us up.
Life _4______________(fall) int a regular pattern. Staying alive tk all ur time and energy. Fr example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had nne. We fund that we culd melt ice frm the cean and drink the water frm it. But hw culd we make fire? There were n trees _5______________(grw) n Antarctica and n il, s the nly fuel we culd use was animal fat. This gave _6___________ ily, black smke, but it stayed _7______________(burn) even in strng winds.
Fd was als a prblem, as we did nt find any vegetables r fruit n the island. One f ur grup members, Linel Greenstreet, nted in his diary abut hw bred he was _8____________ the meals: "The fd nw is pretty well all meat f sea creatures." If it weren't fr sea animals, we wuld all starve. As a chef, it was my duty t ck, s I tried t vary the meals in _9____________ way I culd. But it was difficult.
We had t be careful nt t g utside t ften, as the changing temperatures culd make us ill. It was almst _10__________ dangerus t becme t ht frm wearing t many clthes as t becme t cld frm wearing t few. The sweat culd freeze very quickly. Many f us als became ill frm the black smke f the animal fat we burnt _11___________ ur fires. It damaged ur eyes and burnt ur lungs.
The twenty-tw f us lived like this in the cld fr fur mnths. Our discipline and team spirit kept us ptimistic and helped us deal with ur fears _12__________ a psitive and successful way. We als celebrated ur birthdays, festivals, and even the times _13____________ we caught a sea animal. This was an episde in my life that I wuld never frget.
When we were finally rescued, we felt _14___________ relief and jy that many f us culd nt hide ur tears. We were at last free t g hme t warm beds, gd fd, and the care f ur family and friends. Our ptimism and faith _15___________ Shackletn had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his cmmitment t save us frm a slw _16___________ painful death.
X3 U4精练试题答案
一、1.adversity 2. bitter 3. expeditin4.selfish 5.abard 6. crush7. sink 8. abandn9. miserable10.decent 11. genuine12. crew 13.cruel 14.furniture 15damp 16.recreatin
17. crprate18. lyal19.candidate
二、1.endurance; endure 2.qualified;qualify 3.enthusiastic; enthusiasm 4. assign; assignment5. envy ; envius6. belngings;belng 7. perseverance;persevere 8.reslve;reslutin 9.thrugh ; thrughly 10.unfrtunately; frtunately 11. applicatin ; apply; applicant12.guidance;guide 13.advertising;advertise 14.rugh; rughly 15. cmmitment; cmmit 16. mtive;mtivatin
三、1. English navigatr(navigate) James Ck, wh sailed alng this cast in 1770, was the first Eurpean knwn t have sighted Fraser Island.
2. Native species disappeared at a rate f rughly (rugh) tw per year, while mre than ne newcmer arrived.
3. He is lyal t the Party and he will always remain s.
4. All the mre reasn fr candidates(candidate) t be chsen n the basis f cmpetence, nt place f birth.
5. This means that the clseness and attractin they nce felt is gne, and they stay tgether nly ut f cmmitment(cmmit).
6. A gd mtive (mtr) must lead t gd effect, and a gd purpse must be realized by gd measures.
7. Whenever I encunter difficulties, her eyes will encurage me and help me cheer up.
8. The plluted air given (give) ff by cars will d great harm t ur health, and t many private cars will lead t traffic jams and a great deal f energy will be wasted.
9. The develpment and applicatin (apply) f new technlgies are key t the smth cnstructin f China’s smart airprts.
10. G this way abut ten minutes. When yu see a mtr car advertisement (advertise), turn left.
四、1. Fr mst citizens, wages(wage)are the nly surce f incme.
2. Althugh 38 percent f the peple died f diseases during the expeditin (expedite) , Ck’s diet f prper fd kept the rest f them healthy.
3. Finally ne day, I did it, I turned(turn) dwn an unreasnable request.
4. I dn’t knw much abut it, s I dn’t feel qualified(qualify) t cmment.
5. She is in Greece n an assignment (assign) fr ne f the Sunday newspapers.
6. The digging had left a netwrk f abandned(abandn) mines and tunnels.
7. He has never stpped trying and shwed great perseverance (persevere).
8. They made a reslutin (reslve) t lse all the weight gained during the Christmas hlidays.
9. I think the applicatin(apply) deadline was Nvember 1st.
10. Our cmmitment(cmmit) will be f the highest rder.
五、1.We have been discussing(discuss) the prject fr tw hurs. Let’s take a break.
2. At present, the refrm has apprached(apprach) its final gal that is schl imprvement.
3. “I have been dreaming (dream) f a rural life fr decades, but my wrk hampers(阻碍) me, ” Cheng says.
4. Analysts fund that tw millin f us have abandned (abandn) DIY ver the past tw years.
5. The cmpany has been prmising (prmise) a rise in salary fr ages, but nthing has happened yet.
6. S far, nly three cuntries have managed (manage) t independently send humans int space: China, Russia and the U. S.
六、答案解析
1、 explrers：“ne f + 可数名词复数” 表示 “…… 之一”，此处指 “最著名的探险家之一”，所以用 explre 的名词复数形式 explrers。
2、are：此句是倒装句，主语是 “sme f Blackbrw's diary entries”，为复数概念，描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的 be 动词复数形式 are。
3、t：“an expeditin t...” 表示 “去…… 的探险”，此处指去南极的探险，用介词 t 表示方向。
4、had dreamed：此处表示 “这是我一直梦想的冒险”，梦想这个动作在 “read the advertisement” 之前就已经存在，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时 had dreamed。
5、Hwever：前文提到自己准备好了，后文说被拒绝了，前后是转折关系，所以用 Hwever 表转折。
6、qualified：“be qualified” 表示 “合格的，有资格的”，符合语境，此处用形容词作表语。
7、that：“” 是固定句型，引导结果状语从句，表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，符合此处语境。
8、Unfrtunately：此处修饰整个句子，要用副词形式，在句首作状语，所以用 Unfrtunately，意为 “不幸的是”。
9、ffered：文章整体是在叙述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，此处 ffer 的过去式为 ffered，符合时态要求。
10、a：“three times a day” 表示 “一天三次”，是固定表达。
11、t：“have been t” 表示 “去过（某地）”，强调有这样的经历，符合语境。
12、stuck：“becme stuck” 表示 “被困住”，stuck 是 stick 的过去分词形式，在这里作表语，符合 “get/becme + 过去分词” 的结构，表示进入某种状态。
13、truly：修饰形容词 stuck 要用副词形式，true 的副词是 truly，意为 “真正地”。
14、crushed：“get + 过去分词” 表示被动，此处指船被冰挤压，crush 的过去分词是 crushed。
15、with：“sink with...” 表示 “随着…… 下沉”，此处指心随着船下沉，用介词 with。
16、When：此处引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时候”，描述在放弃船的时候发生的事情，所以用 When。
17、t panic：“It's (n) time t d sth.” 表示 “（没）到做某事的时间”，此处用动词不定式形式，所以是 t panic。
18、belngings：“persnal belngings” 表示 “个人物品”，belnging 常用复数形式表示所属物品。
19、spirits：“keep ne's spirits up” 表示 “使某人振作起来”，spirit 常用复数形式表示情绪、心情等。
20、have been struggling：根据 “fr days” 以及文章的语境，此处强调从过去一直持续到现在的动作，用现在完成进行时，其结构为 “have/has been + 现在分词”，主语是 We，所以用 have been struggling。
21、rcky：修饰名词 shre 要用形容词形式，rck 的形容词是 rcky，意为 “多岩石的”。
22、it：“make it” 表示 “成功做成某事”，此处指完成去南乔治亚岛的航行，用 it 指代这次航行。
23、Hwever：前文说想美好的事情，后文说美好的回忆被打断，前后是转折关系，所以用 Hwever 表转折。
24、a：“a sudden cld rush f air” 表示 “一股突然的冷空气”，此处用不定冠词 a 表示泛指。
25、turning：“g + 现在分词” 表示 “变得……”，此处指变得自私等，所以用 turning。
26、as：“as + 形容词原级 + as...” 表示 “和…… 一样……”，此处符合该结构要求，用 as。
27、perseverance：形容词性物主代词 their 后要接名词，persevere 的名词形式是 perseverance，意为 “毅力”。
第二篇 “THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE” 答案解析
1、 t imagine：“It's + 形容词 + t d sth.” 是固定句型，此处 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，所以用 t imagine。 2、were delayed：此处表示 “如果他们被耽搁了怎么办”，if 引导的条件状语从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，且 they 和 delay 是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态 were delayed。
3、t cheer：此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示用晚餐和音乐来让我们振作起来，所以用 t cheer。
4、fell：文章整体叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时，fall 的过去式是 fell，符合语境。
5、grwing：“There be + 名词 + 现在分词” 是一种结构，表示 “有…… 正在……”，此处指南极洲没有正在生长的树，用 grwing 作后置定语修饰 trees。
6、ff：“give ff” 表示 “发出（光、热、气味等）”，此处指发出油腻的黑烟，符合语境。
7、burning：“stay + 现在分词” 表示保持某种状态，此处指保持燃烧的状态，所以用 burning。
8、with：“be bred with...” 表示 “对…… 感到厌烦”，是固定搭配，所以用 with。
9、the：“in the way” 表示 “以…… 方式”，此处特指自己能想到的方式，所以用定冠词 the。
10、as：“as + 形容词原级 + as...” 表示 “和…… 一样……”，此处符合该结构要求，指穿太多衣服变得太热和穿太少衣服变得太冷一样危险，所以用 as。
11、fr：“fr” 表示用途，此处指用于我们的火（取暖、做饭等）的动物脂肪，所以用 fr。
12、in：“in ” 表示 “以…… 方式”，此处指以积极且成功的方式应对恐惧，所以用 in。
13、when：此处引导定语从句，先行词是 “the times”，在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词 when。
14、such：“” 表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，此处修饰名词 “relief and jy”，所以用 such。
15、in：“faith in...” 表示 “对…… 的信任”，是固定搭配，所以用 in。
16、and：此处连接两个并列的形容词 slw 和 painful，共同修饰 death，所以用 and。