寒假提升-第01讲 阅读理解提升讲解2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

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阅读理解能力是语言学习和知识获取中极为关键的部分。无论是学习语文、英语还是其他语言类科目，良好的阅读理解能力都能帮助我们理解各种文本，包括文学作品、学术论文、新闻报道等。在考试中，阅读理解也占据了很大的分值比重。例如在语文高考中，现代文阅读和文言文阅读部分加起来往往有很高的分数，这直接影响着考生的总成绩。而且，在日常生活和工作中，能够快速准确地理解阅读材料也是高效沟通和学习新知识的必备技能。
二、阅读理解的基本步骤
（一）通读全文
拿到一篇阅读材料，首先要做的是快速通读全文。这一步的目的是对文章的大致内容、主题和文体有一个初步的了解。在通读过程中，不需要过分纠结于一些细节，如不认识的单词或者复杂的句子结构。
例如，对于一篇记叙文，我们要关注故事的人物、时间、地点和事件的大致脉络；对于议论文，要找到中心论点和主要的论据。以鲁迅的《祝福》为例，初读时我们能了解到这是一个关于祥林嫂的故事，故事发生在鲁镇，而且充满了悲剧色彩。
（二）明确题目要求
在通读全文之后，仔细阅读题目。明确题目是要求我们概括文章内容、理解某个词句的含义、分析作者的情感态度，还是其他类型的问题。比如题目问 “文章中某个人物的性格特点是什么”，这就提示我们要在阅读过程中重点关注对这个人物的描写部分，包括语言、动作、心理等描写。
（三）带着问题精读
根据题目要求，有针对性地回到文章中进行精读。这时候要仔细分析相关的段落和句子，寻找问题的答案。对于重要的语句，可以做一些标记，方便后续作答。
例如，如果题目是关于文中某个修辞手法的作用，我们就要找到含有该修辞手法的句子，分析它是如何增强文章的表达效果的。像 “叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙”，这里运用了比喻的修辞手法，把叶子比作舞女的裙，生动形象地写出了叶子的形态之美。
（四）组织答案并作答
在找到问题的答案后，需要将答案组织成通顺、完整、符合逻辑的语言。答案要准确回答问题，
并且尽量简洁明了。
比如，回答人物性格特点的问题时，可以用 “他是一个…… 的人，从……（文中相关内容）
可以看出” 这样的句式来作答。
三、提升阅读理解能力的方法
（一）增加阅读量
1、广泛阅读各种类型的书籍、文章是提升阅读理解能力最有效的方法之一。阅读不同文体、不同主题、不同难度的材料，可以让我们熟悉各种语言表达方式和思维模式。
2、可以从简单的童话故事、科普短文开始，逐渐过渡到经典文学作品、学术著作等。例如，先阅读《小王子》，
感受其简洁而富有哲理的语言，再阅读《红楼梦》，体会古典文学中复杂的人物关系和深刻的社会意义。
（二）积累词汇和语法知识
丰富的词汇量和扎实的语法知识是理解文章的基础。当我们遇到生词时，要及时查阅词典，并且学习它的用法和搭配。对于语法知识，要理解句子的结构和成分，这样才能准确把握句子的意思。
比如，在英语阅读中，如果不理解 “虚拟语气” 的语法结构，就很容易误解句子的真实含义。像 “If I were yu, I wuld study harder.” 这个句子，是典型的虚拟语气，表示与事实不符的假设。
（三）学会分析文章结构
不同的文章有不同的结构，如总分总、总分、分总等。学会分析文章结构可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的逻辑关系和作者的写作思路。
以总分总结构的文章为例，开头部分通常会提出主题或中心观点，中间部分进行详细的阐述和论证，结尾部分总结全文并升华主题。例如，在一些议论文中，开头会明确论点，中间列举多个论据来支持论点，结尾再次强调论点并可能提出一些建议或者展望。
（四）培养阅读技巧
1、阅读技巧包括略读、扫读、精读等。略读可以帮助我们快速了解文章的大致内容，扫读用于寻找特定的信息，精读则是深入理解重要的部分。
2、在阅读新闻报道时，我们可以先略读标题和导语，快速获取新闻的主要事件，然后根据需要扫读文章中具体的细节内容。对于文中引用的专家观点等重要部分，可以进行精读。
四、高考英语不同文体阅读理解技巧全解析
在高考英语中，阅读理解占据着相当大的比重，而不同文体的文章有着不同的特点和解题技巧。
熟练掌握这些技巧，能够帮助考生更加高效地理解文章内容，提高答题准确率。
一、记叙文
（一）文体特点
记叙文通常以讲述故事的形式呈现，有明确的时间线、人物角色和事件发展过程。文章一般会围绕一个或多个主要人物展开，描述他们的经历、遭遇、情感变化等，主题往往蕴含在故事之中，需要读者通过对故事细节的把握来体会。
（二）解题技巧
1、抓住关键人物与事件：阅读时首先要明确文章中的主要人物是谁，发生了哪些主要事件。可以通过快速浏览文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句来大致了解故事梗概。例如，在一篇关于一位运动员成长历程的记叙文中，要迅速找出运动员的名字以及他在成长过程中面临的关键比赛、训练挫折或突破等事件。
2、理清时间顺序：由于记叙文是按照时间顺序展开的，所以关注时间词和短语非常重要。像 “first”“then”“after that”“later”“finally” 等词能帮助考生梳理事件发展的先后顺序，更好地理解文章逻辑。例如，“First, he started training at a lcal club. Then, he participated in a reginal cmpetitin and wn a prize. After that, he was scuted by a prfessinal team.” 通过这些时间词，考生能清晰地构建出运动员的成长轨迹。
3、体会人物情感与主题：记叙文的主题多与人物的成长、情感变化、人生哲理等相关。
人物的情感描写词汇，如 “happy”“sad”“excited”“frustrated” 等，通过人物情感的变化来推断文章的主题。例如，文章中描述主人公在经历重重困难后最终实现梦想时的喜悦，那么主题可能就是关于坚持与梦想实现的关系。
二、说明文
（一）文体特点
说明文旨在向读者解释、说明某个事物、现象、概念或过程。它具有客观性、准确性和逻辑性强的特点。文章结构通常较为清晰，一般会先提出说明对象，然后从不同方面进行详细阐述，如事物的特征、功能、成因、发展等，常使用定义、举例、分类、对比等说明方法。
（二）解题技巧
1、确定说明对象与主题句：文章开头往往会点明说明对象，而每一段的首句或尾句通常是该段的主题句。例如，一篇关于 “人工智能在医疗领域应用” 的说明文，开头会引出 “人工智能在医疗领域” 这个说明对象，而在阐述人工智能在疾病诊断方面的应用时，该段主题句可能是 “Artificial intelligence has made significant cntributins t medical diagnsis.” 通过确定主题句，能快速把握文章的主要内容和段落大意。
2、分析说明方法与逻辑关系：注意文中使用的说明方法，如举例说明（fr example, such as）可以帮助读者更好地理解抽象概念；对比说明（cmpared with, in cntrast）能突出事物的特点。同时，要理清文章各部分之间的逻辑关系，是总分总、总分还是分总结构。比如，在说明人工智能在医疗领域不同方面的应用时，可能是总分结构，先总述应用广泛，再分别从诊断、治疗、药物研发等方面具体说明。
3、关注细节信息与数据：说明文中经常会包含一些细节信息和数据来支撑观点。在阅读时要对这些细节和数据有一定敏感度，因为题目可能会针对这些内容进行提问。
例如，提到某种疾病通过人工智能诊断的准确率达到了 90%，考生就需要留意这个数据，以便在回答相关问题时能够准确提取信息。
三、议论文
（一）文体特点
议论文是作者对某个问题或事件发表自己的观点、看法，并通过论据进行论证的一种文体。它有明确的论点、论据和论证过程。论点通常在文章开头或结尾提出，论据可以是事实、例子、统计数据、名人名言等，论证过程则是通过一定的逻辑推理将论点和论据联系起来，常见的论证方法有举例论证、对比论证、因果论证等。
（二）解题技巧
1、找出论点与论据：阅读时首先要确定文章的论点，一般在文章的开头（如提出问题后直接表明观点）或结尾（总结全文得出结论）。
例如，在一篇关于 “是否应该在学校推广在线教育” 的议论文中，论点可能是 “Online educatin shuld be prmted in schls due t its flexibility and wide range f resurces.” 然后要找出支持论点的论据，如 “Many students can access high-quality curses frm tp teachers arund the wrld thrugh nline platfrms. Fr example, in a rural schl, students imprved their academic perfrmance significantly after taking nline math curses.” 这里的 “Many students can access...” 是一个事实论据，“Fr example...” 则是举例论据。
2、分析论证方法与逻辑：理解作者是如何运用论证方法来证明论点的。如果是举例论证，要关注例子与论 点之间的联系；如果是对比论证，要明确对比的双方以及对比的目的。
例如，在对比传统教育和在线教育时，作者可能通过对比两者的教学方式、学习时间灵活性、资源丰富程度等方面，来论证在线教育的优势，从而支持自己的论点。
3、判断作者态度与意图：议论文中作者会表达自己对所讨论问题的态度，如支持、反对或中立。通过对论点和论据的分析，可以判断作者的态度倾向。同时，要理解作者写这篇文章的意图，是为了说服读者接受某种观点，还是引发读者对某个问题的思考等。例如，作者大力论证在线教育的好处，意图可能就是呼吁学校重视并推广在线教育。
总之，在高考英语阅读理解中，针对不同文体采用合适的阅读技巧是提高答题效率和准确率的关键。考生在日常复习过程中，要多阅读不同文体的文章，进行专项训练，不断提升自己的阅读理解能力。
五、阅读理解提升讲解精练试题：
（24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期中）Drne (无人机) light shws are becming especially ppular in the West. By nw, if yu live n the U. S. East r West Casts, yu’ve prbably been trubled by wildfire smke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change wrsens. And firewrks, as yu can guess frm their name, cause fires — mre than yu might think.
That’s what caused a handful f Califrnia twns t quit firewrks and turn t drnes last year. Sydney, Australia, knwn fr its massive firewrks display, is cnsidering ding the same due t the risk f wildfires. And fire danger is nw tp f mind fr many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, r the American natinal day, nears.
In additin t reducing the risk f fires, drne light shws present a safer alternative fr the flks behind the curtain. Firewrks injured mre than 10,000 peple last year because they can accidentally erupt while n the grund. Drnes wn’t. And since light shws are required t keep the grund belw the shw clear, there’s n risk f a drne falling frm the sky int the crwd.
Drnes are als less disturbing, creating nly a light buzzing nise. Firewrks, n the ther hand, can burst yur eardrum if yu’re standing clse enugh. That’s a nuisance fr sme families with animals, small children, r ther peple wh are sensitive t nise.
But perhaps the biggest reasn fr the switch t drnes is that they’re thught t be greener. Besides starting fires, firewrk smke leaves behind a trail f harmful chemicals and is cnsidered a pllutant. Drnes are als a reusable ptin, capable f flying ptentially hundreds f shws befre they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit t the envirnment — and t the cmpanies paying t put n these perfrmances.
At the end f the day, thugh, sme cities are likely switching t drnes simply because they’re cler. That’s nt t say that firewrks aren’t cl. But drnes allw fr mre creativity, with the ability t synchrnize (同步) lights t music and recreate cmplex images in the sky.
Nevertheless, it’s still t early t rush t the cnclusin that drnes will cmpletely take the place f firewrks in the near future.
1．Why are firewrks given up in sme twns?
A．They are t expensive.B．They bring alng fire risks.
C．They speed up climate change.D．They are nt cl any mre.
2．Hw des the authr develp paragraph 3?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By analyzing causes and effects.
C．By giving a definitin.D．By referring t data frm previus studies.
3．What des the underlined wrd “nuisance” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Reward.B．Attractin.C．Instance.D．Annyance.
4．What will the authr prbably cntinue t talk abut?
A．The ptential challenges drnes will face.
B．The similarities shared by drnes and firewrks.
C．The imprtance f drnes in prmting ecnmy.
D．The strng cmpetitin frm cmpanies in different industries.
（23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期末）The new e-skin imprves tasks requiring accuracy and frce cntrl, vercming a big challenge in advancing technlgy. Unlike traditinal e-skins, this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches. “Much like human skin has t stretch and bend as we mve, s des e-skin,” explains Nanshu Lu, a prfessr in the Cckrell Schl.
The breakthrugh lies in an innvative hybrid respnse pressure sensr that Lu and her partners have develped ver years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an imprtant part f a rbt hand that can mirrr the sftness and sensitivity f a human hand. This new e-skin technlgy senses pressure frm cntact, letting the attached machine knw hw much frce t use t, fr example, hld a cup r tuch a persn. In demnstratins, the new e-skin allwed the rbt hand t adapt t varius sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely hlding bjects withut drpping them and even handling unexpected items like cins inside a glass r pressing n a ptat chip withut breaking it.
Lu and her team are currently explring ptential applicatins, including partnering t build a rbtic arm equipped with the e-skin technlgy. They have als applied fr a basic patent fr the e-skin, indicating its ptential fr business use. In a wrld where the aging ppulatin exceeds (超过) the number f caregivers, the need fr efficient and gentle care slutins is necessary. Lu believes rbts equipped with advanced technlgies like the stretchable e-skin culd play a vital rle in dealing with this glbal challenge.
Beynd medicine,human-caring rbts culd be used in disasters. They culd search fr injured and trapped peple in an earthquake r a cllapsed building. Frm healthcare t disaster respnse, the ptential is significant. With further develpment and cperatin with rbtics cmpanies, Lu hpes t see this e-skin technlgy make its way t the market, marking the beginning f a new era f human-rbt interactin and care.
5．What advantage des the new e-skin have ver traditinal e-skins?
A．It keeps accurate even when stretching.B．It enables rbts t mve at a fast speed.
C．It allws rbt hands t bend int all shapes.D．It helps rbt hands cntrl with less frce.
6．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The wide applicatins f the new e-skin.
B．The imprtant develpment f the new e-skin.
C．The majr challenge f the pressure sensr.
D．The strng functin f the pressure sensr.
7．What can rbts with the new e-skin d fr the glbal challenge f aging ppulatin?
A．Reduce healthcare csts.B．Limit glbal business use.
C．Replace human caregivers.D．Imprve medical care efficiency.
8．What is the authr’s attitude t the future f the new e-skin?
A．Dubtful.B．UnclearC．Psitive.D．Disapprving.
（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）Chinese hit vide game Black Myth: Wukng has taken the gaming wrld by strm, selling mre than 10 millin cpies acrss all platfrms in just three days after its release.
The game is inspired by the classic Chinese nvel Jurney t the West. In it, players take the rle f the Destined One, setting ff fr adventures t cllect six Relics that nce belnged t Sun Wukng and challenge the Celestial Curt.
Drawing n a rich heritage f nearly 1,000 years f Chinese culture, the game’s stryline and characters have prven difficult t understand fr many players frm western cuntries. Fr instance, a player shared n scial media that their lack f familiarity with Jurney t the West led t them cnsistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a bss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, sme players feel verwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult t prnunce fr thse unfamiliar with Chinese phnetics.
T bridge these cultural divides, ne enthusiast wrte a 200-page utline detailing Sun Wukng’s abilities acrss all 100 chapters f Jurney t the West. Many thers immersed themselves in the epic by checking ut frums, TV shws, anime, manga and nline encyclpedias.
Thrugh this prcess, western players have nt nly refined their gaming skills but als develped a deeper appreciatin fr Sun Wukng and Jurney t the West.
“Althugh many peple might cmpare Sun Wukng t Western superheres, I believe they are different,” said Patrick frm the US. “Sun Wukng has a carefree and independent nature, unlimited by the need t set a gd example fr thers like Spider-Man, wh by cntrast fllws principles like ‘with great pwer cmes great respnsibility’.”
Jurney t the West ffers a cmprehensive narrative that cvers a very dangerus jurney, numerus encunters and the explratin f varius cultures, making it a rich surce fr diverse strytelling types and cultural backgrunds.
Perhaps these are sme f the key reasns why Jurney t the West has been translated int ver a dzen languages, with mre than 60 versins available wrldwide.
9．What is the Destined One in Paragraph 2?
A．The nickname f Sun Wukng in the game.
B．The fictinal main character f this hit game.
C．One f the adventures t cllect the six Relics.
D．One f the six Relics belnging t the Celestial Curt.
10．What des the underlined wrd “bridge” in paragraph 4 mst likely mean?
A．Get rid f.B．Take cntrl f.C．Keep track fD．Take advantage f.
11．What can be learned abut the game frm the passage?
A．It has gradually gained ppularity amng players wrldwide.
B．Its riginal character Sun Wukng is similar t western superheres.
C．It has been translated int many languages with numerus versins available wrldwide.
D．It is rather challenging fr western players due t their unfamiliarity with Chinese culture.
12．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．A Chinese hit vide game and its riginal nvel Jurney t the West.
B．Reasns behind the success f Chinese vide game Black Myth: Wukng.
C．The cultural impact and western players’ receptin f a Chinese hit vide game.
D．Challenges and benefits Black Myth: Wukng brings t the spread f Chinese culture.
（24-25高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）Hw gd are we at predicting what peple will d? What magazine will they buy, what music will they dwnlad, r what shes will they chse fr a party? Prbably nt nearly as gd as we think. When it cmes t human behavir, the brain is shwn t have tw different ways f thinking. S it desn’t matter hw ld yu are r hw cnfident yu are feeling. It’s all abut what md the brain is in!
A cmmn thught prcess is the autmatic and fast way which helps us t react quickly in dangerus situatins. This is knwn as system 1 and dates back t the prehistric (史前的) times when peple lived with a natural awareness f the dangers arund them — bad weather, falling rcks and trees, and threatening animals. Nwadays we still have the ability t react s rapidly and naturally t situatins that it can feel like yu’re nt thinking at all. Have yu ever fund yurself giving in t temptatin (诱惑) and unable t say “n” t buying that new jacket in the windw? This is because system 1 is in cntrl — a human characteristic which the wrld f advertising likes t make the mst f!
System 2 is the ppsite. It’s a slw thught prcess that requires us t pay attentin and cncentrate. This way f thinking helps us t make sensible lng-term decisins like chsing which university t study at, r what type f car t buy. The prblem is that system 2 ften starts t feel bring and s system 1 takes ver. Hw ften have yu put dwn yur hmewrk r put ff ding imprtant jbs t g n Facebk r watch a TV sap?
We like t think that we g thrugh life mainly using system 2. Hwever, smetimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decisin but system 2 that gets it wrng. Fr example, sprts teams put a lt f effrt int a game plan, but ften it’s the uncnscius (无意识的) human wish t d smething differently that ften leads t an unexpected win. This can als lead t the cmmn mistaken idea that yur successful decisins shw yur skill and talent, when in fact they are just luck.
Perhaps ne day scientists will be able t predict what decisins peple will make by measuring brain activity. In ne study, vlunteers were mnitred with brain-scanning equipment. They were asked t press either a left r a right buttn whenever they wanted. The researchers fund they culd predict which buttn the vlunteers wuld press up t seven secnds befre it happened — yur brain seems t knw what it will d befre yu d! Sme scientists say ur brains are just machines and we are nt really in cntrl f what’s ging n. Let’s hpe they’re wrng! It’s ne thing t be able t tell which f tw buttns a persn will press, but I dn’t like the idea that science culd ne day tell me what decisins I will make in my life befre I’ve even had the chance t make them!
13．In which case is system 1 mre likely t be in cntrl?
A．When yu chse a university.
B．When yu plan a birthday party.
C．When yu prepare fr a perfrmance.
D．When yu buy a jacket in the windw.
14．Why is the example f sprts teams mentined in Paragraph 4?
A．T shw system 1 smetimes makes the right decisin.
B．T shw system 2 usually makes the wrng decisin.
C．T shw we g thrugh life mainly using system 2.
D．T shw peple are mre willing t use system 1.
15．Hw des the authr feel abut the idea that scientists can predict peple’s decisins?
A．Disappinted.B．Unhappy.
C．Shcked.D．Frtunate.
16．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Tw Systems f ThughtB．Early Brain Develpment
C．Imprtance f PlanningD．Tw Ways f Dealing with Danger
（24-25高二上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Whether yu’re an experienced dg handler r a little careful abut dgs, it can be difficult t read a dg’s cmplex language. Hw d yu knw if the dg wants t greet yu r tell yu t back ff? 17
A cntent and relaxed dg will have its ears up (nt frward) and head high. 18 Yur relaxed dg’s muth pens slightly with tngue expsed. If yu are still unsure f whether t apprach, g slwly and make n sudden mves. Dn’t make t much eye cntact and slwly extend the back f yur hand fr the dg t sniff (嗅) first befre patting.
After this welcme interactin, dgs may raise their tails and lwer frnt paws (爪子). 19 This psitin will be held briefly befre they rush ff in randm directins t get yu t chase and t play with them. They stick ut their tngues. Their ears will be up. This is yur chance t have a run with yur partner.
20 They shw mre teeth, bark mre ludly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready t attack when annyed. Be careful f these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their surce f “threat”.
A dg that is under scial r envirnmental stress will pace abut with the tail dwn, the bdy lwered and ears back. Its breath will als be rapid with eyes expanded. 21 In this case, try t wrk ut the surce f its stress. If yu can’t change that right away, a calming massage (按摩) will help.
A．Althugh a happy dg will have its tail high, a relaxed dg’s tail will be hanging.
B．The fllwing is a handy dg bdy language guide.
C．And it may leave sweat marks frm its feet.
D．The mds can be judged frm their tails.
E．This means it is playtime!
F．Keep yur vice lw and calm.
G．Smetimes dgs behave in an angry and vilent way.
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