专题03非谓语动词（主宾表）复习（知识讲解+题型练习）-高二英语寒假衔接【外研版】

这是一份专题03非谓语动词（主宾表）复习（知识讲解+题型练习）-高二英语寒假衔接【外研版】，文件包含专题03非谓语动词主宾表复习知识讲解+题型练习原卷版docx、专题03非谓语动词主宾表复习知识讲解+题型练习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。

1. 动名词作主语
2. 动名词和不定式作宾语
3. 动名词，不定式和分词作表语
考点一 动名词作主语
一、动名词作主语的用法
1．动名词作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading alud is a gd way t learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Climbing muntains is really difficult fr the ld.
爬山对于老年人来说真的很困难。
2．形式主语it代替动名词作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It is a waste f time ding... 做……是浪费时间的
It is n gd/use ding... 做……是没有用的
It is useless ding... 做……没有用
It is n fun ding... 做……没有乐趣
It is n gd/use regretting fr the past.
悔恨过去是没有用的。
It is a waste f time arguing with him abut the matter.
同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。
3．在There is n...结构中，通常用动名词形式，意为“不可能、没有”，相当于It is impssible t d...。
There is n jking abut such a matter.
这种事开不得玩笑。
二、动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别
(1) 动名词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次的行为；动词不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
(2)动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
Playing with fire is dangerus.
玩火是危险的。(泛指玩火)
T play with fire will be dangerus.= It will be dangerus t play with fire.
玩火将很危险。(指某一具体动作)
【考点再现】
(1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers __________(carry) special significance.
(2)(2019·天津卷) __________(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
(3)(全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw _____ (be) ften acceptable.
(4)There is n __________ (assess) hw many fficers are participating in the slw dwn.
考点二 动名词和不定式作宾语
一、动名词作宾语
只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语有suggest、finish、practice、avid、miss、enjy、imagine、admit、cnsider (考虑)、escape、risk、mind、stand (忍受)、ppse、put ff、pstpne、give up、quit、keep n、feel like、be used t (习惯于)、lk frward t、get dwn t、lead t、bject t、stick t、pay attentin t、insist n、be busy in、can't help、be addicted t、be cmmitted t、set abut等。
Yung peple may risk ging deaf if they are expsed t very lud music every day.
如果年轻人每天听很吵的音乐，那么就会有失聪的危险。
在下列句型中可用动名词作宾语：
be awarded fr ding... 因做……而被授予……
be wrth ding... 值得做……
What/Hw abut 做……怎么样？
have difficulty/truble/prblems (in) ding... 做……有困难
have fun (in) ding... 做……很快乐
spend/waste time/mney (in) ding... 花费/浪费时间/金钱做……
【考点再现】
(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90-­year-­ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year” fr _________(be) Britain's ldest full­-time emplyee—still wrking 40 hurs a week.
(2)Wuld yu mind my _________(pen) the windw?
二、动词不定式作宾语
1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词有affrd、agree、chse、decide、determine、expect、aim、lng、tend、learn、ask、prepare、hpe、manage、fail、refuse、want、wish、ffer、prmise、struggle、pretend、happen (碰巧)、 be likely t d、set ut等。
Having spent nearly all ur mney, we culdn't affrd t stay at a htel.
由于我们几乎花光了所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。
If yu happen t get lst in the wild, yu'd better stay where yu are and wait fr help.
如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地等待帮助。
2．能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有shw、understand、tell、explain、teach、learn、knw、ask、decide、wnder等。
He didn't knw hw t deal with the accident.
他不知道怎样处理这场事故。
【考点再现】
完成句子
(1)妈妈告诉我怎样准备。
My mm tld me ___________________ it.
(2)我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。
I ______________________ n my way hme.
(3)她许诺当她长大后给妈妈买个大房子。
She ___________________ her mther a big huse as she grws up.
三、既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词用法
1．(1) 有些动词如hate、like、lve、prefer后接动名词作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动，则多用不定式作宾语。
They prefer staying indrs when it is cld.
天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。
Wuld yu prefer t stay at hme r g t the mvies with us this evening?
今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢？
begin、start、cntinue等词后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。
Tm began t learn/learning hw t use a cmputer.
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
2．有些动词既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词作宾语，而且意义差别很大。
(1)try t d... 尽力做……
try ding... 试着去做……
(2)mean t d... 打算做……
mean ding... 意味着做……
(3)regret t d... 遗憾要去做……
regret ding... 后悔做过……
(4)remember t d... 记得去做……
remember ding... 记得做过……
(5)frget t d... 忘记去做……
frget ding... 忘记做了……
The teacher regretted t tell Tm he didn't pass the exam, and Tm regretted nt studying hard.
老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
When they saw the teacher, they stpped talking.
当他们看见老师时，他们停止说话。
She fund me in truble and she stpped t help me.
她发现我有麻烦，于是停下来帮我。
3．动词allw、advise、frbid、permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语；如果动词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语，即“allw/advise/frbid/permit sb. t d sth.”。
My parents dn't allw smking in ur huse.
我父母不允许在家里抽烟。
My parents dn't allw me t smke in ur huse.
我父母不允许我在家里抽烟。
4．need、require、want表示“需要”时，后面接动名词,表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式(t be dne)。有类似用法的还有deserve (值得、应该)。
The cnditin f this car is s serius. It really needs repairing/t be repaired befre driving n the rad again.
这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。
【考点再现】
(1)(2020·天津卷7月) Making a full­-length clay(黏土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend ___________ (d)!
(2)(2019·北京卷)Success means ___________ (get) persnal desires satisfied.
(3)His T-­shirt requires _______________________(wash)．
(4)(2020·天津卷7月)He cnvinced the plice department t allw him ___________(set) up a cuple f “chat benches” in tw f their lcal parks.
考点一 不定式，动名词和分词作表语
一、动词不定式作表语
1．不定式作表语时表示预测将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。
Yu must speak ut, if we are t remain friends.
如果我们还想继续做朋友的话,你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。
2．当主语是aim、 purpse、 idea、 plan、 wish、 decisin、 chice等词时，常用不定式作表语。
His wish is t be a dctr in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
3．主语为what引导的名词性从句,表示将来特定的某一次动作时，常用不定式作表语。
What she wuld suggest is t put ff the meeting.
她建议把会议推迟。
温馨提示：
不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词d的形式，作表语的不定式常省略t。
What I want t d mst in senir high is (t) imprve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
【考点再现】
完成句子
我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。
I've had many dreams since I was a child. Nw my dream is _____________．
教育的目的是培养儿童完美的品格。
The purpse f educatin is ______________________________ in children.
(3)他想做的是在玛丽面临困难时帮助她。
What he wants t d ________________________ when she is in face f difficulty.
二、动名词作表语
动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象性的、经常发生的动作。动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。
His jb is painting walls.
他的工作是粉刷墙壁。(这是他日常的工作)
温馨提示:
作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，即主语与表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing. ＝T see is t believe. 眼见为实。
三、分词作表语
1．现在分词作表语
现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有mving、 interesting、 encuraging、 exciting、 inspiring、 bring、 surprising、 puzzling、 amusing、 astnishing。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very cnvincing. 这个论点很令人信服。
His perfrmance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure.
他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多的乐趣。
2．过去分词作表语
(1)过去分词可放在连系动词be、 get、 feel、 remain、 seem、 lk、 becme等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
Tm was astnished t see a snake mving acrss the flr.
汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。
Finally the baby felt tired f playing with thse tys.
最后婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。
过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The library is nw clsed. (状态)
图书馆现在关闭了。
The cup was brken by my little sister yesterday. (动作)
昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。
(3)感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物，常译作“令人……的”。
We were amazed at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很惊讶。
His wrds were discuraging, which made many peple discuraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
温馨提示;
exciting 令人激动的 excited 激动的、兴奋的
astnishing 令人惊讶的 astnished 惊讶的
disappinting 令人失望的 disappinted 感动失望的
frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感动害怕的
mving 令人感动的 mved 受感动的
puzzling 令人困惑的 puzzled 感到困惑的
一、单项选择
1．I regret________ yu that yu have failed the test and suggest yu ________ better preparatins next time.
A．infrming; makingB．t infrm; t make
C．t infrm; makingD．infrming; t make
2．It’s n use ________ abut the result. What yu shuld d is t take actin.
A．cmplainB．cmplainingC．t cmplainD．Cmplained
3．____ such a cmplex prblem requires nt nly prfessinal knwledge but als a great deal f patience.
A．SlveB．SlvedC．T slveD．Slving
4．______ t a freign culture is beneficial fr us t cmprehend the lcal culture.
A．ExpsedB．Being expsedC．ExpsingD．T expse
5．In additin t ______ mney aside fr university, it als means investing in yurself.
A．putB．puttingC．being putD．have put
6．It remains ________ whether the new traffic regulatins will adapt t the actual situatin after they are issued.
A．t seeB．seeingC．being seenD．t be seen
7．______ t much TV des harm t ur eyes.
A．WatchingB．T have watchedC．WatchedD．T be watching
8．Wu Guanzhng’s gal as an artist is________ western principles f art with Chinese spirit.
A．cmbiningB．cmbinedC．t cmbineD．Cmbine
9．Jamie decided t jin the basketball team because he enjyed ________ himself as well as meeting new friends.
A．challengedB．challengingC．t challengeD．Challenge
10．________ children t respect thers is believed t be the respnsibility f parents.
A．EducatingB．T educateC．EducatedD．Educate
11．The nvel I bught yesterday_________.
A．is wrth readingB．is wrth being read
C．is wrthy f readingD．was wrth being read
12．As a child, my nly life gal was ______ a famus dancer.
A．t becmeB．becmingC．t have becmeD．Becmes
13．Her lack f preparatin resulted in ______ during the presentatin.
A．failB．having failedC．failedD．Failing
14．During the meeting, please remain ______ until the speaker has finished.
A．seatedB．seatingC．t seatD．Seat
15．______ music requires creativity and skill, which is nt just abut fllwing rules.
A．T cmpseB．CmpsingC．CmpsedD．Cmpse
16．________ the task n time made him unhappy.
A．Dn’t finishB．Nt finishingC．Finishing ntD．N finish
17．The cmpany decided t quit ________ plastic packaging in rder t reduce their envirnmental impact.
A．useB．usingC．t usingD．t use
18．Helen spent a lt f time ______ t slve the math prblem but she still had truble ______ it ut.
A．trying; t wrkB．trying; wrkingC．t try; t wrkD．t try; wrking
19．Tm tends ______ very well in a match and that may allw us ______ the match t be held tmrrw.
A．t perfrm; t winB．t perfrm; winning
C．perfrming; t winD．perfrming; winning
20．What's mre, ________ thers sincerely and kindly makes a big difference t ur life and study.
A．t be treatedB．treatingC．treatD．Treated
21．When Liu Wei had t stp ________ due t health prblems, he decided ________ hw t play the pian with his tes.
A．t swim; t learn B．t swim; learning
C．swimming; t learn D．swimming; learning
22．When yu read bks in a library, yu must bey the rules there t avid ______ t leave.
A．askingB．being askedC．askedD．having asked
23．Frank and his friends had great fun ______ vlleyball n the beach yesterday.
A．playB．playingC．t playD．Played
24．My father is cnsidering ________ a cmputer, which is f great help in ur wrk and study.
A．t buyB．buyingC．bughtD．having bught
25．My cmputer needs ________ but I frgt ________ it t the repair shp.
A．t repair; takingB．t repair; t take
C．repairing; t takeD．repairing; taking
26．His heart sank the mment he read the message—We regret ________ yu that yu haven’t been selected fr ur schl sccer team.
A．t infrmB．infrmingC．having infrmedD．t have infrmed
27．It’s difficult t imagine his________the decisin withut any cnsideratin.
A．t acceptB．acceptC．acceptingD．Accepted
28．His unique talent in music helped him get ______ as a rising star.
A．recgnizedB．t recgnizeC．recgnizingD．Recgnize
29．There is t much wrk at hand, s we have t pstpne __________ the mvie until next week.
A．watchingB．watchedC．t watchD．Watch
30．Her jb is ________ patients in the hspital; but this weekend her task is ________her granny.
A．nursing; lking afterB．nursing; t lk after
C．t nurse; lking afterD．t nurse; t lk after
1． (detect) subtle differences in data is a key cmpnent in the advancement f scientific research and technlgy.
It is really hard fr the public (cnvince) f the necessity and immediacy f scial refrms.
Yuan Lngping, the father f hybrid rice, was cmmitted t (remve) hunger acrss the wrld.
The scientist strngly ppses (advcate) fr the relaxatin f envirnmental regulatins.
He set abut (help) hmeless wmen and children t place f safety.
The team failed (win) the first place.
Teenagers wh have mre fat and sugar in their diet are mre likely (put) n weight.
It tk him a lng time (acquire) the skills that he needed fr his jb.
A freign exchange prgram is well wrth (try), as it pens up new pprtunities fr persnal grwth.
Nwadays, many peple struggle (keep) the balance between wrk and family.
The expert was s addicted t (d) the prject that he didn’t ntice me cme in.
When we are n vacatin, (rent) a bike is a great way t explre a new city.
I still remember (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f (die) early by running.
It’s a waste f time (try) t persuade him t have a hliday because he is facing a challenge.
The newcmer’s (fail) t wrk ut the technical prblem didn’t make her lse heart.
The film star wears sunglasses, hping that he can g shpping withut (recgnise).
In March, Jacky Cheung had n ptin but (pstpne) his Shanghai cncert due t his illness.
He pretended nt (knw) me when we met n the street, which really upset me.
We highly recmmend (sign) up fr this curse because it is perfect fr yu.
Only with the greatest f luck did she manage (escape) frm the rising fldwater.
They always lk fr excuses t pstpne (d) smething.
I tried t quit (smke) several times befre I realised I was addicted.
The mment I gt hme, I gt dwn t (pack) the suitcase.
Mst peple wh want t lse weight by ging n a diet will end up (put) weight back n.
We did everything t stp the enemy frm (seize) the city and finally we succeeded.
While shpping, ladies smetimes can’t help (persuade) int buying mre clthes than necessary.
She began (write) shrt stries in senir high schl.
The twins were s much alike that I have difficulty (distinguish) ne frm the ther.
30．I began by (jg) in the park and wrked up t running five miles a day.
考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破