专题一　题型2　推理判断题--2025年高考英语大二轮复习课件+讲义+专练

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推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的推敲，作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解文章的深层含义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生分析上下文逻辑关系的能力以及逻辑推理能力。题目所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在理解原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，从而揭示其深层含义。纵观近几年高考真题，推断隐含信息、观点态度、写作意图为高频考点，而推断文章出处/类型、读者对象、后续内容和写作手法为低频考点。
隐含信息推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据语篇提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的逻辑关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。一般此类题干中主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(推断出)和assume(假定，设想)。设问方式主要有：What can we learn paragraph...？What can be inferred frm ？What can we infer frm...？What des the authr indicate by paragraph...？What can be inferred
(2024·全国甲，C片段)Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin.The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem，particularly in the prer，rural areas eastf the Vlga River，including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk ？设问方向：就第三段内容对Krasnyarsk的情况进行推断A.It is heavily ppulated. B.It ffers training fr is a mdern city. D.It needs medical aid.
[1]原文关键词＝题干关键词
[2]分析关键信息的字面意思：关键信息1：政府一直在努力提出推动医疗服务现代化的措施,关键信息2：扩大财政援助计划以激励医生到像Krasnyarsk这样的偏远地区行医[3]推测并整合关键信息的隐含意思：整合关键信息可知，在俄罗斯，像Krasnyarsk这样的偏远地区存在很多医疗问题，政府一直努力解决，加大财政援助并鼓励医生去行医，可推断Krasnyarsk急需医疗救助。对比选项知D项正确。
A(2024·新课标Ⅱ，C片段)BMF emplyees live ut ①sustainability in their everyday lives.Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk.Inside the ffice，they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are ②passinate abut reducing waste，carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment，” said a BMF can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?A.They have a great passin fr are devted t cmmunity are fnd f sharing daily have a strng envirnmental awareness.
语境猜词：① sustainability_________② passinate______________
adj.热情的，狂热的
B(2023·全国甲，D片段)Obviusly，if precautins(预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can becme ①trublesme，smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd.If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble.Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal ②quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hpe is t have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits，” says James Jnkel，lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
2.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?A.Fd shuld be prvided fr can live in harmny with grizzlies.C.A special path shuld be built fr can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
语境猜词：① trublesme___________② quarter________
此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问方式主要有：What is the authr’s attitude tward...？What des the authr think f...？Hw des the authr
观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者或文中人物的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。
(2024·全国甲，C片段)The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin.Fr 10 mnths every year，the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks，befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给).Then it starts all ver again the next mnth.Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allws fr basic check-ups.“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”
关键信息1：描述性词汇→形容词
关键信息2：描述性词汇→形容词
31.What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?设问方向：Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持有的态度A.Appreciative. D.Cautius.
[1]找关键信息：见文中1、2、3[2]分析关键信息：关键信息1：形容词impressed，说明Ducke对医生和他们的助手的工作印象深刻。关键信息2：形容词little和fcused and cncerned，说明医生和助手虽然住在如此狭小的空间里，但仍然保持专注和关切。关键信息3：形容词the best，说明他们服务很好。[3]归纳人物态度：综上可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务是感激的，故选A。
A(2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)“I am nt crazy，” says Dr.William Farber，shrtly after perfrming acupuncture(针灸) n a rabbit.“I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little ①defensive，it might be because even sme f his c-wrkers ②ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians(兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine—cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture，chirpractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
1.What d sme f Farber’s c-wrkers think f him?A.He’s dd. B.He’s strict. C.He’s brave. D.He’s rude.
语境猜词：① defensive____________② ccasinally_____________
B(2023·新课标Ⅰ，D片段)In a fllw-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin.Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates？Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds？This happened sme f the time，but it wasn’t the dminant respnse.Mst frequently，the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw，these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain，the ptential ①implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are ②enrmus.
2.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Dubtful. D.Apprving.
语境猜词：① implicatin__________② enrmus______________
adj.巨大的，极大的
C(2023·全国甲，C片段)He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences，and he des s with plenty f humr.Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry，and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn ①interpretatin.The Scrates Express is a fun，sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent ②simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire，lneliness and aging.The invitatin is clear：Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk.I encurage yu t take his ffer.It’s wrth yur time，even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
3.What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and and hard t fllw. D.Humrus and straightfrward.
语境猜词：① interpretatin__________② simplicity______
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问方式主要有：What is the authr’s purpse in writing this passage？What is the purpse f this text？What is the authr’s purpse in mentining...？What is the purpse in
(2024·新课标Ⅱ，D)Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives，we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in.This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin(变革).
[1]Para.1：总体介绍了新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》。
In the wrng hands，such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic，making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which，by the clse，will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
[2]Para.2：介绍了本书作者的背景和写作特点。
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable，mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence.Frm there，Campbell says，will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place.She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence，r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
[3]Paras.3－4：概述了书中的主要论点及其意义。
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it.She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity.We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut.Such structured thinking，fllwed by glbal regulatin，will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.AI will affect us all，and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject，this is it.
[4]Para.5：再次强烈推荐这本书。
35.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?设问方向：询问本文的写作目的A.T recmmend a bk n give a brief accunt f AI clarify the definitin f hnr an utstanding AI expert.
辨文体：本文以“书”为对象，阐述了作者对这本书的评价，由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。明主旨：根据各段主旨可知，本文介绍了《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》这本书的内容并作了评价。作判断：由此可推断，作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关AI的书。故选A。
A(2024·全国甲，D片段)That’s why this issue(期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding.If it’s shrt stries，Peter Muntfrd ①breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—②that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—but it might prvide what yu need t get there.
1.Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?A.T give examples f great nvelists. B.T stress the theme f this encurage writing fr the magazine. D.T recmmend their new bks.
语境猜词：① break dwn____② That’s up
B(2023·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)Over the years，Jhn has ①taken n many big jbs.He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn.He als designed an ②ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu，a city in sutheast is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?A.T review Jhn’s research plans. B.T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s cmpare Jhn’s different jbs. D.T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
语境猜词：① take n____② ec-machine________
C(2023·全国甲，C片段)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then ①frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better.The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates，see like Threau，listen like Schpenhauer，and have n regrets like Nietzsche.This，②mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy，is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
3.Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?A.T cmpare Weiner with them. B.T give examples f great praise their writing skills. D.T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
语境猜词：① frame________________② mre than__________________
与其说……(不如说……)
这类考题考查频率较低，常包括文章出处/类型题、读者对象题、后续内容题和写作手法题等。一般来讲，文章出处/类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别；读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象；后续内容推断题要求考生能根据整篇文章的情节发展预测文章的后续内容，这种题型对考生的能力要求较高；写作手法题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。设问方式主要有：Where is the text mst prbably taken frm？(文章出处题) Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm？(文章出处题) What is the text？(文章类型题) What might the authr cntinue talking abut？(后续内容题) Wh are the intended readers f the text？(读者对象题) Hw is the tpic intrduced in the first paragraph？(写作手法题)
下面介绍部分题型的解题技法：
A(文章出处题)(2024·浙江湖丽衢三市二模)Explre the science behind these amazing landscapesRetracing Charles Darwin’s travels acrss Nrth Wales13 May 2024|6 daysUncver the best f Wales as yu explre the dramatic Welsh landscapes f Eryri (Snwdnia) Natinal Park and examine the regin gelgy and hw it has been transfrmed by vlcanic and glacial activity ver the years.Discver the stry f Charles Darwin’s 1831 and 1842 turs f Wales，and ①retrace his travels n this small grup jurney t Shrewsbury and Snwdnia.
The Rckies and the Badlands：Gelgy and dinsaurs in Canada17 June 2024|7 daysExplre the majestic Rcky Muntains west f Calgary and the therwrldly Badlands t the east，witness the stunning scenery and gelgy f suthern Alberta.This tur includes tw visits t UNESCO Wrld Heritage sites，where yu will see first-hand the rugged peaks and glacial features f the Banff prtin f Canadian Rcky Muntain Parks and the bne-riddled badlands f Dinsaur Prvincial Park.
Shrt break：Dinsaurs and Hds：Alberta23 July 2024|3 daysVisit ne f the wrld’s premier dinsaur museums，sail all the way arund a Wrld Heritage site with utstanding dinsaur fssils and explre the multi-hued canyns and wind-sculpted hds(石林) f the Alberta Badlands.Thrughut this tur，yu will be accmpanied by palentlgist(古生物学家) Jn Nad，wh will share the stries f the rcks，including tales abut past ceans，swamps，rivers and deserts，the rise and fall f the dinsaurs and，mre recently，ice sheets that cvered Alberta and carved ut ②spectacular landscapes.
1.Where is the passage prbably taken frm?A.A research paper. B.A science fictin nvel.C.A turism reprt. D.A travel brchure.
语境猜词：① retrace_________________② spectacular________________
vt.重走(别人走过的路线)
adj.壮观的，令人惊叹的
B(文章类型题)(2022·全国乙，B片段)In 1916，tw girls f wealthy families，best friends frm Auburn，N.Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse.The girls had gne t Smith Cllege.They wre expensive clthes.S fr them t mve t Elkhead，Cl.t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted：The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden，wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s
In Wickenden’s bk，she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism，which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead.A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads，which entailed(牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies，ften in blinding snwstrms.The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.Wickenden is a very gd stryteller.The sweep f the land and the sticism(坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff，n her hrse，lking dwn frm a hill tp：“When the sun slipped behind the muntains，it shed a rsy glw all arund them.Then a full mn rse.The snw was marked nly by small animals：fxes，cytes，mice，and varying hares，which turned white in the winter.”
2.What is the text?A.A news reprt. B.A bk review.C.A children’s stry. D.A diary entry.
C(读者对象题)(2024·广州天河区二模)Sme f the greatest discveries in science have been cmpletely accidental.Then again，maybe science had a little CandyOne f America’s favrite summertime treats came abut thanks t a particularly cld night in the San Francisc Bay area in 1905.That’s when 11-year-ld Frank Eppersn frgt a glass cntaining pwdered sda mix，water and a wden stick ut at the drway vernight.The next mrning，Frank discvered the mixture had frzen arund the stick.He ppped it ut f the cup，licked summers were never the same!
Safety Glass
In 1903，French chemist Éduard Bénédictus accidentally drpped a glass bttle.T his surprise，the glass cracked but wasn’t brken int pieces.Out f curisity，he checked it carefully.As it turned ut，the bttle hadn’t been cleaned prperly and was ①cated with a thin ②film f a kind f liquid plastic.A happy accident led t the discvery f safety glass.YInMn BlueIn 2009，Mas Subramanian，a prfessr f materials science at Oregn State University，was testing ut new materials fr electrnics in his lab with graduate students.A mixture f metals went int the furnace.What came ut was a striking blue mixture.The first new blue since cbalt(深蓝) was discvered in 1802，is called “YInMn Blue”.
PenicillinIn 1928，Scttish researcher Alexander Fleming returned t his lab after a tw-week vacatin nly t discver that mld(霉菌) frm an pen windw had made an uncvered dish f bacteria dirty.Strangely enugh，the mld stpped the bacteria frm grwing，giving the wrld its first are the intended readers f the text?A.Science students. B.Curisity researchers. D.The general public.
语境猜词：① cat______② film______
D(后续内容题)(2024·四川南充二模片段)Plains bisn spent thusands f years engineering a ①distinctive grassland eclgy frm Nrthern Canada thrugh Mntana t Mexic.But mre than a century ag，this influence suddenly stpped.A few decades f killing led the number f bisn t fall suddenly frm 60 millin t barely 800 living wild in the US and Canada by 1889.Tday，hwever，bisn are getting a secnd chance.Tribal reservatins are ②at the frefrnt f their recvery，taking extra bisn frm Yellwstne Natinal Park and restring them t treaty lands.Nw sme scientists are keeping clse watch n the changes f the lands after the return f bisn.
4.What might the authr cntinue talking abut?A.Hw bisn get the secnd the return f bisn affects the scientists restre bisn t treaty the number f bisn is back t its previus level.
语境猜词：① distinctive__________________② at the frefrnt f___________
adj.独特的，与众不同的
E(写作手法题)(2024·重庆二模片段)Three yung American men were n a crwded train when they encuntered a heavily ①armed ②terrrist.With little regard fr their persnal safety，they rushed the terrrist and cntrlled him.Only sme peple seem capable f this ③split-secnd frm f herism.Why sme men rise t the ccasin—and thers dn’t—has been a bit tricky t explain.Psychlgists have explred this questin thrugh bilgical and persnality psychlgy.
5.Hw is the tpic intrduced in the first paragraph?A.By giving an example. B.By presenting a making a cmparisn. D.By drawing a cnclusin.