作业13　人与动植物类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练）

这是一份作业13　人与动植物类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练），文件包含作业13人与动植物类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习强化专练教师版docx、作业13人与动植物类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习强化专练学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共14页， 欢迎下载使用。
(每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
(2020·全国Ⅰ)
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research.Recent studies have fund psitive effects.A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example，discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime.In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre ①prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins.These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.“We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Stran，a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光) in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables.Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs.The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start.The technlgy，Stran said，culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ②ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime.The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US.Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during ③transmissin.Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．A new study f different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D．Benefits frm green plants.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段的主题句(第二句)“Recent studies have fund psitive effects.”并结合下文“A huseplants.”可知，最近的研究发现了植物的积极作用。故选D。
2．What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A．T detect plants’ lack f water.
B．T change cmpsitins f plants.
C．T make the life f plants lnger.
D．T test chemicals in plants.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water...”可知，叶子上的传感器用来显示植物什么时候缺水。故选A。
3．What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy prductin.
B．They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C．They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D．They culd take the place f pwer plants.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The technlgy，Stran said，culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.”可知，有朝一日新技术能够让植物为房间提供照明，甚至使街道两旁的树木变为自我供电的路灯。又根据最后一段最后一句“Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.”可知，发光植物可以避免远距离输电带来的损耗，从而节省能源。综上可知，发光植物可以降低能源消耗。故选C。
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B．Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C．Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D．Hw are glwing plants made ④pllutin-free?
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。本文重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响，预测发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的效果。故C项“发光植物会取代灯吗”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
B
(2023·全国甲)
Grizzly bears，which may grw t abut 2.5m lng and weigh ver 400kg，ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that ①fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see，and their answer is ften the same：a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range，” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre，they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U．S.was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came，with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers,600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday，there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U．S.Their recvery has been s successful that the U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t ②de-list grizzlies，which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted.Bth effrts were ③verturned due t ④lawsuits frm cnservatin grups.Fr nw，grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly，if precautins(预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can becme trublesme，smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd.If peple remve fd and ⑤attractants frm their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble.Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hpe is t have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits，” says James Jnkel，lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
5．Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A．They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B．They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C．They are f high scientific value.
D．They are a symbl f American culture.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，美国人对灰熊既害怕又敬畏。故选A。
6．What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A．The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B．The expansin f bears’ range.
C．The prtectin by law since 1975.
D．The supprt f Native Americans.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句可推知，自1975年起，有了法律的保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C。
7．What has stpped the U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service frm de-listing grizzlies?
A．The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B．The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C．The vice f the bilgists.
D．The lcal farmers’ advcates.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，是保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A。
8．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B．Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C．A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D．Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，灰熊数量增长虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B。
C
(2024·江苏连云港高三二模)
The science f why insects gather arund lights at night has never been nailed_dwn.Ppular theries prpse that mths and ther insects navigate(确定方向) by the mn and mistake lamps fr mnlight，r that the insects fly twards light t escape cming danger.Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer: cntrary t current theries，insects are nt attracted t light frm far away，but becme trapped if they fly clse t an artificial light surce.
Accrding t Dr Sam Fabian，study c-authr and Imperial Cllege Lndn ①entmlgist，mths and many ther insects that fly at night evlved t tilt(倾斜) their backs t wherever is brightest.Fr hundreds f millins f years，this was the sky rather than the grund.The trick tld insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Mths fund themselves tilting their backs t street lamps.This caused them t circle arund the lamps endlessly，the insects trapped by their evlutin.
Fabian and his clleagues ②filmed insect flight paths arund lights in the lab.The vides reveal that time and again，mths and dragnflies turned their backs t artificial lights，which appeared t greatly change their flight paths.“If the light is abve them，they might start rbiting it，but if it’s behind them，they start tilting backwards and may climb up and up until they fall，” Fabian said.
Researchers have lng warned that light pllutin is a big driving frce in the dramatic decline in insect ppulatins.Mths and ther insects that becme trapped arund lamps becme easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can als fl them int thinking it is daytime，causing them t bed dwn and skip a night’s feeding.
There are，Fabian believes，helpful lessns frm the research.“What this tells us is that the directin f artificial light matters.Culd we change lighting envirnments t nt trap insects? Fr we’re facing a massive decline in insects arund the wrld，and artificial light at night is ne f the factrs that culd ptentially be leading t this decline，” Fabian said.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于昆虫夜晚趋光的研究以及其意义。)
9．What d the underlined phrase “nailed dwn” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．③Ppularized widely.
B．Discussed penly.
C．Defined accurately.
D．Explred academically.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，只有一些理论猜想，而且科学家仍在探索这一现象，故可推知画线短语所在句意为“关于为什么昆虫在夜间会围绕着灯这一科学问题从未得到准确解释”，由此推测画线短语意为“准确解释”，与C项意义相近。故选C。
10．Why d mths circle arund the lamps endlessly accrding t Fabian’s study?
A．Because they can’t keep their balance.
B．Because they use imprper flight attitude.
C．Because they lse track f which way is up.
D．Because they are attracted t lights frm far away.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，正常情况下飞蛾将背向最亮处即天空倾斜，以此保持水平飞行，而当飞蛾背向路灯倾斜，由于路灯的光源是散射的，而它飞行的角度仍然采用与在月光下的飞行相同的角度，这就使它围着路灯散射的光源打转，故是不正确的飞行姿势导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。
11．What is the significance f the research finding?
A．It may lead t better cnservatin f insects.
B．Natural enemies f insects will be gt rid f.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise cncerns fr insects’ eating behavir.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Why insects lse their ability t fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evlutin trap insects.
C．Hw artificial light impacts insect ppulatins.
D．Hw insects evlved distinct strategies f flight.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其第二段可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现昆虫因进化而在夜间无休止地围绕人造光转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物的积极作用，因此麻省理工学院的工程师们研发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
语境猜词
①prductive(派)＝prduct＋ive多产的，高效的
②ne-ff(合)＝ne＋ff一次性的
③transmissin(派)＝transmi(t)＋ssin传输，传送
④pllutin-free(合)＝pllutin＋free无污染的
语篇解读 本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到了2 000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
语境猜词
①fld熟义：n.洪水，水灾 生义(文义)：v.大量涌入
②de-list(派)＝de＋list除名
③verturn(合)＝ver＋turn推翻，撤销
④lawsuit(合)＝law＋suit诉讼，起诉
⑤attractant(派)＝attract＋ant引诱物，引诱剂
语境猜词
①entmlgist(派)＝entmlg(y)＋ist昆虫学者
②film熟义：n.电影，影片 生义(文义)：v.录制，拍摄
③ppularize(派)＝ppular＋ize宣传，推广；使普及