作业51　四选一阅读＋七选五阅读--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练）

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A
(2024·福建漳州三模)
I lve learning abut custms and ①practices in ther cuntries.Fr this pst，I asked all f my friends in the Multicultural Kid Blgger grup t give me their favrite birthday traditins!
CHINA
The mst special f the birthday traditins in China is fr babies.New parents give red eggs(an even number) t friends and family fr gd luck.Cmmn presents include fd，silverware，and mney wrapped in red paper.On birthdays，it is cmmn t eat lngevity ndles(长寿面) withut breaking them fr gd luck t live a lng life.
ISRAEL
Smetimes children in Israel wear a crwn(花冠) made frm leaves r flwers fr their birthday.The birthday child sits in a chair，and gets picked up and raised and ②lwered the chair ne time fr each year f age，plus ne mre fr gd luck.Guests at the birthday party sing and dance arund the chair.At birthday parties，kids ften play games，such as races with ptates n spns.
GHANA
In Ghana，ne f the mst cmmn birthday traditins is that kids get t eat t fr breakfast：sweet ptates mixed with nins，made int patties，and fried with hard biled eggs.Later in the day，Ghanaians smetimes have a party fr the child with stew，rice，and kelewele.At the party，girls ften like t play a game called ampe.
MEXICO
Mexic families lve parties，and celebrate birthdays en grande(盛大地)．The 15th birthday，quinceañera is the mst imprtant，frmal，and ③well-prepared.Mexicans always sing Las Mañanitas t wake up the child n their birthdays.When the birthday girl r by blws ut their candles，guests call fr them t ④take a bite f the cake(“mrdida-mrdida！”) and always push their face int the frsting.A Mexican birthday party always has a piñata filled with little tys and candies.
1．What d parents bth in China and Ghana d fr their kids’ birthdays?
A．Offer them a special fd.
B．Give them mney in red papers.
C．Play a unique game with them.
D．Make a special clthing fr them.
2．What d kids in Mexic get fr their birthdays?
A．A blessing sng.
B．A beautiful crwn.
C．Red eggs.
D．A wnderful breakfast.
3．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A nticebard.
B．A travel guidebk.
C．A website.
D．A gegraphy magazine.
语境猜词
①practice熟义：n.实践；练习
生义(文义)：
②lwer(转)adj.→v.
③well-prepared(合)＝well＋prepared
④take a bite f
B
(2024·河北衡水模拟预测)
Out f all fields f science，physics has a reputatin fr being difficult t the general public.On tp f cmplex frmulas(公式)，the abstract cncepts that make it up are smetimes simply hard t grasp.That’s why prfessr Tatiana Erukhimva wrks alngside the team f the Physics & Astrnmy department at Texas A & M University(TAMU) t prduce a series f vides shwing real-wrld applicatins f physics in a fun and ①insightful way that has earned her fans arund the wrld.
Nt nly are the explanatins in every vide easy t fllw，but Erukhimva’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged.Fr example，in ne vide，the cheerful prfessr explains the physics f pressure.T demnstrate hw distributing weight allws ②seemingly fragile bjects t carry heavier lads，the teacher excitedly steps n a tiny bard with lightbulbs and then prceeds t replicate(复制) the experiment with eggs—until it takes an unexpected turn.
Erukhimva’s unique teaching methd cmes frm her hpe t get students interested thrugh ③demnstrative classes.“Yu get this ‘ww factr’ and then it’s easier t find resnance(共鸣)，” she said.“I like what I teach，and I try t share my excitement with them.”
Brn t physicist parents，Erukhimva has had a unique ④attachment t the field since she was very little.“My passin fr physics is just in my genes，and I cannt imagine my life withut physics，” she explained.After being ffered a psitin at Texas A & M almst 25 years ag，Erukhimva mved frm Russia t Texas.Since then，she has wn ver bth university students and casual viewers with her particular way f explaining science.
While she is aware that peple may nt learn a lt frm watching a shrt vide，getting them interested and curius abut learning mre is all wrth it.
4．Why des physics seem difficult t the general public?
A．It has many frmulas.
B．It’s bring and useless.
C．Its cncepts are abstract.
D．Access t educatinal resurces is limited.
5．What makes Erukhimva’s vides ppular?
A．Her family backgrund.
B．Her respect fr her students.
C．Her vivid language and persnality.
D．Her enthusiasm and teaching methd.
6．What des Erukhimva hpe t achieve thrugh her demnstrative classes?
A．Winning ver casual viewers and fans.
B．Getting students interested in physics.
C．Sharing her excitement abut physics.
D．Imprving students’ academic perfrmance.
7．What can be learned abut Erukhimva?
A．She has many hbbies.
B．She is a famus scientist.
C．She is devted t her jb.
D．She earns a very high salary.
语境猜词
①insightful(派)＝insight＋ful
②seemingly(派)＝seeming＋ly
③demnstrative(派)＝demnstrat(e)＋ive
④attachment(派)＝attach＋ment
C
(2024·福建泉州二模)
When delivering medicatins t patients，ne f the mst effective methds is direct injectin(注射) int the ①bldstream using a needle.But this can be an uncmfrtable experience，especially fr kids r adults with a fear f needles.While patients d have the ptin t take ral pills instead，drugs cntaining large mlecules(分子) are nt absrbed effectively this way.
Nw，inspired by ctpus suckers(章鱼吸盘)，researchers frm China and Switzerland have designed a ②needle-free alternative: a tiny，drug-filled，cup-like patch(贴片) that sticks t the inside f the cheeks.The device is easily accessible，and it can be remved at any time and the drug gets absrbed thrugh the lining f the inner cheek，the team reprts in a paper in Science Translatinal Medicine.
T test the design，the team 3D printed the suckers.They laded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks f three beagles，a kind f dg which has a similar inner cheek lining t humans.Fr cmparisn，they als delivered the drug t beagles via a pill.After three hurs，the team fund that drug bld ③cncentratins in dgs with the patch were mre than 150 times higher than in the dgs that tk a tablet.They als fund patches wrked effectively fr drugs with large mlecules.
40 healthy human vlunteers self-applied water-filled patches t see hw well they wuld stay n while talking and mving their muths.After 30 minutes，nly five f the 40 patches had fallen ff，which was because f imprper ④placement.Mst vlunteers said they wuld prefer a patch ver injectins fr daily applicatins.
Still，the team nly tested the patch fr a shrt time s they wuld need t find ut what wuld happen if it was used repeatedly.They’d als need t determine which drugs wuld wrk with the technlgy: the target is large mlecules，such as thse used t treat besity r steprsis，but they can’t be t large t fit in the cup.
8．Why d the researchers develp the patch?
A．T help patients vercme the fear f needles.
B．T enable kids t swallw tablets smthly.
C．T ffer a better way f drug delivery.
D．T guarantee the efficiency f ral pills.
9．What des the research n dgs prve?
A．It is technlgically pssible t 3D print the patches.
B．The cheek lining f dgs is similar t that f humans.
C．Patches fall easily with their muth mvement.
D．Drugs are absrbed better thrugh patches than pills.
10．Which f the fllwing can best describe the device?
A．Innvative and prfitable.
B．Effective and user-friendly.
C．Affrdable and accessible.
D．Flexible and lng-lasting.
11．What des the last paragraph stress?
A．The related issues t be slved.
B．The risk f using patches repeatedly.
C．The way t identity large mlecules.
D．The truble f imprving the technlgy.
语境猜词
①bldstream(合)＝bld＋stream
②needle-free(合)＝needle-free
③cncentratin (派)＝cncentrate＋in
④placement(派)＝place＋ment
D
(2024·江苏南通三模)
Psychlgists have lng been in disagreement as t whether cmpetitin is a learned r a ①genetic cmpnent f human behavir.Whatever it is，yu cannt but recgnize the effect cmpetitin has n academics and many ther areas f cntemprary life.
Psychlgically speaking，cmpetitin has been seen as an ②unavidable cnsequence f human drives.Accrding t Sigmund Freud，humans are brn screaming fr attentin and full f rganic drives fr fulfillment in varius areas.Initially，we cmpete fr the attentin f ur parents.
Current wrk in anthrplgy(人类学) has suggested，hwever，that this view f the rle f cmpetitin in human behavir may be a fallacy.Thmas Hbbes，ne f the great philsphers f the seventeenth century，is perhaps best remembered fr his ③characterizatin f the “natural wrld”，that is，the wrld befre the intrductin f the will f humanity，as being unpleasant and shrt.This pinin is still widely held，reinfrced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential wrk，The Origin f Species，which established the dctrine(学说) f natural selectin.Darwin’s thery has even been summarized as “survival f the fittest”—a phrase Darwin himself never used—further highlighting cmpetitin’s rle in success.As it has ften been pinted ut，hwever，there is nthing in the cncept f natural selectin that suggests that cmpetitin is the mst successful strategy fr “survival f the fittest”．Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was describing shuld be viewed as metaphrs and culdn’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin.
Many studies have been cnducted t test the imprtance placed n cmpetitin rather than ther values，such as cperatin，and generally cnclude that Americans uniquely praise cmpetitin as natural，unavidable，and desirable.In 1937，the ④wrld-renwned anthrplgist Margaret Mead published Cperatin and Cmpetitin Amng Primitive Peples，based n her studies f several scieties that did nt prize cmpetitin，and，in fact，seemed at times t place a negative value n it.One such sciety was the Zuni Indians f Arizna，and they，Mead fund，valued cperatin far mre than cmpetitin.After studying dzens f such cultures，Mead’s final cnclusin was that cmpetitiveness is a culturally created aspect f human behavir，and that its ppularity in a particular sciety is relative t hw that sciety values it.
12．What des the authr think is cmmnly seen in many areas f cntemprary life?
A．The influence f cmpetitin.
B．The rigin f human drive.
C．The reasns fr human behaviur.
D．The disagreement n cmpetitin.
13．What des the underlined part “a fallacy” in the third paragraph mean?
A．A false idea. B．A hard nut.
C．A lsing battle. D．A mixed blessing.
14．What can we learn frm Darwin’s wrds in The Origin f Species?
A．All species depend n thers fr survival.
B．The strngest species prves t be the fittest.
C．Struggles fr survival include supprt f each ther.
D．Cmpetitin is lked n as the best survival strategy.
15．What cnclusin did Margaret Mead reach?
A．It is characteristic f humans t be cmpetitive.
B．Americans are uniquely ppsed t cperatin.
C．Cmpetitin is relatively mre ppular in Western scieties.
D．Peple’s attitude twards cmpetitin is actually culture-bund.
语境猜词
①genetic(派)＝gene＋tic
②unavidable(派)＝un＋avid＋able
③characterizatin(派)＝character＋iz(e)＋atin
④wrld-renwned(合)＝wrld＋renwned
Ⅱ.七选五阅读(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·广东佛山二模)
Research has shwn that mindful eating has psitive impacts n peple，s it’s beneficial t knw hw t eat mre ①mindfully.Here are sme techniques fr eating at a healthy pace.
Remve all distractins while yu eat. 1 Make sure yur cellphne is face dwn and yu’re nt ging t be respnding t any messages that cme thrugh.
Take enugh time t finish yur meal.Even with all distractins remved，very ften yu still find yurself eating faster than yu shuld. 2 It takes abut that time fr yur bdy t get the signal t the brain that yu are full.
3 Yu might wnder hw t spend 20 whle minutes eating a sandwich.One way t ②slwdwn is t engage yur senses and think thrugh all the details abut yur meal.Ask yurself: What’s n my plate? Hw hungry am I tday? Is it t salty? Ntice the smell，the taste and whatever ther senses that arise as yu eat.
Limit the amunt f the fd yu might munch(大口吃) n mindlessly.Put a small amunt f snack fd，like ptat chips，in a ③separate bwl t help avid mindless munching. 4 Putting aside sme f the fd can help yu eat less at a healthier pace.
Actually chew.If yu’re wlfing dwn(狼吞虎咽) yur fd，yu’re prbably nt chewing it.And chewing is an imprtant part f digestin. 5 Lk at each bite befre putting it int yur muth，acknwledge what yu’re eating and chew，chew，chew.
A．Ntice all the little details abut yur fd.
B．Limit yur time fr a meal within 20 minutes.
C．It helps break up the fds s it’s easier fr absrptin.
D．Watch ut fr yur fd intake and the time yu spend n it.
E．When yu sit dwn t eat，spend at least 20 minutes ding s.
F．If yu have a whle bag f it，it is challenging t stp after several bites.
G．They can limit yur ability t enjy yur fd and ntice when yu are full.
语境猜词
①mindfully(派)＝mind＋ful＋ly
②slwdwn(合)＝slw＋dwn
③separate熟义：v.(使)分离
生义(文义)：adj.
答案精析
Ⅰ.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家的生日习俗。)
1．A [细节理解题。根据CHINA中“On birthdays，it is cmmn t eat lngevity ndles(长寿面) withut breaking them fr gd luck t live a lng life.”和GHANA中“In Ghana，ne f the mst cmmn birthday traditins is that kids get t eat t fr breakfast：sweet ptates mixed with nins，made int patties，and fried with hard biled eggs.”可知，中国和加纳的父母都会在孩子的生日时为他们提供一种特殊的食物。故选A。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据MEXICO中“Mexicans always sing Las Mañanitas t wake up the child n their birthdays.”可知，墨西哥的孩子们过生日时会收到一首祝福歌。故选A。]
3．C [文章出处题。根据第一段中“Fr this pst，I asked all f my friends in the Multicultural Kid Blgger grup t give me their favrite birthday traditins！”可知，文章应该来自网站。故选C。]
4．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Out f all fields f science，physics has a it up are smetimes simply hard t grasp.”可知，物理对于大众来说很难是由于它的概念是抽象的，难以掌握。故选C。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Nt nly are the explanatins in every vide easy t fllw，but Erukhimva’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged.”可知，Erukhimva的视频受欢迎是由于她的热情和生动易懂的教学方法。故选D。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Erukhimva’s unique teaching methd cmes frm her hpe t get students interested thrugh demnstrative classes.”及最后一段内容可知，Erukhimva希望通过她的课让学生对物理感兴趣。故选B。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据第三段中“I like what I teach，and I try t share my excitement with them.”及倒数第二段中“Since then，she has wn science.”可推知，Erukhimva对她的工作十分投入。故选C。]
8．C [推理判断题。根据第一段对针剂注射和口服药丸两种药物输送方式的缺点的描述和第二段可推知，研究人员研发这种贴片是为了提供一种更好的药物输送方式。故选C。]
9．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“After three hurs，the team fund that drug bld cncentratins in dgs with the patch were mre than 150 times higher than in the dgs that tk a tablet.”可知，对狗的研究证明，贴片这种药物输送方式比口服药片更能使药物被吸收。故选D。]
10．B [推理判断题。根据第三段中“the team fund that drug bld cncentratins in dgs with the patch were mre than 150 times higher than in the dgs that tk a tablet.They als fund patches wrked effectively fr drugs with large mlecules”以及第四段中“Mst vlunteers said they wuld prefer a patch ver injectins fr daily applicatins.”可知，该设备的特点是有效和对用户友好。故选B。]
11．A [段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Still，the team nly tested the patch fr a shrt time s they wuld need t find ut what wuld happen if it was used repeatedly.They’d als need t determine which drugs wuld wrk with the technlgy”可知，最后一段强调了这一技术还需要解决的相关问题。故选A。]
12．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whatever it is，yu cannt but recgnize the effect cmpetitin has n academics and many ther areas f cntemprary life.”可知，作者认为人们可以在当代生活的许多领域中看到竞争的影响。故选A。]
13．A [词义猜测题。画线部分所在句上文“Psychlgically speaking，cmpetitin has been seen as an unavidable cnsequence f human drives.Accrding t Sigmund Freud...”表明，从心理学层面讲，竞争一直被认为是人类本能需求的不可避免的结果，并引用了西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的观点进行佐证。结合hwever表转折可知，画线部分所在句是在表达与上文相反的观点，即人类学家现今的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中所扮演的角色的观点可能是错误的。故a fallacy的含义为“一个错误的想法”。故选A。]
14．C [推理判断题。根据第三段中“Darwin said in The Origin f Species that the struggles he was ’t be separated frm dependence and cperatin.”可推知，达尔文的话意在表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。]
15．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After studying dzens f such that its ppularity in a particular sciety is relative t hw that sciety values it.”可推知，人们对待竞争的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.G 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.C
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.习俗 ②降低 ③adj.做好充分准备的
④咬一口
B．①adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
②adv.表面上 ③adj.示范性的 ④ n．喜欢
C．①n.血流 ②adj.无针的 ③n.浓度
④n.放置
D．①adj.遗传的；基因的 ②adj.不可避免的
③n.特性描述 ④adj.世界著名的
Ⅱ.①谨慎地；注意地 ②减速；减缓 ③单独的，分开的
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了物理老师Erukhimva在网络上通过视频来传播物理知识，让学生们对物理感兴趣的事迹。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国和瑞士研究人员设计了一种用来输送药物的杯状贴片装置。
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源，指出心理学界对竞争先天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者的观点，如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学家米德的研究，说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果，而是文化塑造的产物，其重要性视具体社会价值观而定。