作业52　四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练）

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Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
(2024·河北邢台一模)
A recent study cnducted by the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT) has discvered that river ersin(侵蚀) can lead t increased bidiversity in areas with minimal tectnic(地壳构造的) activity.The researchers fcused their attentin n the Tennessee River Basin and examined hw the ersin f varius rck types by the river had led t the separatin and diversificatin f a type f fish called the greenfin darter.As time passed，these separate fish ppulatins evlved int distinct families with genetic differences.
Scientist Thmas Near bserved that the greenfin darter was exclusively fund in the suthern half f the Tennessee River Basin.The researchers analyzed the genes f each fish in Near’s data set and cnstructed an evlutinary tree.This tree helped them cmprehend the evlutin and differences f the greenfin darter species.They discvered that the fish within the same branch f the river were mre clsely related t each ther than t the fish in ther branches.
This study prvides evidence that river ersin significantly impacts bidiversity in regins with lw tectnic activity.It illustrates hw changes in the landscape caused by river ersin can lead t the divisin and diversificatin f species ver time，even in peaceful envirnments.These findings enhance ur understanding f the mechanisms(机制) that drive bidiversity and evlutin，even in areas that are nt typically assciated with intense tectnic activity.
Subsequently，the team discvered a strng crrelatin between the habitats f the greenfin darter and the type f rcks present.The suthern half f the Tennessee River Basin cnsists f hard，tightly packed rcks，resulting in turbulent(湍急的) waves in the rivers that flw thrugh it.This characteristic may be favred by the greenfin darter.As a result，the team assumed whether the distributin f greenfin darter habitats had been influenced by the changing rck types，as the rivers erded the land ver time.T test this assumptin，the researchers develped a simulatin mdel.Remarkably，the results cnfirmed their assumptin.
1．What is new abut the MIT study?
A．It finds river ersin can enhance bidiversity.
B．It further prves the mechanisms f river ersin.
C．It prves the gegraphical features f bidiversity.
D．It classifies a type f fish called the greenfin darter.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A recent study lead t increased bidiversity in areas with minimal tectnic(地壳构造的) activity.”可知，麻省理工学院的这项研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性。故选A。
2．What can we learn abut the greenfin darter?
A．Their appearances vary between families.
B．Their genetic cnstitutins have diversified.
C．They prefer the deep and slw-flwing river.
D．They g extinct in the changing landscape f rivers.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The researchers fcused their attentin n the Tennessee River separate fish ppulatins evlved int distinct families with genetic differences.”可知，绿鳍鲷的基因构成变得多样化了。故选B。
3．Hw did Near help the researchers reach their cnclusin?
A．By creating an evlutinary tree f the fish.
B．By ffering the fish’s genetic data.
C．By reasning ut the time the fish evlve and separate.
D．By analyzing the genetic similarity between different fish.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers analyzed the genes f each fish in Near’s data set and cnstructed an evlutinary tree.”可知，Near通过提供鱼的基因数据帮助研究人员得出结论。故选B。
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．River Ersin Can Shape Fish Evlutin
B．Genetic Change in the Greenfin Darter
C．Evlutinary Tree Analysis f the Greenfin Darter
D．The Impact f Climate Change n Fish Diversity
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。由此可知，A选项“河流侵蚀影响鱼类进化”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·湖北武汉一模)
Lexi Reed weighed 485 punds at the age f 25—a weight that was quite 1 .Danny was verweight himself even thugh he came in at 280 punds.But，the 2 part f everything was that the cuple were bth gaining mre weight n what they already had with each passing day.Sme f the daily activities，n matter hw simple，became a real 3 fr the cuple.Hwever，after celebrating their first 4 in 2016，they decided t make a psitive change in their life.
The cuple was making many plans t 5 in the new year 2016 like many ther peple arund the wrld.They made a New Year’s reslutin.But，it was nt 6 t many that were made，as they decided t 7 a challenge that wuld change their lives frever—and fr gd! S many peple make prmises t themselves and thers that they dn’t really 8 ，but the Reeds were nt abut t act like the thers.Theirs were bund t cme t 9 .
It was cmpletely unknwn t the cuple that peple were actually 10 them nline when they started their jurney.Their 11 attracted lts f attentin，and peple cheered them n.Lexi kept her friends and family 12 with her prgress thrugh Instagram.But they were yet t receive a majr 13 f their lives：They were 14 in a ppular issue f Peple Magazine knwn as “Half Their Size”．Befre lng，the cuple’s stry had becme a real 15 .
1．A.unfrgivable B．unbelievable
C．unachievable D．uncmfrtable
答案 B
解析 unfrgivable不可饶恕的；unbelievable令人难以置信的；unachievable不可实现的；uncmfrtable不舒服的。根据上文“Lexi Reed weighed 485 punds at the age f 25”可知，Lexi Reed的体重是令人难以置信的。故选B。
2．A.vital B．strange
C．miserable D．miracle
答案 C
解析 vital关键的；strange奇怪的；miserable悲惨的；miracle神奇的。根据下文“the cuple were bth gaining mre weight n what they already had with each passing day”可知，他们的体重还在增加，这是很悲惨的。故选C。
3．A.issue B．cncern
C．debate D．pssibility
答案 A
解析 issue问题；cncern担忧；debate辩论；pssibility可能性。根据上文“Lexi Reed weighed 485 punds at the age f 25”和“Danny was verweight himself even thugh he came in at 280 punds.”可知，夫妻两个都很胖，所以一些日常活动对他们来说是一个问题。故选A。
4．A.birthday B．valentine
C．Christmas D．anniversary
答案 D
解析 birthday生日；valentine情人节；Christmas圣诞节；anniversary纪念日。根据上文“their first”及下文“they decided t make a psitive change in life”可知，他们在一个重要的节日决定要做出积极改变，“纪念日”符合语境。故选D。
5．A.wrk B．run
C．ring D．surge
答案 C
解析 wrk工作；run跑步；ring敲钟；surge急剧上升。根据下文“in the new year 2016.”可知，他们制定一些计划来迎接新年，ring in the new year意为“迎接新年”。故选C。
6．A.equal B．similar
C．familiar D．inferir
答案 B
解析 equal平等的；similar类似的；familiar熟悉的；inferir低等的。根据下文“but the Reeds were nt abut t act like the thers”可知，他们和其他人的新年决心不同，因此空格处是similar。故选B。
7．A.take n B．take ut
C．take ff D．take in
答案 A
解析 take n接受；take ut拿出去；take ff脱掉；take in吸收。根据下文“a challenge that wuld change their lives frever”可知，他们决定接受一个将永远改变他们生活的挑战。故选A。
8．A.put ut B．break ut
C．spread ut D．carry ut
答案 D
解析 put ut扑灭；break ut爆发；spread ut伸开；carry ut实施。根据上文“S many peple make prmises t themselves and thers that they dn’t really”及常识可知，很多人会做出承诺，但是不能真正地履行。故选D。
9．A.fame B．frmatin
C．tp D．reality
答案 D
解析 fame名声；frmatin构成；tp顶部；reality现实。根据上文“S many peple make prmises t themselves and thers that they dn’t really ，but the Reeds were nt abut t act like the thers.”可知，很多人做出的承诺并不能实现，但是他们跟别人不同，所以他们的承诺注定要成为现实。故选D。
10．A.dubting B．recrding
C．fllwing D．serving
答案 C
解析 dubt怀疑；recrd记录；fllw(在社交媒体上)关注；serve服务。根据“them nline”可知，很多人在网上关注这对夫妇。故选C。
11．A.success B．enterprise
C．missin D．innvatin
答案 B
解析 success成功；enterprise事业；missin使命；innvatin创新。根据上文“their jurney”和第一段的“they decided t make a psitive change in their life”可知，此处指他们改变自己的生活的事业吸引了很多人的关注。故选B。
12．A.updated B．inspired
C．mved D．cnnected
答案 A
解析 update向……提供最新信息；inspire激励；mve移动；cnnect连接。根据上文“peple were actually them nline”可知，很多人在网上关注他们，所以Lexi通过Instagram向她的朋友和家人更新了她的进展。故选A。
13．A.achievement B．cmmitment
C．surprise D．bst
答案 C
解析 achievement成就；cmmitment承诺，保证；surprise惊喜；bst帮助。根据下文“They were in a ppular issue f Peple Magazine knwn as ‘Half Their Size’．”可知，他们登上了杂志，这对他们来说是惊喜。故选C。
14．A.praised B．featured
C．dcumented D．memrized
答案 B
解析 praise表扬；feature特写；dcument记录；memrize记忆。根据下文“in a ppular issue f Peple Magazine knwn as ‘Half Their Size’”可知，他们登上了杂志，空格处用feature，表示杂志对他们进行人物专访或进行特写。故选B。
15．A.hit B．incident
C．gssip D．legend
答案 A
解析 hit热门话题；incident事件；gssip流言蜚语；legend传说。根据上文“They were in a ppular issue f Peple Magazine knwn as ‘Half Their Size’．”可知，他们登上了杂志，很快就成了热门的话题。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏南京一模)
In recent years，China has been wrking hard t imprve living cnditins in rural areas thrugh a prgram called the New Rural Develpment Initiative.1. gal f this initiative is t imprve infrastructure(基础设施)，mdernize farming practices，and enhance the verall quality f life fr thse 2. (live) in the cuntryside.
One imprtant aspect f the initiative is the imprvement f rural infrastructure 3.________________ includes the cnstructin f better rads，bridges，and watering systems 4.______________(imprve) the efficiency f transprtatin and agricultural activities.
Anther key fcus is the prmtin f mdern agricultural 5. (technique)．By intrducing advanced farming methds and technlgies，such as rganic farming and the use f machinery，farmers are able t increase their prductivity and incme 6. damaging the envirnment.
Furthermre，the initiative emphasizes the imprtance f preserving traditinal culture and heritage in rural cmmunities.Effrts 7. (make) t regenerate lcal traditins，which nt nly enriches the cultural 8. (diverse) f the cuntryside but als creates new pprtunities fr cultural turism and sustainable develpment.The initiative als aims t enhance the living envirnment in rural areas thrugh the restratin f traditinal huses 9.__________________ the cnstructin f public facilities.
Thrugh the initiative，China is wrking hard t create a mre prsperus(繁荣的) and 10.________________(harmny) cuntryside，prviding its rural residents with better pprtunities and an imprved quality f life.
1．答案 The
解析 考查冠词。此处gal特指这一倡议的目标，应用定冠词the，首字母大写。故填The。
2．答案 living
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live与其逻辑主语thse构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填living。
3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词imprvement，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
4．答案 t imprve
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，imprve在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填t imprve。
5．答案 techniques
解析 考查名词复数。technique为可数名词，结合语境可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填techniques。
6．答案 withut
解析 考查介词。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不，没有”应用介词withut。故填withut。
7．答案 are being made/are made/have been made
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合此处语境可知，表示正在进行可用现在进行时的被动语态；陈述事实可用一般现在时的被动语态或表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数。故填are being made/are made/have been made。
8．答案 diversity
解析 考查名词。此处作动词的宾语，应用名词diversity“多样性”，不可数。故填diversity。
9．答案 and
解析 考查连词。此处the restratin f traditinal huses与后文the cnstructin f public facilities为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
10．答案 harmnius
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰名词cuntryside，应用形容词harmnius“和谐的”，作定语。故填harmnius。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加地壳活动少的地区的生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Lexi Reed和Danny夫妇都很胖，但是却决心为自己的生活做出积极改变，在网上有很多人关注他们的进展，后来他们甚至还登上了杂志，成了热门话题。
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。近年来，中国一直在努力通过一个名为“新农村建设行动”的项目改善农村地区的生活条件。这一倡议的目标是改善基础设施，实现农业现代化，提高农村居民的整体生活质量。