专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（课件）-2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练（新高考通用）（新高考通用）

这是一份专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（课件）-2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练（新高考通用）（新高考通用），共45页。PPT课件主要包含了考点一，考查总结文章标题，解题技巧，考点二，考查文章大意题，考点三，考查段落大意题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【典例】(2024全国甲卷B篇)Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals（声音）that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like. Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs（食肉动物）. Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!27. What is a suitable title fr the text? A. Tips n Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Yur Cat's BehavirC. Have Fun with Yur Cat D. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【典例】(2024全国甲卷B篇)27. What is a suitable title fr the text? A. Tips n Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Yur Cat's BehavirC. Have Fun with Yur Cat D. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
(一)理解标题的三大特点：1. ——准确而又简短；2. ——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3. ——能引发读者的阅读欲望。(二)确定文章标题：1. ：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2. ：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3. ：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
1.文章标题类设问方式·Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?·What wuld be the best title fr the passage?·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.2.错误选项的特点①断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；②以偏概全；③离题太远
3.文章标题的特点①概括性：能概括全文并体现文章的主旨；②针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；③新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；④精准性：不改变原文的意思和感情色彩⑤简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
5.思维方法要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started. Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment. BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.11. What des the text mainly talk abut?A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)11. What des the text mainly talk abut?A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
·What's the main idea/pint f the passage?·The passage is mainly abut ________.·The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.·Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?·Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the theme f the passage?·In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.·The subject discussed in this text is ________.·The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
方法1：主题句法解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句转折词如but，hwever，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。总结词如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。疑问句若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
方法2：高频词法全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
方法3：逆向思维法在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
【典例】(2024新课标I卷B篇 26题)Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment. B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.C. Examples f rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment. B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.C. Examples f rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
·What des the authr tell us in Paragraph ·The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.·The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.·Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?·What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
1．命题规律：主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题，一定要把它作为最后一道题来做。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。2．考查类型：主要考查文章标题、段落大意题、文章大意题。3．考查趋势：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中的必考点，每年必考，一般考查1——2题。
①段落中出现表示转折的词语(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。②首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。③作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。④ 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词，通常是主旨。
①段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。②段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。③无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
①概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；②针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；③新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；④简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
（2025·河北省省级联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A newly engineered type f sil can draw water ut f thin air t prvide plants with water and manage cntrlled release f fertilizer (肥料) fr a cnstant supply f nutrients.Supprting this exciting smart sil system is a hydrgel (水凝胶) material. In experiments, the sil cntaining hydrgel led t the grwth f larger, healthier plants, cmpared t regular sil, all while using less water and fertilizer. The technlgy is als universal enugh t be adpted acrss a wide range f climates, frm dry regins t temperate areas.Agriculture tday accunts fr 70% f glbal freshwater withdrawals and up t 95% in sme develping cuntries as ur glbal ppulatin cntinues t rise. The U. N. Fd and Agriculture Organizatin (FAO) emphasizes the imprtance f imprving irrigatin (灌溉) efficiency, adpting water-saving technlgies and prmting crps with lwer water ftprints t ensure sustainable fd prductin and water resurce management.Meanwhile, traditinal farming methds, especially irrigatin and fertilizing, face significant difficulties. As climate change intensifies and water resurces becme increasingly rare, the need fr mre efficient and sustainable irrigatin practices has never been mre urgent. Additinally, cnventinal fertilizatin techniques ften result in t much nutrient expsure, reducing nutrient uptake efficiency and causing envirnmental pllutin, and farmable land degradatin.“The lack f water cupled with a grwing ppulatin has an immediate impact n fd security,” said Yu, prfessr f Materials Science in the Cckrell Schl. “This new class f hydrgels ffers a slutin t meet the pressing needs f water and efficient nutrient uptake in mdern sustainable agriculture.”In experiments, plants rted in the hydrgel sil saw a 138% increase in crp length cmpared t a cntrl grup in regular sil. And the imprved sil can achieve 40% water savings, significantly reducing the need fr frequent irrigatin and ensuring strng crp develpment.This research builds n previus discveries invlving hydrgels that can pull water frm the atmsphere and make farming mre efficient. The prject will cntinue, and the researchers’ next mves invlve integrating different types f fertilizers and lnger field tests.
35．What can be the best title fr the text?A．Smart Sil Can Water and Feed ItselfB．Hydrgel Will Take the Place f SilC．Mdern Agriculture Is Facing DrughtD．Smart Sil Is Apprved fr Prmtin